1544:
and has the popular legitimacy. Internal sovereignty examines the internal affairs of a state and how it operates. It is important to have strong internal sovereignty to keeping order and peace. When you have weak internal sovereignty, organisations such as rebel groups will undermine the authority and disrupt the peace. The presence of a strong authority allows you to keep the agreement and enforce sanctions for the violation of laws. The ability for leadership to prevent these violations is a key variable in determining internal sovereignty. The lack of internal sovereignty can cause war in one of two ways: first, undermining the value of agreement by allowing costly violations; and second, requiring such large subsidies for implementation that they render war cheaper than peace. Leadership needs to be able to promise members, especially those like armies, police forces, or paramilitaries will abide by agreements. The presence of strong internal sovereignty allows a state to deter opposition groups in exchange for bargaining. While the operations and affairs within a state are relative to the level of sovereignty within that state, there is still an argument over who should hold the authority in a sovereign state.
819:, a constitution by Catalonia recognized that right which demonstrates empirical sovereignty. As David Samuel points out, this is an important aspect of a state because there has to be a designated individual or group of individuals that are acting on behalf of the people of the state. Juridical sovereignty emphasizes the importance of other states recognizing the rights of a state to exercise their control freely with little interference. For example, Jackson,Rosberg and Jones,explain how the sovereignty and survival of African states were more largely influenced by legal recognition rather than material aid. Douglass North identifies that institutions want structure and these two forms of sovereignty can be a method for developing structure.
1103:, is inalienable, for the will cannot be transmitted; it is indivisible since it is essentially general; it is infallible and always right, determined and limited in its power by the common interest; it acts through laws. Law is the decision of the general will regarding some object of common interest, but though the general will is always right and desires only good, its judgment is not always enlightened, and consequently does not always see wherein the common good lies; hence the necessity of the legislator. But the legislator has, of himself, no authority; he is only a guide who drafts and proposes laws, but the people alone (that is, the sovereign or general will) has authority to make and impose them.
975:, that is, laws made by humans. He emphasized that a sovereign is bound to observe certain basic rules derived from the divine law, the law of nature or reason, and the law that is common to all nations (jus gentium), as well as the fundamental laws of the state that determine who is the sovereign, who succeeds to sovereignty, and what limits the sovereign power. Thus, Bodin's sovereign was restricted by the constitutional law of the state and by the higher law that was considered as binding upon every human being. The fact that the sovereign must obey divine and natural law imposes ethical constraints on him. Bodin also held that the
1255:; policies and actions of neighboring states; cooperation and respect of the populace; means of enforcement; and resources to enact policy are factors that might limit sovereignty. For example, parents are not guaranteed the right to decide some matters in the upbringing of their children independent of societal regulation, and municipalities do not have unlimited jurisdiction in local matters, thus neither parents nor municipalities have absolute sovereignty. Theorists have diverged over the desirability of increased absoluteness.
823:
era because the United
Nations believed that to have peaceful relations states should establish peace within their territory. As a matter of fact, theorists found that during the post Cold War era many people focused on how stronger internal structures promote inter-state peace. For instance, Zaum argues that many weak and impoverished countries that were affected by the Cold War were given assistance to develop their lacking sovereignty through this sub-concept of "empirical statehood".
1548:
independent authority; one whose decisions are binding upon all citizens, groups and institutions in society. Early thinkers believed sovereignty should be vested in the hands of a single person, a monarch. They believed the overriding merit of vesting sovereignty in a single individual was that sovereignty would therefore be indivisible; it would be expressed in a single voice that could claim final authority. An example of an internal sovereign is
40:
4836:
631:
1833:. It was a full economic union, meaning the Scottish and English systems of currency, taxation and laws regulating trade were aligned. Nonetheless, Scotland and England never fully surrendered or pooled all of their governance sovereignty; they retained many of their previous national institutional features and characteristics, particularly relating to their legal, religious and educational systems. In 2012, the
1042:] Power" that can compel them to act in the common good. Hobbes was thus the first to write that relations between the people and the sovereign were based on negotiation rather than natural submission. His expediency argument attracted many of the early proponents of sovereignty. Hobbes strengthened the definition of sovereignty beyond either Westphalian or Bodin's, by saying that it must be:
2515:
1335:
4850:
1111:
collective being of wonder" (Book II, Chapter I) resulting from "the general will" of the people, and that "what any man, whoever he may be, orders on his own, is not a law" (Book II, Chapter VI) – and predicated on the assumption that the people have an unbiased means by which to ascertain the general will. Thus the legal maxim, "there is no law without a sovereign."
2438:
1036:", but for different reasons. He created the first modern version of the social contract (or contractarian) theory, arguing that to overcome the "nasty, brutish and short" quality of life without the cooperation of other human beings, people must join in a "commonwealth" and submit to a "Soveraigne [
1276:; and thus any group claiming the right to violence must either be brought under the yoke of the sovereign, proven illegitimate or otherwise contested and defeated for sovereignty to be genuine. International law, competing branches of government, and authorities reserved for subordinate entities (such as
2416:
hold a view of sovereignty where power rightfully exists with those states that hold the greatest ability to impose the will of said state, by force or threat of force, over the populace of other states with weaker military or political will. They effectively deny the sovereignty of the individual in
2334:
believe that sovereignty is outdated and an unnecessary obstacle to achieving peace, in line with their belief in a global community. In the light of the abuse of power by sovereign states such as Hitler's
Germany or Stalin's Soviet Union, they argue that human beings are not necessarily protected by
1978:
stated with regard to the Hague
Convention on Land Warfare of 1907: "The rules of land warfare expressed in the Convention undoubtedly represented an advance over existing International Law at the time of their adoption ... but by 1939 these rules ... were recognized by all civilized nations and were
822:
For a while, the United
Nations highly valued juridical sovereignty and attempted to reinforce its principle often. More recently, the United Nations is shifting away and focusing on establishing empirical sovereignty. Michael Barnett notes that this is largely due to the effects of the post Cold War
1543:
With "sovereignty" meaning holding supreme, independent authority over a region or state, "internal sovereignty" refers to the internal affairs of the state and the location of supreme power within it. A state that has internal sovereignty is one with a government that has been elected by the people
1580:
and is usually seen as the fundamental principle of the
British constitution. With these principles of parliamentary sovereignty, majority control can gain access to unlimited constitutional authority, creating what has been called "elective dictatorship" or "modern autocracy". Public sovereignty
1547:
This argument between who should hold the authority within a sovereign state is called the traditional doctrine of public sovereignty. This discussion is between an internal sovereign or an authority of public sovereignty. An internal sovereign is a political body that possesses ultimate, final and
1110:
argued, "the growth of the State giving the trustees of public authority more and means to abuse their power, the more the
Government has to have force to contain the people, the more force the Sovereign should have in turn to contain the Government," with the understanding that the Sovereign is "a
814:
There are two additional components of sovereignty that should be discussed, empirical sovereignty and juridical sovereignty. Empirical sovereignty deals with the legitimacy of who is in control of a state and the legitimacy of how they exercise their power. Tilly references an example where nobles
1552:
of France during the seventeenth century; Louis XIV claimed that he was the state. Jean-Jacques
Rousseau rejected monarchical rule in favor of the other type of authority within a sovereign state, public sovereignty. Public Sovereignty is the belief that ultimate authority is vested in the people
1150:
which legally required nations to punish genocide. Based on these and similar human rights agreements, beginning in 1990 there was a practical expression of this circumscription when the
Westphalian principle of non-intervention was no longer observed for cases where the United Nations or another
1130:
which developed a global system of sovereign states came to an end when the excesses of World War II made it clear to nations that some curtailment of the rights of sovereign states was necessary if future cruelties and injustices were to be prevented. In the years immediately prior to the war,
1129:
Today, no state is sovereign in the sense they were prior to the Second World War. Transnational governance agreements and institutions, the globalized economy, and pooled sovereignty unions such as the
European union have eroded the sovereignty of traditional states. The centuries long movement
1179:
agreement endorsed by all member states of the United
Nations. If a state fails this responsibility either by perpetrating massive injustice or being incapable of protecting its citizens, then outsiders may assume that responsibility despite prior norms forbidding such interference in a nation's
1224:
There exists perhaps no conception the meaning of which is more controversial than that of sovereignty. It is an indisputable fact that this conception, from the moment when it was introduced into political science until the present day, has never had a meaning which was universally agreed upon.
2233:
There exist vastly differing views on the moral basis of sovereignty. A fundamental polarity is between theories which assert that sovereignty is vested directly in the sovereigns by divine or natural right, and theories which assert it originates from the people. In the latter case there is a
4164:
By formal agreement between the Swiss government and the ICRC, Switzerland grants full sanctity of all ICRC property in Switzerland including its headquarters and archive, grants members and staff legal immunity, exempts the ICRC from all taxes and fees, guarantees the protected and duty-free
1947:
In regard to military occupation, international law prescribes the limits of the occupant's power. Occupation does not displace the sovereignty of the occupied state, though for the time being the occupant may exercise supreme governing authority. Nor does occupation effect any annexation or
801:
Often, these four aspects all appear together, but this is not necessarily the case – they are not affected by one another, and there are historical examples of states that were non-sovereign in one aspect while at the same time being sovereign in another of these aspects. According to
1654:, sovereignty means that a government possesses full control over affairs within a territorial or geographical area or limit. Determining whether a specific entity is sovereign is not an exact science, but often a matter of diplomatic dispute. There is usually an expectation that both
1725:, at the time the closest permanent equivalent to an UN-type general assembly; confirmed 1620. These sovereign rights were never deposed, only the territories were lost. Over 100 modern states maintain full diplomatic relations with the order, and the UN awarded it observer status.
1118:, the sovereign state emerged as a response to changes in international trade (forming coalitions that wanted sovereign states) so that the sovereign state's emergence was not inevitable; "it arose because of a particular conjuncture of social and political interests in Europe."
948:
Absolute: On this point, he said that the sovereign must be hedged in with obligations and conditions, must be able to legislate without his (or its) subjects' consent, must not be bound by the laws of his predecessors, and could not, because it is illogical, be bound by his own
1553:
themselves, expressed in the idea of the general will. This means that the power is elected and supported by its members, the authority has a central goal of the good of the people in mind. The idea of public sovereignty has often been the basis for modern democratic theory.
1313:, irrespective of anything legally accepted as such, usually in writing. Cooperation and respect of the populace; control of resources in, or moved into, an area; means of enforcement and security; and ability to carry out various functions of state all represent measures of
1567:
Within the modern governmental system, internal sovereignty is usually found in states that have public sovereignty and is rarely found within a state controlled by an internal sovereign. A form of government that is a little different from both is the UK parliament system.
1054:
Hobbes' hypothesis—that the ruler's sovereignty is contracted to him by the people in return for his maintaining their physical safety—led him to conclude that if and when the ruler fails, the people recover their ability to protect themselves by forming a new contract.
1892:
also refers to powers which a constituent state or republic possesses independently of the national government. In a confederation, constituent entities retain the right to withdraw from the national body and the union is often more temporary than a federation.
2252:
A republic is a form of government in which the people, or some significant portion of them, retain sovereignty over the government and where offices of state are not granted through heritage. A common modern definition of a republic is a government having a
1647:(Whose realm, his religion), leaving the Roman Catholic Church with little ability to interfere with the internal affairs of many European states. It is a myth, however, that the Treaties of Westphalia created a new European order of equal sovereign states.
1472:
1662:
sovereignty rest in the same organisation at the place and time of concern. Foreign governments use varied criteria and political considerations when deciding whether or not to recognise the sovereignty of a state over a territory. Membership in the
1074:'s theory of the origin of power), provides that the people are the legitimate sovereign. Rousseau considered sovereignty to be inalienable; he condemned the distinction between the origin and the exercise of sovereignty, a distinction upon which
1049:
Indivisible: The sovereign is the only final authority in his territory; he does not share final authority with any other entity. Hobbes held this to be true because otherwise there would be no way of resolving a disagreement between the multiple
917:
Sovereignty reemerged as a concept in the late 16th century, a time when civil wars had created a craving for a stronger central authority when monarchs had begun to gather power onto their own hands at the expense of the nobility, and the modern
982:
Despite his commitment to absolutism, Bodin held some moderate opinions on how government should in practice be carried out. He held that although the sovereign is not obliged to, it is advisable for him, as a practical expedient, to convene a
1682:
in 1929, a 59-year period during which it was recognised as sovereign by many (mostly Roman Catholic) states despite possessing no territory – a situation resolved when the Lateran Treaties granted the Holy See sovereignty over the
1267:
also described as the ultimate arbiter in all disputes on the territory. Specifically, the degree to which decisions made by a sovereign entity might be contradicted by another authority. Along these lines, the German sociologist
1498:) since their governments neither answer to a bigger state nor is their governance subjected to supervision. The sovereignty (i.e. legal right to govern) however, is disputed in both cases as the first entity is claimed by
1395:
independence long after acquiring sovereignty, such as in the case of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Additionally, independence can also be suspended when an entire region becomes subject to an occupation. For example, when
956:. He held that sovereignty must be perpetual because anyone with the power to enforce a time limit on the governing power must be above the governing power, which would be impossible if the governing power is absolute.
3534:
1916:. Depending on the particular issue, sometimes both northern and southern states justified their political positions by appealing to state sovereignty. Fearing that slavery would be threatened by results of the
1183:
European integration is the second form of post-world war change in the norms of sovereignty, representing a significant shift since member nations are no longer absolutely sovereign. Some theorists, such as
2425:
According to Matteo Laruffa "sovereignty resides in every public action and policy as the exercise of executive powers by institutions open to the participation of citizens to the decision-making processes"
1428:
and governed locally by their pro-Soviet functionaries. When in 1991 Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia re-enacted independence, it was done so on the basis of continuity directly from the pre-Soviet republics.
1046:
Absolute: because conditions could only be imposed on a sovereign if there were some outside arbitrator to determine when he had violated them, in which case the sovereign would not be the final authority.
991:
as a means of communicating with the people. Bodin believed that "the most divine, most excellent, and the state form most proper to royalty is governed partly aristocratically and partly democratically".
1948:
incorporation of the occupied territory into the territory or political structure of the occupant, and the occupant's constitution and laws do not extend of their own force to the occupied territory.
1791:
in many countries, including Belgium, France, Switzerland, Australia, Russia, South Korea, South Africa and the US, and soon in Ireland. The Committee is a private organisation governed by Swiss law.
2234:
further division into those which assert that the people effectively transfer their sovereignty to the sovereign (Hobbes), and those which assert that the people retain their sovereignty (Rousseau).
1803:
can be vested jointly in several persons within a state, the sovereign jurisdiction over a single political territory can be shared jointly by two or more consenting powers, notably in the form of a
683:
as well as external autonomy for states. In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the person, body or institution that has the ultimate authority over other people and to change existing laws. In
1993:
A number of modes for acquisition of sovereignty are presently or have historically been recognized in international law as lawful methods by which a state may acquire sovereignty over external
4165:
transfer of goods, services, and money, provides the ICRC with secure communication privileges at the same level as foreign embassies, and simplifies Committee travel in and out of Switzerland.
1944:
In situations related to war, or which have arisen as the result of war, most modern scholars still commonly fail to distinguish between holding sovereignty and exercising military occupation.
810:
Sovereignty is a hypothetical trade, in which two potentially (or really) conflicting sides, respecting de facto realities of power, exchange such recognitions as their least costly strategy.
4687:
Matteo Laruffa, "The European Integration and National Interests: from an intergovernmental model to a Constitutional Agreement" (Hungarian Academy of Social Sciences, Budapest, 3 July 2014)
2742:
In any state sovereignty is vested in the institution, person, or body having the ultimate authority to impose law on everyone else in the state and the power to alter any pre-existing law.
1667:
requires that "he admission of any such state to membership in the United Nations will be affected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council."
1765:
4065:
1604:"Sovereignty." A government which exercises de facto administrative control over a country and is not subordinate to any other government in that country or a foreign sovereign state.
2249:
had similar implications in China for the justification of the Emperor's rule, though it was largely replaced with discussions of Western-style sovereignty by the late 19th century.
1440:
which governed Poland from 1945 to 1989 is now seen to have been an illegal entity by the modern Polish administration. The post-1989 Polish state claims direct continuity from the
4171:
2328:
see sovereignty similarly to realists. However, rationalism states that the sovereignty of a nation-state may be violated in extreme circumstances, such as human rights abuses.
1709:
rights, in this way becoming the only "sovereign" territorial possessions of the modern Order), which is the last existing heir to one of several once militarily significant,
762:
The concept of sovereignty has had multiple conflicting components, varying definitions, and diverse and inconsistent applications throughout history. The current notion of
1997:. The classification of these modes originally derived from Roman property law and from the 15th and 16th century with the development of international law. The modes are:
1641:, even though the treaty itself reaffirmed the multiple levels of the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Empire. This resulted as a natural extension of the older principle of
1095:
880:
Ulpian was expressing the idea that the emperor exercised a rather absolute form of sovereignty that originated in the people, although he did not use the term expressly.
6775:
6728:
1168:
797:– there is no other authority in the state aside from the domestic sovereign (such other authorities might be e.g. a political organization or any other external agent).
750:– "over") meaning "chief", "ruler". Its spelling, which has varied since the word's first appearance in English in the 14th century, was influenced by the English word "
1280:
or republics) represent legal infringements on exclusivity. Social institutions such as religious bodies, corporations, and competing political parties might represent
7143:
1138:
argued that sovereignty had supremacy over constitutional and international constraints arguing that states as sovereigns could not be judged and punished. After the
1740:
were regarded as sovereign despite their territories being under foreign occupation; their governance resumed as soon as the occupation had ended. The government of
4882:
2718:
2590:
1444:
which ended in 1939. For other reasons, however, Poland maintains its communist-era outline as opposed to its pre-World War II shape which included areas now in
1164:
1670:
Sovereignty may be recognized even when the sovereign body possesses no territory or its territory is under partial or total occupation by another power. The
4479:
The secessionists claimed that according to the Constitution every state had the right to leave the Union. Lincoln claimed that they did not have that right.
2383:
talked of a kind of "antisovereignty". Therefore, anarchists join a classical conception of the individual as sovereign of himself, which forms the basis of
1476:
1160:
1175:
would have been regarded as illegitimate interference in internal affairs. In 2005, the revision of the concept of sovereignty was made explicit with the
5313:
1581:
in modern governments is a lot more common with examples like the US, Canada, Australia and India where the government is divided into different levels.
1142:, the vast majority of states rejected the prior Westphalian permissiveness towards such supremacist power based sovereignty formulations and signed the
659:
5672:
4466:
6795:
1599:
uses the following criterion when deciding under what conditions other states recognise a political entity as having sovereignty over some territory;
1412:). Alternatively, independence can be lost completely when sovereignty itself becomes the subject of dispute. The pre-World War II administrations of
1090:
are also key figures in the unfolding of the concept of sovereignty; their views differ with Rousseau and with Hobbes on this issue of alienability.
1004:, the idea of sovereignty gained both legal and moral force as the main Western description of the meaning and power of a State. In particular, the "
7138:
5857:
1917:
1784:
979:, the fundamental laws of the French monarchy which regulated matters such as succession, are natural laws and are binding on the French sovereign.
6903:
6898:
6893:
6825:
6465:
5767:
1491:
967:); natural law and divine law confer upon the sovereign the right to rule. And the sovereign is not above divine law or natural law. He is above (
5886:
3944:
3855:
2525:
7158:
1810:
Likewise the member states of international organizations may voluntarily bind themselves by treaty to a supranational organization, such as a
1192:
have attacked the legitimacy of the earlier concepts of sovereignty, with Maritain advocating that the concept be discarded entirely since it:
722:
sovereignty refers to the factual ability to do so. This can become an issue of special concern upon the failure of the usual expectation that
6768:
5874:
4818:
4712:
4069:
4023:
3546:
3501:
2728:
2685:
2600:
1850:
1842:
1143:
7163:
7153:
4726:. Columbia Studies in Political Thought / Political History. Translated by Cooper, Belinda (e-book ed.). Columbia University Press.
1540:
offered a first categorization of political authority and legitimacy with the categories of traditional, charismatic and legal-rational.
7148:
7001:
6991:
6575:
6485:
4168:
3975:
2022:
6918:
6908:
4875:
4351:
4318:
4264:
3838:
1968:
1815:
2300:
refers to a representative democracy where the parliament is ultimately sovereign, rather than the executive power or the judiciary.
7214:
7168:
6845:
4797:
4775:
4731:
4580:
4558:
4532:
4399:
4291:
4149:
4120:
4039:
3811:
3634:
3582:
3365:
3327:
3273:
3181:
3013:
2963:
2878:
2637:
1694:
1374:
1172:
527:
3785:
Newton, Kenneth. Foundations of comparative politics: democracies of the modern world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
2346:
deny the sovereignty of states and governments. Anarchists often argue for a specific individual kind of sovereignty, such as the
1853:
which resulted in the people of Scotland deciding to continue the pooling of its sovereignty with the rest of the United Kingdom.
1482:
At the opposite end of the scale, there is no dispute regarding the self-governance of certain self-proclaimed states such as the
987:
from whom he can obtain advice, to delegate some power to magistrates for the practical administration of the law, and to use the
6761:
6545:
4995:
1846:
1838:
1247:. A sovereign power has absolute sovereignty when it is not restricted by a constitution, by the laws of its predecessors, or by
133:
1437:
7209:
7068:
5501:
5352:
4674:
Beatrice Heuser: "Sovereignty, self-determination and security: new world orders in the 20th century", in Sohail Hashmi (ed.):
4082:
1804:
1569:
7130:
6885:
6702:
6555:
5441:
4375:
2466:
2186:
2169:
1925:
1521:
1356:
652:
522:
300:
148:
4136:
Chen, Dean P. (2024). "Xi Jinping and the Derailment of the KMT-CCP "1992 Consensus"". In Fang, Qiang; Li, Xiaobing (eds.).
2895:
6742:
6615:
5837:
4868:
2402:
2347:
2336:
1921:
1722:
1303:, or legal, sovereignty concerns the expressed and institutionally recognised right to exercise control over a territory.
1214:" from such transnational governance groups and agreements, restoring the world to pre World War II norms of sovereignty.
537:
806:, another fundamental feature of sovereignty is that it is a claim that must be recognized if it is to have any meaning:
6830:
6640:
6635:
6329:
5367:
5000:
4444:
3237:
1905:
1769:
1424:
maintained an exile existence (and considerable international recognition) whilst their territories were annexed by the
1352:
286:
118:
89:
31:
1156:
7011:
6655:
6650:
6435:
4840:
3263:
2331:
1952:
590:
1967:. Binding international rules regarding the conduct of military occupation were more carefully codified in the 1907
4854:
1865:
based on a common ethnicity, history and culture might seek to establish sovereignty over a region, thus creating a
7219:
7028:
6805:
5637:
5627:
5320:
4980:
3998:
2768:
2223:
2030:
2010:
1988:
1773:
1520:
Internal sovereignty is the relationship between sovereign power and the political community. A central concern is
123:
94:
5684:
5212:
3357:
3319:
2835:
2297:
1788:
1643:
1577:
1176:
1146:
in 1948. It was the first step towards circumscription of the powers of sovereign nations, soon followed by the
1008:" as a mechanism for establishing sovereignty was suggested and, by 1800, widely accepted, especially in the new
645:
250:
4203:
Condominium Arrangements in International Practice: Reviving an Abandoned Concept of Boundary Dispute Resolution
1432:
Another complicated sovereignty scenario can arise when regime itself is the subject of dispute. In the case of
1032:(1651) put forward a conception of sovereignty similar to Bodin's, which had just achieved legal status in the "
7021:
6525:
2271:
2104:
1714:
1079:
903:. Furthermore, both were strongly constrained by custom. Sovereignty existed during the Medieval period as the
365:
255:
4458:
860:
Cum lege regia, quae de imperio eius lata est, populus ei et in eum omne suum imperium et potestatem conferat
7194:
7006:
6784:
6505:
6425:
6239:
5842:
5431:
5342:
4141:
2840:
2491:
2384:
2137:
1705:) and the second inside the Italian capital (since in 1869 the Palazzo di Malta and the Villa Malta receive
1638:
1391:, however, sovereignty can be transferred as a legal right whereas independence cannot. A state can achieve
1345:
1075:
1028:
927:
793:
295:
49:
5832:
5812:
5699:
5662:
5332:
4960:
4611:
2325:
1787:
is commonly mistaken to be sovereign. It has been granted various degrees of special privileges and legal
1595:
External sovereignty concerns the relationship between sovereign power and other states. For example, the
1441:
692:
532:
474:
420:
5752:
4810:
Mercenaries, pirates, and sovereigns: state-building and extraterritorial violence in early modern Europe
952:
Perpetual: Not temporarily delegated as to a strong leader in an emergency or a state employee such as a
5986:
5941:
5347:
2530:
2418:
2242:
1951:
To a large extent, the original academic foundation for the concept of "military occupation" arose from
1525:
1063:
1017:
352:
185:
5802:
3952:
3863:
3830:
Illegal Annexation and State Continuity: The Case of the Incorporation of the Baltic States by the USSR
3663:
1317:
sovereignty. When control is practiced predominantly by the military or police force it is considered
7245:
7184:
7098:
6835:
6495:
6375:
6144:
5966:
5951:
5792:
5719:
5411:
5372:
5357:
4891:
2476:
2309:
2142:
1885:
1626:
1619:
1273:
1189:
1001:
988:
803:
462:
333:
323:
308:
235:
153:
3382:
896:
sovereign, at least not strongly so, because they were constrained by, and shared power with, their
7108:
7103:
6966:
6685:
6600:
6565:
6535:
6455:
5981:
5921:
5729:
5242:
5162:
3625:
Minakov, Mikhail (2022). "Sovereignty as a Contested Concept: The Cases of Trumpism and Putinism".
2371:
2262:
2052:
1909:
1834:
1729:
1630:
1573:
1533:
1515:
1409:
1147:
1071:
1067:
1033:
900:
574:
484:
338:
240:
190:
128:
4254:
3465:
1618:
External sovereignty is connected with questions of international law – such as when, if ever, is
7250:
6939:
6697:
6692:
6675:
6670:
6139:
5647:
5584:
4439:
4235:
3768:
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2180:
2161:
2132:
1964:
1960:
1913:
1862:
1822:
1702:
1562:
1483:
1131:
963:
Bodin rejected the notion of transference of sovereignty from people to the ruler (also known as
767:
612:
205:
6129:
4524:
4343:
1572:
argued that sovereignty in the UK was vested neither in the Crown nor in the people but in the "
4110:
3429:
3042:"The New United Nations Politics of Peace: From Juridical Sovereignty to Empirical Sovereignty"
3005:
2763:
7204:
7073:
7038:
6981:
6949:
6866:
6660:
6605:
6445:
6234:
6124:
5896:
5822:
5797:
5714:
5599:
5401:
4814:
4793:
4771:
4727:
4708:
4576:
4554:
4528:
4395:
4389:
4371:
4347:
4314:
4287:
4281:
4260:
4145:
4116:
4019:
3983:
3834:
3807:
3630:
3578:
3542:
3497:
3361:
3323:
3269:
3210:
3177:
3138:
3061:
3009:
2959:
2915:
2874:
2724:
2681:
2633:
2596:
2563:
2481:
2471:
2443:
2392:
2319:
2246:
2238:
2155:
1897:
1811:
1761:
1753:
1651:
1524:: by what right does a government exercise authority? Claims of legitimacy might refer to the
1408:
by any country, so sovereignty over it had not been claimed by any foreign state (despite the
1252:
1244:
1211:
931:
703:
607:
281:
143:
138:
99:
72:
4741:
4308:
4188:
3801:
2980:
2848:
730:
sovereignty exist at the place and time of concern, and reside within the same organization.
7224:
7093:
7016:
6665:
6595:
6365:
6284:
6279:
6269:
6204:
6179:
6114:
6104:
6074:
6054:
6044:
5911:
5906:
5864:
5807:
5604:
5287:
5282:
5257:
5202:
5177:
4742:
The Right to Dominate: How Old Ideas About Sovereignty Pose New Challenges for World Order."
4227:
3760:
3725:
3678:
3489:
3414:
3130:
3053:
2907:
2868:
2673:
2376:
2351:
2313:
2267:
2078:
2034:
is the acquisition of territory through natural processes like river accretion or volcanism;
1975:
1929:
1882:
1737:
1706:
1679:
1634:
1401:
1185:
1151:
international organization endorsed a political or military action. Previously, actions in
1121:
Once states are recognized as sovereign, they are rarely recolonized, merged, or dissolved.
941:
684:
557:
313:
167:
39:
960:
The treatise is frequently viewed as the first European text theorizing state sovereignty.
7053:
7048:
7043:
6961:
6722:
6395:
6314:
6274:
6244:
6229:
6194:
6189:
6159:
6134:
6119:
6094:
6079:
6014:
5991:
5976:
5961:
5946:
5817:
5772:
5757:
5747:
5569:
5564:
5421:
5416:
5396:
5384:
4785:
4763:
4415:
4256:
Understanding British and European political issues : a guide for A2 politics studies
4175:
4094:
3703:
2456:
2451:
2380:
2335:
the state whose citizens they are and that the respect for state sovereignty on which the
2291:
2127:
1933:
1920:, eleven slave states declared their independence from the federal Union and formed a new
1870:
1590:
1529:
1277:
1230:
1059:
1005:
930:, presented theories of sovereignty calling for a strong central authority in the form of
889:
763:
635:
617:
442:
427:
4218:
Peterson, John (1997). "The European Union: Pooled Sovereignty, Divided Accountability".
4043:
3915:
3886:
3462:"A society of states: Or, Sovereignty, independence, and equality in a league of nations"
1721:(princes of the Holy Roman Empire) by the Holy Roman Emperor, granting them seats in the
3664:"Populism, Sovereigntism, and the Unlikely Re-Emergence of the Territorial Nation-State"
3461:
2040:
is the process by which new land is (re)claimed from the sea such as in the Netherlands.
6850:
6712:
6620:
6610:
6339:
6214:
6199:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6109:
6084:
6039:
6019:
5881:
5852:
5827:
5782:
5762:
5724:
5679:
5559:
5549:
5406:
5237:
5050:
4517:
4336:
3408:
2998:
2829:
2813:
2486:
2406:
2355:
2343:
1830:
1733:
1718:
1710:
1664:
1596:
1449:
1115:
766:
contains four aspects: territory, population, authority and recognition. According to
707:
680:
513:
432:
386:
328:
4835:
3806:. Oxford Monographs in International Law Series. Oxford University Press. p. 50.
3289:
630:
7239:
6645:
6475:
6385:
6334:
6304:
6294:
6224:
6219:
6209:
6069:
6059:
6049:
6024:
5891:
5869:
5787:
5694:
5667:
5652:
5594:
5277:
4650:
4239:
4206:
3772:
3737:
3690:
3519:
3158:
3057:
2935:
2703:
2519:
2254:
2015:
1901:
1826:
1800:
1757:
1207:
1023:
1009:
892:, but sovereignty was an important concept in medieval times. Medieval monarchs were
855:
437:
415:
390:
220:
44:
3996:
Andreas Osiander, "Sovereignty, International Relations, and the Westphalian Myth",
3575:
An Analysis of Seyla Benhabib's The Rights of Others: Aliens, Residents and Citizens
2354:, for instance, talked of "anarcho-monarchist" (as usual for him, tongue in cheek);
2322:
view sovereignty as being untouchable and as guaranteed to legitimate nation-states.
1473:
Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
1058:
Hobbes's theories decisively shape the concept of sovereignty through the medium of
940:("Six Books of the Republic") Bodin argued that it is inherent in the nature of the
7113:
7033:
6986:
6625:
6309:
6299:
6289:
6154:
6149:
6089:
6064:
6034:
6029:
5936:
5931:
5777:
5657:
5391:
5327:
5197:
5187:
5182:
5101:
5091:
5035:
4925:
2651:
Claims to supreme authority have long been encoded in Sovereignty as symbolic form.
2496:
2207:
2044:
1956:
1866:
1684:
1675:
1495:
1425:
1388:
1264:
1248:
1135:
1100:
972:
919:
837:
777:– actual control over a state exercised by an authority organized within this state
739:
200:
4625:
4391:
The UK Regional–National Economic Problem: Geography, globalisation and governance
2006:
is the transfer of territory from one state to another usually by means of treaty;
4808:
4751:
4702:
4570:
4548:
4310:
Sovereignty and the law : domestic, European, and international perspectives
4096:
Observer status for the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in the General Assembly
4013:
3828:
3577:(e-book ed.). London: Routledge- Taylor & Francis Group. p. 11,21.
2953:
2627:
1928:
as rebellion, declaring that secession from the Union by an individual state was
7199:
7058:
6971:
6956:
6871:
6324:
6319:
6254:
6249:
6099:
5971:
5926:
5916:
5709:
5704:
5642:
5579:
5362:
5337:
5262:
5222:
5192:
5167:
5147:
5126:
5106:
5086:
5076:
4910:
4606:
2413:
2366:
2275:
2065:
1689:
1334:
1206:
Efforts to curtail absolute sovereignty have met with substantial resistance by
1087:
469:
372:
360:
225:
4492:
1471:
Additionally sovereignty can be achieved without independence, such as how the
7083:
6707:
6515:
6415:
6264:
6184:
5956:
5847:
5689:
5632:
5609:
5574:
5523:
5513:
5481:
5426:
5252:
5232:
5157:
5121:
5025:
5010:
4935:
3764:
3751:
Núñez, Jorge Emilio (2015). "of Absolute State Sovereignty: The Middle Ages".
3729:
3682:
3134:
2808:
2501:
2433:
2360:
2283:
2245:
was an important competing justification for the exercise of sovereignty. The
1772:
until 1971, when the People's Republic of China obtained the UN seat. The ROC
1698:
1487:
1152:
1083:
953:
936:
923:
594:
584:
579:
318:
180:
62:
3214:
3142:
3119:"Sovereignty and Underdevelopment: Juridical Statehood in the African Crisis"
3065:
2919:
2567:
1263:
A key element of sovereignty in a legalistic sense is that of exclusivity of
7189:
6944:
6405:
6344:
5901:
5544:
5471:
5456:
5377:
5297:
5292:
5217:
5172:
5152:
5131:
5116:
5096:
5081:
4945:
4905:
4849:
4231:
2388:
2282:). Many representative democracies provide limited direct democracy through
2279:
1994:
1549:
1537:
1453:
1417:
1269:
1139:
897:
695:
676:
479:
377:
260:
215:
195:
3511:
3483:
2695:
2667:
1251:, and no areas of law or policy are reserved as being outside its control.
6753:
4704:
A Search for Sovereignty: Law and Geography in European Empires, 1400–1900
4283:
British government and politics balancing Europeanization and independence
2278:
or an executive (or to some combination of the legislature, executive and
1629:, a European religious conflict that embroiled much of the continent, the
17:
6996:
6934:
6913:
6680:
6259:
5996:
5589:
5554:
5528:
5508:
5461:
5272:
5227:
5111:
5015:
5005:
4970:
4940:
4066:"Bilateral diplomatic relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta"
2461:
2088:
1671:
1457:
1310:
1305:
850:
718:
602:
562:
245:
230:
210:
79:
4770:. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire New York, N.Y: Palgrave Macmillan.
4572:
Recentering the World: China and the Transformation of International Law
3535:"Contested sovereignty: the social construction of colonial imperialism"
3493:
3222:
3198:
3073:
3041:
2979:
Biersteker, Thomas J., ed. (2013). "State, sovereignty, and territory".
2677:
2575:
2550:
6717:
6630:
5518:
5486:
5476:
5247:
5207:
5040:
4965:
4950:
4930:
4860:
4523:. International politics/Public international law. Routledge. pp.
3199:"Explaining the Post-Cold War Order: An International Society Approach"
2927:
2632:. Critical Issues in Global Politics. New York: Routledge. p. 16.
2274:
permits a transfer of the exercise of sovereignty from the people to a
2002:
1633:
in 1648 established the notion of territorial sovereignty as a norm of
1503:
1465:
1461:
1445:
1421:
1405:
1359: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1299:
905:
712:
517:
175:
58:
3485:
The Sovereign State and Its Competitors: An Analysis of Systems Change
3150:
3118:
2669:
The Sovereign State and Its Competitors: An Analysis of Systems Change
7088:
6976:
5466:
5267:
5055:
5030:
5020:
4990:
4975:
3627:
Inventing Majorities: Ideological Creativity in Post-Soviet Societies
1777:
1776:
as a state became increasingly disputed; it became commonly known as
1741:
1499:
1433:
1413:
1013:
984:
841:
699:
567:
509:
407:
4676:
State Sovereignty: Change and Persistence in International Relations
3716:
Núñez, Jorge Emilio (2014). "About the Absolute State Sovereignty".
3533:
Strang, David (1996), Weber, Cynthia; Biersteker, Thomas J. (eds.),
2911:
2870:
Problematic Sovereignty: Contested Rules and Political Possibilities
1760:
from 1911 to 1971 despite the 1949 victory of the Communists in the
4724:
Sovereignty: The Origin and Future of a Political and Legal Concept
2518: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2387:. The unified consciousness is sovereignty over one's own body, as
2026:
is the effective control of territory of another acquiescing state;
7063:
6820:
5496:
4985:
4920:
4338:
Identity and institutions: conflict reduction in divided societies
2150:
2070:
1814:. In the case of the European Union member-states, this is called
1464:
but did not include some of its western regions that were then in
1099:(1762) deals with sovereignty and its rights. Sovereignty, or the
751:
54:
38:
1233:(30-03-1858 – 07-10-1919), an authority on international law
6840:
5491:
4915:
2270:
the public plays an active role in shaping and deciding policy.
2074:
1749:
1397:
815:
in parts of Europe were allowed to engage in private rights and
688:
6757:
4864:
3706:, International Law 66 (Sir Arnold D. McNair ed., 4th ed. 1928)
1979:
regarded as being declaratory of the laws and customs of war."
7120:
5060:
4955:
4015:
Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference
1752:
occupation of its country during 1990–1991. The government of
1732:
of many European states (for instance, Norway, Netherlands or
1328:
1038:
3488:. Vol. 176. Princeton University Press. pp. 18–19.
2014:
is the acquisition of territory that belongs to no state (or
1697:, the third sovereign entity inside Italian territory (after
1479:
a sovereign entity within but not independent from the USSR.
53:(1651), depicting the Sovereign as a massive body wielding a
770:, the term could also be understood in four different ways:
4307:
Rawlings, Richard; Leyland, Peter; Young, Alison L (2013).
3174:
Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance
2672:. Vol. 176. Princeton University Press. pp. 3–7.
2216: restrictions on national jurisdiction and sovereignty
1932:, as the states were part of an indissoluble federation in
1674:
was in this position between the annexation in 1870 of the
4550:
The Sleeping Sovereign: The Invention of Modern Democracy
4115:. Vol. 4. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1559.
1196:
stands in the way of international law and a world state,
2058:
1821:
Another example of shared and pooled sovereignty is the
1387:
State sovereignty is sometimes viewed synonymously with
3596:
3594:
2339:
is founded is an obstacle to humanitarian intervention.
783:– actual control of movement across the state's borders
4112:
The Greenwood Encyclopedia of International Relations
3035:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3025:
1622:
by one country into another's territory permissible?
4792:. Exeter, UK Charlottesville, VA: Imprint Academic.
4678:(Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press, 1997).
4286:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 134.
4189:"About the International Committee of the Red Cross"
3437:. Jonathan Bennett – via earlymoderntexts.com.
1873:
rather than as fully sovereign, independent states.
1243:
An important factor of sovereignty is its degree of
7177:
7129:
6927:
6884:
6859:
6813:
6804:
6588:
6357:
6005:
5738:
5618:
5537:
5449:
5440:
5306:
5140:
5069:
4898:
4519:
Akehurst's Modern Introduction to International Law
3671:
Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences
4516:
4335:
4207:https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol29/iss4/3
2997:
2828:
2589:Law, Jonathan, ed. (21 June 2018). "Sovereignty".
2549:
1096:Du Contrat Social, ou Principes du droit politique
4205:, 29 Mich. J. Int'l L. 727 (2008). Available at:
4018:. Princeton University Press. pp. 182, 219.
1756:(ROC) was generally recognized as sovereign over
1202:obstructs the democratic notion of accountability
4758:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
2551:"Sovereignty: An Introduction and Brief History"
2417:deference to either the good of the whole or to
2060:Limits of national jurisdiction and sovereignty
872:A decision by the emperor has the force of law.
716:sovereignty refers to the legal right to do so;
4768:Sovereignties: contemporary theory and practice
4491:United States Court of Berlin (14 March 1979),
3803:Recognition of Governments in International Law
1613:, A.C. 256), Stroud's Judicial Dictionary
1602:
1222:
1199:internally results in centralism, not pluralism
808:
6826:Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)
4575:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32, 52, 63.
3407:Cole, G.D.H.; Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (2018) .
789:– formal recognition by other sovereign states
6769:
4876:
4334:Jesse, Neal G.; Williams, Kristen P. (2005).
3354:One and All: The Logic of Chinese Sovereignty
3316:One and All: The Logic of Chinese Sovereignty
3176:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–10.
3117:Jackson, Robert H.; Rosberg, Carl G. (1986).
1861:A community of people who claim the right of
1210:movements in multiple countries who seek to "
653:
8:
5382:
4259:. Manchester University Press. p. 207.
3464:. G. Routledge & sons, Limited. p.
2873:. Columbia University Press. pp. 6–12.
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
1924:. The United States government rejected the
1477:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
706:, sovereignty is the exercise of power by a
5318:
3470:there is no law without a sovereign Seydel.
2952:Biersteker, Thomas; Weber, Cynthia (1996).
1869:. Such nations are sometimes recognised as
1717:. In 1607 its Grand masters were also made
1272:proposed that sovereignty is a community's
1093:The second book of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's
6810:
6776:
6762:
6754:
5446:
4883:
4869:
4861:
4722:Grimm, Dieter (2015). Howard, Dick (ed.).
3541:, Cambridge University Press, p. 25,
2862:
2860:
2858:
2614:sovereignty Supreme authority in a state.
1637:in the affairs of other states, so-called
874:Quod principi placuit legis habet vigorem.
660:
646:
67:
6841:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
4342:. State Univ. of New York Press. p.
4012:Burbank, Jane; Cooper, Frederick (2010).
4002:Vol. 55 No. 2 (Spring 2001), pp. 251–287.
3795:
3793:
3791:
3629:. Stuttgart: ibidem-Verlag. p. 286.
3460:Stallybrass, William Teulon Swan (1918).
2723:. Oxford University Press. 21 June 2018.
1976:Nuremberg International Military Tribunal
1576:". This is the origin of the doctrine of
1375:Learn how and when to remove this message
926:, partly in reaction to the chaos of the
679:. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within a
4169:does not recognize ICRC issued passports
4138:China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment
3600:
3238:"1 Sovereignty in International Society"
1785:International Committee of the Red Cross
6846:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
6466:Reflections on the Revolution in France
4313:. Oxford University Press. p. 28.
2540:
2316:consider every individual as sovereign.
1492:List of states with limited recognition
1274:monopoly on the legitimate use of force
78:
4553:. Cambridge University Press. p. 100.
4469:from the original on 16 September 2020
3916:"War, Peace, and Internal Sovereignty"
3887:"War, Peace, and Internal Sovereignty"
3833:. M. Nijhoff Publishers. p. 193.
3612:
3573:Ozcelik, Burcu; Xidias, Jason (2017).
2867:Krasner, Professor Stephen D. (2001).
1971:(and accompanying Hague Regulations).
1940:Sovereignty versus military occupation
4370:(London: Routledge, 3rd edn., 2002),
3649:
3560:
3539:State Sovereignty as Social Construct
3123:The Journal of Modern African Studies
3089:Coercion, Capital and European States
2955:State Sovereignty as Social Construct
2947:
2945:
2260:Democracy is based on the concept of
2222: international jurisdiction per
2148:
1851:2014 Scottish independence referendum
1400:was overrun by foreign forces in the
1144:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
7:
3982:. Palgrave Macmillan. Archived from
3951:. Palgrave Macmillan. Archived from
3862:. Palgrave Macmillan. Archived from
3203:International Journal on World Peace
2849:participating institution membership
2661:
2659:
2534:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1904:, as it related to the expansion of
1357:adding citations to reliable sources
738:The term arises from the unattested
675:can generally be defined as supreme
27:Supreme authority within a territory
6576:The End of History and the Last Man
6486:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
4756:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3387:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3262:Hinsley, F. H. (20 November 1986).
2982:Handbook of international relations
6919:International relations since 1989
6909:Diplomatic history of World War II
6831:International Criminal Court (ICC)
3410:The Social Contract and Discourses
2524:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
1591:Sovereign state § Recognition
888:Ulpian's statements were known in
865:The laws do not bind the emperor.
25:
7215:International political sociology
3753:International Journal for the Law
3342:Bodin, Six livres, 6:254 (VI:vi).
3004:. Duke University Press. p.
2900:American Political Science Review
1695:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
848:The people transferred all their
528:Biology and political orientation
6546:The Open Society and Its Enemies
4848:
4834:
4569:Mitchell, Ryan MartĂnez (2022).
3428:Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (2017) .
3413:. Project Gutenberg – via
3058:10.1163/19426720-001-01-90000007
2556:Journal of International Affairs
2513:
2436:
2397:Nietzsche and the Vicious Circle
2348:Anarch as a sovereign individual
1847:Government of the United Kingdom
1839:devolution in the United Kingdom
1678:by Italy and the signing of the
1333:
909:rights of nobility and royalty.
746:(itself a derived form of Latin
629:
7210:International political economy
5353:Family as a model for the state
4790:Sovereignty: history and theory
4083:United Nations General Assembly
3236:Zaum, Dominik (February 2007).
2119:Exclusive Economic Zone surface
1344:needs additional citations for
937:Les Six Livres de la RĂ©publique
787:International legal sovereignty
6703:Separation of church and state
6601:Collectivism and individualism
6556:The Origins of Totalitarianism
4813:. Princeton University Press.
4707:. Cambridge University Press.
4448:, (1988) pp. 40, 195, 214, 241
4167:On the other hand Switzerland
3381:Philpott, Daniel (Fall 2020).
2996:Wallerstein, Immanuel (2004).
2958:. Cambridge University Press.
2626:Bartelson, Jens (9 May 2014).
2467:Islamic concept of sovereignty
1309:sovereignty means sovereignty
1284:infringements on exclusivity.
523:Theories of political behavior
149:Political history of the world
1:
6743:Category:Political philosophy
6616:Critique of political economy
4839:The dictionary definition of
4497:, United Settlement (Canada).
3914:Wolford, Scott; Rider, Toby.
3885:Wolford, Scott; Rider, Toby.
3718:International Journal for Law
2403:sovereignty of the individual
2177:Continental shelf underground
2122:international waters surface
1912:, led to the outbreak of the
1896:Different interpretations of
1125:Post World War II world order
1066:'s (1712–1778) definition of
538:Critique of political economy
7178:Related fields and subfields
6641:Institutional discrimination
6636:History of political thought
5368:Negative and positive rights
2896:"The Problem of Sovereignty"
2629:Sovereignty as Symbolic Form
1766:retreat of the ROC to Taiwan
1325:Sovereignty and independence
867:Princeps legibus solutus est
119:Outline of political science
32:Sovereignty (disambiguation)
6651:Justification for the state
6436:Two Treatises of Government
4807:Thomson, Janice E. (1996).
4280:Mannin, Michael L. (2010).
2894:Korff, Baron S. A. (1923).
2595:. Oxford University Press.
2363:: Or, The Crowned Anarchist
2237:During the brief period of
2093:territorial waters airspace
1953:On the Law of War and Peace
1770:China at the United Nations
1744:was in a similar situation
1557:Modern internal sovereignty
1438:People's Republic of Poland
1070:(with early antecedents in
781:Interdependence sovereignty
7267:
7220:Peace and conflict studies
6836:Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
5321:Bellum omnium contra omnes
4745:International Organization
4394:. Routledge. p. 372.
3999:International Organization
3662:Kallis, Aristotle (2018).
3197:Pietrzyk, Mark E. (2001).
2224:common heritage of mankind
2181:extended continental shelf
2162:extended continental shelf
2113:territorial waters surface
1989:Acquisition of sovereignty
1986:
1918:1860 presidential election
1837:, created in 1998 through
1588:
1560:
1513:
1153:Yugoslavia, Bosnia, Kosovo
944:that sovereignty must be:
124:Index of politics articles
29:
6791:
6738:
4515:Malanczuk, Peter (1997).
4253:McNaughton, Neil (2003).
4109:Nolan, Cathal J. (2002).
3765:10.1007/s11196-014-9379-4
3730:10.1007/s11196-013-9333-x
3683:10.1007/s40647-018-0233-z
3358:Stanford University Press
3320:Stanford University Press
3135:10.1017/S0022278X0000673X
3040:Barnett, Michael (1995).
2985:. Sage. pp. 245–272.
2836:Oxford English Dictionary
2814:Dictionary.com Unabridged
2548:Philpott, Daniel (1995).
2298:Parliamentary sovereignty
2197:
2193:
2176:
2166:
2154:
2141:
2136:
2126:
2121:
2098:
2086:
2064:
1644:cuius regio, eius religio
1578:parliamentary sovereignty
1177:Responsibility to Protect
691:term designating supreme
6526:The Revolt of the Masses
3482:Spruyt, Hendrik (1994).
3172:North, Douglass (1990).
2764:"sovereignty (politics)"
2666:Spruyt, Hendrik (1994).
2272:Representative democracy
2096:contiguous zone airspace
1902:United States of America
1080:representative democracy
7195:Foreign policy analysis
7007:International community
6785:International relations
6506:The Communist Manifesto
5432:Tyranny of the majority
5343:Consent of the governed
4701:Benton, Lauren (2010).
4594:Encyclopædia Britannica
4420:Encyclopædia Britannica
4388:McCann, Philip (2016).
4232:10.1111/1467-9248.00096
4142:Leiden University Press
3827:Mälksoo, Lauri (2003).
3800:Talmon, Stefan (1998).
3450:, Book II, Chapter III.
2841:Oxford University Press
2769:Encyclopædia Britannica
2492:Self-sovereign identity
2391:demonstrated (see also
2385:political consciousness
2138:Exclusive economic zone
2116:contiguous zone surface
2110:internal waters surface
2099:international airspace
1639:Westphalian sovereignty
1494:, but most of them are
1076:constitutional monarchy
934:. In his 1576 treatise
928:French wars of religion
794:Westphalian sovereignty
533:Political organisations
296:International relations
134:Politics by subdivision
5383:
5333:Clash of civilizations
5319:
4853:Quotations related to
4750:Philpott, Dan (2016).
4615:(1748), Bk. II, ch. 1.
4612:The Spirit of the Laws
4547:Tuck, Richard (2016).
4459:"Lincoln on Secession"
3352:Laikwan, Pang (2024).
3314:Laikwan, Pang (2024).
3294:www.tititudorancea.com
3000:World-Systems Analysis
2257:who is not a monarch.
1799:Just as the office of
1768:. The ROC represented
1606:
1442:Second Polish Republic
1227:
812:
65:
5348:Divine right of kings
4463:National Park Service
4445:Battle Cry of Freedom
4368:A History of Scotland
4085: Session 48
4040:"UN Chart, Article 2"
2531:Catholic Encyclopedia
2243:divine right of kings
1561:Further information:
1526:divine right of kings
1514:Further information:
1064:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
613:Political campaigning
353:Public administration
186:Collective leadership
61:and composed of many
42:
7185:Comparative politics
6496:Democracy in America
5875:political philosophy
5858:political philosophy
5673:political philosophy
5502:political philosophy
5412:Separation of powers
5373:Night-watchman state
5358:Monopoly on violence
4892:Political philosophy
3104:Comparative Politics
2477:National sovereignty
2342:Anarchists and some
2206: full national
2187:international seabed
2170:international seabed
2143:international waters
2031:Operations of nature
1886:system of government
1816:"pooled sovereignty"
1730:governments-in-exile
1404:, Iraq had not been
1353:improve this article
1319:coercive sovereignty
1218:Definition and types
1190:Bertrand de Jouvenel
1020:to a lesser extent.
1002:Age of Enlightenment
996:Age of Enlightenment
804:Immanuel Wallerstein
775:Domestic sovereignty
463:Separation of powers
334:Political psychology
309:Comparative politics
287:political scientists
274:Academic disciplines
154:Political philosophy
43:The frontispiece of
30:For other uses, see
6967:Collective security
6851:United Nations (UN)
6686:Right-wing politics
6566:A Theory of Justice
6536:The Road to Serfdom
6456:The Social Contract
5163:Christian democracy
4740:Paris, R. (2020). "
4174:10 May 2011 at the
4072:on 3 December 2015.
3986:on 20 January 2012.
3955:on 24 December 2011
3866:on 24 December 2011
3494:10.2307/j.ctvzxx91t
3431:The Social Contract
2839:(Online ed.).
2793:Collins' Dictionary
2720:A Dictionary of Law
2678:10.2307/j.ctvzxx91t
2592:A Dictionary of Law
2372:The Ego and Its Own
2263:popular sovereignty
2239:absolute monarchies
2081:, and their orbits)
2061:
1910:fugitive slave laws
1835:Scottish Government
1631:Peace of Westphalia
1611:The Arantzazu Mendi
1574:Queen-in-Parliament
1534:popular sovereignty
1516:Free state (polity)
1410:facts on the ground
1148:Genocide Convention
1068:popular sovereignty
1034:Peace of Westphalia
971:not bound by) only
687:, sovereignty is a
636:Politics portal
485:Election commission
456:Government branches
339:Political sociology
191:Confessional system
129:Politics by country
6698:Political violence
6693:Political theology
6676:Left-wing politics
6671:Political spectrum
4191:. 29 October 2010.
4046:on 8 December 2013
3976:"Political Theory"
3945:"Political Theory"
3856:"Political Theory"
2310:Classical liberals
2133:territorial waters
2059:
1965:Emmerich de Vattel
1961:The Law of Nations
1914:American Civil War
1863:self-determination
1825:which created the
1823:Acts of Union 1707
1703:Vatican City State
1563:Tribal sovereignty
1502:and the second by
1484:Republic of Kosovo
1311:exists in practice
1132:National Socialist
768:Stephen D. Krasner
319:Political analysis
251:Semi-parliamentary
66:
7233:
7232:
7205:International law
7074:Right of conquest
7039:National interest
6982:Deterrence theory
6880:
6879:
6867:League of Nations
6751:
6750:
6661:Philosophy of law
6606:Conflict theories
6446:The Spirit of Law
6353:
6352:
5402:Original position
4820:978-0-691-02571-1
4714:978-0-521-88105-0
4465:. 10 April 2015.
4220:Political Studies
4201:Joel H. Samuels,
4098: A/RES/48/265
4025:978-0-691-12708-8
3974:Heywood, Andrew.
3943:Heywood, Andrew.
3854:Heywood, Andrew.
3652:, pp. 50–56.
3548:978-0-521-56599-8
3503:978-0-691-03356-3
3106:. pp. 33–42.
3091:. pp. 67–95.
3046:Global Governance
2847:(Subscription or
2730:978-0-19-880252-5
2687:978-0-691-03356-3
2602:978-0-19-880252-5
2482:Plenary authority
2472:Mandate of Heaven
2444:Philosophy portal
2393:Pierre Klossowski
2332:Internationalists
2247:Mandate of Heaven
2201:
2200:
2156:Continental shelf
2082:
2069:(including Earth
1898:state sovereignty
1829:now known as the
1812:continental union
1795:Shared and pooled
1762:Chinese civil war
1754:Republic of China
1652:international law
1627:Thirty Years' War
1385:
1384:
1377:
1253:International law
1212:take back control
1106:Rousseau, in the
1016:, though also in
932:absolute monarchy
854:and power to the
764:state sovereignty
704:international law
670:
669:
618:Political parties
558:Electoral systems
282:Political science
256:Semi-presidential
168:Political systems
144:Political history
139:Political economy
63:individual people
16:(Redirected from
7258:
7225:Security studies
7017:Internationality
7012:Internationalism
6811:
6778:
6771:
6764:
6755:
6666:Political ethics
6656:Machiavellianism
6596:Authoritarianism
6581:
6571:
6561:
6551:
6541:
6531:
6521:
6511:
6501:
6491:
6481:
6471:
6461:
6451:
6441:
6431:
6421:
6411:
6401:
6391:
6381:
6371:
5447:
5388:
5324:
5314:Balance of power
5288:Social democracy
5283:Social Darwinism
5258:Multiculturalism
5203:Environmentalism
5178:Communitarianism
4885:
4878:
4871:
4862:
4852:
4838:
4824:
4803:
4786:Prokhovnik, Raia
4781:
4764:Prokhovnik, Raia
4759:
4737:
4718:
4688:
4685:
4679:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4622:
4616:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4589:
4583:
4567:
4561:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4522:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4474:
4455:
4449:
4440:McPherson, James
4437:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4385:
4379:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4341:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4215:
4209:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4185:
4179:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4106:
4100:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4068:. Archived from
4062:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4042:. Archived from
4036:
4030:
4029:
4009:
4003:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3920:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3891:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3797:
3786:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3713:
3707:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3668:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3622:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3598:
3589:
3588:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3415:Internet Archive
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3356:. Stanford, CA:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3318:. Stanford, CA:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3102:Samuels, David.
3099:
3093:
3092:
3087:Tilly, Charles.
3084:
3078:
3077:
3037:
3020:
3019:
3003:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2949:
2940:
2939:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2864:
2853:
2852:
2844:
2832:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2760:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2737:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2663:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2646:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2553:
2545:
2535:
2517:
2516:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2377:Georges Bataille
2314:John Stuart Mill
2276:legislative body
2268:direct democracy
2221:
2215:
2205:
2079:celestial bodies
2068:
2062:
1969:Hague Convention
1930:unconstitutional
1871:autonomous areas
1843:negotiated terms
1774:political status
1738:Second World War
1707:extraterritorial
1687:. Another case,
1680:Lateran Treaties
1614:
1402:Iraq War of 2003
1380:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1337:
1329:
1278:federated states
1234:
1186:Jacques Maritain
1072:Francisco Suárez
685:political theory
662:
655:
648:
634:
633:
424:
369:
324:Political theory
314:Election science
304:
290:
68:
21:
7266:
7265:
7261:
7260:
7259:
7257:
7256:
7255:
7236:
7235:
7234:
7229:
7173:
7164:Postcolonialism
7125:
7054:Non-state actor
7049:Non-belligerent
7044:Neutral country
7029:Interventionism
6962:Co-belligerence
6923:
6876:
6855:
6800:
6787:
6782:
6752:
6747:
6734:
6723:Totalitarianism
6584:
6579:
6569:
6559:
6549:
6539:
6529:
6519:
6509:
6499:
6489:
6479:
6469:
6459:
6449:
6439:
6429:
6419:
6409:
6399:
6396:Treatise on Law
6389:
6379:
6369:
6349:
6007:
6001:
5740:
5734:
5620:
5614:
5533:
5436:
5422:State of nature
5417:Social contract
5397:Ordered liberty
5385:Noblesse oblige
5302:
5136:
5065:
4894:
4889:
4831:
4821:
4806:
4800:
4784:
4778:
4762:
4749:
4734:
4721:
4715:
4700:
4697:
4695:Further reading
4692:
4691:
4686:
4682:
4673:
4669:
4659:
4657:
4655:Merriam-Webster
4649:
4648:
4644:
4634:
4632:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4605:
4601:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4568:
4564:
4546:
4542:
4535:
4514:
4513:
4509:
4500:
4498:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4472:
4470:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4438:
4434:
4424:
4422:
4416:"Confederation"
4414:
4413:
4409:
4402:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4365:
4361:
4354:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4321:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4294:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4267:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4200:
4196:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4176:Wayback Machine
4166:
4163:
4159:
4152:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4123:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4081:
4077:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4049:
4047:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4026:
4011:
4010:
4006:
3995:
3991:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3956:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3927:
3925:
3918:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3898:
3896:
3889:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3869:
3867:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3841:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3814:
3799:
3798:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3704:Lassa Oppenheim
3702:
3698:
3666:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3648:
3644:
3637:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3611:
3607:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3504:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3448:Social Contract
3446:
3442:
3434:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3389:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3368:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3298:
3296:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3276:
3268:. CUP Archive.
3261:
3260:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3242:Oxford Academic
3235:
3234:
3230:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3039:
3038:
3023:
3016:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2951:
2950:
2943:
2912:10.2307/1944043
2893:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2866:
2865:
2856:
2846:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2774:
2772:
2762:
2761:
2748:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2717:"Sovereignty".
2716:
2715:
2711:
2688:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2526:Plenary Council
2523:
2514:
2510:
2457:Autonomous area
2452:Air sovereignty
2442:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2381:Jacques Derrida
2306:
2241:in Europe, the
2231:
2226:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2211:
2210:and sovereignty
2203:
2149:land territory
2128:internal waters
1991:
1985:
1942:
1934:Perpetual Union
1879:
1859:
1797:
1715:military orders
1711:crusader states
1635:noninterference
1616:
1608:
1593:
1587:
1565:
1559:
1530:social contract
1518:
1512:
1381:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1350:
1338:
1327:
1296:
1261:
1241:
1236:
1231:Lassa Oppenheim
1229:
1220:
1127:
1108:Social Contract
1060:social contract
1006:Social contract
998:
915:
890:medieval Europe
886:
869:(Digest I.3.31)
844:observed that:
834:
829:
760:
736:
666:
628:
623:
622:
553:
552:
543:
542:
500:
499:
490:
489:
458:
457:
448:
447:
443:Public interest
428:Domestic policy
418:
411:
410:
399:
398:
363:
356:
355:
344:
343:
305:
298:
291:
284:
276:
275:
266:
265:
171:
170:
159:
158:
114:
113:
104:
73:Politics series
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7264:
7262:
7254:
7253:
7248:
7238:
7237:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7181:
7179:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7144:English school
7141:
7139:Constructivism
7135:
7133:
7127:
7126:
7124:
7123:
7118:
7117:
7116:
7111:
7109:Non-aggression
7106:
7101:
7096:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7025:
7024:
7019:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6953:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6931:
6929:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6890:
6888:
6882:
6881:
6878:
6877:
6875:
6874:
6869:
6863:
6861:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6817:
6815:
6808:
6802:
6801:
6799:
6798:
6792:
6789:
6788:
6783:
6781:
6780:
6773:
6766:
6758:
6749:
6748:
6746:
6745:
6739:
6736:
6735:
6733:
6732:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6713:Social justice
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6689:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6621:Egalitarianism
6618:
6613:
6611:Contractualism
6608:
6603:
6598:
6592:
6590:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6572:
6562:
6552:
6542:
6532:
6522:
6512:
6502:
6492:
6482:
6472:
6462:
6452:
6442:
6432:
6422:
6412:
6402:
6392:
6382:
6372:
6361:
6359:
6355:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6011:
6009:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5867:
5862:
5861:
5860:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5744:
5742:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5676:
5675:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5624:
5622:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5541:
5539:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5453:
5451:
5444:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5407:Overton window
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5316:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5238:Libertarianism
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4880:
4873:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4846:
4830:
4829:External links
4827:
4826:
4825:
4819:
4804:
4798:
4782:
4776:
4760:
4747:
4738:
4732:
4719:
4713:
4696:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4680:
4667:
4642:
4617:
4599:
4584:
4562:
4540:
4533:
4507:
4483:
4450:
4432:
4407:
4400:
4380:
4366:R. Mitchison,
4359:
4353:978-0791464519
4352:
4326:
4320:978-0199684069
4319:
4299:
4292:
4272:
4266:978-0719062452
4265:
4245:
4226:(3): 559–578.
4210:
4194:
4180:
4157:
4150:
4128:
4121:
4101:
4075:
4057:
4031:
4024:
4004:
3989:
3966:
3935:
3906:
3877:
3846:
3840:978-9041121776
3839:
3819:
3812:
3787:
3778:
3759:(2): 235–250.
3743:
3724:(4): 645–664.
3708:
3696:
3654:
3642:
3635:
3617:
3605:
3590:
3583:
3565:
3553:
3547:
3525:
3502:
3474:
3452:
3440:
3420:
3399:
3373:
3366:
3344:
3335:
3328:
3306:
3281:
3274:
3254:
3228:
3189:
3182:
3164:
3109:
3094:
3079:
3021:
3014:
2988:
2971:
2964:
2941:
2906:(3): 404–414.
2886:
2879:
2854:
2820:
2817:(Online). n.d.
2800:
2795:, "Sovereign""
2782:
2746:
2729:
2709:
2686:
2655:
2638:
2618:
2601:
2581:
2562:(2): 353–368.
2539:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2487:Self-ownership
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2431:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2411:
2407:self-ownership
2356:Antonin Artaud
2340:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2305:
2302:
2230:
2229:Justifications
2227:
2218:
2212:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:land territory
2101:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2084:
2083:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2041:
2035:
2027:
2019:
2007:
1987:Main article:
1984:
1981:
1941:
1938:
1878:
1875:
1858:
1855:
1831:United Kingdom
1796:
1793:
1734:Czechoslovakia
1665:United Nations
1625:Following the
1601:
1597:United Kingdom
1586:
1583:
1558:
1555:
1511:
1508:
1450:Czech Republic
1383:
1382:
1341:
1339:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1295:
1286:
1260:
1257:
1240:
1237:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1126:
1123:
1116:Hendrik Spruyt
1052:
1051:
1047:
997:
994:
958:
957:
950:
922:was emerging.
914:
911:
885:
882:
878:
877:
876:(Digest I.4.1)
870:
863:
862:(Digest I.4.1)
833:
830:
828:
825:
799:
798:
790:
784:
778:
759:
756:
735:
732:
668:
667:
665:
664:
657:
650:
642:
639:
638:
625:
624:
621:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
599:
598:
582:
577:
572:
571:
570:
560:
554:
550:
549:
548:
545:
544:
541:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
507:
501:
498:Related topics
497:
496:
495:
492:
491:
488:
487:
482:
477:
472:
466:
465:
459:
455:
454:
453:
450:
449:
446:
445:
440:
435:
433:Foreign policy
430:
425:
412:
406:
405:
404:
401:
400:
397:
396:
395:
394:
380:
375:
370:
357:
351:
350:
349:
346:
345:
342:
341:
336:
331:
329:Policy studies
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
294:
292:
280:
277:
273:
272:
271:
268:
267:
264:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
172:
166:
165:
164:
161:
160:
157:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
115:
112:Primary topics
111:
110:
109:
106:
105:
103:
102:
97:
92:
86:
83:
82:
76:
75:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7263:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7182:
7180:
7176:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7136:
7134:
7132:
7128:
7122:
7119:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7091:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7014:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6937:
6936:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6926:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6891:
6889:
6887:
6883:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6864:
6862:
6858:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6818:
6816:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6806:Organizations
6803:
6797:
6794:
6793:
6790:
6786:
6779:
6774:
6772:
6767:
6765:
6760:
6759:
6756:
6744:
6741:
6740:
6737:
6731:
6730:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6646:Jurisprudence
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6587:
6578:
6577:
6573:
6568:
6567:
6563:
6558:
6557:
6553:
6548:
6547:
6543:
6538:
6537:
6533:
6528:
6527:
6523:
6518:
6517:
6513:
6508:
6507:
6503:
6498:
6497:
6493:
6488:
6487:
6483:
6478:
6477:
6476:Rights of Man
6473:
6468:
6467:
6463:
6458:
6457:
6453:
6448:
6447:
6443:
6438:
6437:
6433:
6428:
6427:
6423:
6418:
6417:
6413:
6408:
6407:
6403:
6398:
6397:
6393:
6388:
6387:
6386:De re publica
6383:
6378:
6377:
6373:
6368:
6367:
6363:
6362:
6360:
6356:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6006:20th and 21st
6004:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5739:18th and 19th
5737:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5617:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5595:Nizam al-Mulk
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
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5278:Republicanism
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4752:"Sovereignty"
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3383:"Sovereignty"
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3322:. p. 9.
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2352:Salvador DalĂ
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2020:
2017:
2016:terra nullius
2013:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1990:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1974:In 1946, the
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1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1922:confederation
1919:
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1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
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1887:
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1876:
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1868:
1864:
1857:Nation-states
1856:
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1832:
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1827:unitary state
1824:
1819:
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1801:head of state
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1713:of sovereign
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1496:puppet states
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1342:This section
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1301:
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1209:
1208:sovereigntist
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1198:
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1187:
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1180:sovereignty.
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1162:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:According to
1112:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
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1061:
1056:
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1045:
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1043:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1024:Thomas Hobbes
1021:
1019:
1018:Great Britain
1015:
1011:
1010:United States
1007:
1003:
995:
993:
990:
986:
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
965:the sovereign
961:
955:
951:
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946:
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939:
938:
933:
929:
925:
921:
912:
910:
908:
907:
902:
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883:
881:
875:
871:
868:
864:
861:
857:
853:
852:
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769:
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690:
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682:
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663:
658:
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519:
515:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
494:
493:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
467:
464:
461:
460:
452:
451:
444:
441:
439:
438:Civil society
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
422:
417:
416:Public policy
414:
413:
409:
403:
402:
392:
388:
384:
383:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
367:
362:
359:
358:
354:
348:
347:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
302:
297:
293:
288:
283:
279:
278:
270:
269:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
236:Parliamentary
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
221:Hybrid regime
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
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189:
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184:
182:
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137:
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116:
108:
107:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
87:
85:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
56:
52:
51:
46:
45:Thomas Hobbes
41:
37:
33:
19:
7104:Multilateral
7078:
7034:Isolationism
6987:Expansionism
6727:
6626:Elite theory
6574:
6564:
6554:
6544:
6534:
6524:
6514:
6504:
6494:
6484:
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6464:
6454:
6444:
6434:
6424:
6414:
6404:
6394:
6384:
6374:
6364:
5663:Guicciardini
5619:Early modern
5442:Philosophers
5392:Open society
5328:Body politic
5198:Distributism
5188:Conservatism
5183:Confucianism
5102:Gerontocracy
5092:Dictatorship
5046:Sovereignty‎
5045:
5036:Ruling class
4926:Emancipation
4911:Citizenship‎
4857:at Wikiquote
4841:
4809:
4789:
4767:
4755:
4744:
4723:
4703:
4683:
4675:
4670:
4658:. Retrieved
4654:
4645:
4633:. Retrieved
4629:
4620:
4610:
4602:
4593:
4592:"Republic".
4587:
4571:
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4549:
4543:
4518:
4510:
4499:, retrieved
4493:
4486:
4478:
4471:. Retrieved
4462:
4453:
4443:
4435:
4423:. Retrieved
4419:
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4390:
4383:
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4362:
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4095:
4090:
4086:
4078:
4070:the original
4060:
4048:. Retrieved
4044:the original
4034:
4014:
4007:
3997:
3992:
3984:the original
3979:
3969:
3957:. Retrieved
3953:the original
3948:
3938:
3926:. Retrieved
3922:
3909:
3897:. Retrieved
3893:
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3868:. Retrieved
3864:the original
3859:
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3822:
3802:
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3746:
3721:
3717:
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3699:
3677:(3): 10,14.
3674:
3670:
3657:
3645:
3626:
3620:
3615:, p. 6.
3608:
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3556:
3538:
3528:
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3477:
3469:
3455:
3447:
3443:
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3402:
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3386:
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3241:
3231:
3209:(3): 31–54.
3206:
3202:
3192:
3173:
3167:
3126:
3122:
3112:
3103:
3097:
3088:
3082:
3052:(1): 79–97.
3049:
3045:
2999:
2991:
2981:
2974:
2954:
2903:
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2869:
2834:
2823:
2812:
2803:
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2785:
2773:. Retrieved
2767:
2741:
2734:. Retrieved
2719:
2712:
2668:
2650:
2643:. Retrieved
2628:
2621:
2613:
2606:. Retrieved
2591:
2584:
2559:
2555:
2543:
2529:
2497:Souverainism
2424:
2419:divine right
2414:Imperialists
2400:
2396:
2370:
2361:Heliogabalus
2359:
2344:libertarians
2326:Rationalists
2296:
2261:
2259:
2251:
2236:
2232:
2208:jurisdiction
2189:underground
2051:
2045:Adjudication
2043:
2037:
2029:
2023:Prescription
2021:
2009:
2001:
1992:
1973:
1957:Hugo Grotius
1950:
1946:
1943:
1895:
1889:
1880:
1867:nation-state
1860:
1820:
1809:
1798:
1782:
1745:
1727:
1688:
1685:Vatican City
1676:Papal States
1669:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1642:
1624:
1620:intervention
1617:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1594:
1566:
1546:
1542:
1519:
1481:
1470:
1431:
1426:Soviet Union
1392:
1389:independence
1386:
1371:
1362:
1351:Please help
1346:verification
1343:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1265:jurisdiction
1262:
1245:absoluteness
1242:
1239:Absoluteness
1228:
1223:
1205:
1182:
1136:Carl Schmitt
1128:
1120:
1113:
1107:
1105:
1101:general will
1094:
1092:
1082:is founded.
1057:
1053:
1050:authorities.
1037:
1027:
1022:
999:
981:
977:lois royales
976:
973:positive law
968:
964:
962:
959:
935:
920:nation state
916:
904:
893:
887:
879:
873:
866:
859:
849:
835:
821:
816:
813:
809:
800:
792:
786:
780:
774:
761:
747:
743:
740:Vulgar Latin
737:
727:
723:
717:
711:
672:
671:
504:
366:street-level
241:Presidential
201:Dictatorship
71:Part of the
48:
36:
7246:Sovereignty
7200:Geopolitics
7079:Sovereignty
7059:Imperialism
6972:Colonialism
6957:Appeasement
6872:Warsaw Pact
6500:(1835–1840)
6380:(c. 350 BC)
6370:(c. 375 BC)
5987:Tocqueville
5952:Saint-Simon
5917:Montesquieu
5768:Bolingbroke
5700:Machiavelli
5580:Ibn Khaldun
5545:Alpharabius
5538:Middle Ages
5363:Natural law
5338:Common good
5263:Nationalism
5223:Imperialism
5193:Corporatism
5168:Colonialism
5148:Agrarianism
5127:Technocracy
5107:Meritocracy
5087:Bureaucracy
5077:Aristocracy
4855:Sovereignty
4842:sovereignty
4630:WordNet 3.0
4607:Montesquieu
3613:Kallis 2018
3512:j.ctvzxx91t
3299:26 November
3265:Sovereignty
3129:(1): 1–31.
2809:"Sovereign"
2696:j.ctvzxx91t
2395:'s book on
2367:Max Stirner
2183:underground
2151:underground
2066:Outer space
1983:Acquisition
1890:sovereignty
1877:Federations
1805:condominium
1719:ReichsfĂĽrst
1690:sui generis
1570:John Austin
1259:Exclusivity
1088:Montesquieu
1000:During the
913:Reformation
901:aristocracy
689:substantive
673:Sovereignty
505:Sovereignty
470:Legislature
373:Technocracy
361:Bureaucracy
226:Meritocracy
206:Directorial
7240:Categories
7154:Liberalism
7099:Friendship
7084:Suzerainty
6708:Separatism
6516:On Liberty
6416:The Prince
6145:Huntington
5648:Campanella
5575:al-Ghazali
5524:Thucydides
5482:Lactantius
5427:Statolatry
5253:Monarchism
5233:Liberalism
5158:Capitalism
5141:Ideologies
5122:Plutocracy
5070:Government
5026:Revolution
5011:Propaganda
4961:Legitimacy
4936:Government
4651:"Republic"
4626:"republic"
4501:26 October
4473:31 October
4376:0415278805
4087:Resolution
3980:pgs. 94–95
3650:Grimm 2015
3561:Grimm 2015
2851:required.)
2508:References
2502:Suzerainty
2337:UN Charter
2288:initiative
2284:referendum
2077:and other
2011:Occupation
1963:(1758) by
1955:(1625) by
1926:secessions
1789:immunities
1699:San Marino
1589:See also:
1528:, or to a
1522:legitimacy
1488:Somaliland
1084:John Locke
1062:theories.
954:magistrate
924:Jean Bodin
698:over some
693:legitimate
595:Governance
585:Government
580:Federalism
181:City-state
18:Souvereign
7251:Authority
7190:Diplomacy
7094:Bilateral
6992:Grey-zone
6945:Coalition
6904:1919–1939
6899:1814–1919
6894:1648–1814
6426:Leviathan
6406:Monarchia
6400:(c. 1274)
6235:Oakeshott
6180:Mansfield
6175:Luxemburg
6160:Kropotkin
6055:Bernstein
6008:centuries
5922:Nietzsche
5865:Jefferson
5793:Condorcet
5741:centuries
5720:Pufendorf
5585:Marsilius
5472:Confucius
5457:Aristotle
5450:Antiquity
5378:Noble lie
5298:Third Way
5293:Socialism
5218:Feudalism
5173:Communism
5153:Anarchism
5132:Theocracy
5117:Oligarchy
5097:Democracy
5082:Autocracy
4996:Pluralism
4981:Obedience
4946:Hierarchy
4906:Authority
4660:14 August
4378:, p. 314.
4240:144362061
4050:4 October
3773:153788601
3738:150817547
3691:158092242
3520:221904936
3392:16 August
3215:0742-3640
3159:251060908
3143:0022-278X
3066:1075-2846
2936:147037039
2920:0003-0554
2704:221904936
2568:0022-197X
2401:See also
2389:Nietzsche
2280:Judiciary
2087:national
1995:territory
1845:with the
1746:vis-Ă -vis
1723:Reichstag
1550:Louis XIV
1538:Max Weber
1475:made the
1454:Lithuania
1418:Lithuania
1365:July 2015
1270:Max Weber
1140:Holocaust
1134:theorist
1029:Leviathan
832:Classical
744:superanus
734:Etymology
696:authority
677:authority
575:Unitarism
563:Elections
551:Subseries
480:Judiciary
475:Executive
378:Adhocracy
261:Theocracy
216:Feudalism
196:Democracy
50:Leviathan
7149:Feminism
7002:Idealism
6997:Hegemony
6950:Military
6935:Alliance
6928:Concepts
6914:Cold War
6796:Glossary
6681:Centrism
6376:Politics
6366:Republic
6335:Voegelin
6315:Spengler
6300:Shariati
6275:Rothbard
6230:Nussbaum
6130:Habermas
6105:Fukuyama
6095:Foucault
6020:Ambedkar
5997:Voltaire
5967:de Staël
5942:Rousseau
5823:Franklin
5798:Constant
5758:Beccaria
5590:Muhammad
5570:Gelasius
5555:Averroes
5529:Xenophon
5509:Polybius
5462:Chanakya
5307:Concepts
5273:Populism
5243:Localism
5228:Islamism
5213:Feminism
5112:Monarchy
5016:Property
5006:Progress
4971:Monopoly
4941:Hegemony
4788:(2008).
4766:(2007).
4635:20 March
4467:Archived
4172:Archived
3223:20753316
3074:27800102
2775:5 August
2576:24357595
2462:Basileus
2430:See also
2320:Realists
2312:such as
2172:surface
2089:airspace
2053:Conquest
2038:Creation
1849:for the
1764:and the
1701:and the
1672:Holy See
1660:de facto
1585:External
1510:Internal
1458:Slovakia
1393:de facto
1315:de facto
1306:De facto
1293:de facto
1282:de facto
1169:Cambodia
884:Medieval
851:imperium
758:Concepts
728:de facto
719:de facto
603:Ideology
421:doctrine
382:Service
246:Republic
231:Monarchy
211:Federacy
100:Category
80:Politics
7169:Realism
7159:Marxism
7022:Liberal
6940:Entente
6886:History
6814:Present
6718:Statism
6631:Elitism
6589:Related
6390:(51 BC)
6320:Strauss
6295:Scruton
6290:Schmitt
6280:Russell
6200:Michels
6195:Maurras
6190:Marcuse
6150:Kautsky
6120:Gramsci
6115:Gentile
6085:Dworkin
6075:Du Bois
6070:Dmowski
6065:Chomsky
6060:Burnham
6045:Benoist
6015:Agamben
5982:Thoreau
5972:Stirner
5962:Spencer
5907:Mazzini
5897:Maistre
5892:Madison
5887:Le Play
5818:Fourier
5783:Carlyle
5763:Bentham
5753:Bastiat
5748:Bakunin
5725:Spinoza
5715:MĂĽntzer
5685:Leibniz
5658:Grotius
5638:Bossuet
5605:Plethon
5550:Aquinas
5519:Sun Tzu
5487:Mencius
5477:Han Fei
5248:Marxism
5208:Fascism
5041:Society
4966:Liberty
4951:Justice
4931:Freedom
4425:17 June
4093:.
3959:21 June
3928:19 June
3899:19 June
3870:25 June
3247:3 March
2928:1944043
2522::
2266:. In a
2164:surface
2158:surface
2107:surface
2003:Cession
1906:slavery
1900:in the
1883:federal
1693:is the
1656:de jure
1504:Somalia
1466:Germany
1462:Ukraine
1446:Belarus
1422:Estonia
1406:annexed
1300:De jure
1289:De jure
1173:Liberia
1157:Somalia
989:Estates
906:de jure
856:Emperor
840:jurist
827:History
817:Ustages
724:de jure
713:De jure
608:Culture
518:Country
176:Anarchy
90:Outline
59:crosier
7131:Theory
7089:Treaty
6977:Crisis
6580:(1992)
6570:(1971)
6560:(1951)
6550:(1945)
6540:(1944)
6530:(1929)
6520:(1859)
6510:(1848)
6490:(1820)
6480:(1791)
6470:(1790)
6460:(1762)
6450:(1748)
6440:(1689)
6430:(1651)
6420:(1532)
6410:(1313)
6340:Walzer
6330:Taylor
6285:Sartre
6250:Popper
6245:Pareto
6240:Ortega
6225:Nozick
6215:Mouffe
6165:Laclau
6125:Guénon
6110:Gandhi
6050:Berlin
6040:Bauman
6035:Badiou
6025:Arendt
5992:Tucker
5882:Le Bon
5843:Herder
5833:Haller
5828:Godwin
5813:Fichte
5808:Engels
5803:Cortés
5773:Bonald
5730:Suárez
5705:Milton
5695:Luther
5668:Hobbes
5653:Filmer
5643:Calvin
5628:Boétie
5621:period
5600:Ockham
5467:Cicero
5268:Nazism
5056:Utopia
5031:Rights
5021:Regime
4991:People
4976:Nation
4817:
4796:
4774:
4730:
4711:
4579:
4557:
4531:
4527:–152.
4398:
4374:
4350:
4317:
4290:
4263:
4238:
4148:
4119:
4089:
4022:
3949:pg. 93
3860:pg. 92
3837:
3810:
3771:
3736:
3689:
3633:
3581:
3545:
3518:
3510:
3500:
3364:
3326:
3272:
3221:
3213:
3180:
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3151:160511
3149:
3141:
3072:
3064:
3012:
2962:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2877:
2736:20 May
2727:
2702:
2694:
2684:
2645:20 May
2636:
2608:20 May
2599:
2574:
2566:
2292:recall
2290:, and
2220:
2214:
2204:
2073:; the
2071:orbits
1778:Taiwan
1742:Kuwait
1532:(i.e.
1500:Serbia
1436:, the
1434:Poland
1414:Latvia
1249:custom
1161:Rwanda
1086:, and
1014:France
985:senate
898:feudal
842:Ulpian
700:polity
568:voting
510:Polity
408:Policy
387:Public
301:theory
7114:Peace
7069:Power
7064:Peace
6821:BRICS
6729:Index
6358:Works
6345:Weber
6310:Spann
6305:Sorel
6270:Röpke
6265:Rawls
6220:Negri
6210:Mosca
6205:Mises
6170:Lenin
6140:Hoppe
6135:Hayek
6100:Fromm
6090:Evola
6080:Dugin
5977:Taine
5957:Smith
5937:Renan
5932:Paine
5853:Iqbal
5838:Hegel
5788:Comte
5778:Burke
5690:Locke
5680:James
5633:Bodin
5565:Dante
5560:Bruni
5514:Shang
5497:Plato
5051:State
5001:Power
4986:Peace
4921:Elite
4899:Terms
4236:S2CID
3919:(PDF)
3890:(PDF)
3769:S2CID
3734:S2CID
3687:S2CID
3667:(PDF)
3516:S2CID
3508:JSTOR
3435:(PDF)
3219:JSTOR
3155:S2CID
3147:JSTOR
3070:JSTOR
2932:S2CID
2924:JSTOR
2845:
2700:S2CID
2692:JSTOR
2572:JSTOR
2304:Views
1881:In a
1758:China
1750:Iraqi
1490:(see
1165:Haiti
1026:, in
949:laws.
942:state
838:Roman
752:reign
748:super
708:state
702:. In
681:state
591:forms
514:State
391:Civil
95:Index
55:sword
6860:Past
6260:Rand
6255:Qutb
6155:Kirk
6030:Aron
5947:Sade
5927:Owen
5912:Mill
5902:Marx
5870:Kant
5848:Hume
5710:More
5610:Wang
5492:Mozi
4916:Duty
4815:ISBN
4794:ISBN
4772:ISBN
4728:ISBN
4709:ISBN
4662:2010
4637:2009
4577:ISBN
4555:ISBN
4529:ISBN
4503:2021
4475:2020
4427:2020
4396:ISBN
4372:ISBN
4348:ISBN
4315:ISBN
4288:ISBN
4261:ISBN
4146:ISBN
4117:ISBN
4052:2011
4020:ISBN
3961:2011
3930:2011
3923:pg.3
3901:2011
3894:pg.1
3872:2011
3835:ISBN
3808:ISBN
3631:ISBN
3579:ISBN
3543:ISBN
3498:ISBN
3394:2023
3362:ISBN
3324:ISBN
3301:2018
3270:ISBN
3249:2023
3211:ISSN
3178:ISBN
3139:ISSN
3062:ISSN
3010:ISBN
2960:ISBN
2916:ISSN
2875:ISBN
2777:2010
2738:2024
2725:ISBN
2682:ISBN
2647:2024
2634:ISBN
2610:2024
2597:ISBN
2564:ISSN
2405:and
2379:and
2075:Moon
1959:and
1908:and
1783:The
1748:the
1728:The
1658:and
1460:and
1420:and
1398:Iraq
1291:and
1188:and
1012:and
969:i.e.
836:The
726:and
57:and
7121:War
6325:Sun
6185:Mao
5061:War
4956:Law
4525:147
4344:120
4228:doi
4091:265
3761:doi
3726:doi
3679:doi
3490:doi
3131:doi
3054:doi
2908:doi
2674:doi
2528:".
2399:).
2369:of
2358:of
2048:and
1650:In
1536:).
1486:or
1355:by
1171:or
1078:or
1039:sic
894:not
754:".
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