360:
294:
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42:
64:
226:. They have large, brown or black bodies with yellow markings, and narrow unpatterned wings. Their bright eyes touch at a single point, and they can be found along small, clear, woodland streams, flying slowly 30 to 70 cm above the water. When disturbed, however, they can fly very rapidly. They usually hunt high in forest vegetation, and prefer to capture prey resting on leaves or branches (known as gleaning).
289:
The
Cordulegastridae usually lay their eggs in the sand in shallow water, the female hovering just above the water with her body in a vertical position, and making repeated dips into the water with her abdomen. The females trap air bubbles with hairs along their bodies to allow them to reach the
301:
Cordulegastridae nymphs will almost entirely conceal themselves in sand or silt, exposing only their eyes to see, antennae for sensing prey, and the tip of their abdomen to breathe dissolved oxygen. Nymphs will consume any prey they can capture, going as far as eating smaller larvae of the same
272:
Dragonflies within this family are typically large, between 2.5 to 3 inches long. They are characteristically black in color and have blue-green eyes. On their large black bodies they have paired yellow spots along the length of their abdomen. Females and males are generally similar but two key
798:
273:
differences are the color of the forehead and the terminal segment of their abdomen. Males have yellow foreheads and slightly clubbed abdomen whereas females have brown foreheads and an ovipositor extending from the end of the abdomen.
373:
Although the conservation status of many if not most species of this family is unknown, there are multiple species that are of concern. From the
Conservation Status Assessment of Odonata for the Northeastern United States,
326:
or flowing streams with clean sand and silt substrates. Adults on the other hand fly above clear streams and small rivers in the woods, with females only entering the water to lay their eggs.
392:
was identified as moderately vulnerable. There are five species of concern according to the
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN),
290:
bottom of the water and deposit eggs into the substrate. Males are remarkably territorial and their territorial behavior varies based on the oviposition of the females.
1608:
573:
1647:
359:
460:
286:
A typical lifespan of
Cordulegastridae dragonflies is 3–5 years. Adults are usually active and flying between spring and early summer with a peak in June.
1582:
1621:
657:
Joachim
Poethke, Hans; Kaiser, Heinrich (1987-01-01). "The territoriality threshold: a model for mutual avoidance in dragonfly mating systems".
545:
774:
713:
638:
932:
741:
529:
501:
342:
Their distribution includes North
America, South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. All eight species in North America belong to the
799:"Habitat Distribution, Dietary Composition and Life History Characteristics of Odonate Nymphs in a Blackwater Coastal Plain Stream"
1626:
63:
869:"Conservation Assessment of Odonata (Dragonflies and Damselflies) in the Northeastern Region - NY Natural Heritage Program"
1634:
1491:
1706:
1652:
1561:
600:
293:
1711:
1701:
1574:
464:
814:
334:
892:
402:
414:
234:
Within the family
Cordulegastridae there are 51 species amongst three different genera. These genera include
1163:
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365:
1431:
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376:
50:
1469:
1530:
1478:
1350:
243:
180:
826:
780:
682:
322:, their habitats are quite different. The preferred habitat of Cordulegastridae nymphs are small
319:
58:
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41:
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1517:
1329:
1184:
1150:
818:
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634:
525:
497:
135:
1613:
1665:
1303:
918:
810:
762:
702:
666:
338:
Map showing the frequency of reported
Cordulegastridae dragonfly sightings around the globe.
1337:
1126:
1094:
1036:
1028:
1007:
303:
1483:
522:
Dragonflies and
Damselflies of California (California Natural History Guides (Paperback))
302:
species. This family captures their prey by extending their labium, categorizing them as
1569:
1556:
1399:
1200:
1134:
1110:
1049:
1041:
315:
1695:
1367:
1142:
1057:
784:
490:
439:
347:
250:
239:
170:
830:
686:
1383:
1192:
1179:
1118:
1081:
1065:
979:
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are identified as Near
Threatened and found in Europe. Most threatened however are
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1232:
995:
973:
961:
757:
Tennessen, Kenneth (2019), Tennessen, Kenneth J. (ed.), "Cordulegastridae",
125:
95:
75:
910:
1504:
1448:
1171:
17:
942:
670:
199:
115:
1509:
1600:
967:
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631:
Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates
260:, belly. The common name spiketails refers to the females' prominent
105:
85:
1587:
1425:
844:
1548:
358:
343:
333:
323:
292:
1429:
1229:
992:
914:
574:"Families & Genera of Odonata | University of Puget Sound"
1535:
761:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 307–328,
815:
10.1674/0003-0031(2002)148[0075:HDDCAL]2.0.CO;2
759:
Dragonfly Nymphs of North America: An Identification Guide
524:(in German), University of California Press, p. 40,
734:
An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America
1438:
1366:
1328:
1286:
1269:
1247:
1162:
1093:
1027:
1006:
797:Burcher, Chris L.; Smock, Leonard A. (July 2002).
701:
489:
700:Donald Joyce Borror; Dwight Moore DeLong (1971).
459:Martin Schorr; Martin Lindeboom; Dennis Paulson.
246:, which have 15, 30, and 6 species respectively
520:Tim Manolis; Timothy D. Manolis (April 2003),
926:
8:
1378:(emerald dragonflies or green-eyed skimmers)
633:(2nd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press.
1426:
1283:
1244:
1240:
1226:
1003:
989:
933:
919:
911:
386:were identified as highly vulnerable, and
297:Cordulegastridae nymph buried in substrate
40:
31:
1153:(helicopter damselflies or forest giants)
629:Thorp, James H.; Covich, Alan P. (2001).
515:
513:
249:The name Cordulegastridae comes from the
218:names for the species of this family are
736:. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing.
708:. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
732:Cummins, R. W.; Merritt, K. W. (1966).
704:An introduction to the study of insects
451:
893:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"
727:
725:
546:"Spiketail family – Cordulegastridae"
7:
1575:a7517258-9940-4ae4-847a-bc1ccca6ded2
652:
650:
624:
622:
620:
595:
593:
483:
481:
1113:(narrow-winged or pond damselflies)
659:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
25:
442:due to significant habitat loss.
62:
1319:(giant dragonfly and relatives)
803:The American Midland Naturalist
1:
601:"WOS: Cordulegaster maculata"
553:Dragonflies of North Virginia
210:. They are commonly known as
1044:(jewelwings or demoiselles)
767:10.1007/978-3-319-97776-8_9
1728:
1145:(threadtails, bambootails)
1129:(white-legged damselflies)
1243:
1239:
1225:
1101:(closed wing damselflies)
1002:
988:
950:
465:University of Puget Sound
156:
151:
59:Scientific classification
57:
48:
39:
34:
488:Berger, Cynthia (2004).
415:Cordulegaster sarracenia
403:Cordulegaster trinacriae
1164:Lestoidea (superfamily)
492:Dragonflies: Wild Guide
409:Cordulegaster helladica
395:Cordulegaster bidentata
383:Cordulegaster bilineata
366:Cordulegaster helladica
282:Life cycle and behavior
1394:(cruisers or skimmers)
1386:(skimmers or perchers)
1311:(clubtail dragonflies)
1208:(sylphs or malachites)
544:Munroe, Kevin (2012).
370:
339:
298:
1674:Paleobiology Database
389:Cordulegaster obliqua
377:Cordulegaster erronea
362:
337:
296:
51:Anotogaster sieboldii
27:Family of dragonflies
1570:Fauna Europaea (new)
1298:(hawkers or darners)
461:"World Odonata List"
256:, 'club-shaped' and
206:) from the suborder
1355:Neopetalia punctata
1068:(azure damselflies)
1018:(ancient greenling)
895:. November 13, 2023
496:. Stackpole Books.
399:Cordulegaster heros
1185:Megapodagrionidae
1151:Pseudostigmatidae
845:"Cordulegastridae"
671:10.1007/BF00292162
578:www.pugetsound.edu
371:
340:
299:
1707:Cordulegastroidea
1689:
1688:
1661:Open Tree of Life
1432:Taxon identifiers
1423:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1411:
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1403:
1395:
1387:
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1358:
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1343:Cordulegastridae
1330:Cordulegastroidea
1320:
1312:
1299:
1279:
1265:
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1220:
1217:
1216:
1209:
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1188:
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1122:
1114:
1103:
1085:
1077:
1069:
1061:
1053:
1045:
1019:
776:978-3-319-97776-8
715:978-0-03-082861-4
640:978-0-12-690647-9
369:endemic to Greece
314:Since nymphs are
192:
191:
136:Cordulegastroidea
35:Cordulegastridae
16:(Redirected from
1719:
1712:Odonata families
1702:Cordulegastridae
1682:
1681:
1669:
1668:
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1643:
1642:
1640:NHMSYS0000344176
1630:
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1551:
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1513:
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1500:
1499:
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1484:Cordulegastridae
1474:
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1470:Cordulegastridae
1459:
1458:
1457:
1440:Cordulegastridae
1427:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1377:
1352:
1344:
1318:
1310:
1304:Austropetaliidae
1297:
1284:
1280:
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1275:
1257:Epiophlebioptera
1249:Epiophlebioptera
1245:
1241:
1227:
1207:
1194:
1186:
1173:
1152:
1144:
1136:
1128:
1127:Platycnemididae
1120:
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304:ambush predators
198:are a family of
196:Cordulegastridae
186:
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146:Cordulegastridae
67:
66:
44:
32:
21:
1727:
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1400:Synthemistidae
1362:
1338:Chlorogomphidae
1324:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1261:
1235:
1213:
1158:
1137:(shadowdamsels)
1135:Platystictidae
1111:Coenagrionidae
1100:
1098:
1097:
1095:Coenagrionoidea
1089:
1076:(gossamerwings)
1050:Chlorocyphidae
1042:Calopterygidae
1037:Amphipterygidae
1029:Calopterygoidea
1023:
1016:Hemiphlebiidae
1008:Hemiphlebioidea
998:
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417:. C. bidentata,
363:The endangered
357:
332:
318:and adults are
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277:Natural history
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1557:Fauna Europaea
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1351:Neopetaliidae
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1201:Pseudolestidae
1198:
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1168:
1166:
1160:
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1143:Protoneuridae
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1121:(narrow-wings)
1116:
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1105:
1091:
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1058:Dicteriadidae
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1445:
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1437:
1433:
1428:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1384:Libellulidae
1382:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1368:Libelluloidea
1365:
1359:
1356:
1349:
1347:
1341:
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1336:
1335:
1333:
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1327:
1321:
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1313:
1307:
1305:
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1300:
1294:
1293:
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1285:
1282:
1277:(dragonflies)
1272:
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1242:
1238:
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1228:
1224:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1193:Perilestidae
1191:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1174:(spreadwings)
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1149:
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1139:
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1131:
1125:
1123:
1119:Isostictidae
1117:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1084:(bannerwings)
1082:Polythoridae
1080:
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1066:Diphlebiidae
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873:www.nynhp.org
870:
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743:0-8403-7588-3
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466:
462:
455:
452:
445:
443:
441:
440:IUCN Red List
437:
433:
432:C. sarracenia
429:
425:
421:
420:C. trinacriae
418:
416:
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240:Cordulegaster
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171:Cordulegaster
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132:Superfamily:
131:
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1439:
1402:(tigertails)
1392:Macromiidae
1376:Corduliidae
1354:
1345:(spiketails)
1342:
1317:Petaluridae
1206:Synlestidae
1195:(shortwings)
1180:Lestoideidae
980:Odonatoptera
978:Superorder:
899:November 13,
897:. Retrieved
887:
876:. Retrieved
872:
863:
852:. Retrieved
849:www.gbif.org
848:
839:
809:(1): 75–89.
806:
802:
792:
758:
752:
733:
703:
695:
665:(1): 11–19.
662:
658:
630:
608:. Retrieved
604:
581:. Retrieved
577:
568:
556:. Retrieved
552:
539:
521:
491:
468:. Retrieved
454:
435:
431:
428:C. helladica
427:
423:
419:
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407:
393:
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381:
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364:
355:Conservation
346:
341:
330:Distribution
313:
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285:
271:
257:
253:
248:
244:Neallogaster
233:
224:flying adder
223:
219:
211:
195:
193:
185:Cowley, 1934
181:Neallogaster
179:
169:
159:
145:
122:Infraorder:
49:
29:
1596:iNaturalist
1464:Wikispecies
1187:(flatwings)
1074:Euphaeidae
320:terrestrial
268:Description
262:ovipositors
236:Anotogaster
204:dragonflies
175:Leach, 1815
165:Selys, 1854
161:Anotogaster
1696:Categories
1309:Gomphidae
1296:Aeshnidae
1288:Aeshnoidea
1271:Anisoptera
1060:(barelegs)
972:Subclass:
962:Arthropoda
878:2023-11-13
854:2023-11-13
610:2023-11-13
605:wiatri.net
583:2023-11-13
446:References
436:Endangered
434:which are
254:kordylinus
216:vernacular
212:spiketails
208:Anisoptera
126:Anisoptera
96:Arthropoda
1233:Epiprocta
1231:Suborder
1172:Lestidae
996:Zygoptera
994:Suborder
974:Pterygota
954:Kingdom:
823:0003-0031
785:239137100
679:1432-0762
558:22 August
470:11 August
82:Kingdom:
76:Eukaryota
18:Spiketail
1505:BugGuide
1449:Wikidata
1052:(jewels)
960:Phylum:
956:Animalia
945:families
831:86275679
687:22679802
424:C. heros
230:Taxonomy
142:Family:
92:Phylum:
86:Animalia
72:Domain:
1455:Q426526
968:Insecta
966:Class:
943:Odonata
941:Extant
438:on the
316:aquatic
310:Habitat
214:. Some
200:Odonata
152:Genera
116:Odonata
112:Order:
106:Insecta
102:Class:
1679:221187
1666:754475
1653:107811
1627:102026
1614:106391
1549:1CORGF
829:
821:
783:
773:
740:
712:
685:
677:
637:
528:
500:
258:gaster
242:, and
220:biddie
1609:IRMNG
1601:57448
1562:11846
1497:96037
827:S2CID
781:S2CID
683:S2CID
549:(PDF)
344:genus
324:lotic
251:Greek
1648:NCBI
1622:ITIS
1588:4483
1583:GBIF
1544:EPPO
1536:5251
1510:8127
1492:BOLD
901:2023
819:ISSN
771:ISBN
738:ISBN
710:ISBN
675:ISSN
635:ISBN
560:2017
526:ISBN
498:ISBN
472:2010
430:and
422:and
412:and
380:and
222:and
194:The
1635:NBN
1531:EoL
1523:8K2
1518:CoL
1479:ADW
811:doi
807:148
763:doi
667:doi
1698::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
