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27:
228:. For example, a job which read punched cards or generated printed output directly was forced to run at the speed of the slow mechanical devices. The first spooling programs, such as IBM's "SPOOL System" (7070-IO-076) copied data from punched cards to magnetic tape, and from tape back to punched cards and printers.
173:
a leading banner page would often be printed twice, so that one copy would always be face-up when the jobs were separated. The page might include lines printed over the fold, which would be visible along the edge of a stack of printed output, allowing the operator to easily separate the jobs. Some
113:
Spooler or print management software often includes a variety of related features, such as allowing priorities to be assigned to print jobs, notifying users when their documents have been printed, distributing print jobs among several printers, selecting appropriate paper for each document, etc.
165:
name). Banner pages are valuable in office environments where many people share a small number of printers. They are also valuable when a single job can produce multiple documents. Depending on the configuration, banner pages might be generated on each client computer, on a centralized print
101:
For example, when a large organization prepares payroll cheques, the computation takes only a few minutes or even seconds, but the printing process might take hours. If the payroll program printed cheques directly, it would be unable to proceed to other computations until all the cheques were
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formatted for printing are stored in a queue at the speed of the computer, then retrieved and printed at the speed of the printer. Multiple processes can write documents to the spool without waiting, and can then perform other tasks, while the "spooler" process operates the printer.
74:
itself refers to the sequence of jobs, or the storage area where they are held. In many cases, the spooler is able to drive devices at their full rated speed with minimal impact on other processing.
54:. Spooling allows programs to "hand off" work to be done by the peripheral and then proceed to other tasks, or to not begin until input has been transcribed. A dedicated program, the
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drives, and other slow, sequential I/O devices. It allows the application to run at the speed of the CPU while operating peripheral devices at their full rated speed.
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for the purpose of copying data between different devices. In contemporary systems, it is usually used for mediating between a computer application and a slow
275:
66:, a spooler can maintain a sequence of computational jobs waiting for data, starting each job when all of the relevant input is available; see
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system uses spooling to maintain a queue of ready-to-run tasks, which can be started as soon as the system has the resources to process them.
517:
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The term "spool" may originate with the
Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On-Line (SPOOL) software; this derivation is uncertain, however.
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153:, to the beginning and end of each document and job. These separate documents from each other, identify each document (e.g. with its
236:, started to replace the use of magnetic tape for spooling in the middle 1960s, and by the 1970s had largely replaced it altogether.
493:
464:
620:
208:, used "spool" to refer to their inbound and outbound message queues, and this terminology is still found in the documentation for
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Peripheral devices have always been much slower than core processing units. This was an especially severe problem for early
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systems would also print a banner page at the end of each job, assuring users that they had collected all of their printout.
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on IBM mainframes of the early 1960s was slow, it was common for larger systems to use a small offline computer such as an
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530:
IBM System/360 and System/370 Asymmetric
Multiprocessing System: General Information Manual, Program Number 360A-CX-15X
58:, maintains an orderly sequence of jobs for the peripheral and feeds it data at its own rate. Conversely, for slow
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applies spooling techniques to allow many computers to share the same printer or group of printers.
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In the past it was used to, e.g., copy a deck of cards unrelated to a computer application.
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Virtual
Storage Extended / Priority Output Writers, Execution Processors and Input Readers
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Magnetic recording tape wound onto a spool may have contributed to the origin of the term
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were unable to do anything else, including interact with the user, while printing.
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47:
20:
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35:
441:, 7070 Data Processing System Bulletins (Second ed.), IBM, J28-6047-1
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158:
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480:
James L. Peterson; Abraham
Silberschatz (July 1984). "1.4.3 Spooling".
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19:
For use of this term to refer to thrust changes in jet engines, see
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The HASP System, February 26, 1971 HASP II (360D-05.1-014) V3M1
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Priority Output
Writers, Execution Processors and Input Readers
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of magnetic tape, although “spool” is an uncommon usage.
546:, Version 3 Modification Level 1, IBM, February 26, 1971
274:
Integrated facility of various operating systems, e.g.,
258:. Another explanation is that it refers to "spools" or
93:
Nowadays, the most common use of spooling is printing:
595:(Second ed.), IBM, September 1974, GC33-5403-1
232:, which offered faster I/O speeds and support for
102:printed. Similarly, before spooling was added to
576:(First ed.), IBM, December 1980, SC23-0040-0
427:(2 ed.). Harrisonburg: DataCorp of Virginia.
297:(HASP) in OS/360 and SVS, prominent in the 1960s
157:) and often also state who printed it (e.g. by
622:CP-V Software: Concepts and Facilities Manual
8:
589:DOS/VS POWER/VS Installation and Operations
399:Punch spoolers also supported banner cards.
182:Spooling is also used to mediate access to
366:(Remote Spooling Communications Subsystem)
252:Simultaneous peripheral operations on-line
137:Print spoolers can be configured to add a
512:. 3rd Ed. Pearson Education, Inc., 2008.
412:
383:
133:Sample banner page generated by TSS/370
420:Lundin, Leigh; Stoneman, Don (1977).
7:
295:Houston Automatic Spooling Priority
166:server, or by the printer itself.
14:
16:Form of multitasking in computers
628:. Honeywell. 1976. p. 2-7
369:Symbionts and Cooperatives in
1:
559:z/OS V1R9.0 JES2 Introduction
271:IBM SPOOL System, 7070-IO-076
77:Spooling is a combination of
664:Operating system technology
204:messaging systems, such as
685:
312:(JES2), a follower of HASP
285:Attached Support Processor
169:On printers using fanfold
18:
610:; VSE/POWER - 5686-CF9-03
482:Operating System Concepts
318:(JES3), a follower of ASP
42:is a specialized form of
510:Modern Operating Systems
352:Berkeley printing system
266:List of spooling systems
62:peripherals, such as a
134:
31:
508:Tanenbaum, Andrew S.
439:IBM 7070 SPOOL System
316:Job Entry Subsystem 3
310:Job Entry Subsystem 2
247:instead of spooling.
241:unit record equipment
186:readers and punches,
132:
29:
287:(ASP) in OS/360 and
562:, IBM, SA22-7535-06
457:Systems Programming
347:spooler, 1975–1980s
303:(JES, aka JES1) in
301:Job Entry Subsystem
106:operating systems,
178:Other applications
135:
32:
654:Computer printing
518:978-0-13-600663-3
202:store and forward
151:printer separator
44:multi-programming
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453:Donovan, John J.
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371:SDS Sigma series
195:batch processing
171:continuous forms
141:, also called a
68:batch processing
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108:word processors
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659:Job scheduling
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488:. p. 18.
486:Addison-Wesley
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89:Print spooling
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669:Unix software
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574:JES3 Overview
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234:random access
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188:magnetic tape
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630:. Retrieved
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289:OS/VS2 (SVS)
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239:Because the
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184:punched card
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119:print server
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50:, such as a
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33:
632:December 6,
423:The Spooler
333:The Spooler
139:banner page
125:Banner page
64:card reader
648:Categories
425:User Guide
407:References
230:Hard disks
226:mainframes
216:software.
143:burst page
48:peripheral
21:Jet engine
373:computers
354:(lpr/lpd)
256:backronym
254:may be a
147:job sheet
95:documents
79:buffering
36:computing
455:(1972).
245:IBM 1401
159:username
83:queueing
40:spooling
362:VM/370
345:DOS/VSE
337:DOS/360
324:(POWER)
220:History
70:. The
56:spooler
52:printer
516:
492:
463:
343:, and
341:DOS/VS
335:, IBM
305:OS/VS1
280:OS/360
214:Usenet
626:(PDF)
593:(PDF)
378:Notes
328:GRASP
260:reels
210:email
200:Some
155:title
149:, or
72:spool
60:input
634:2023
514:ISBN
490:ISBN
461:ISBN
364:RSCS
358:CUPS
350:The
276:GCOS
212:and
206:uucp
81:and
163:job
161:or
34:In
650::
484:.
339:,
278:,
193:A
145:,
117:A
104:PC
85:.
38:,
636:.
498:.
469:.
291:.
23:.
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