31:
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236:(ca. 515 million years). Historically, many concentric radiolarians have been included in the Spumellaria order based on the absence of the initial spicular system, an early-develop structure that, by its lacking, sets them apart from
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appearing in abundance in the world's oceans, possessing a radially-symmetrical silica (opal) skeleton that has ensured their preservation in fossil records. They belong among the oldest
Polycystine organisms, dating back to the lower
1989:
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1965:
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612:, Mendez Sandin. Diversity and Evolution of Nassellaria and Spumellaria (Radiolaria). Protistology. Sorbonne Université, 2019. English. Accessed at:
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despite their similar morphology. Living exemplars of the order feed by catching prey, such as
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https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03137926/file/MENDEZ_SANDIN_Miguel_2019.pdf
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extending radially from their skeleton; however, some have been observed as
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living in symbiosis with various photosynthetic algal organisms such as
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http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=345835
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594:WoRMS (2019). Spumellaria. Accessed at:
561:Shells of (mostly) Spumellaria (Haeckel)
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7:
1920:
1918:
1866:3fc88e0f-9386-438c-b0ce-00df3ef8ff36
521:in this order are still considered
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199:Haeckel, 1862 emend. Riedel, 1967
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251:, on the adhesive ends of their
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16:Order of single-celled organisms
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1938:. You can help Knowledge by
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48:Scientific classification
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543:Hexancistra quadricuspis
1934:-related article is a
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575:Challenger Expedition
573:Spumellaria from the
517:In addition, several
451:Pseudoacanthocircidae
301:Archaeospongoprunidae
1708:organization type:
446:Praeconocaryommidae
227:. They are ameboid
1985:Radiolarian orders
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456:Pseudoaulophacidae
371:Hexaporobrachiidae
336:Dactyliosphaeridae
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1752:Taxon identifiers
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1726:heliozoan amoebae
1718:amoeboflagellates
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351:Ethmosphaeridae
331:Conocaryommidae
306:Astrosphaeridae
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219:is an order of
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1687:Rhizoplasmidae
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1662:Incertae sedis
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1611:Incertae sedis
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1596:Guembelitriida
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1590:Heterohelicida
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1140:
1139:
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1128:
1123:
1121:Phaeosphaerida
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1599:
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452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
436:Phacodiscidae
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
421:Parvivaccidae
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
376:Larnacillidae
374:
372:
369:
367:
366:Heliodiscidae
364:
362:
359:
357:
356:Gomberellidae
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
326:Coccodiscidae
324:
322:
319:
317:
316:Catenopylidae
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
278:
276:
274:
270:
269:prasinophytes
266:
265:cyanobacteria
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
243:
239:
235:
230:
226:
223:in the class
222:
218:
207:Haeckel, 1887
205:
202:
197:
194:
191:Haeckel, 1881
189:
186:
183:Haeckel, 1887
181:
180:Orosphaeridae
178:
175:Haeckel, 1862
173:
170:
166:
165:Heliodiscidae
163:
160:Haeckel, 1862
158:
157:Coccodiscidae
155:
151:
147:
143:
140:
139:
137:
132:
127:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1940:expanding it
1929:
1759:
1701:paraphyletic
1671:Lapot gusevi
1669:
1661:
1630:Heterogromia
1628:
1619:Involutinida
1610:
1558:Textulariida
1540:Ammodiscidae
1530:Spirillinida
1511:Tubothalamea
1500:Reticulomyxa
1498:
1493:Astrorhizida
1482:Allogromiida
1473:Monothalamea
1463:Foraminifera
1434:
1417:Polycystinea
1402:Holocanthida
1299:Vampyrellida
1264:Haplosporida
1251:Ascetosporea
1241:Reticulosida
1146:Cryomonadida
1131:Phaeogromida
1126:Phaeocalpida
1116:Phaeocystida
1098:Thecofilosea
1053:Variglissida
1048:Marimonadida
984:Sarcomonadea
974:Ventrifilosa
925:Metromonadea
909:Monadofilosa
852:Cryptofilida
844:Granofilosea
829:Aquavolonida
765:Opisthokonta
627:
590:
542:
522:
516:
396:Myelastridae
361:Hagiastridae
286:Actinommidae
238:Entactinaria
225:Polycystinea
221:radiolarians
216:
215:
152:Riedel, 1967
142:Actinommidae
120:
84:
71:
39:
24:Spumellaria
18:
1932:Radiolarian
1825:iNaturalist
1790:Spumellaria
1784:Wikispecies
1760:Spumellaria
1734:fungus-like
1710:flagellates
1573:Carterinida
1568:Robertinida
1435:Spumellaria
1430:Nassellaria
1309:Phagomyxida
1292:Proteomyxia
1269:Mikrocytida
867:Limnofilida
822:Skiomonadea
635:Spumellaria
501:Tritrabidae
496:Tholoniidae
481:Sponguridae
431:Patruliidae
391:Miropylidae
386:Litheliidae
381:Leugeonidae
341:Emiluviidae
291:Anakrusidae
273:haptophytes
253:pseudopodia
217:Spumellaria
204:Tholoniidae
172:Litheliidae
121:Spumellaria
111:Polycystina
38:Shell of a
1979:Categories
1636:Komokiacea
1520:Fusulinida
1425:Collodaria
1384:Acantharea
1374:Taxopodida
1356:Radiolaria
1304:Phytomyxea
1279:Paramyxida
1274:Paradinida
1106:Phaeodarea
1076:Euglyphida
1030:Imbricatea
1002:Katabiidae
890:Minorisida
582:References
461:Pyloniidae
346:Entapiidae
257:mixotrophs
249:tintinnids
188:Pyloniidae
40:Hexastylus
1563:Rotaliida
1525:Miliolida
1228:Gromiidea
1220:Marimyxia
1142:Eothecia
1038:Krakenida
955:Helkesida
932:Metopiida
834:Tremulida
760:Amoebozoa
738:Alveolata
726:Cryptista
701:Eukaryota
311:Bolenidae
134:Families
126:Ehrenberg
65:Eukaryota
1775:Q3967296
1769:Wikidata
1705:†extinct
1624:Lagenida
1440:Orodaria
1236:Gromiida
1211:Endomyxa
1156:Matazida
1151:Ebriacea
947:Helkesea
918:Eoglissa
802:Cercozoa
755:Amorphea
733:Rhizaria
721:Hacrobia
711:Excavata
696:Bacteria
671:Rhizaria
279:Families
234:Cambrian
229:protists
148:, 1862,
97:Phylum:
61:Domain:
1817:5955567
1804:2911249
1714:amoebae
1340:Retaria
770:Animals
691:Archaea
547:Haeckel
545:shell (
529:Gallery
245:nauplii
242:copepod
146:Haeckel
117:Order:
107:Class:
101:Retaria
1905:345835
1879:566631
1863:NZOR:
1830:152403
804:
800:
748:Plants
685:Domain
150:emend.
128:, 1875
1930:This
1900:WoRMS
1856:65583
1843:11505
1838:IRMNG
775:Fungi
85:Clade
72:Clade
1936:stub
1851:NCBI
1812:GBIF
519:taxa
42:sp.
1799:EoL
271:or
247:or
91:SAR
1981::
1902::
1889::
1876::
1853::
1840::
1827::
1814::
1801::
1786::
1771::
1732:;
1728:;
1724:;
1720:;
1716:;
1712:;
603:^
525:.
267:,
263:,
87::
74::
1967:e
1960:t
1953:v
1942:.
1892:5
1736:.
1699:*
1594:â€
1588:â€
1582:â€
1518:â€
1495:*
1484:*
1475:*
986:*
815:*
782:)
663:e
656:t
649:v
549:)
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