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are often forceful and inspired, but they are erratic, arbitrarily advanced, and, despite all their show of boldness, lacking in inward certainty and continuity. There is something unsettled about his whole nature: his fluctuation between realistic candor in general and silly mystification in particulars, between cold self-control, rapturous abandonment to sensual pleasures, and insecure and sometimes sentimental vaingloriousness, is not always easy to put up with; his literary style is very impressive and unmistakably original, but it is short-winded, not uniformly successful, and only seldom wholly takes possession of and fixes the subject. But, such as he was, he offered himself to the moment; circumstances seized him, tossed him about, and laid upon him a unique and unexpected destiny; they formed him so that he was compelled to come to terms with reality in a way which no one had done before him.
419:
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394:, written in 52 days, is set in Italy, which he considered a more sincere and passionate country than Restoration France. An aside in that novel, referring to a character who contemplates suicide after being jilted, speaks about his attitude towards his home country: "To make this course of action clear to my French readers, I must explain that in Italy, a country very far away from us, people are still driven to despair by love."
452:. Later, he would also suffer "restlessness in spirit" when one of his childhood friends, Victorine got married. In a letter to Pauline, he described her as the woman of his dreams and wrote that he would have discovered happiness if he became her husband. This fusion of, and tension between, clear-headed analysis and romantic feeling is typical of Stendhal's great novels; he could be considered a Romantic realist.
5500:
608:, Stendhal refers to a novel as a mirror being carried in a basket. The metaphor of the realistic novel as a mirror of contemporary reality, accessible to the narrator, has certain limitations, which the artist is aware of. A valuable realistic work exceeds the Platonic meaning of art as a copy of reality. A mirror does not reflect reality in its entirety, nor is the artist's aim to document it fully. In
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2227:(1986) p.500, quote (translation by Randall 2001 p.199): "used the texts of Carpani, Winckler, Sismondi et 'tutti quanti', as an ensemble of materials that he fashioned in his own way. In other words, by isolating his personal contribution, one arrives at the conclusion that the work, far from being a cento, is highly structured such that even the borrowed parts finally melt into a whole
318:
49:
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426:, in 1835: "I dreamed deeply of these names, and of the astonishing stupidities and stupidities they did to me." (From left to right: Virginie Kubly, Angela Pietragrua, Adèle Rebuffel, Mina de Griesheim, Mélanie Guilbert, Angelina Bereyter, Alexandrine Daru, Angela Pietragrua, Matilde Dembowski, Clémentine Curial, Giulia Rinieri, Madame Azur-Alberthe de Rubempré)
1115:, then, are very closely connected with contemporary historical circumstances; contemporary political and social conditions are woven into the action in a manner more detailed and more real than had been exhibited in any earlier novel, and indeed in any works of literary art except those expressly purporting to be politico-satirical tracts."
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1128:
a universal point of view in all things; but it is not only in the name of freedom in general but also in the name of individual happiness that
Stendhal calls for women's emancipation." Yet, Beauvoir criticises Stendhal for, although wanting a woman to be his equal, her only destiny he envisions for her remains a man.
1151:
We may ask ourselves how it came about that modern consciousness of reality began to find literary form for the first time precisely in Henri Beyle of
Grenoble. Beyle-Stendhal was a man of keen intelligence, quick and alive, mentally independent and courageous, but not quite a great figure. His ideas
1127:
de
Beauvoir writes "Stendhal never describes his heroines as a function of his heroes: he provides them with their own destinies." She furthermore points out that it "is remarkable that Stendhal is both so profoundly romantic and so decidedly feminist; feminists are usually rational minds that adopt
293:
Marie-Henri Beyle was born in
Grenoble, Isère, on 23 January 1783, into the family of the advocate and landowner Chérubin Beyle and his wife Henriette Gagnon. He was an unhappy child, disliking his "unimaginative" father and mourning his mother, whom he loved fervently, and who died in childbirth in
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When we are in
Bologna, we are entirely indifferent; we are not concerned to admire in any particular way the person with whom we shall perhaps one day be madly in love; even less is our imagination inclined to overrate their worth. In a word, in Bologna "crystallization" has not yet begun. When
372:
by finding a usable ford rather than the overwhelmed pontoon bridge, which probably saved his life and those of his companions. He arrived in Paris in 1813, largely unaware of the general fiasco that the retreat had become. Stendhal became known, during the
Russian campaign, for keeping his wits
510:
Stendhal used many aliases in his autobiographical writings and correspondence, and often assigned pseudonyms to friends, some of whom adopted the names for themselves. Stendhal used more than a hundred pseudonyms, which were astonishingly diverse. Some he used no more than once, while others he
467:
to treat his sexual disease, resulting in swollen armpits, difficulty swallowing, pains in his shrunken testicles, sleeplessness, giddiness, roaring in the ears, racing pulse and "tremors so bad he could scarcely hold a fork or a pen". Modern medicine has shown that his health problems were more
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and
Stendhal "the Novel owes its next great step forward...At that point it became suddenly evident that the Novel as such was capable of being regarded as a means of profoundly serious and many-sided discussion and therefore as a medium of profoundly serious investigation into the human case."
507:, an art historian and archaeologist famous at the time. However, it is not clear whether he chose the name in honour of Winckelmann or simply knew the place as a centre of communications between Berlin and Hanover. Stendhal added an additional "H" to make the Germanic pronunciation more clear.
1105:
that "it would be almost incomprehensible without a most accurate and detailed knowledge of the political situation, the social stratification, and the economic circumstances of a perfectly definite historical moment, namely, that in which France found itself just before the July
Revolution."
345:(Brunswick), where he fell in love with Wilhelmine von Griesheim, whom he called Minette, and for whose sake he remained in the city. "I have no inclination, now, except for Minette, for this blonde and charming Minette, this soul of the north, such as I have never seen in France or Italy."
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As I emerged from the porch of Santa Croce, I was seized with a fierce palpitation of the heart (that same symptom which, in Berlin, is referred to as an attack of the nerves); the well-spring of life was dried up within me, and I walked in constant fear of falling to the ground.
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concurred with Taine's assessment of
Stendhal's skills as a "psychologist", and although emphatic in his praise of Stendhal's psychological accuracy and rejection of convention, he deplored the various implausibilities of the novels and Stendhal's clear authorial intervention.
612:, the writer emphasizes the significance of selection when it comes to describing reality, with a view to realizing the cognitive function of a work of art, achieved through the categories of unity, coherence and typicality". Stendhal was an admirer of Napoleon and his novel
1002:
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is less common in France today, but was presumably the most common one in 19th-century France and perhaps the one preferred by
Stendhal, as shown by the at the time well-known phrase "Stendhal, c'est un scandale" as explained on page 88 of
511:
returned to throughout his life. "Dominique" and "Salviati" served as intimate pet names. He coins comic names "that make him even more bourgeois than he really is: Cotonnet, Bombet, Chamier." He uses many ridiculous names: "Don phlegm", "
1147:; one feels that the great events of contemporary history affected Stendhal much more directly than they did the other two; Rousseau did not live to see them, and Goethe had managed to keep aloof from them." Auerbach goes on to say:
531:
he writes: "Will I be believed if I say I'd wear a mask with pleasure and be delighted to change my name?...for me the supreme happiness would be to change into a lanky, blonde German and to walk about like that in Paris."
526:
and autobiographical writings include many comments on masks and the pleasures of "feeling alive in many versions." "Look upon life as a masked ball," is the advice that Stendhal gives himself in his diary for 1814. In
364:'s army in the 1812 invasion of Russia. Upon arriving, Stendhal witnessed the burning of Moscow from just outside the city as well as the army's winter retreat. He was appointed Commissioner of War Supplies and sent to
643:(1824), now more valued for its wide-ranging musical criticism than for its historical content. He also idealized aristocracy, noting its antiegalitarianism but appreciating how it is liberal in its love of liberty.
1014:, and takes the road to Rome. The departure, according to Stendhal, has nothing to do with one's will; it is an instinctive moment. This transformative process actuates in terms of four steps along a journey:
556:. He was not fully appreciated until the beginning of the 20th century. He dedicated his writing to "the Happy Few" (in English in the original). This can be interpreted as a reference to Canto 11 of
302:
His closest friend was his younger sister, Pauline, with whom he maintained a steady correspondence throughout the first decade of the 19th century. His family was part of the bourgeois class of the
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440:. She credited him for perceiving a woman as just a woman and simply a human being. Citing Stendhal's rebellious heroines, she maintained that he was a feminist writer. One of his early works is
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he describes or compares the "birth of love", in which the love object is 'crystallized' in the mind, as being a process similar or analogous to a trip to Rome. In the analogy, the city of
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This journey or crystallization process (shown above) was detailed by Stendhal on the back of a playing card while speaking to Madame Gherardi, during his trip to the Salzburg salt mine.
2208:, notes in a letter to a friend: 'he knows very well how to use what one reports to him, and, above all, he knows well how to appropriate foreign works. He translates passages from my
2204:
If the plagiarisms of Stendhal are legion, many are virtually translations: that is, cross-border plagiarism. Maurevert reports that Goethe, commenting enthusiastically on Stendhal's
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593:, "the happy few" refers ironically to the small number of people who read the title character's obscure and pedantic treatise on monogamy. As a literary critic, such as in
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1139:, are "far more closely, essentially, and concretely connected with the politics, sociology, and economics of the period than are, for example, the corresponding works of
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considered the psychological portraits of Stendhal's characters to be "real, because they are complex, many-sided, particular and original, like living human beings."
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1688:, p. 228 "...the novelist Stendhal, an officer in the commissariat, who was still among the luckiest men on the retreat, having preserved his carriage.".
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about him, and maintaining his "sang-froid and clear-headedness." He also maintained his daily routine, shaving each day during the retreat from Moscow.
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281:, 1839), he is highly regarded for the acute analysis of his characters' psychology and considered one of the early and foremost practitioners of
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considers Stendhal "the greatest all round French writer – author of two of the top 20 French novels, author of a highly original autobiography (
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Stendhal was a dandy and wit about town in Paris, as well as an obsessive womaniser. His genuine empathy towards women is evident in his books;
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Stendhal suffered miserable physical disabilities in his final years as he continued to produce some of his most famous work. He contracted
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at Trieste and Civitavecchia. He formed a particular attachment to Italy, where he spent much of the remainder of his career. His novel
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was essentially the literary counterpart of liberalism in politics. When Stendhal was appointed to a consular post in Trieste in 1830,
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Since Stendhal had lived and traveled extensively in Germany, it is of course also possible that he in fact pronounced his name as
1420:), and that some French speakers approximated this but that most used one of the two common French pronunciations of the spelling
1335:, which is run by a professor of linguistics and records the pronunciations of highly educated native speakers. The pronunciation
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566:, which refers to "the thousand happy few" who enjoy high society, or to the "we few, we happy few, we band of brothers" line of
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attributable to his treatment than to his syphilis. He is said to have sought the best treatment in Paris, Vienna and Rome.
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942:), a famous collection of essays on Italian painting, and biographies of several prominent figures of his time, including
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Stendhal died on 23 March 1842, a few hours after collapsing with a seizure in the street in Paris. He is interred in the
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856:), was published posthumously in 1892. Also published was a more extended autobiographical work, thinly disguised as the
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Angela Pietragrua is cited twice: during their first meeting in 1800; and when he fell in love with her in 1811.
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1298:- name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person.
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601:'s classicism to the freer verse and settings of Shakespeare, and supporting the writing of plays in prose.
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and historical dimensions. Stendhal was an avid fan of music, particularly the works of the composers
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1203:), a superb travel writer, and as inimitable a presence on the page as any writer you'll ever meet."
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were a revelation to Beyle. As an assistant war commissioner, he served in the administration of the
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calling him "that pet of all those who like their French plain". In the notes to his translation of
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Delight – one delights in overrating the beauty and merit of the person whose love one hopes to win.
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Nabokov wrote satirically, "Literary departments still labored under the impression that Stendhal,
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597:, Stendhal championed the Romantic aesthetic by unfavorably comparing the rules and strictures of
495:(September 1817) onwards, he published his works under the pseudonym "M. de Stendhal, officier de
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Napoleonic Friendship: Military Fraternity, Intimacy, and Sexuality in Nineteenth-century France
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Cite error: The named reference "JR" was defined multiple times with different content (see the
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Acknowledgement – one acknowledges the pleasantness of having gained the loved one's interest.
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285:. A self-proclaimed egotist, he coined the same characteristic in his characters' "Beylism".
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1467:"Stendhal: definition of Stendhal in Oxford dictionary (British & World English) (US)"
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In Auerbach's view, in Stendhal's novels "characters, attitudes, and relationships of the
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was "the most beautiful accident of my life, more so than even my discovery of Stendhal".
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The Illustrious Dead: The Terrifying Story of How Typhus Killed Napoleon's Greatest Army
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Paderborn: Wilhelm Fink, 2019 (Periplous. Münchener Studien zur Literaturwissenschaft).
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The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge: A Desk Reference for the Curious Mind
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1066:(1889) during a discussion of Dostoevsky as a psychologist, saying that encountering
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Contemporary readers did not fully appreciate Stendhal's realistic style during the
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on 3 August 1810, and thereafter took part in the French administration and in the
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2682:. George Allen & Unwin, 1980 (UK). written in collaboration with Carol Cosman.
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he encountered when he first visited the Tuscan city. As he described in his book
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341:, one of Napoleon's client states in Germany. From 1807 to 1808, Beyle lived in
1492:"Stendhal: definition of Stendhal in Oxford dictionary (American English) (US)"
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the Stendhal Express, though there is no physical distress connected to it.
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Stendhal's depiction of "crystallization" in the process of falling in love.
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1729:
Napoleonic Scholarship: The Journal of the International Napoleonic Society
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1517:"Stendhal - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary"
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Eros - Wunde - Restauration. Stendhal und die Entstehung des Realismus,
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He spent "the happiest years of his life" at the Beyle country house in
17:
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by Stirling Haig. On the other hand, many obituaries used the spelling
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in December 1808. As he noted in his journal, he was taking iodide of
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In 1817 Stendhal was reportedly overcome by the cultural richness of
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1725:"Following in the Footsteps of Glory: Stendhal's Napoleonic Career"
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considers modern "serious realism" to have begun with Stendhal and
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the journey begins, love departs. One leaves Bologna, climbs the
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Before settling on the pen name Stendhal, he published under many
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Stendhal: "The Red and the Black" and "The Charterhouse of Parma"
2212:
and claims to have heard the anecdote recounted by a marchesina.'
2109:. Lanham, Boulder, New York, London: Lexington Books. p. 8.
938:
His other works include short stories, journalism, travel books (
604:
According to the literary theorist Kornelije Kvas: "In his novel
3344:
2259:
Dousteyssier-Khoze, Catherine; Place-Verghnes, Floriane (2006).
1175:
is "much overrated", and that Stendhal has a "paltry style". In
991:
519:, said: "He never wrote a letter without signing a false name."
444:, a rational analysis of romantic passion that was based on his
3080:
2980:
2859:
1599:
Essential Novelists - Stendhal: modern consciousness of reality
548:, considered to be Stendhal's most notable and well-known work.
3076:
2832:
Digital version of Stendhal's shoulder-notes on his own books.
448:
for Mathilde, Countess Dembowska, whom he met while living at
360:
in Italy. He travelled extensively in Germany and was part of
2021:. Translated by Arthur Goldhammer. Harvard University Press.
1934:
Stendhal: The Red and the Black and The Charterhouse of Parma
368:
to prepare provisions for the returning army. He crossed the
223:
182:
2407:
Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature
1054:
refers to Stendhal as "France's last great psychologist" in
2587:
Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future
1018:
Admiration – one marvels at the qualities of the loved one.
211:
30:
This article is about the writer. For the German city, see
2851:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2817:
2262:
Poétiques de la parodie et du pastiche de 1850 à nos jours
1321:
is the most common in France today, as shown by the entry
415:
on account of Stendhal's liberalism and anti-clericalism.
2709:
Reading Realism in Stendhal (Cambridge Studies in French)
1573:. New York: St. Martin's Publishing Group. p. 1334.
1236:
The condition was diagnosed and named in 1979 by Italian
736:
Melancholy portrait of Stendhal by Ducis, 1835, in Milan.
238:
2088:
2086:
1375:
Literaturblatt für germanische und romanische Philologie
148:; 23 January 1783 – 23 March 1842), better known by his
2654:
Stendhal; Del Litto, Victor; Abravanel, Ernest (1970).
1024:
Hope – one envisions gaining the love of the loved one.
2410:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp.
1371:
was also already common at the time of his death (see
2611:. Translated by Common, Thomas. Courier Corporation.
2017:
Starobinski, Jean (1989). "Pseudononimous Stendhal".
1975:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 75.
1121:
uses Stendhal as an example of a feminist author. In
930:(1838; though first published posthumously in 1930) (
499:". He borrowed this pen name from the German city of
241:
232:
214:
205:
170:
2660:(in French). Vol. 41. le Cercle du bibliophile.
1702:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 9.
1640:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 11.
1494:. Oxforddictionaries.com. 2014-01-23. Archived from
1469:. Oxforddictionaries.com. 2014-01-23. Archived from
1378:(in German). Vol. 57 to 58. 1936. p. 175).
619:
Today, Stendhal's works attract attention for their
235:
226:
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208:
185:
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173:
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2525:
Naples and Florence: A Journey from Milan to Reggio
2184:
Pragmatic plagiarism: authorship, profit, and power
1909:
Study Guide to The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir
1856:
Paul Broca and the Origins of Language in the Brain
1224:
Naples and Florence: A Journey from Milan to Reggio
616:is considered his literary tribute to the emperor.
244:
217:
167:
124:
116:
105:
85:
62:
39:
2181:
261:), was a French writer. Best known for the novels
2676:A Lion for Love: A Critical Biography of Stendhal
2435:
2433:
2431:
1858:. San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing. p. 135.
1365:, which clearly indicates that the pronunciation
422:List of the women that he had loved, inserted in
5595:French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
2065:. Translated by Ellis, David. Horizon. pp.
1131:Even Stendhal's autobiographical works, such as
2605:Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (1 January 2004).
2132:How the French Won Waterloo - or Think They Did
1886:. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 218.
1149:
757:(1830, later published in the Paris periodical
306:, which explains his ambiguous attitude toward
1960:. Suffolk: Chapman and Hall. 1913. p. 74.
325:where Stendhal stayed in December 1812 during
3092:
2992:
2871:
2107:The Boundaries of Realism in World Literature
1668:. Coward, McCann & Geoghegan. p. 68.
8:
2590:. Translated by Hollingdale, R. J. Penguin.
1754:Sartre, Jean-Paul (September–October 2009).
401:and his sojourn in Italy convinced him that
1638:Stendhal: Fiction and the Themes of Freedom
1255:) amongst first-time visitors to the city.
576:, but Stendhal's use more likely refers to
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3085:
3077:
2999:
2985:
2977:
2878:
2864:
2856:
333:The military and theatrical worlds of the
47:
36:
2467:"The Strange Case of Pushkin and Nabokov"
2322:
2310:
1814:
1262:named their overnight train service from
1060:(1886). He also mentions Stendhal in the
544:The second volume of the 1831 edition of
380:, he left for Italy, where he settled in
2657:Vies de Haydn, de Mozart et de Métastase
2608:Twilight of the Idols and the Antichrist
1000:
5545:19th-century French short story writers
2799:: text, concordances and frequency list
2399:
2397:
2395:
2188:. University of Toronto Press. p.
2012:
2010:
1787:The British Journal of General Practice
1458:
1308:
877:(written in 1832 and published in 1892)
728:(1839–1842, unfinished, published 1889)
2746:Stendhal: The Background to the Novels
2092:
1381:
384:. In 1830, he was appointed as French
5446:Romanticism and the French Revolution
2584:Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (1973).
2042:Di Maio, Mariella (2011). "Preface".
2003:. Cambridge: CUP Archive. p. 67.
1994:
1992:
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1685:
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397:Stendhal identified with the nascent
256:
143:
7:
5600:French psychological fiction writers
2044:Aux âmes sensibles, Lettres choisies
1592:
1590:
1564:
1562:
2721:. London, Sinclair-Stevenson, 1994.
2711:. Cambridge University Press, 1988.
1911:. Nashville: Influence Publishers.
1670:
639:. He wrote a biography of Rossini,
1623:"Literary Encyclopedia – Stendhal"
700:(1835, unfinished, published 1894)
314:, and the monarchy later on.
25:
5555:19th-century pseudonymous writers
2157:Modernism and the Critical Spirit
1519:. Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31
554:Romantic period in which he lived
5499:
5498:
2784:
2748:. Oxford University Press, 1971.
2741:. London, Victor Gollancz, 1974.
2668:. New York, Noonday Press, 1959.
2465:Wilson, Edmund (July 15, 1965).
1936:. Oxon: Routledge. p. 261.
1723:Markham, J. David (April 1997).
1280:
928:Voyage dans le midi de la France
491:(1817). From the publication of
201:
163:
5590:French male short story writers
2495:Dirda, Michael (June 1, 2005).
2366:Wood, Michael (March 5, 2015).
1700:Stendhal: The Red and the Black
1347:Stendhal: The Red and the Black
1344:Haig, Stirling (22 June 1989).
1247:conditions (racing heart beat,
1159:was dismissive of Stendhal, in
886:The Private Diaries of Stendhal
5560:Burials at Montmartre Cemetery
2694:. Paris, Paul Ollendorf, 1914.
2626:Talty, Stephan (2 June 2009).
2548:. Cambridge University Press.
1350:. Cambridge University Press.
932:Travels in the South of France
1:
5540:19th-century French novelists
5469:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
2823:Centro Stendhaliano di Milano
2666:Stendhal: Notes on a Novelist
2563:Martin, Brian Joseph (2011).
2542:Green, F. C. (16 June 2011).
2229:a l'allure bien stendhalienne
1854:LaPointe, Leonard L. (2012).
1781:Bamforth, Iain (2010-12-01).
2475:The New York Review of Books
2440:De Beauvoir, Simone (1997).
2404:Auerbach, Erich (May 2003).
1569:Times, The New York (2011).
5615:Writers of the Romantic era
5550:19th-century French writers
2783:(public domain audiobooks)
2678:. Basic Books, 1979 (USA);
1884:Simone de Beauvoir on Woman
1664:Richardson, Joanna (1974).
1101:, he remarks of a scene in
976:In Stendhal's 1822 classic
869:(1835–1836, published 1890)
831:(1817–1818, published 1929)
660:Théophile Frédéric Winckler
5641:
5386:Coleridge's theory of life
2842:"Beyle, Marie Henri"
2768:Works by or about Stendhal
2373:The London Review of Books
2265:. Peter Lang. p. 34.
2155:Goodheart, Eugene (2018).
1388:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1243:, who had noticed similar
1210:
969:
505:Johann Joachim Winckelmann
29:
5478:
5441:Romanticism and economics
3456:Manuel Antônio de Almeida
2964:The Charterhouse of Parma
2948:The Life of Henry Brulard
2894:
2180:Randall, Marilyn (2001).
1636:Brombert, Victor (2018).
1133:The Life of Henry Brulard
866:The Life of Henry Brulard
848:Stendhal's brief memoir,
718:The Charterhouse of Parma
391:The Charterhouse of Parma
294:1790, when he was seven.
278:The Charterhouse of Parma
258:[stɛ̃dal,stɑ̃dal]
46:
27:French writer (1783–1842)
3221:German historical school
2290:. Routledge. p. 6.
2246:Les plagiats de Stendhal
2206:Rome, Naples et Florence
2130:Clarke, Stephen (2015).
2105:Kvas, Kornelije (2020).
2046:. Gallimard. p. 19.
900:Rome, Naples et Florence
760:La Revue des Deux Mondes
5610:French male biographers
5565:Conseil d'État (France)
3868:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski
3038:The Courier of the King
2848:Encyclopædia Britannica
2818:French site on Stendhal
2691:Stendhal et le beylisme
2286:Pearson, Roger (2014).
1932:Pearson, Roger (2014).
1882:Leighton, Jean (1975).
1698:Haig, Stirling (1989).
1412:(and perhaps also with
1400:(as the German city of
1258:In homage to Stendhal,
1050:The German philosopher
800:La Duchesse de Palliano
795:The Duchess of Palliano
646:In his works, Stendhal
633:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
489:The History of Painting
473:Cimetière de Montmartre
434:spoke highly of him in
378:Treaty of Fontainebleau
329:'s retreat from Russia.
321:A plaque on a house in
312:the Bourbon Restoration
5451:Romanticism in science
5406:Middle Ages in history
5401:List of Romantic poets
4113:Josiah Gilbert Holland
2956:The Pink and the Green
1958:The Fortnightly Review
1907:Rass, Rebecca (2020).
1234:
1154:
1006:
972:Crystallization (love)
922:Racine and Shakespeare
737:
713:La Chartreuse de Parme
705:The Pink and the Green
595:Racine and Shakespeare
591:The Vicar of Wakefield
579:The Vicar of Wakefield
549:
493:Rome, Naples, Florence
427:
330:
273:La Chartreuse de Parme
5620:Writers from Grenoble
5605:French travel writers
5585:French male novelists
5580:French male essayists
5421:Romantic epistemology
5411:Opium and Romanticism
3980:Stojadinović-Srpkinja
3206:Counter-Enlightenment
3046:The Red and the Black
3013:The Red and the Black
2932:Memoirs of an Egotist
2924:The Red and the Black
2809:The Red and the Black
2680:Stendhal. A Biography
2341:. Macmillan. p.
2063:Memoirs of an Egotist
1999:Green, F. C. (1939).
1971:Green, F. C. (1939).
1799:10.3399/bjgp10X544780
1783:"Stendhal's Syndrome"
1597:Nemo, August (2020).
1542:Pronny the pronouncer
1473:on September 25, 2013
1333:Pronny the pronouncer
1229:
1193:were great writers."
1137:Memoirs of an Egotist
1103:The Red and the Black
1063:Twilight of the Idols
1004:
918:Racine et Shakespéare
858:Life of Henry Brulard
854:Memoirs of an Egotist
735:
690:The Red and the Black
610:The Red and the Black
606:The Red and the Black
546:The Red and the Black
543:
529:Memoirs of an Egotist
424:Life of Henry Brulard
421:
339:Kingdom of Westphalia
320:
268:The Red and the Black
145:[maʁiɑ̃ʁibɛl]
5485:Age of Enlightenment
3127:England (literature)
2335:Wood, James (2008).
2223:Victor Del Litto in
1328:[stɛ̃daljɛ̃]
1201:Vie de Henry Brulard
1057:Beyond Good and Evil
874:Souvenirs d'égotisme
850:Souvenirs d'Égotisme
807:The Abbess of Castro
776:Vittoria Accoramboni
55:Olof Johan Södermark
5436:Romantic psychology
3231:Hudson River School
3175:Sweden (literature)
3160:Russia (literature)
2806:Audio Book (mp3) of
2792:StendhalForever.com
2744:Tillett, Margaret.
2697:Dieter, Anna-Lisa,
2502:The Washington Post
2444:. London: Vintage.
2368:"What is concrete?"
2159:. Oxon: Routledge.
1397:[ˈʃtɛndaːl]
1241:Graziella Magherini
1173:Le Rouge et le Noir
1052:Friedrich Nietzsche
881:Journal (1801–1817)
812:L'Abbesse de Castro
685:Le Rouge et le Noir
614:Le Rouge et le Noir
568:William Shakespeare
335:First French Empire
263:Le Rouge et le Noir
110:Montmartre Cemetery
5575:French biographers
3421:White Mountain art
3362:Historical fiction
3170:Spain (literature)
3030:The Secret Courier
2900:A Life of Napoleon
2828:2021-12-21 at the
2735:Richardson, Joanna
2664:Adams, Robert M.,
1315:The pronunciation
1171:, he asserts that
1119:Simone de Beauvoir
1080:, asserts that to
1035:Critical appraisal
1007:
828:A Life of Napoleon
768:Italian Chroniques
738:
708:(1837, unfinished)
637:Gioacchino Rossini
550:
432:Simone de Beauvoir
428:
331:
5512:
5511:
5426:Romantic medicine
5396:List of romantics
4835:
4834:
4486:Felix Mendelssohn
4481:Fanny Mendelssohn
4292:
4291:
4006:Rosalía de Castro
3944:Soares dos Passos
3292:Transcendentalism
3256:Nazarene movement
3216:Düsseldorf School
3074:
3073:
3065:Scarlet and Black
2974:
2973:
2777:Works by Stendhal
2763:Project Gutenberg
2759:Works by Stendhal
2731:. New York, 1945.
2639:978-0-307-45975-6
2618:978-0-486-43460-5
2597:978-0-14-044267-0
2576:978-1-58465-944-0
2555:978-1-107-60072-0
2338:How Fiction Works
2166:978-1-351-30910-3
2141:978-1-4735-0636-7
2116:978-1-7936-0910-6
2057:Stendhal (1975).
1982:978-1-107-60072-0
1973:An Amharic Reader
1943:978-0-582-09616-5
1918:978-1-64542-393-5
1893:978-0-8386-1504-1
1865:978-1-59756-604-9
1647:978-0-226-53829-7
1608:978-3-96799-211-3
1580:978-0-312-64302-7
1498:on March 26, 2013
1368:[stɛ̃dal]
1338:[stɑ̃dal]
1318:[stɛ̃dal]
1213:Stendhal syndrome
1207:Stendhal syndrome
1078:The English Novel
836:A Life of Rossini
629:Domenico Cimarosa
137:Marie-Henri Beyle
134:
133:
125:Literary movement
100:Kingdom of France
80:Kingdom of France
41:Marie-Henri Beyle
16:(Redirected from
5632:
5625:Rossini scholars
5570:French agnostics
5502:
5501:
5461:Evolution theory
4303:
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3297:Ukrainian school
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2797:Stendhal's works
2788:
2787:
2772:Internet Archive
2715:Keates, Jonathan
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1157:Vladimir Nabokov
1112:dramatis personæ
656:Giuseppe Carpani
584:Oliver Goldsmith
503:, birthplace of
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2830:Wayback Machine
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2729:Toward Stendhal
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1372:
1358:
1343:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1215:
1209:
1162:Strong Opinions
1074:Ford Madox Ford
1040:Hippolyte Taine
1037:
974:
968:
966:Crystallization
940:A Roman Journal
896:
846:
823:
755:Mina de Vanghel
743:
672:
538:
517:Prosper Mérimée
481:
446:unrequited love
376:After the 1814
358:Napoleonic wars
295:
291:
253:
231:
204:
195:
194:
166:
157:
156:
140:
94:
90:
74:
73:23 January 1783
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5433:
5428:
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5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5382:
5380:
5379:Related topics
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
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5119:
5114:
5109:
5107:Gallen-Kallela
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5082:David d'Angers
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5023:
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5019:Visual artists
5015:
5014:
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5006:
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4996:
4991:
4986:
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4979:Schleiermacher
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4244:Oehlenschläger
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3914:Castelo Branco
3910:
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3640:Brothers Grimm
3637:
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3607:
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3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3342:
3340:Gothic fiction
3337:
3330:
3328:British Marine
3325:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
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3282:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3226:Gothic revival
3223:
3218:
3213:
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3203:
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3193:
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2854:
2853:
2839:, ed. (1911).
2837:Chisholm, Hugh
2833:
2820:
2812:
2800:
2794:
2789:
2774:
2765:
2754:
2753:External links
2751:
2750:
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2705:Jefferson, Ann
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2442:The Second Sex
2427:
2420:
2391:
2358:
2351:
2327:
2323:Nietzsche 2004
2315:
2313:, p. 187.
2311:Nietzsche 1973
2303:
2297:978-0582096165
2296:
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2251:
2233:
2216:
2198:
2172:
2165:
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2122:
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2097:
2095:, p. 123.
2082:
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2034:
2027:
2019:The Living Eye
2006:
1988:
1981:
1963:
1949:
1942:
1924:
1917:
1899:
1892:
1871:
1864:
1846:
1844:, p. 239.
1834:
1832:, p. 158.
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1211:Main article:
1208:
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1124:The Second Sex
1089:Erich Auerbach
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970:Main article:
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681:
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641:Vie de Rossini
537:
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513:Giorgio Vasari
480:
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437:The Second Sex
370:Berezina River
354:Conseil d'État
300:near Grenoble.
290:
287:
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131:
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122:
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118:
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113:
107:
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102:
93:(aged 59)
87:
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4199:Nikolai Gogol
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2352:9780374173401
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2325:, p. 46.
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2076:9780818002243
2072:
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2038:
2035:
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2028:0-674-53664-9
2024:
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2013:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1995:
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1709:0-521-34189-2
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1559:
1548:on 2016-03-08
1547:
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1245:psychosomatic
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1206:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1197:Michael Dirda
1194:
1192:
1188:
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1180:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1168:Eugene Onegin
1164:
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1125:
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920:(1823–1825) (
919:
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844:Autobiography
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749:
748:Vanina Vanini
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719:
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699:
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697:Lucien Leuwen
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669:
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665:
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625:psychological
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304:Ancien Regime
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106:Resting place
104:
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97:
89:23 March 1842
88:
84:
81:
77:
65:
61:
56:
53:Stendhal, by
50:
45:
38:
33:
19:
5497:
5490:
5483:
5467:
5187:Porto-Alegre
4841:Philosophers
4725:Rachmaninoff
4174:Chavchavadze
4164:Baratashvili
3924:João de Deus
3893:Wincenty Pol
3685:Küchelbecker
3413:
3379:Noble savage
3366:
3332:
3307:Wallenrodism
3284:
3270:
3201:Coppet group
3135:(literature)
3063:
3044:
3036:
3028:
3011:
3007:
2962:
2954:
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2922:
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2887:
2846:
2808:
2745:
2738:
2728:
2725:Levin, Harry
2718:
2708:
2698:
2689:
2679:
2675:
2665:
2656:
2628:
2607:
2586:
2565:
2544:
2524:
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2500:
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2470:
2460:
2441:
2406:
2382:. Retrieved
2377:
2371:
2361:
2337:
2330:
2318:
2306:
2287:
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2254:
2245:
2242:Hazard, Paul
2236:
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2018:
2000:
1972:
1966:
1957:
1952:
1933:
1927:
1908:
1902:
1883:
1855:
1849:
1837:
1825:
1790:
1786:
1776:
1764:. Retrieved
1762:(59): 88–120
1759:
1749:
1737:. Retrieved
1732:
1728:
1718:
1699:
1693:
1681:
1665:
1637:
1631:
1617:
1598:
1570:
1550:. Retrieved
1546:the original
1541:
1532:
1521:. Retrieved
1511:
1500:. Retrieved
1496:the original
1486:
1475:. Retrieved
1471:the original
1461:
1441:
1433:[ɛ̃]
1427:[ɑ̃]
1421:
1374:
1362:
1346:
1332:
1322:
1311:
1257:
1238:psychiatrist
1235:
1230:
1222:
1216:
1200:
1195:
1176:
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1108:
1102:
1096:
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1077:
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1061:
1055:
1049:
1038:
1030:
1008:
996:perfect love
995:
988:indifference
987:
977:
975:
939:
937:
931:
927:
921:
917:
909:
905:
899:
884:
880:
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864:
857:
853:
849:
847:
834:
826:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
781:
774:
771:, 1837–1839
766:
758:
754:
746:
723:
717:
711:
703:
695:
689:
683:
675:
666:and others.
652:appropriated
645:
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618:
613:
609:
605:
603:
594:
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561:
551:
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492:
488:
482:
470:
454:
441:
435:
429:
423:
410:
409:refused his
396:
389:
375:
347:
343:Braunschweig
332:
292:
276:
272:
271:, 1830) and
266:
262:
152:
136:
135:
91:(1842-03-23)
5535:1842 deaths
5530:1783 births
5177:Michałowski
5009:Wackenroder
4974:F. Schlegel
4969:A. Schlegel
4745:Tchaikovsky
4634:Bortkiewicz
4506:R. Schumann
4501:C. Schumann
4466:Kalkbrenner
4435:Saint-Saëns
3740:Anne Brontë
3625:Eichendorff
3610:B. v. Arnim
3605:A. v. Arnim
3415:Weltschmerz
3374:Medievalism
3323:Blue flower
3251:Nationalist
3196:Bohemianism
3108:Romanticism
2815:(in French)
2803:(in French)
2536:Works cited
2471:nybooks.com
2093:Martin 2011
2059:"Chapter V"
1756:"War Diary"
1416:instead of
1408:instead of
1323:stendhalien
994:represents
986:represents
894:Non-fiction
599:Jean Racine
522:Stendhal's
465:quicksilver
403:Romanticism
5519:Categories
5052:Chassériau
5027:Aivazovsky
4735:Rubinstein
4720:Mussorgsky
4669:Wieniawski
4654:Paderewski
4496:Moszkowski
4279:Vörösmarty
4269:Shevchenko
4123:Longfellow
4047:Batyushkov
4042:Baratynsky
4011:Espronceda
3878:Mickiewicz
3873:Malczewski
3840:Wordsworth
3825:M. Shelley
3780:de Quincey
3645:Günderrode
3529:Baudelaire
3409:Wanderlust
3246:Lake Poets
2686:Blum, Léon
2523:Stendhal.
2421:069111336X
2380:(5): 19–21
1842:Green 2011
1830:Green 2011
1686:Talty 2009
1552:2013-08-30
1538:"Stendhal"
1523:2014-01-28
1502:2014-01-28
1477:2014-01-28
1453:References
1260:Trenitalia
1183:Galsworthy
1068:Dostoevsky
1044:Émile Zola
960:Metastasio
906:De L'Amour
558:Lord Byron
479:Pseudonyms
407:Metternich
399:liberalism
117:Occupation
69:1783-01-23
5492:Modernism
5152:Kiprensky
5112:Géricault
5097:Friedrich
5087:Delacroix
5062:Constable
5042:Bonington
5032:Bierstadt
4984:Senancour
4959:Schelling
4914:Lamennais
4909:Khomyakov
4874:Coleridge
4869:Chaadayev
4776:Stanković
4771:Mokranjac
4690:Balakirev
4649:Moniuszko
4598:Donizetti
4593:Cherubini
4491:Meyerbeer
4476:Marschner
4451:Beethoven
4364:Moscheles
4298:Musicians
4284:Wergeland
4249:Orbeliani
4204:Grundtvig
4108:Hawthorne
4077:Zhukovsky
4072:Vyazemsky
4057:Lermontov
4016:Gutiérrez
3975:Radičević
3939:Herculano
3863:Krasiński
3805:Radcliffe
3775:Coleridge
3750:E. Brontë
3745:C. Brontë
3675:Jean Paul
3670:Hölderlin
3559:Lamartine
3496:Magalhães
3486:Guimarães
3394:Pantheism
3384:Nostalgia
3236:Indianism
3184:Movements
3115:Countries
2886:Works by
2632:. Crown.
1807:0960-1643
1673:help page
1404:), using
1384:cite book
1253:dizziness
1012:Apennines
821:Biography
788:Les Cenci
783:The Cenci
650:excerpts
497:cavalerie
485:pen names
461:potassium
412:exequatur
352:with the
5525:Stendhal
5504:Category
5320:Dahlhaus
5305:Blanning
5272:Scholars
5242:Tropinin
5237:Tidemand
5227:Stattler
5222:Scheffer
5122:Głowacki
5092:Edelfelt
5047:Bryullov
4989:Snellman
4964:Schiller
4954:Rousseau
4934:Michelet
4879:Constant
4849:Belinsky
4822:Sibelius
4766:Konjović
4740:Scriabin
4710:Lyapunov
4644:Lipiński
4613:Spontini
4603:Paganini
4547:Goldmark
4338:Thalberg
4333:Schubert
4313:Bruckner
4274:Topelius
4264:Runeberg
4254:Prešeren
4224:Leopardi
4189:Frashëri
4179:Eminescu
4159:Andersen
4067:Tyutchev
4052:Karamzin
4026:Zorrilla
4021:Saavedra
3919:Castilho
3907:Portugal
3898:Słowacki
3800:Polidori
3730:Barbauld
3665:Hoffmann
3620:Brentano
3534:Bertrand
3355:Romantic
3191:Ancients
3165:Scotland
3008:Stendhal
2888:Stendhal
2826:Archived
2781:LibriVox
2739:Stendhal
2719:Stendhal
2569:. UPNE.
2545:Stendhal
2508:July 24,
2480:July 24,
2384:July 24,
2244:(1921).
2225:Stendhal
2001:Stendhal
1766:July 22,
1739:July 22,
1666:Stendhal
1274:See also
1219:Florence
1141:Rousseau
944:Napoleon
908:(1822) (
741:Novellas
716:(1839) (
664:Sismondi
648:reprised
563:Don Juan
457:syphilis
366:Smolensk
362:Napoleon
327:Napoleon
308:Napoleon
153:Stendhal
150:pen name
76:Grenoble
18:Stendahl
5345:Lovejoy
5280:Abraham
5202:Richard
5192:Préault
5117:Girodet
4999:Thoreau
4944:Novalis
4929:Mazzini
4924:Maistre
4899:Hazlitt
4884:Emerson
4864:Carlyle
4854:Berchet
4797:Berwald
4792:Bennett
4761:Hristić
4715:Medtner
4695:Borodin
4685:Arensky
4608:Rossini
4583:Bellini
4562:Joachim
4535:Hungary
4516:Strauss
4444:Germany
4410:Berlioz
4379:Voříšek
4374:Smetana
4352:Czechia
4306:Austria
4239:Maturin
4234:Manzoni
4209:Heliade
4184:Foscolo
4154:Alfieri
4149:Abovian
4103:Emerson
4062:Pushkin
4001:Bécquer
3934:Garrett
3888:Potocki
3835:Southey
3795:Maturin
3765:Carlyle
3722:Britain
3695:Novalis
3650:Gutzkow
3598:Germany
3564:Mérimée
3549:Gautier
3476:Barreto
3471:Azevedo
3451:Alencar
3431:Writers
3350:Byronic
3286:Purismo
3140:Germany
3122:Denmark
2908:Armance
2811:incipit
2770:at the
2412:454–464
1816:2991758
1402:Stendal
1363:Styndal
1296:Mononym
1187:Dreiser
1098:Mimesis
1082:Diderot
984:Bologna
979:On Love
956:Rossini
911:On Love
814:, 1832)
790:, 1837)
692:, 1830)
677:Armance
573:Henry V
524:Journal
501:Stendal
442:On Love
350:auditor
323:Vilnius
283:realism
254:French:
141:French:
129:Realism
112:, Paris
32:Stendal
5370:Wellek
5350:de Man
5335:Janion
5325:Ferber
5300:Berlin
5295:Beiser
5290:Barzun
5285:Abrams
5262:Wiertz
5247:Turner
5197:Révoil
5182:Palmer
5172:Martin
5167:Leutze
5142:Janmot
5102:Fuseli
5057:Church
4949:Quinet
4939:Müller
4894:Goethe
4889:Fichte
4812:Franck
4754:Serbia
4705:Glinka
4678:Russia
4664:Tausig
4659:Stolpe
4639:Chopin
4627:Poland
4588:Busoni
4552:Heller
4521:Wagner
4456:Brahms
4430:Onslow
4420:Halévy
4388:France
4369:Reicha
4359:Dvořák
4328:Mahler
4323:Hummel
4318:Czerny
4214:Isaacs
4194:Geijer
4128:Lowell
4118:Irving
4098:Cooper
4093:Bryant
4035:Russia
3970:Njegoš
3965:Kostić
3960:Jakšić
3953:Serbia
3883:Norwid
3858:Fredro
3850:Poland
3820:Seward
3710:Uhland
3700:Schwab
3690:Mörike
3680:Kleist
3635:Goethe
3630:Fouqué
3579:Nodier
3574:Nerval
3569:Musset
3521:France
3511:Varela
3506:Taunay
3491:Macedo
3439:Brazil
3389:Ossian
3316:Themes
3155:Poland
3150:Norway
3132:France
3049:(1954)
3041:(1947)
3033:(1928)
3016:(1830)
2967:(1839)
2959:(1837)
2951:(1836)
2943:(1835)
2935:(1832)
2927:(1830)
2919:(1829)
2911:(1827)
2903:(1818)
2636:
2615:
2594:
2573:
2552:
2448:
2418:
2349:
2294:
2269:
2196:
2163:
2138:
2113:
2073:
2025:
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1940:
1915:
1890:
1862:
1813:
1805:
1706:
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1605:
1577:
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1268:Venice
1249:nausea
1189:, and
1145:Goethe
1093:Balzac
952:Mozart
902:(1817)
839:(1824)
751:(1829)
725:Lamiel
680:(1827)
670:Novels
386:consul
120:Writer
57:, 1840
5456:Bacon
5365:Rosen
5360:Ricks
5355:Nancy
5315:Blume
5310:Bloom
5232:Stroy
5217:Saleh
5212:Runge
5162:Lampi
5147:Jones
5137:Hayez
5072:Corot
5037:Blake
5004:Tieck
4994:Staël
4919:Larra
4904:Hegel
4859:Burke
4817:Grieg
4807:Field
4802:Elgar
4785:Other
4618:Verdi
4576:Italy
4567:Liszt
4557:Hubay
4542:Erkel
4526:Weber
4511:Spohr
4471:Loewe
4461:Bruch
4425:Méhul
4415:Fauré
4405:Auber
4400:Alkan
4259:Raffi
4229:Mácha
4219:Lenau
4169:Botev
4142:Other
3994:Spain
3929:Dinis
3815:Scott
3790:Keats
3770:Clare
3760:Byron
3755:Burns
3735:Blake
3720:Great
3705:Tieck
3660:Heine
3655:Hauff
3589:Vigny
3584:Staël
3544:Dumas
3466:Assis
3461:Alves
3446:Abreu
3399:Rhine
3302:Ultra
3145:Japan
1303:Notes
1264:Paris
1095:. In
1076:, in
948:Haydn
654:from
621:irony
536:Works
450:Milan
382:Milan
298:Claix
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5330:Frye
5257:Ward
5252:Veit
5207:Rude
5157:Koch
5132:Gude
5127:Goya
5077:Dahl
5067:Cole
4395:Adam
4343:Wolf
4086:U.S.
3985:Zmaj
3615:Beer
3554:Hugo
3501:Reis
3481:Dias
3345:Hero
3280:Post
3241:Jena
3211:Dark
3022:Film
2634:ISBN
2613:ISBN
2592:ISBN
2571:ISBN
2550:ISBN
2510:2015
2482:2015
2446:ISBN
2416:ISBN
2386:2015
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2292:ISBN
2267:ISBN
2194:ISBN
2161:ISBN
2136:ISBN
2111:ISBN
2071:ISBN
2023:ISBN
1977:ISBN
1938:ISBN
1913:ISBN
1888:ISBN
1860:ISBN
1803:ISSN
1768:2015
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1704:ISBN
1642:ISBN
1603:ISBN
1575:ISBN
1430:and
1422:-en-
1410:/ɛ̃/
1406:/ɛn/
1390:link
1352:ISBN
1251:and
1191:Mann
1178:Pnin
992:Rome
990:and
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