Military strategy - Knowledge (XXG)

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Nevertheless, the World War I tank's limitations, imposed by the limits of contemporary engineering technology, have to be borne in mind. They were slow (men could run, and frequently walk, faster); vulnerable (to artillery) due to their size, clumsiness and inability to carry armour against anything but rifle and machine gun ammunition; extremely uncomfortable (conditions inside them often incapacitating crews with engine fumes and heat, and driving some mad with noise); and often despicably unreliable (frequently failing to make it to their targets due to engine or track failures). This was the factor behind the seemingly mindless retention of large bodies of cavalry, which even in 1918, with armies incompletely mechanised, were still the only armed force capable of moving significantly faster than an infantryman on foot. It was not until the relevant technology (in engineering and communications) matured between the wars that the tank and the airplane could be forged into the co-ordinated force needed to truly restore manoeuvre to warfare.

59: 3248: 4570:. This campaign sought to further stretch Japanese supply lines, preventing the invasion of the Australian mainland until the arrival of fresh American troops and the return of seasoned Australian soldiers from Europe. This can be seen as a variant of the war of attrition strategy, where the defender—out of necessity—had to hold the aggressor at a semi-static defensive line, rather than falling back in the face of superior numbers. This method is in stark contrast to the Russian scorched earth policy against Napoleon in 1812, where the defenders yielded home territory in favour of avoiding open battle. In both cases the lack of supplies was successful in blunting the assaults, following exhaustive defensive efforts. 3868:

done by attacking Germany's allies. The term "knocking away the props" was used, perhaps as a consequence of the fact that all of Germany's allies lay south of (i.e., "beneath") it on the map. Proponents of the Western viewpoint make the point that Germany's allies were more than once rescued from disaster or rendered capable of holding their own or making substantial gains by the provision of German troops, arms or military advisers, whereas those allies did not at any time provide a similar function for Germany. That is, it was Germany which was the prop, and its allies (particularly Bulgaria and Austria-Hungary) did not suffer significant reverses until Germany's ability to come to their aid was grossly impaired.

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military-hierarchical and adapted to the local supporting populace who hide them. The centre provides the political idea and driving logic, perhaps with overall direction and some funding. Local groups decide their own plans, raise much of their own funding and may be more or less aligned to the centre's aims. Defeat of guerilla forces (when revealed) does not disable this type of organisation, many modern attack strategies will tend to increase the power of the group they intend to weaken. A new more political strategy is perhaps more appropriate here – with military backing. Such a strategy has been illustrated in the war against the IRA, though an adoption and codification are unclear.

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suggested that the amount of force used by a warring state would and should be proportional to whatever political aim that the state sought to achieve via war. Clausewitz further dismissed "geometry" as an insignificant factor in strategy, believing instead that ideally all wars should follow the Napoleonic concept of victory through a decisive battle of annihilation and destruction of the opposing force, at any cost. However, he also recognized that his ideal of how war should be fought was not always practical in reality and that limited warfare could influence policy by wearing down the opposition through a "

2494:, Chief of the Imperial General Staff and co-chairman of the Anglo-US Combined Chiefs of Staff Committee for most of the Second World War, described the art of military strategy as: "to derive from the aim a series of military objectives to be achieved: to assess these objectives as to the military requirements they create, and the pre-conditions which the achievement of each is likely to necessitate: to measure available and potential resources against the requirements and to chart from this process a coherent pattern of priorities and a rational course of action." 4460:"). As a result, even though huge territories were captured by the Germans, the production potential of the Soviet economy was not correspondingly harmed, and the factories shifted to mass production of military equipment quickly. Even before the war, Soviet industrialization had brought Soviet GDP to a level roughly equivalent to Germany. Although a significant part of the urban population had been captured by Germany in the 1941 campaign, the Soviet economy immediately went to a total war footing and was soon outproducing the German economy in war materiel. 3288:. This forced the opponent to either march to battle with Napoleon or attempt to find an escape route around the army. By placing his army into the rear, his opponent's supplies and communications would be cut. This had a negative effect on enemy morale. Once joined, the battle would be one in which his opponent could not afford defeat. This also allowed Napoleon to select multiple battle angles into a battle site. Initially, the lack of force concentration helped with foraging for food and sought to confuse the enemy as to his real location and intentions. 4012:

parts of the Western Front, a consequence in part of an almost endless supply of fresh American reinforcements (which the Germans were unable to match) and in part of industry at last supplying the weakened Entente armies with the firepower to replace the men they lacked (while Germany wanted for all sorts of materials thanks to the naval blockade). Interior lines thus became meaningless as Germany had nothing more to offer its allies. The props eventually fell, but only because they were themselves no longer supported.

4359:, the United States entered the war. Britain was now also at war with imperial Japan, whose forces inflicted rapid defeats on British forces in Asia, capturing Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore and Burma. Nevertheless, Churchill expressed the view that with the entry of the USA into the war, ultimate victory was assured for the Allies. "All the rest was merely the proper application of overwhelming force". From this point onward, the strategy of the Allies, other than the USSR, is better addressed as joint Allied Strategy 3396: 2674: 4440:

for most of the pre-war period, but the failure of appeasement convinced Stalin that the Allies were actively seeking a Nazi–Soviet war. The Soviet government doubted that a war against Germany could be avoided. However, negotiations were continued in order to, at the very least, buy time and permit the Soviets to secure the Soviet–German border through expansion and pressure on strategically important states perceived as possible German allies in a future war. The signing of the

4918:. The ability of conventional forces to deliver utility (effect) from their hugely powerful forces is largely nullified by the difficulties of distinguishing and separating combatants from the civilian populace in whose company they hide. The use of the military by the politicians to police areas seen as bases for these guerrillas leads to them becoming targets themselves which eventually undermines the support of the populace from whom they come and whose values they represent. 2965: 4111:, enabled the rapid movement of large numbers of men. One of Germany's key enablers in mobile warfare was the use of radios, where these were put into every tank. However, the number of men that one officer could effectively control had, if anything, declined. The increases in the size of the armies led to an increase in the number of officers. Although the officer ranks in the US Army did swell, in the German army the ratio of officers to total men remained steady. 3388: 4004:

1918) and the German homefront entered general revolt over a lack of food and destruction of the economy. Victory for the Entente was almost assured by that point, and the fact of Germany's military impotence was driven home in the following hundred days. In this time, the Entente reversed the gains the Germans had made in the first part of the year, and the British Army (spearheaded by the Canadians and Australians) finally broke the

2620: 4609:, the Communist forces, who were dramatically reduced by physical exhaustion, disease and warfare, were in danger of destruction by the pursuing Nationalist forces. Mao then convinced other high-ranking political officers in the party to acquire the support of the local population whilst fighting their way northwards from the Nationalist forces. Shortly thereafter he formulated the concept of people's war, promising 2146: 6521: 4618:

avoids decisive battles, since their tiny military force would easily be routed in an all-out confrontation with the government's army. Instead, it favours a three-stage strategy of protracted warfare, engaging only in carefully chosen battles that can realistically be won. Relying on the local population and using small military units, ensures that there are few problems concerning logistics and supplies.

3766: 3556: 3327: 3126: 4000:, Germany launched and almost succeeded in a final offensive. However, the new tactics of autonomy revealed a weakness in terms of overall coordination and direction. The March offensive, intended to drive a wedge between the French and British armies, turn on the latter and destroy it, lost direction and became driven by its territorial gains, its original purpose neglected. 2490:'s definition of strategy is "presenting the manner in which military power should be developed and applied to achieve national objectives or those of a group of nations." Strategy may be divided into 'grand strategy', geopolitical in scope and 'military strategy' that converts the geopolitical policy objectives into militarily achievable goals and campaigns. Field Marshal 4668:. Later on the war turned into a stalemated two-year confrontation between the opposing forces. Thus, years after the war, the Chinese government began a series of army modernization and professionalization that would radically change the concept of the strategy, and in the 1980s and 1990s the concept of people's war was changed to include more high-technology weaponry. 3309:). This was designed to achieve the highest concentration of men into the primary battle while limiting the enemy's ability to reinforce the critical battle. The central position did have a weakness in that the full power of the pursuit of the enemy could not be achieved because the second army needed attention. Napoleon used the central position strategy during the 4625:. As it grows in power, it enters stage two, establishes other revolutionary base areas, where it may exercise governing power and gain popular support through political programmes, such as land reform. Eventually in stage three, the movement has enough strength to encircle and capture cities of increasing size, until finally it seizes power in the entire country. 3485: 4632:, the concept of People's War was the basis of strategy against the Japanese and Nationalist forces, and also against a hypothetical Russian invasion of China. The concept of people's war became less important with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the increasing possibility of conflict with the United States over Taiwan. 4348:. Through this period, and until the German invasion of the USSR in June 1941, there was no possibility of Britain winning the war alone, and so British Grand Strategy aimed to bring the USA into the war on the allied side. Prime Minister Churchill devoted much of his diplomatic efforts to this goal. In August 1941, at the 4071:, commander of the Reichswehr Truppenamt, for 57 areas of strategy and tactics to learn from World War I and to adapt strategy to avoid the stalemate and then defeat they had suffered. All seem to have seen the strategic shock value of mobility and the new possibilities made possible by motorised forces. Both saw that the 4399:, the Allies agreed to demand Axis unconditional surrender, a war aim which implied the physical occupation of Germany with land forces. While building up strength for an invasion of continental Europe, the Allies pursued an indirect strategy by invading Europe from the South. After defeating Axis forces in North Africa ( 3472:

them to squander most of the assets of their Iberian army in protecting the army's line of communications. This was a very cost effective move for the British, because it cost far less to aid Spanish insurgents than it did to equip and pay regular British army units to engage the same number of French troops.

4555:(possible invasion plans were considered by the Japanese high command, though there was strong opposition). Australia's policy became based entirely on domestic defense following the attacks on Pearl Harbor and British assets in the South Pacific. Defying strong British opposition, Australian Prime Minister 4723:. Instead of mainly being confined to Europe or the Pacific, the entire world was the battlefield, with countries rather than armies acting as main players. The only constant rule was that troops of the Soviet Union and the United States could not overtly fight with each other. Military strategy involved 6332:

publishes several dozen papers and books yearly focusing on current and future military strategy and policy, national security, and global and regional strategic issues. Most publications are relevant to the International strategic community, both academically and militarily. All are freely available

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had a fairly promising strategy: hunker down, tolerate the bombing, and wait for Russian pressure or NATO internal dissension to weaken the alliance's resolve. Had Milosevic not thoroughly 'cleansed' Kosovo a hunker-down strategy might well have succeeded, as a number of NATO officials with whom we

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quickly recognized that the key to victory was the economic defeat of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union had adopted an aggressive posture of Communist expansionism following the end of World War II, with the United States and its strong navy quickly finding that it had to aggressively defend much of

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under Mao's stern orders after their decisive victories in northern Korea, they were met by an indifferent and sometimes hostile Southern population who, despite intimidation, were not willing to help them. This prevented them from defeating the UN forces in Korea and, after their hard-fought victory

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formation to attack the enemy. His opponents, being suddenly confronted with a new threat and with little reserves, had no choice but to weaken the area closest to the flanking formation and draw up a battle line at a right angle in an attempt to stop this new threat. Once this had occurred, Napoleon

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Compared to the armies of Genghis, nearly all other armies were cumbersome and relatively static. It was not until well into the 20th century that any army was able to match the speed of deployment of Genghis' armies. When confronted with a fortified city, the Mongol imperatives of maneuver and speed

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programs to the local populace and execution of the local landlords in the areas the Communists control. Using this strategy not only prevented the Communist leadership from collapsing, but also raised popular support across China, which eventually allowed them to take total control over the Chinese

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by the US and its allies), the Japanese government saw no other option than to conquer the oil sources in South-East Asia. Since these were controlled by American allies, war with the USA was seen as inevitable; thus, Japanese leaders decided it would be best to deal a severe blow to the U.S. first.

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It quickly became apparent that the war in the east would be pitiless and total. Soviet strategy was therefore aimed at preserving the state, at whatever cost, and then the ultimate defeat and conquest of Germany. This strategy was successful. By 1943, the USSR was confident in final victory and new

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Upon the outbreak of war in September 1939, British rearmament was not yet complete, although the Royal Air Force had been greatly expanded and programmes for new aircraft and equipment such as radar defences were just coming to fruition. Britain remained incapable of offensive operations except for

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demonstrated firepower, mobility and protection. The Germans seem to have seen more clearly the need to make all branches of the Army as mobile as possible to maximise the results of this strategy. It would negate the static defences of the trench and machine gun and restore the strategic principles

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Though his methods are questioned, Britain's Field Marshal Haig was ultimately proved correct in his grand strategic vision: "We cannot hope to win until we have defeated the German Army." By the end of the war, the best German troops were dead and the remainder were under continuous pressure on all

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World War I strategy was dominated by the "spirit of the offensive", where generals resorted almost to mysticism in terms of a soldier's personal "attitude" in order to break the stalemate; this led to nothing but bloody slaughter as troops in close ranks charged machine guns. Each side developed an

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Perhaps the most controversial aspect of strategy in World War I was the difference among the British between the "Western" viewpoint (held by Field Marshal Haig) and the "Eastern"; the former being that all effort should be directed against the German Army, the latter that more useful work could be

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up to date. Influenced by Jomini's principles of strategy, he saw that in the coming wars, where economic strategy could be as important as military strategy, control of the sea granted the power to control the trade and resources needed to wage war. Mahan pushed the concept of the "big navy" and an

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in which the Greek forces were outnumbered stood as a good military strategy. The Greek allied forces ultimately lost the battle, but the training, use of armor, and location allowed them to defeat many Persian troops before losing. In the end, the Greek alliance lost the battle but not the war as a

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According to Greene and Armstrong, some planners assert adhering to the fundamental principles guarantees victory, while others claim war is unpredictable and the strategist must be flexible. Others argue predictability could be increased if the protagonists were to view the situation from the other

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could be "We want to conquer area X", or "We want to stop country Y's expansion in world trade in commodity Z"; while tactical decisions range from a general statement—e.g., "We're going to do this by a naval invasion of the North of country X", "We're going to blockade the ports of country Y", to a

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are often seen as much less effective than the unconventional forces that modern militaries may also possess. The new opponents operate at a local level, whereas industrial armed forces work at a much higher "theatre" level. The nervous system of these new opponents is largely political rather than

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were invaded, leading to the defeat of Fascist Italy. Churchill especially favoured a Southern strategy, aiming to attack the "soft underbelly" of Axis Europe through Italy, Greece and the Balkans in a strategy similar to the First World War idea of "knocking out the supports". Roosevelt favoured a

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meant striking at the enemy's heartland—his cities, industry and communications. Air power would thereby reduce his willingness and capacity to fight. At this time the idea of the aircraft carrier and its capabilities also started to change thinking in those countries with large fleets, but nowhere

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when confronted with two or more enemy armies was the use of the central position. This allowed Napoleon to drive a wedge to separate the enemy armies. He would then use part of his force to mask one army while the larger portion overwhelmed and defeated the second army quickly. He would then march

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provides a useful example. Genghis' successes, and those of his successors, were based on manoeuvre and terror. The main focus of Genghis' strategic assault was the psychology of the opposing population. By steady and meticulous implementation of this strategy, Genghis and his descendants were able

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which are involved in guerrilla military actions but which are not traditional organizations with a central authority defining their military and political strategies. Organizations such as Al-Qaeda may exist as a sparse network of groups lacking central coordination, making them more difficult to

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The major militaries of today are largely set up to fight the "last war" (previous war) and hence have huge armoured and conventionally configured infantry formations backed up by air-forces and navies designed to support or prepare for these forces. Many are today deployed against guerrilla-style

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Early Soviet strategy aimed to avoid or delay war, while developing the central government's hold over the state and expanding the industrial base. Soviet economy and military was weak, but rapidly expanding in an intense industrialization process. The USSR had been overtly hostile to Nazi Germany

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Napoleon's practical strategic triumphs, repeatedly leading smaller forces to defeat larger ones, inspired a whole new field of study into military strategy. In particular, his opponents were keen to develop a body of knowledge in this area to allow them to counteract a masterful individual with a

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Each archer had at least one extra horse—there was an average of five horses per man—thus the entire army could move with astounding rapidity. Moreover, since horse milk and horse blood were the staples of the Mongolian diet, Genghis' horse-herds functioned not just as his means of movement but as

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and involves using diplomatic, informational, military and economic resources. Military strategy involves using military resources such as people, equipment, and information against the opponent's resources to gain supremacy or reduce the opponent's will to fight, developed through the precepts of

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Australia's historical ties with Britain meant that with the commencement of World War II its armies were sent overseas to contribute to battles in Europe. Fear from the north was so understated that at the outbreak of open warfare with Japan, Australia itself was extremely vulnerable to invasion

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With both Japan and the US fighting two-front wars (against each other in the Pacific, and additionally the US in Europe and the Japanese in China), the far greater American economic power enabled the US forces to replace battle losses considerably faster and to eventually outgun the Japanese. In

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of 1941 came earlier than expected to the Soviet leadership, resulting in the catastrophic loss of over 4 million Soviet soldiers killed or captured. Nevertheless, the USSR managed to halt the German advance at the outskirts of Moscow and Leningrad. With spies providing the certain knowledge that

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World War I ended when the ability of the German army to fight became so diminished that Germany asked for peace conditions. The German military, exhausted by the efforts of the March offensives and dispirited by their failure, was first seriously defeated during the Battle of Amiens (8–11 August

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and a small regular army, were forced to undertake a rapid expansion of the army. This outpaced the rate of training of generals and staff officers able to handle such a mammoth force, and overwhelmed the ability of British industry to equip it with the necessary weapons and adequate high-quality

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for control of large armies. He recognised the need to delegate control to subordinate commanders and to issue directives rather than specific orders. Moltke is most remembered as a strategist for his belief in the need for flexibility and that no plan, however well prepared, can be guaranteed to

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The Peninsular campaign was notable for the development of another method of warfare which went largely unnoticed at the time, but would become far more common in the 20th century. That was the aid and encouragement the British gave to the Spanish to harass the French behind their lines which led

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are closely related and exist on the same continuum; modern thinking places the operational level between them. All deal with distance, time and force but strategy is large scale, can endure through years, and is societal while tactics are small scale and involve the disposition of fewer elements

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The primary effect of insurgent elements upon conventional force strategy is realized in the twofold exploitation of the inherent violence of military operations. Conventional armies face political attrition for each action they take. Insurgent forces can cause harm and create chaos (whereby the

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The people's war is not only a military strategy but also a political one. In its original formulation by Mao Zedong, people's war exploits the few advantages that a small revolutionary movement has against a government's power including a large and well-equipped army. People's war strategically

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In its purest form, strategy dealt solely with military issues. In earlier societies, a king or political leader was often the same person as the military leader. If not, the distance of communication between the political and the military leader was small. But as the need of a professional army

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summed it up thus "Strategy is the art of distributing and applying military means, such as armed forces and supplies, to fulfil the ends of policy. Tactics means the dispositions for, and control of, military forces and techniques in actual fighting. Put more shortly: strategy is the art of the

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Clausewitz saw war first and foremost as a political act, and thus maintained that the purpose of all strategy was to achieve the political goal that the state was seeking to accomplish. As such, Clausewitz famously argued that war was the "continuation of politics by other means", and as such,

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took advantage of these developments to pursue an effective "battle of annihilation". Napoleon invariably sought to achieve decision in battle, with the sole aim of utterly destroying his opponent, usually achieving success through superior maneuver. As ruler and general he dealt with the grand

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who expanded on Clausewitz's concept of "limited warfare" to produce a theory on the "strategy of exhaustion". His theory defied popular military thinking of the time, which was strongly in favour of victory in battle, yet World War I would soon demonstrate the flaws of a mindless "strategy of

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As the army was being defeated and giving up ground in the initial assault, a gigantic operation was staged to move economic capacity from the Western areas that were about to be overrun, to Eastern regions in the Urals and central Asia that were out of reach of the Germans. Entire factories,

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The role of the tank in World War I strategy is often poorly understood. Its supporters saw it as the weapon of victory, and many observers since have accused the high commands (especially the British) of shortsightedness in this matter, particularly in view of what tanks have achieved since.

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As the British army could be correspondingly smaller it was able to supply its troops by sea and land without having to live off the land as was the norm at the time. Further, because they did not have to forage they did not antagonise the locals and so did not have to garrison their lines of

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Hitler wanted not only to eradicate the Jews; he wanted also to destroy Poland and the Soviet Union as states, eliminate their ruling classes, and kill tens of millions of Slavs (Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles). If the German war against the USSR had gone as planned, thirty million

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failed to destroy the crucial targets (aircraft carriers and, most crucially for Japan's ability to hold island bases, submarines) and ignored others (oil tank farms, power station), thus the U.S. Navy was not weakened enough to force withdrawal. The psychological effect also caused the U.S.

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generally required a ratio of ten attackers to one defender, or a level of artillery support which was simply not feasible until late 1917, for any reasonable chance of victory. The ability of the defender to move troops using interior lines prevented the possibility of fully exploiting any

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which had won the First World War, Britain's strategy for continental war was based on alliance with France and later unsuccessful efforts to engage Fascist Italy and the USSR in an effort to contain Germany. Confronted with the rise of Hitler's power on the continent in 1933, and weakened

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The all-out nuclear World War III between NATO and the Warsaw Pact did not take place. The United States recently (April 2010) acknowledged a new approach to its nuclear policy which describes the weapons' purpose as "primarily" or "fundamentally" to deter or respond to a nuclear attack.

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weapon would be used to launch dead animals and corpses into a besieged city, spreading disease and death, such as the Black Plague. If a particular town or city displeased the Mongolian Khan, everyone in the city would be killed to set an example for all other cities. This was early

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Japanese World War II strategy was driven by two factors: the desire to expand their territories on the mainland of Asia (China and Manchuria), and the need to secure the supply of raw resources they didn't have themselves, particularly oil. Since their quest after the former

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to apply the principles of mass and economy of force, in that troops could be concentrated in the north for an offensive there while the Line acted as force multiplier in the south, and maneuver and security, by preventing the Germans from going directly from Alsace to Paris.

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Strategic warfare, and especially strategic bombing, was a supporting component of Allied strategy. Through 1942 and 1943, the Allies gradually won the war at sea and in the air, blockading Germany and subjecting it to a strategic bombing campaign of increasing effectiveness

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Strategy (and tactics) must constantly evolve in response to technological advances. A successful strategy from one era tends to remain in favor long after new developments in military weaponry and matériel have rendered it obsolete. World War I, and to a great extent the

3468:. French Armies lived off the land and when they were confronted by a line of fortifications which they could not out flank, they were unable to continue the advance and were forced to retreat once they had consumed all the provisions of the region in front of the lines. 3421:

was won, Napoleon attempted to do the same to the Allied/British army located just to the south of Waterloo. His subordinate was unable to mask the defeated Prussian army, who reinforced the Waterloo battle in time to defeat Napoleon and end his domination of Europe.

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was in rebellion in Northern Ireland and applied this strategy to urban warfare) and elsewhere. The people's war in the first three countries mentioned have been spectacularly successful, marking government transitions in these countries, while elsewhere such as in

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effect that was seen used by Germany against Poland in 1939 and later against France in 1940. France, still committed to stationary World War I strategies, was completely surprised and summarily overwhelmed by Germany's mobile combined arms doctrine and Guderian's

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As Clausewitz stated, a successful military strategy may be a means to an end, but it is not an end in itself. There are numerous examples in history where victory on the battlefield has not translated into goals such as long term peace, security or tranquillity.

2113:, in that strategy refers to the employment of a nation's entire military capabilities through high-level and long-term planning, development, and procurement to guarantee security or victory. Operations and tactics is the art of organizing forces on or near the 4452:

Japanese forces in the far east would not attack Siberia, the Soviets were able to transfer large numbers of experienced forces from the far east, and in the Winter of 1941/1942 they used them to counter-attack the German Army Group Centre in front of Moscow.

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Field Marshal Schlieffen succeeded Moltke and directed German planning in the lead up to World War I. He advocated the "strategy of annihilation" but was faced by a war on two fronts against numerically superior opposition. The strategy he formulated was the

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would mass his reserves at the hinge of that right angle and launch a heavy attack to break the lines. The rupture in the enemy lines allowed Napoleon's cavalry to flank both lines and roll them up leaving his opponent no choice but to surrender or flee.

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After the fall of France in mid 1940 and Italian entry into the war on the Axis side, Britain and its commonwealth allies found themselves alone against most of Europe. British strategy was one of survival, defending the British isles directly in the

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Unity of command became a question when the various nation states began coordinating assaults and defenses. Under the pressure of horrendously destructive German attacks beginning on March 21, 1918, the Entente eventually settled under Field Marshal

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as much as in Japan. The UK and US seem to have seen the carrier as a defensive weapon, and their designs mirrored this; the Japanese Imperial Navy seem to have developed a new offensive strategy based on the power projection these made possible.

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The "indirect" approach into battle also allowed Napoleon to disrupt the linear formations used by the allied armies. As the battle progressed, the enemy committed their reserves to stabilize the situation, Napoleon would suddenly release the

3708:. Under Moltke the Prussian army achieved victory in the Austro-Prussian War (1866) and the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), the latter campaign being widely regarded as a classic example of the conception and execution of military strategy. 3276:

was a perfect example of this maneuver. Napoleon withdrew from a strong position to draw his opponent forward and tempt him into a flank attack, weakening his center. This allowed the French army to split the allied army and gain victory.

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As such, geometric considerations were prominent in Jomini's theory of strategy. Jomini's two basic principles of strategy were to concentrate against fractions of the enemy force at a time and to strike at the most decisive objective.

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as well. It continues to influence many competitive endeavors in Asia, Europe, and America including culture, politics, and business, as well as modern warfare. The Eastern military strategy differs from the Western by focusing more on

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were among the first wide-scale battles intended to wear down the enemy. Attrition was time-consuming so the duration of World War I battles often stretched to weeks and months. The problem with attrition was that the use of fortified

2519:, the maintenance of an army. The view had prevailed since the Roman times, and the borderline between strategy and tactics at this time was blurred, and sometimes categorization of a decision is a matter of almost personal opinion. 4886:

array which has arguably come to be dominated by the hyperpower status of the United States, which increasingly relies on advanced technology to minimize casualties and to improve efficiency. The technological leaps brought by the

4526:", leaving the strongest garrisons alone, just cutting off their supply via naval blockades and bombardment, and securing bases of operation on the lightly defended islands instead. The most notable of these island battles was the 4239:, Hitler had imagined a short war against France, and then the conquest of the USSR. He had wrongly assumed that Britain would be a German ally in the west against France, and so he did not foresee an enduring war in the west. 4586:. It aimed at creating and maintaining support of the local population, and draw the enemy deep into the interior where the force adopting the strategy would exhaust them through a mix of guerrilla and conventional warfare. 2075:'s definition put less emphasis on battles, defining strategy as "the art of distributing and applying military means to fulfill the ends of policy". Hence, both gave the pre-eminence to political aims over military goals. 3476:

communications to the same extent as the French did. So the strategy of aiding their Spanish civilian allies in their guerrilla or 'small war' benefited the British in many ways, not all of which were immediately obvious.

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his logistical sustainment. All other necessities would be foraged and plundered. Khan's marauders also brought with them mobile shelters, concubines, butchers, and cooks. Through maneuver and continuous assault, Chinese,

4898:": the battle against guerrilla forces by conventional national armed forces. The classical strategic triumvirate of politics/military/populace is very weak against protracted warfare of paramilitary forces such as the 4502:

population and armed forces to fully mobilize for war. South-East Asia was quickly conquered (Philippines, Indochina, Malaysia and the Dutch East Indies). After Japan's vital aircraft carrier force was destroyed in the

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through which a nation might forge alliances or pressure another nation into compliance, thereby achieving victory without resorting to combat. Another element of grand strategy is the management of the post-war peace.

4281:) to carry out the second part of Hitler's strategy. The campaign plan envisaged defeating the USSR in a single summer / fall campaign, but Barbarossa failed to achieve any of its major objectives. In December 1941 4379:

pressed for the western allies to alleviate pressure on the Eastern front. Supporting the Soviet war effort was a significant element of Allied strategy, and significant aid was shipped to the USSR through the

4254:'s refusal to surrender or to negotiate on terms favorable for Germany put the German gamble in jeopardy. Germany could not match Britain on the open sea and had not prepared its army for operations across the 3046:(main focus) being the morale and mental state of the opposing population) achieved through the offensive; this offensive was itself characterized by concentration of force, maneuver, surprise, and simplicity. 2597:. As the size and number of the armies grew and the technology to communicate and control improved, the difference between "military strategy" and "grand strategy" shrank. Fundamental to grand strategy is the 3107:

and concentrate against one opponent at a time. Unable to achieve victory, he was able to stave off defeat until a diplomatic solution emerged. Frederick's "victory" led to great significance being placed on

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Until the mid-1930s, Germany's ability to realize these goals was limited by its weakened military and economic position. Hitler's strategy involved building up German military and economic strength through

4175:

of August 1939). One by one, Hitler successfully repudiated the terms the Versailles treaty, using skilful diplomacy to avoid triggering war. After starting open re-armament in 1935, he carried out the

4749:

The difference between tactics, strategy and grand strategy began to melt during the Cold War as command and communication technologies improved to a greater extent, in first world armed forces. The

3658:

forces and populace. The time and space in which war was waged changed as well. Railroads enabled swift movement of large forces but the manoeuvring was constrained to narrow, vulnerable corridors.

4798:

By contrast, Soviet strategy in the Cold War was dominated by the desire to prevent, at all costs, the recurrence of an invasion of Russian soil. The Soviet Union nominally adopted a policy of

4155:. The destruction of European Jewry, while not strictly a strategic objective, was a political goal of the Nazi regime linked to the vision of a German-dominated Europe, and especially to the 5250: 4795:

to stop the attack. The Soviet Union would respond with an all-out nuclear attack, resulting in a similar attack from the United States, with all the consequences the exchange would entail.

4522:

After the Japanese were forced into the defensive in the second half of 1942, the Americans were confronted with heavily fortified garrisons on small islands. They decided on a strategy of "

4802:, which in fact was a posture of launch on warning. Other than that, the USSR adapted to some degree to the prevailing changes in the NATO strategic policies that are divided by periods as: 2911:. Ingenuity and adeptness were limited only by imagination, accord, and technology. Strategists continually exploited ever-advancing technology. The word "strategy" itself derives from the 2760:

expedients" by which a general must take action while under pressure. These underlying principles of strategy have survived relatively unchanged as the technology of warfare has developed.

4047:, who believed that future wars would be won or lost in the air. The air force would carry the offensive, and the role of the ground forces would be defensive only. Douhet's doctrine of 3724:, defending in the east while concentrating for a decisive victory in the west, after which the Germans would go on to the offensive in the east. Influenced by Hannibal's success at the 4188:, September 1938). This risky political strategy proved initially successful, consolidating internal support for the Nazi regime and greatly strengthening Germany's strategic position. 3205:

With the advent of cheap small arms and the rise of the drafted citizen soldier, armies grew rapidly in size to become massed formations. This necessitated dividing the army first into

2583:

which encompasses the management of the resources of an entire nation in the conduct of warfare. In the environment of the grand strategy, the military component is largely reduced to

2543:

of the 20th century, the distinction between maneuver and battle, strategy and tactics, expanded with the capacity of technology and transit. Tactics that were once the province of a

4621:

In stage one, the revolutionary force sets up in a remote area with mountainous or forested terrain where its enemy is weak, and attempts to establish a local stronghold known as a

2495: 4719:. As a consequence, it was also a war in which attacks were not exchanged between the two main rivals, the United States and the Soviet Union. Instead, the war was fought through 4431:

Allied strategy adopted its final major component with the acceptance of Soviet conditions for a sphere of influence in Eastern Europe, to include eastern Germany and Berlin.

3997: 2081:(544–496 BC) is often considered as the father of Eastern military strategy and greatly influenced Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese historical and modern war tactics. 4375:" principle whereby Germany was to be defeated first, and then Japan. However, Allied land forces would not be capable of invading the mainland of Europe for years, even as 4937:

conventional army suffers a loss of confidence and esteem); or they can drive the conventional elements into an attack which further exacerbates the civilian condition.

2630: 6058: 3988:, who would advance in small mutually covering groups from cover to cover with "autonomy" to exploit any weakness they discovered in enemy defenses. Almost all the 4288:

and Germany declared war on the USA shortly afterwards. Through the summer and fall of 1942, German strategy to win the war remained based on defeating the USSR.

3272:

had considered this approach to battle as separate events. However, Napoleon used the maneuver to battle to dictate how and where the battle would progress. The

4493:

Japan hoped it would take America so long to rebuild, by the time she was able to return in force in the Pacific, she would consider the new balance of power a

3681:

in 1864, but these depended upon an enemy's unwillingness to entrench. Towards the end of the war, especially in defense of static targets as in the battles of

3247: 2884:

in 479 BC resulted in a victory for the Greeks against Persia, which exemplified that military strategy was extremely beneficial to defeating a numerous enemy.

3268:

While not the originator of the methods he used, Napoleon effectively combined the relatively superior maneuver and battle stages into one event. Before this,

4757:

found that grand strategy, strategy and tactics, if anything, moved further apart as the command of the armies fell under the control of super power leaders.

4232: 6416: 3826:

At the start of World War I strategy was dominated by the offensive thinking that had been in vogue since 1870, despite the more recent experiences of the

2561:

It is often said that the art of strategies defines the goals to achieve in a military campaign, while tactics defines the methods to achieve these goals.

4246:

had begun with France and Britain as allies, German strategy aimed to win a short war in France and to force Britain to the negotiating table. After the

3674:

lines on rural battlefields, violent naval engagements by cannon-armed sailing or steam-powered vessels, and assault on military forces defending a town.

3103:

forces. Assailed from all sides by France, Austria, Russia and Sweden, Frederick exploited his central position, which enabled him to move his army along

5964:]. Beiträge zur Militär- und Kriegsgeschichte: Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg (in German). Vol. 2. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. 1979. 3748:

expansionist view where defence was achieved by controlling the sea approaches rather than fortifying the coast. His theories contributed to the naval

2570:

grew, the bounds between the politicians and the military came to be recognized. In many cases, it was decided that there was a need for a separation.

58: 4535: 2539:

enduring hours to weeks. Originally strategy was understood to govern the prelude to a battle while tactics controlled its execution. However, in the

5305: 4671:

The people's war strategy was also employed in countries around the world such as Cuba, Nicaragua, Nepal, Philippines, the United Kingdom (where the

3535:" rather than "statesmanship". He proposed that victory could be achieved by occupying the enemy's territory rather than destroying a opposing army. 6429: 5569: 5560: 5394: 5385: 5258: 5020: 4310: 3410: 2708: 982: 6105: 2848: 1409: 6190:. G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press (published 2004). p. 106. 4423:

in September 1944, the Allies agreed to partition and de-industrialize a defeated Germany so as to render it permanently unable to wage war (see

4727:

powers with global actors who could strike an opponent with nationally debilitating destruction in a matter of minutes from land, air, and sea.

4419:

From 1944, as German defeat became more and more inevitable, the shape of post-war Europe assumed greater importance in Allied strategy. At the

2056:", or "the art of arrangement" of troops. and deals with the planning and conduct of campaigns, the movement and disposition of forces, and the 4688: 3966:. The Germans generally led the Central Powers, though German authority diminished and lines of command became confused at the end of the war. 4734:

that could decide a war by themselves, strategies shifted away from a focus on the application of conventional weaponry to a greater focus on

4129:

Inter-war Germany had as its main strategic goals the re-establishment of Germany as a European great power and the complete annulment of the

4067:, were amongst the most prominent advocates of mechanization and motorization of the army in Britain. In Germany, study groups were set up by 6283: 6042: 6002: 5519: 5236: 4389: 4195:, in violation of the Munich Agreement signed only months before, forced a change in Franco-British policy from an emphasis on avoiding war ( 5831:(1819), an attempt to synthesize strategy and the conduct of war within the state it has become the standard reference for military theory. 4648: 3017:

required that it be quickly subdued. Here the terror engendered by the bloody reputation of the Mongolians helped to intimidate and subdue.

5556: 5381: 3670:

enabled more rapid communication between armies and their headquarters capitals. Combat was still usually waged by opposing divisions with

3074:. It was not until the 18th century that military strategy was subjected to serious study in Europe. The word was first used in German as " 4883: 4724: 4192: 1765: 3974:

developed tank warfare, with which they eventually won the war. The Germans developed a "doctrine of autonomy", the forerunner of both

6305: 6016:

civilians would have been starved in the first winter, and tens of millions more expelled, killed, assimilated or enslaved thereafter.

4685: 3787: 3577: 3348: 3147: 3079: 2434: 1960: 1738: 353: 5680: 5664: 5279: 6377: 6228: 6195: 5969: 5813: 5696: 5577: 5509: 5402: 4899: 4672: 4665: 3813: 3603: 3374: 3173: 2660: 1414: 5712: 4691:

there the longest in world history,. In India and Turkey there are still ongoing insurgencies where the rebels use this strategy.

4313:). Emphasis for re-armament was given to air forces with the view that these would be most useful in any future war with Germany. 3938:

More so than in previous wars, military strategy in World War I was directed by the grand strategy of a coalition of nations; the

5929: 5030: 3985: 3701: 3430: 2753: 2704: 2380: 2348: 1492: 3689:, trench networks foreshadowed World War I. Many of the lessons of the American Civil War were forgotten, when in wars like the 1475: 6409: 6156:. Executive research project. Washington, D.C.: Industrial College of the Armed Forces, National Defense University. p. 16 1837: 1262: 107: 5922: 4325: 4200: 3791: 3581: 3352: 3151: 2872:; and so via a maritime strategy achieved Hannibal's removal from Italy, despite never beating him there with their legions. 2447:

Military strategy is the planning and execution of the contest between groups of armed adversaries. It is a subdiscipline of

1601: 4959:

confront following standard strategic approaches. This new field of strategic thinking is tackled by what is now defined as

2321: 6385:

US Defense Strategy from Vietnam to Operation Iraqi Freedom: Military Innovation and the New American Way of War, 1973–2003

4655:, the army employed guerrilla tactics in full scale, following the people's war doctrine. However, as they marched towards 5618: 4177: 4005: 3678: 3655: 3639:

However, the adherence to the Napoleonic principles in the face of technological advances such as the long-range infantry

3433:

used the "maneuver de derrière" against Napoleon who was suddenly placed in a position of reacting to a new enemy threat.

3252: 2018: 1465: 6062: 4716: 3062:(Art of War) dealt with the relationship between civil and military matters and the formation of grand strategy. In the 1955: 419: 4441: 4321: 5091: 4783:

during the Cold War also dealt with nuclear attack and retaliation. The United States and NATO maintained a policy of

4731: 3835: 3067: 1965: 1152: 954: 825: 363: 4911: 4629: 4352:

he met US President Roosevelt in the first of many wartime meetings wherein allied war strategy was jointly decided.

3776: 3566: 3337: 3136: 3040:

To refer to the nine strategic principles outlined above, the Mongol strategy was directed toward an objective (that

5805:

Military History's Most Wanted: The Top 10 Book of Improbable Victories, Unlikely Heroes, and Other Martial Oddities

6549: 6524: 6402: 5054: 4652: 4636: 4216: 3931:, the automobile and tank (though the latter was, even at the end of the war, still in its infancy), telephone and 3851: 3651: 3511:"War is not merely a political act, but also a real political instrument, a continuation of policy by other means." 2861: 1429: 5615:"the advice is to think about how other protagonists will view the situation in order to predict their decisions"— 3795: 3780: 3585: 3570: 3356: 3341: 3155: 3140: 2467:

otherwise called national strategy, which is the overarching strategy of the largest of organizations such as the

6554: 6491: 4404: 4072: 3187: 2562: 2524: 2039: 1539: 1047: 396: 270: 124: 5025: 5013: 4922: 4590: 4478: 4420: 4408: 4060: 4024:

In the years following World War I, two of the technologies that had been introduced during that conflict, the

3904: 3629: 3261: 2747:

Simplicity type (prepare clear, uncomplicated plans and clear, concise orders to ensure thorough understanding)

2463:, which involve the disposition and manoeuvre of units on a particular sea or battlefield, but less broad than 1990: 1857: 1404: 1097: 915: 763: 4231:

intended global or merely European conquest, or whether he even had a plan for war in advance is debated; see

2731:

Maneuver type (place the enemy in a disadvantageous position through the flexible application of combat power)

2715:

Objective type (direct every military operation towards a clearly defined, decisive, and attainable objective)

2375: 2052:, the term strategy, when first used during the 18th century, was seen in its narrow sense as the "art of the 6363: 4882:

Strategy in the post Cold War is shaped by the global geopolitical situation: a number of potent powers in a

6082:

Beatrice Heuser, "Warsaw Pact Military Doctrines in the 70s and 80s: Findings in the East German Archives",

4877: 4792: 4788: 4739: 4680:

it has been unsuccessful. The people's war in the Philippines that was long since employed by the insurgent

4622: 4324:). In August 1939, in a final effort to contain Germany, Britain and France guaranteed Polish independence ( 3855: 3092: 1943: 1925: 1681: 1240: 1162: 1107: 705: 368: 6247: 5313: 3918:

World War I saw armies on a scale never before experienced. The British, who had always relied on a strong

6181: 4907: 4498: 4487: 4345: 4341: 4285: 4263: 3872: 3871:

On other fronts, there was still room for the use of strategy of maneuver. The Germans executed a perfect

3461: 3055: 2940: 2924: 2700: 2642: 2427: 1810: 1785: 1507: 1419: 1292: 1167: 768: 745: 191: 90: 5591: 5416: 3879:. In 1915 Britain and France launched the well-intentioned but poorly conceived and ultimately fruitless 3700:

In the period preceding World War I, two of the most influential strategists were the Prussian generals,

2939:), "to lead". No evidence exists of it being used in a modern sense in Ancient Greek, but we find it in 6112: 4661: 4396: 3843: 3705: 3682: 3528: 3517: 3437:

highly competent group of officers, a General Staff. The two most significant students of his work were

3285: 3109: 3034: 2876: 2389: 2366: 2303: 2035: 1399: 1332: 1285: 939: 902: 865: 783: 735: 619: 429: 237: 146: 3395: 2145: 3923:

munitions until late in the war. Technological advances also had a huge influence on strategy: aerial

3194:

that followed revolutionized military strategy. The impact of this period was still to be felt in the

3112:" which emphasized lines of manoeuvre, awareness of terrain and possession of critical strong-points. 3013:

armies could be stressed until they collapsed, and were then annihilated in pursuit and encirclement.

2685:

Many military strategists have attempted to encapsulate a successful strategy in a set of principles.

6501: 6334: 5869: 5773: 5119: 5104: 4993: 4784: 4681: 4448: 4444:

gave the USSR freedom to, in its view, preempt hostile action from nations along its Western border.

4413: 4278: 3900: 3880: 3876: 3524: 3446: 3301: 3273: 3240: 3084:

in 1777 by Johann von Bourscheid. From then onwards, the use of the word spread throughout the West.

3063: 2585: 2577:

said, "War is too important a business to be left to soldiers." This gave rise to the concept of the

2398: 2213: 2164: 1790: 1692: 1549: 1544: 1362: 1327: 1062: 882: 740: 676: 530: 500: 97: 4519:, the Japanese navy was rendered helpless, effectively giving the Americans vast naval superiority. 4167:, while seeking to avoid an early war by diplomatic engagement with France, Britain and (later) the 2964: 2744:

Surprise type (strike the enemy at a time, at a place, or in a manner for which they are unprepared)

4921:

Parties to conflict which see themselves as vastly or temporarily inferior may adopt a strategy of

4349: 4316:

By 1939, Allied efforts to avert war had failed, and Germany had signed alliances with both Italy (

3740: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3494: 3488: 3438: 3206: 3088: 2843: 2835: 2815: 2811: 2722: 2673: 2594: 2528: 2491: 2312: 2258: 2245: 2068: 1641: 1626: 1502: 1389: 1367: 1342: 1302: 1212: 1022: 927: 877: 644: 634: 599: 391: 381: 151: 75: 3950:. Attacks on the enemy's economy included Britain's use of a naval blockade and Germany employing 3834:(1904–05), where the machine gun demonstrated its defensive capabilities. By the end of 1914, the 6476: 5874: 5778: 5492: 5363: 5209: 5086: 4942: 4895: 4888: 4873: 4707:, and it was a generation dominated by the threat of total world annihilation through the use of 4543: 4531: 4527: 4368: 4204: 4172: 4164: 4152: 4087:

groups and may have incorporated Fuller's and Liddell Hart's ideas to amplify the groundbreaking

4064: 3892: 3884: 3831: 3739:

At a time when industrialisation was rapidly changing naval technology, one American strategist,

3617: 3399:

19th century musketeers from Wellington at Waterloo by Robert Alexander Hillingford, 18 June 1815

3310: 3195: 3021: 2765: 2696: 2574: 2544: 2353: 2240: 2182: 2178: 2093: 2072: 2057: 1975: 1830: 1750: 1671: 1616: 1591: 1512: 1458: 1424: 1355: 1272: 1182: 1087: 1032: 922: 887: 840: 715: 686: 639: 577: 552: 386: 200: 119: 6165:

U.S. officials described Saddam Hussein's military strategy in Desert Storm as 'hunkering down.'

4848:) one of the elements of which became the new highly effective high-precision targeting weapons. 3899:, which flourished in the local terrain, and the British achieved two breakthrough victories at 3728:, Schlieffen planned for a single great battle of encirclement, thereby annihilating his enemy. 6481: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6373: 6301: 6279: 6224: 6191: 5998: 5965: 5809: 5583: 5573: 5515: 5408: 5398: 5355: 5232: 5109: 5003: 4998: 4787:

throughout the Cold War. In the event of a Soviet attack on the Western Front, resulting in a

4712: 4602: 4468:

of 1943, Stalin secured acquiescence to a Soviet sphere in influence from his western allies.

4465: 4428: 4337: 4267: 4251: 4130: 4048: 4033: 3971: 3951: 3912: 3633: 3404: 3293: 3280:

Napoleon used two primary strategies for the approach to battle. His "Manoeuvre De Derrière" (

3096: 3071: 2888: 2881: 2476: 2456: 2420: 2326: 2173: 2129: 2106:

has been an important strategic and political compendium in Indian and Asian history as well.

2071:(1780–1831), defined military strategy as "the employment of battles to gain the end of war." 2064: 2011: 1920: 1867: 1770: 1760: 1755: 1725: 1708: 1703: 1676: 1621: 1322: 1312: 1307: 1297: 1217: 1207: 1202: 1177: 1147: 1037: 1007: 1002: 992: 987: 892: 845: 815: 654: 447: 424: 358: 3244:

strategy as well as the operational strategy, making use of political and economic measures.

6461: 5864: 5856: 5768: 5760: 5633: 5347: 5186: 5008: 4852: 4841: 4830: 4819: 4808: 4780: 4539: 4516: 4515:

several aircraft carrier battles, the initiative was taken from the Japanese, and after the

4503: 4456:

including their labour force, were simply moved, and what couldn't be taken was destroyed ("

4302: 4297: 4247: 4243: 4185: 3981: 3932: 3860: 3847: 3732: 3725: 3625: 3503:

has become a respected reference for strategy, dealing with political, as well as military,

3387: 3306: 3010: 2948: 2535: 2512: 2481: 2460: 2267: 2236: 2110: 1985: 1950: 1882: 1775: 1713: 1606: 1534: 1527: 1384: 1317: 1267: 1257: 1132: 1052: 1012: 997: 964: 949: 820: 805: 758: 666: 624: 567: 562: 520: 343: 320: 227: 156: 85: 68: 4506:, the Japanese had to revert to a stiff defense they kept up for the remainder of the war. 4199:) to an emphasis on war preparation, of which an important feature was the declaration of 2802:

The principles of military strategy emerged at least as far back as 500 BC in the works of

6486: 6466: 5891: 5124: 5114: 5074: 5069: 5049: 4769: 4708: 4598: 4424: 4400: 4282: 4255: 4156: 4138: 4068: 4056: 3827: 3721: 3711:

In addition to exploiting railroads and highways for manoeuvre, Moltke also exploited the

3418: 3257: 3191: 2990: 2944: 2875:

One of these strategies was shown in the battle between Greek city states and Persia. The

2839: 2735: 2703:

had only one: to " there first with the most men". The concepts given as essential in the

2317: 2281: 2227: 2218: 2187: 1795: 1780: 1698: 1654: 1596: 1252: 1247: 1137: 1127: 1042: 1017: 959: 800: 730: 720: 659: 572: 557: 480: 452: 252: 232: 80: 6352: 4583: 3542:

Clausewitz and Jomini remain required reading for today's military professional officer.

3305:

on the second army leaving a portion to pursue the first army and repeat the operations (

3070:

demonstrated advanced operational strategy that led to his victories on the soil of the

6506: 6496: 6471: 6311: 6177: 4988: 4983: 4954:

A main point in asymmetric warfare is the nature of paramilitary organizations such as

4851:

Strategic Defense Initiative (also known as "Star Wars") during its 1980s development (

4644: 4523: 4457: 4080: 3963: 3943: 3939: 3924: 3908: 3888: 3744: 3465: 3457: 3230: 3104: 2994: 2912: 2892: 2773: 2691: 2579: 2464: 2452: 2393: 2384: 2299: 2254: 2231: 2209: 2083: 2043: 1980: 1970: 1718: 1142: 1102: 1080: 1067: 1057: 1027: 944: 897: 700: 691: 582: 535: 515: 505: 475: 442: 330: 287: 242: 114: 47: 6543: 5637: 5064: 4416:

in June 1944, the weight of Allied effort shifted to the direct conquest of Germany.

4376: 4317: 4044: 3955: 3621: 3426: 3414: 2986: 2973: 2827: 2823: 2520: 2472: 2371: 2357: 2344: 2088: 1817: 1805: 1661: 1581: 1497: 1480: 1337: 1192: 1172: 855: 850: 830: 810: 725: 696: 671: 547: 525: 510: 485: 325: 247: 210: 205: 102: 5619:"Role thinking: Standing in other people's shoes to forecast decisions in conflicts" 2728:

Economy of force type (allocate minimum essential combat power to secondary efforts)

5037: 4799: 4765: 4761: 4743: 4563: 4372: 4356: 4168: 4134: 3993: 3640: 2977: 2853: 2785: 2468: 2402: 2272: 2102: 2004: 1930: 1910: 1905: 1800: 1745: 1379: 1374: 1197: 1112: 860: 594: 495: 292: 196: 4894:

The gap in strategy today (from a Western viewpoint) lies in what Americans call "

4859:) which became a core part of the strategic doctrine based on Defense containment. 3842:

and all ability to maneuver strategically was lost. The combatants resorted to a "

6185: 6151: 5992: 5955: 5803: 4941:

opponents where their strengths cannot be used to effect. The mass formations of

4643:, to garner support from the local Korean populace to win the war by driving the 3915:

against the Ottomans, using strategy and tactics developed during the Boer Wars.

2943:

from the 6th century onwards, and most notably in the work attributed to Emperor

6255:

Military Leadership in the British Civil Wars, 1642–1651: The Genius of This Age

4750: 4704: 4656: 4610: 4556: 4482: 4306: 4196: 3765: 3659: 3555: 3532: 3326: 3199: 3125: 3042: 2831: 2781: 2777: 2308: 2191: 2114: 1915: 1666: 1631: 1470: 1157: 1122: 835: 778: 681: 465: 186: 181: 5641: 4559:

recalled most troops from the European conflict for the defense of the nation.

6059:"LITTLE Manila Confidential: Philippines has the Longest Communist Insurgency" 5097: 5059: 4930: 4754: 4640: 4606: 4594: 4579: 4567: 4381: 4223: 4143: 4104: 4100: 4099:

Technological change had an enormous effect on strategy, but little effect on

4088: 4084: 3976: 3928: 3712: 3647: 3504: 3442: 2276: 2263: 2222: 1872: 1842: 1564: 933: 5860: 5764: 5587: 5412: 5359: 2511:

of "arts" or "sciences" that govern the conduct of warfare; the others being

6244:

The New Makers of Modern Strategy: From the Ancient World to the Digital Age

4903: 4774: 4735: 4720: 4464:

aim of Soviet strategy became securing a favourable post-war Europe. At the

4259: 4181: 4148: 4108: 4040: 3947: 3839: 3749: 3667: 3226: 3214: 3025: 2904: 2900: 2857: 2772:

tactics of "offense at all costs" pitted against the defensive power of the

2598: 2540: 2516: 2048: 1862: 1686: 1636: 1586: 1576: 1571: 1436: 1227: 1222: 1187: 629: 315: 282: 171: 5545:. American Heritage Press, New York. Library of Congress Number: 77-119671. 2784:. As a reaction to its World War I experience, France attempted to use its 2566:

more specific "C Platoon will attack while D platoon provides fire cover".

4305:, Great Britain sought initially to avoid or delay war through diplomacy ( 2997:-style methods, and, equally essential, the vast horse-herds of Mongolia. 17: 4978: 4955: 4926: 4915: 4700: 4332:

strategic bombing, and this was relatively ineffective in the early war.

4025: 3671: 3663: 3269: 3234: 3029: 2896: 2880:

result of that strategy which continued on to the battle of Plataea. The

2869: 2865: 2819: 2807: 2769: 2741:

Security type (never permit the enemy to acquire an unexpected advantage)

2160: 2137: 2097: 1877: 1852: 1485: 1117: 1092: 710: 265: 139: 5878: 5844: 5782: 5748: 4715:

was a part of containment via retributive intimidation from the risk of

4083:

developed the motorised part of this strategy as the head of one of the

3677:

There was still room for triumphs for the strategy of manoeuvre such as

2985:. The building blocks of Genghis' army and his strategy were his tribal 2919:), "office of general, command, generalship", in turn from "στρατηγός" ( 5367: 5335: 4664:, they were beaten in the open by UN forces in the conclusion of their 4207:

in September 1939, Britain and France declared war (3 September 1939).

3896: 3620:(1861–1865). The practice of strategy was advanced by generals such as 3484: 3222: 3100: 2982: 2803: 2686: 2548: 2508: 2448: 2249: 2078: 2053: 1887: 1847: 1611: 1445: 1441: 788: 773: 649: 310: 305: 275: 214: 176: 5902:, 1. Buch, 1. Kapitel, Unterkapitel 24 (Überschrift). The German word 4562:

Australia's defensive doctrine saw a fierce campaign fought along the

6333:

to the public in PDF format. The organization was founded by General

6276:

The Evolution of Strategy: Thinking War from Antiquity to the Present

6111:. U.S. Department of Defense Office of Public Affairs. Archived from 5896:

Der Krieg ist eine bloße Fortsetzung der Politik mit anderen Mitteln.

4960: 4228: 4093: 3499: 3218: 3002: 2972:

As a counterpoint to European developments in the strategic art, the

2678: 2552: 1394: 795: 612: 348: 6298:

The Mongol Art of War: Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Military System.

5351: 5336:"The Place of the Emperor Asoka in Ancient Indian Political Thought" 2887:

Early strategies included the strategy of annihilation, exhaustion,

4635:

The strategy was utilized in the early 1950s by the hastily formed

2507:

Military strategy in the 19th century was still viewed as one of a

6262:

The Art of War in World History: From Antiquity to the Nuclear Age

3643: 3394: 3246: 3210: 2963: 2908: 2672: 2590: 2515:, the execution of plans and maneuvering of forces in battle, and 870: 406: 401: 3527:(1779-1869) dealt mainly with operational strategy, planning and 6370:

The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War

6342:

Introduction to Global Military History: 1775 to the Present Day

6329: 5925: 5306:"Oracle's Ellison Uses 'Art of War' in Software Battle With SAP" 4677: 4427:). After the war, this plan was abandoned as unworkable. At the 4274: 4147:("Living space") for the Germanic "race" and the elimination of 4029: 3919: 3636:

was said to have carried a book of Napoleon's maxims with him.)

3006: 2555: 2487: 2406: 2362: 166: 161: 6398: 6140:, "To Paris, U.S. Looks Like a 'Hyperpower'," February 5, 1999. 2117:

to secure objectives as part of the broader military strategy.

6250:, 46 essays by experts on ideas of famous strategists; 1200 pp 6136:

The term was coined by French politician Hubert Vérdine. See:

4141:, Germany's political goals also included the accumulation of 3887:

landing, in an effort to aid their Russian ally and knock the

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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

3632:, all of whom had been influenced by the feats of Napoleon ( 27:

Use of force or threat of war focused for political purposes

5957:

Die Errichtung der Hegemonie auf dem europäischen Kontinent

5845:"Clausewitz, War, and Strategy in the Twenty-first Century" 5749:"Clausewitz, War, and Strategy in the Twenty-first Century" 4412:

more direct approach through northern Europe, and with the

4262:

hoped to strangle Britain's economy through success in the

3864:

breakthrough with the level of technology then attainable.

3650:

guns generally led to disastrous consequences for both the

3284:) was intended to place the French Army across the enemy's 2718:

Offensive type (seize, retain, and exploit the initiative)

2589:—the planning and control of large military units such as 6372:, Simon and Schuster, June, 2004, hardcover, 1184 pages, 5229:

Jymäyttämisen taito. Strategiaoppeja muinaisesta Kiinasta

2677:

Military stratagem in the Maneuver against the Romans by

6316:

Man and Woman, War and Peace: The Strategist's Companion

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Pupkov, et al. Weapons of anti-missile defense of Russia

4829:

Strategies of realistic threat and containment (1970s) (

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in 1936, and then the diplomatic annexation of Austria (

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with great range and firepower. The rigid formations of

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Within the Chinese Red Army, later to be called as the

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by Sun Tzu grew in popularity and saw practical use in

6223:, General Sir Rupert Smith, Allen Lane, London, 2005, 5997:. London: Vintage Books. pp. preface page ix–x. 5909: 5808:. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, Inc. p. 164. 5802:

Brooks, M. Evan (30 May 2002). "Military Theorists".

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for a depopulated east which Germany could colonize.

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on the other. Society and economy were mobilized for

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The Persian Gulf War: Military Doctrine and Strategy

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remains the most important book on war ever written.

5223: 5221: 4835:стратегия реалистического устрашения или сдерживания 3911:

and other British officers led Arab irregulars on a

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changed transport and combat at sea. Newly invented

3616:

The evolution of military strategy continued in the

3264:, the French Army entered Berlin on 27 October 1806. 5498:

London: Faber & Faber, 1967. 2nd rev. ed. p.322

4530:, where the American victory paved the way for the 4355:In December 1941, following the Japanese attack on 3716:survive beyond the first encounter with the enemy. 2734:Unity of command type (for every objective, ensure 5994:Bloodlands — Europe between Hitler and Stalin 4773:the world from the Soviet Union and the spread of 3449:, who had been one of Napoleon's staff officers. 5908:can express either "politics" or "policy" - see 5617:Kesten C. Greene and J. Scott Armstrong (2011). 2923:), "leader or commander of an army, general", a 6330:US Army War College Strategic Studies Institute 5962:Constructing hegemony on the European continent 5449:AAP-6(V) NATO Glossary of Terms and Definitions 3996:, were stormtroopers in World War I. After the 6291:American Military History: 1775–1902, volume 1 6106:"2010 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) Fact Sheet" 5470:Field-Marshal Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, 4857:стратегическая оборонная инициатива – СОИ 4059:, architect of the first great tank battle at 3743:, almost single-handedly brought the field of 2499:conduct of war, tactics the art of fighting." 6410: 6041:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFShrader1995 ( 4647:forces from the peninsula. At the battles of 4490:strike, crippling the American battle fleet. 3099:) to hold off his opponents and conserve his 2968:Mongol Empire in 1227 at Genghis Khan's death 2842:demonstrate strategic planning and movement. 2627:The examples and perspective in this section 2428: 2012: 8: 6086:Vol. 12 No. 4 (Oct.–Dec. 1993), pp. 437–457. 5903: 4233:Nazi foreign policy (historiographic debate) 4079:The innovative German Major (later General) 3731:Another German strategist of the period was 5251:"Obama meets privately with Jewish leaders" 4605:in the 1930s. During and after the arduous 4340:and indirectly by defeating Germany in the 3794:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3584:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3355:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3154:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3095:improvised a "strategy of exhaustion" (see 6417: 6403: 6395: 6391: 4840:Strategy of direct confrontation (1980s) ( 4221:Hitler's strategy for war was laid out in 4184:) and of Czechoslovakia in 1938 and 1939 ( 2645:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 2435: 2421: 2124: 2019: 2005: 29: 5870:2160/dfc61137-9005-4346-9a91-353be2927e0f 5868: 5774:2160/dfc61137-9005-4346-9a91-353be2927e0f 5772: 5440:School of Advanced Air and Space Studies. 4807:Strategy of massive retaliation (1950s) ( 4536:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 3992:commanders of World War II, particularly 3814:Learn how and when to remove this message 3604:Learn how and when to remove this message 3375:Learn how and when to remove this message 3174:Learn how and when to remove this message 2752:sides in a conflict. Field Marshal Count 2661:Learn how and when to remove this message 5514:. Oxford University Press. p. 319. 5021:List of military strategies and concepts 3483: 3386: 2935:), "leader, chief", in turn from "ἄγω" ( 983:List of military strategies and concepts 6264:, University of California Press, 1994. 6187:Winning Ugly: NATO's War to Save Kosovo 6036: 5215:London:Faber, 1967 (2nd rev ed.) p. 321 5141: 4818:Strategy of flexible reaction (1960s) ( 4742:, especially after the exposure of the 4532:aerial bombing of the Japanese mainland 3213:. Along with divisions came divisional 2849:The Influence of Sea Power upon History 2136: 37: 5715:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 5699:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 5683:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 5667:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 5511:Clausewitz in the Twenty-First Century 5280:"Obama to challenge Israelis on peace" 5231:. Gaudeamus, Finland. Helsinki 2009. 4497:, and negotiate a peace. However, the 6300:Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword, 2007. 4891:are essential for the U.S. strategy. 4582:developed a military strategy called 4390:Strategic bombing during World War II 4311:Neville Chamberlain's European Policy 4309:), while at the same time re-arming ( 4107:and later radio, along with improved 2109:Strategy differs from operations and 7: 6278:(Cambridge University Press, 2010), 5626:International Journal of Forecasting 5557:Headquarters, Department of the Army 5382:Headquarters, Department of the Army 5340:Midwest Journal of Political Science 5304:Garner, Rochelle (16 October 2006), 4371:, the Allied leaders agreed to the " 4344:and the combined Axis powers in the 3970:alternate thesis. The British under 3792:adding citations to reliable sources 3582:adding citations to reliable sources 3452:One notable exception to Napoleon's 3353:adding citations to reliable sources 3152:adding citations to reliable sources 4753:armed forces controlled by the two 4589:The strategy was first used by the 4401:the invasion of French North-Africa 3507:, his most famous assertion being: 2756:expressed strategy as a system of " 4813:стратегия массированного возмездия 3531:, the conduct of a campaign, and " 3441:, a Prussian with a background in 3229:firing massed volleys gave way to 2695:while Napoleon listed 115 maxims. 25: 4900:Provisional Irish Republican Army 4273:In June 1941 Germany invaded the 4193:annexation of rump Czechoslovakia 3262:defeating Prussian forces at Jena 2459:. Its perspective is larger than 2455:, and a principal tool to secure 2034:is a set of ideas implemented by 6520: 6519: 5930:Royal Military Academy Sandhurst 5638:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2010.05.001 5257:, Washington, DC, archived from 4846:стратегия прямого противоборства 3764: 3554: 3325: 3124: 2738:under one responsible commander) 2618: 2144: 57: 5044:Examples of military strategies 5031:List of military strategy books 3883:, combining naval power and an 3078:" in a translation of Leo VI's 2725:at the decisive place and time) 2705:United States Army Field Manual 6271:, Yale University Press, 1999. 5249:Scott, Wilson (7 March 2013), 4824:стратегия гибкого реагирования 4791:, the United States would use 4326:Anglo-Polish military alliance 4178:re-occupation of the Rhineland 1: 5926:http://www.carlisle.army.mil/ 4578:The Chinese Communist leader 4479:conquest of Chinese provinces 4367:In the December 1941, at the 4203:of Polish independence. When 3253:Entry of Napoleon into Berlin 2689:defined 13 principles in his 2063:The father of Western modern 6138:International Herald Tribune 5719:, on Perseus Digital Library 5703:, on Perseus Digital Library 5687:, on Perseus Digital Library 5671:, on Perseus Digital Library 4717:mutually assured destruction 4481:) endangered the latter (an 3875:against the Russians at the 3391:Map of the Waterloo campaign 3300:The second strategy used by 2960:Genghis Khan and the Mongols 2846:describes in the preface to 6269:Strategic Assessment in War 5334:Albinski, Henry S. (1958). 5187:"On War. Book 3, Chapter 1" 5092:Basic Strategic Art Program 4732:weapons of mass destruction 4076:of manoeuvre and offense. 4006:Hindenburg defensive system 3523:In contrast to Clausewitz, 3068:Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden 2641:, discuss the issue on the 2527:thought it simply involved 1476:Military–industrial complex 955:Operational manoeuvre group 6571: 6353:Napoleon's Military Maxims 6349:Napoleon's Military Maxims 6253:Carpenter, Stanley D. M., 6184:(2000). "Losing the War". 5843:Hughes, R. Gerald (2019). 5747:Hughes, R. Gerald (2019). 5284:United Press International 5055:Mutual assured destruction 4871: 4593:against the forces of the 4574:Communist China's strategy 4534:, which culminated in the 4217:Nazi foreign policy debate 4214: 3679:Sherman's March to the Sea 3634:Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson 3402: 2931:), "army, host" + "ἀγός" ( 2862:sea lines of communication 2681:and Teutons circa 100 B.C. 6515: 6437: 6394: 6289:Matloff, Maurice, (ed.), 6150:Loges, Marsha J. (1996). 5941:See Martin Van Creveld's 4856: 4845: 4834: 4823: 4812: 4544:forced Japan to surrender 4486:This was executed in the 4201:Franco-British guarantees 4151:as a political rival to 4073:armoured fighting vehicle 3697:, manoeuvre won the day. 3188:French Revolutionary Wars 2860:to effectively block the 2525:French Revolutionary Wars 1540:Loss-of-strength gradient 397:Combat information center 6387:, Routledge Press, 2007. 6344:, Routledge Press, 2005. 6267:Gartner, Scott Sigmund, 5991:Snyder, Timothy (2010). 5861:10.1177/0968344518804624 5765:10.1177/0968344518804624 5483:Chaliand (1994), p. 638. 5459:British Defence Doctrine 5026:List of military writers 5014:List of military tactics 4912:Kurdistan Workers' Party 4793:tactical nuclear weapons 4630:People's Liberation Army 4573: 4421:Second Quebec Conference 4395:In January 1943, at the 4063:, and his contemporary, 4039:The leading theorist of 4032:, became the subject of 3927:, artillery techniques, 3846:". The German battle at 3630:William Tecumseh Sherman 3454:strategy of annihilation 3425:It can be said that the 3198:and the early phases of 2723:concentrate combat power 2707:of Military Operations ( 2496:Field-Marshal Montgomery 1858:Military science fiction 1343:Technology and equipment 764:List of military tactics 6293:, Combined Books, 1996. 5945:for more on this topic. 5717:A Greek-English Lexicon 5701:A Greek-English Lexicon 5685:A Greek-English Lexicon 5669:A Greek-English Lexicon 5562:FM 3–0, Operations 5474:, Collins. London, 1968 5387:FM 3–0, Operations 5157:Carpenter (2005), p. 25 5101:(documentary TV series) 4878:Network-centric warfare 4740:intelligence assessment 4637:People's Volunteer Army 4623:revolutionary base area 4442:Molotov–Ribbentrop pact 4322:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 3998:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 3752:between 1898 and 1914. 3413:and massed against the 3286:lines of communications 3217:; light-weight, mobile 2529:concentration of troops 1926:Wartime sexual violence 1682:Full-spectrum dominance 1493:Supply-chain management 5904: 5895: 5728:May (2007), pp. 115ff. 5572:. pp. A–1 – A–3. 5508:Strachan, Hew (2007). 5185:von Clausewitz, Carl. 5148:Gartner (1999), p. 163 4595:Nationalist Government 4499:attack on Pearl Harbor 4346:North African Campaign 4342:Battle of the Atlantic 4264:Battle of the Atlantic 4205:Germany invaded Poland 3873:battle of annihilation 3491: 3462:Lines of Torres Vedras 3400: 3392: 3265: 3060:Dell'arte della guerra 2969: 2701:Nathan Bedford Forrest 2682: 2551:would be applied to a 2036:military organizations 1838:Awards and decorations 1811:Peace through strength 1786:Low-intensity conflict 1420:Conscientious objector 1293:Area of responsibility 5737:Heuser (2010), p. 4-5 5541:Catton Bruce (1971). 5175:Wilden (1987), p. 235 5166:Matloff (1996), p. 11 4662:Third Battle of Seoul 4397:Casablanca Conference 4227:(1925/1926). Whether 4215:Further information: 3850:, the British on the 3844:strategy of attrition 3706:Alfred von Schlieffen 3518:strategy of attrition 3487: 3480:Clausewitz and Jomini 3417:, and then after the 3398: 3390: 3250: 3035:psychological warfare 3020:So too did primitive 2967: 2877:Battle of Thermopylae 2676: 2390:Business Model Canvas 2367:Managerial grid model 2304:Competitive advantage 430:Torpedo data computer 420:Ship gun fire-control 6358:Freedman, Lawrence. 6335:Dwight D. Eisenhower 6221:The Utility of Force 6182:O'Hanlon, Michael E. 6084:Comparative Strategy 5559:(27 February 2008). 5472:A History of Warfare 5384:(27 February 2008). 5120:U.S. Army Strategist 5105:Force multiplication 4994:Operational mobility 4785:limited first strike 4699:The strategy of the 4684:, however, made the 4666:Third Phase Campaign 4447:The invasion in the 4414:Invasion of Normandy 4301:economically by the 4279:Operation Barbarossa 4266:(1939–1945) and the 4137:and the Nazi party 4043:was Italian general 3942:on one side and the 3891:out of the war. The 3881:Dardanelles Campaign 3877:Battle of Tannenberg 3788:improve this section 3578:improve this section 3525:Antoine-Henri Jomini 3447:Antoine-Henri Jomini 3349:improve this section 3302:Napoleon I of France 3274:Battle of Austerlitz 3241:Napoleon I of France 3148:improve this section 2838:and, in particular, 2639:improve this section 2586:operational strategy 2573:As French statesman 2399:Strategic Grid Model 2339:Frameworks and tools 2214:Rita Gunther McGrath 2165:Strategic management 1956:Military occupations 1791:Military engineering 1693:Unrestricted Warfare 1550:Force multiplication 448:Military manoeuvrers 6360:Strategy: A History 6337:after World War II. 6209:spoke acknowledged. 5493:Liddell Hart, B. H. 5255:The Washington Post 5210:Liddell Hart, B. H. 4730:With the advent of 4449:Barbarossa campaign 4350:Atlantic Conference 4191:But the March 1939 3741:Alfred Thayer Mahan 3695:Franco-Prussian War 3691:Austro-Prussian War 3489:Carl von Clausewitz 3456:and a precursor to 3439:Carl von Clausewitz 3093:Frederick the Great 3056:Niccolò Machiavelli 2981:to conquer most of 2941:Byzantine documents 2836:Khalid ibn al-Walid 2816:Chandragupta Maurya 2812:Alexander the Great 2810:. The campaigns of 2492:Viscount Alanbrooke 2475:, or international 2376:Growth–share matrix 2320: • 2313:Performance effects 2311: • 2302: • 2275: • 2266: • 2259:Alfred Thayer Mahan 2257: • 2248: • 2246:Carl von Clausewitz 2239: • 2230: • 2221: • 2212: • 2190: • 2181: • 2172: • 2163: • 2069:Carl von Clausewitz 2042:. Derived from the 1642:Penal military unit 1627:Rules of engagement 1303:Command and control 928:Operations research 392:Director (military) 382:Fire-control system 152:Command and control 33:Part of a series on 6383:Tomes, Robert R., 6318:, Routledge, 1987. 6274:Heuser, Beatrice, 6260:Chaliand, Gérard, 6257:, Routledge, 2005. 6039:, pp. 174–175 5597:on 2 December 2012 5568:. Washington, DC: 5422:on 2 December 2012 5393:. Washington, DC: 5191:www.clausewitz.com 5087:Asymmetric warfare 4943:industrial warfare 4896:asymmetric warfare 4889:Digital Revolution 4874:Asymmetric warfare 4770:George C. Marshall 4528:Battle of Iwo Jima 4369:Arcadia Conference 4250:in May–June 1940, 4248:conquest of France 4173:Stalin-Hitler Pact 4139:took power in 1933 4065:B. H. Liddell Hart 3984:, using groups of 3913:guerrilla campaign 3893:Palestine campaign 3832:Russo-Japanese War 3702:Helmuth von Moltke 3618:American Civil War 3492: 3401: 3393: 3311:Battle of Waterloo 3282:move onto the rear 3266: 3196:American Civil War 3110:geometric strategy 3022:biological warfare 2970: 2766:American Civil War 2754:Helmuth von Moltke 2697:American Civil War 2683: 2575:Georges Clemenceau 2457:national interests 2405: • 2401: • 2392: • 2383: • 2374: • 2365: • 2356: • 2354:Balanced scorecard 2347: • 2322:Generic strategies 2183:Strategic thinking 2179:Strategic planning 2094:asymmetric warfare 2073:B. H. Liddell Hart 2038:to pursue desired 1751:Counter-insurgency 1672:Command of the sea 1617:Jewish laws on war 1592:Geneva Conventions 1128:Divide and conquer 923:Military operation 888:Tactical objective 387:Fire-control radar 364:Electronic-warfare 6550:Military strategy 6537: 6536: 6533: 6532: 6452:Counter-offensive 6442:Military campaign 6426:Military strategy 6347:D'Aguilar, G.C., 6284:978-0-521-19968-1 6242:Brands, Hal, ed. 6004:978-0-09-955179-9 5521:978-0-19-923202-4 5461:, Edition 3, 2008 5237:978-952-495-089-3 5110:Strategic bombing 5004:Principles of war 4999:Military doctrine 4682:New People's Army 4603:Chinese Civil War 4466:Tehran Conference 4429:Tehran Conference 4338:Battle of Britain 4268:Battle of Britain 4131:Versailles treaty 4049:strategic bombing 3972:Winston Churchill 3956:merchant shipping 3952:submarine warfare 3895:was dominated by 3861:defenses in depth 3824: 3823: 3816: 3614: 3613: 3606: 3405:Waterloo Campaign 3385: 3384: 3377: 3184: 3183: 3176: 3097:attrition warfare 3072:Holy Roman Empire 3064:Thirty Years' War 3028:or other type of 2889:attrition warfare 2882:Battle of Plataea 2671: 2670: 2663: 2445: 2444: 2327:Mission statement 2174:Strategic studies 2170:Military strategy 2065:strategic studies 2032:Military strategy 2029: 2028: 1921:Horses in warfare 1868:Anti-war movement 1771:Gunboat diplomacy 1761:Disaster response 1709:Philosophy of war 1704:Principles of war 1677:Deterrence theory 1622:Right of conquest 1545:Lanchester's laws 1313:Principles of war 1003:Counter-offensive 988:Military campaign 893:Target saturation 816:Counterinsurgency 425:Gun data computer 359:Close air support 321:Aircraft carriers 16:(Redirected from 6562: 6555:Security studies 6523: 6522: 6462:Defence in depth 6419: 6412: 6405: 6396: 6392: 6368:Holt, Thaddeus, 6231: 6218: 6212: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6174: 6168: 6167: 6162: 6161: 6147: 6141: 6134: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6123: 6117: 6110: 6102: 6096: 6093: 6087: 6080: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6070: 6061:. Archived from 6054: 6048: 6046: 6034: 6028: 6025: 6019: 6018: 6012: 6011: 5988: 5982: 5981: 5979: 5978: 5952: 5946: 5939: 5933: 5923:Army War College 5919: 5913: 5907: 5889: 5883: 5882: 5872: 5840: 5834: 5833: 5824: 5822: 5799: 5793: 5792: 5776: 5744: 5738: 5735: 5729: 5726: 5720: 5710: 5704: 5694: 5688: 5678: 5672: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5652: 5646: 5640:. Archived from 5623: 5613: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5596: 5590:. Archived from 5567: 5553: 5547: 5546: 5538: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5528: 5505: 5499: 5490: 5484: 5481: 5475: 5468: 5462: 5456: 5450: 5447: 5441: 5438: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5421: 5415:. Archived from 5392: 5378: 5372: 5371: 5331: 5325: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5316:on 11 April 2012 5312:, archived from 5301: 5295: 5294: 5293: 5291: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5246: 5240: 5225: 5216: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5197: 5182: 5176: 5173: 5167: 5164: 5158: 5155: 5149: 5146: 5009:Military tactics 4923:"hunkering down" 4858: 4847: 4836: 4825: 4814: 4540:Bombing of Tokyo 4517:Battle of Midway 4504:Battle of Midway 4320:) and the USSR ( 4303:Great Depression 4298:Entente Cordiale 4286:attacked the USA 4244:Second World War 4186:Munich Agreement 4055:British general 3982:infantry tactics 3933:radio telegraphy 3907:(1918). Colonel 3830:(1899–1902) and 3819: 3812: 3808: 3805: 3799: 3768: 3760: 3726:Battle of Cannae 3626:Ulysses S. Grant 3609: 3602: 3598: 3595: 3589: 3558: 3550: 3409:Napoleon masked 3380: 3373: 3369: 3366: 3360: 3329: 3321: 3307:defeat in detail 3270:General Officers 3179: 3172: 3168: 3165: 3159: 3128: 3120: 3089:Seven Years' War 3050:Early Modern era 3011:Eastern European 2666: 2659: 2655: 2652: 2646: 2622: 2621: 2614: 2482:military science 2461:military tactics 2437: 2430: 2423: 2268:Adrian Slywotzky 2155:Analysis methods 2148: 2125: 2021: 2014: 2007: 1776:Humanitarian aid 1714:Security dilemma 1535:Power projection 1318:Economy of force 1298:Chain of command 1013:Defence in depth 998:Commerce raiding 821:Defeat in detail 157:Defense ministry 61: 52: 51: 42: 30: 21: 6570: 6569: 6565: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6560: 6559: 6540: 6539: 6538: 6529: 6511: 6433: 6423: 6340:Black, Jeremy, 6325: 6323:Further reading 6312:Wilden, Anthony 6239: 6234: 6219: 6215: 6202: 6200: 6198: 6178:Daalder, Ivo H. 6176: 6175: 6171: 6159: 6157: 6149: 6148: 6144: 6135: 6131: 6121: 6119: 6118:on May 27, 2010 6115: 6108: 6104: 6103: 6099: 6094: 6090: 6081: 6077: 6068: 6066: 6056: 6055: 6051: 6040: 6035: 6031: 6026: 6022: 6009: 6007: 6005: 5990: 5989: 5985: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5954: 5953: 5949: 5940: 5936: 5920: 5916: 5890: 5886: 5842: 5841: 5837: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5801: 5800: 5796: 5746: 5745: 5741: 5736: 5732: 5727: 5723: 5711: 5707: 5695: 5691: 5679: 5675: 5663: 5659: 5650: 5648: 5644: 5621: 5616: 5614: 5610: 5600: 5598: 5594: 5580: 5565: 5555: 5554: 5550: 5540: 5539: 5535: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5507: 5506: 5502: 5491: 5487: 5482: 5478: 5469: 5465: 5457: 5453: 5448: 5444: 5439: 5435: 5425: 5423: 5419: 5405: 5390: 5380: 5379: 5375: 5352:10.2307/2109166 5333: 5332: 5328: 5319: 5317: 5303: 5302: 5298: 5289: 5287: 5278: 5277: 5273: 5264: 5262: 5261:on 24 July 2013 5248: 5247: 5243: 5227:Matti Nojonen, 5226: 5219: 5208: 5204: 5195: 5193: 5184: 5183: 5179: 5174: 5170: 5165: 5161: 5156: 5152: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5125:War termination 5115:Strategic depth 5075:Progressive war 5070:Fabian strategy 5050:Schlieffen Plan 4969: 4952: 4880: 4870: 4803: 4709:nuclear weapons 4697: 4649:Chongchon river 4599:Chiang Kai-shek 4576: 4552: 4512: 4474: 4437: 4425:Morgenthau Plan 4365: 4363:European Allies 4294: 4258:. Instead, the 4219: 4213: 4157:Generalplan Ost 4133:of 1919. After 4127: 4122: 4117: 4069:Hans von Seeckt 4057:J. F. C. Fuller 4034:strategic study 4022: 3828:Second Boer War 3820: 3809: 3803: 3800: 3785: 3769: 3758: 3736:annihilation". 3722:Schlieffen Plan 3610: 3599: 3593: 3590: 3575: 3559: 3548: 3482: 3419:Battle of Ligny 3407: 3381: 3370: 3364: 3361: 3346: 3330: 3319: 3258:Charles Meynier 3209:and later into 3192:Napoleonic Wars 3180: 3169: 3163: 3160: 3145: 3129: 3118: 3052: 2991:mounted archers 2962: 2957: 2945:Leo VI the Wise 2840:Cyrus the Great 2800: 2795: 2736:unity of effort 2667: 2656: 2650: 2647: 2636: 2623: 2619: 2612: 2563:Strategic goals 2505: 2441: 2412: 2411: 2340: 2332: 2331: 2318:Core competency 2295: 2287: 2286: 2282:Henry Mintzberg 2228:Candace A. Yano 2219:Bruce Henderson 2205: 2197: 2196: 2188:Decision theory 2156: 2123: 2096:and deception. 2089:Western society 2040:strategic goals 2025: 1996: 1995: 1946: 1936: 1935: 1901: 1893: 1892: 1833: 1823: 1822: 1796:Multilateralism 1781:Law enforcement 1741: 1731: 1730: 1699:Just war theory 1657: 1647: 1646: 1597:Geneva Protocol 1567: 1557: 1556: 1530: 1520: 1519: 1461: 1451: 1450: 1358: 1348: 1347: 1288: 1278: 1277: 1243: 1233: 1232: 1163:Network-centric 1083: 1073: 1072: 980: 970: 969: 918: 908: 907: 856:Rapid dominance 761: 751: 750: 706:Electromagnetic 615: 605: 604: 591: 544: 492: 468: 458: 457: 453:Combat training 434: 411: 377:Combat systems: 373: 335: 331:Auxiliary ships 297: 257: 253:Military police 219: 142: 132: 131: 71: 45: 44: 43: 38: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6568: 6566: 6558: 6557: 6552: 6542: 6541: 6535: 6534: 6531: 6530: 6528: 6527: 6516: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6509: 6507:Scorched earth 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6438: 6435: 6434: 6424: 6422: 6421: 6414: 6407: 6399: 6389: 6388: 6381: 6366: 6356: 6351:, free ebook, 6345: 6338: 6324: 6321: 6320: 6319: 6309: 6306:978-1844154760 6296:May, Timothy. 6294: 6287: 6272: 6265: 6258: 6251: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6232: 6213: 6196: 6169: 6142: 6129: 6097: 6088: 6075: 6049: 6029: 6027:Parillo; Blair 6020: 6003: 5983: 5970: 5947: 5943:Fighting Power 5934: 5914: 5884: 5855:(2): 287–296. 5849:War in History 5835: 5814: 5794: 5759:(2): 287–296. 5753:War in History 5739: 5730: 5721: 5705: 5689: 5673: 5657: 5608: 5578: 5548: 5533: 5520: 5500: 5485: 5476: 5463: 5451: 5442: 5433: 5403: 5373: 5326: 5296: 5286:, 8 March 2013 5271: 5241: 5217: 5202: 5177: 5168: 5159: 5150: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5094: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5081:Related topics 5078: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5041: 5040: 5035: 5034: 5033: 5023: 5018: 5017: 5016: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4989:Naval strategy 4986: 4984:Grand strategy 4981: 4975: 4974: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4951: 4948: 4869: 4866: 4861: 4860: 4849: 4838: 4827: 4816: 4696: 4693: 4645:United Nations 4575: 4572: 4551: 4548: 4524:island hopping 4511: 4508: 4473: 4470: 4458:scorched earth 4436: 4433: 4409:southern Italy 4364: 4361: 4293: 4290: 4212: 4209: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4081:Heinz Guderian 4021: 4018: 3964:Ferdinand Foch 3944:Central Powers 3925:reconnaissance 3909:T. E. Lawrence 3889:Ottoman Empire 3822: 3821: 3772: 3770: 3763: 3757: 3754: 3745:naval strategy 3612: 3611: 3562: 3560: 3553: 3547: 3546:Industrial age 3544: 3513: 3512: 3481: 3478: 3466:Peninsular War 3458:trench warfare 3383: 3382: 3333: 3331: 3324: 3318: 3315: 3231:light infantry 3182: 3181: 3132: 3130: 3123: 3117: 3114: 3105:interior lines 3051: 3048: 2995:scorched earth 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2927:of "στρατός" ( 2893:scorched earth 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2749: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2719: 2716: 2692:The Art of War 2669: 2668: 2633:of the subject 2631:worldwide view 2626: 2624: 2617: 2611: 2608: 2580:grand strategy 2504: 2501: 2465:grand strategy 2453:foreign policy 2443: 2442: 2440: 2439: 2432: 2425: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2410: 2409: 2396: 2394:Kraljic matrix 2387: 2385:MECE principle 2378: 2369: 2360: 2351: 2341: 2338: 2337: 2334: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2324: 2315: 2306: 2300:Business model 2296: 2293: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2285: 2284: 2279: 2270: 2261: 2255:Julian Corbett 2252: 2243: 2234: 2232:C. K. Prahalad 2225: 2216: 2210:Michael Porter 2206: 2204:Major thinkers 2203: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2185: 2176: 2167: 2157: 2154: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2141: 2140: 2134: 2133: 2122: 2119: 2084:The Art of War 2060:of the enemy. 2027: 2026: 2024: 2023: 2016: 2009: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1961:Military terms 1958: 1953: 1947: 1942: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1834: 1829: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1815: 1814: 1813: 1808: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1742: 1737: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1723: 1722: 1721: 1719:Tripwire force 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1658: 1653: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1645: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1568: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1553: 1552: 1542: 1537: 1531: 1526: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1518: 1517: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1495: 1490: 1489: 1488: 1483: 1473: 1468: 1462: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1449: 1448: 1439: 1434: 1433: 1432: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1371: 1370: 1359: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1289: 1284: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1244: 1241:Administrative 1239: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1168:New generation 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1143:Fleet in being 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1084: 1081:Grand strategy 1079: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1068:Scorched earth 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 981: 976: 975: 972: 971: 968: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 945:Deep operation 942: 937: 930: 925: 919: 914: 913: 910: 909: 906: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 874: 873: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 792: 791: 786: 781: 771: 762: 757: 756: 753: 752: 749: 748: 746:Unconventional 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 703: 694: 692:Disinformation 689: 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 663: 662: 657: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 616: 611: 610: 607: 606: 603: 602: 597: 590: 589: 588: 587: 586: 585: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 543: 542: 541: 540: 539: 538: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 491: 490: 489: 488: 483: 478: 469: 464: 463: 460: 459: 456: 455: 450: 445: 443:Basic training 440: 433: 432: 427: 422: 417: 410: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 372: 371: 369:Reconnaissance 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 334: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 296: 295: 290: 288:Special forces 285: 280: 279: 278: 268: 263: 256: 255: 250: 245: 243:Reconnaissance 240: 235: 230: 225: 218: 217: 208: 203: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 143: 138: 137: 134: 133: 130: 129: 128: 127: 122: 112: 111: 110: 105: 95: 94: 93: 86:Post-classical 83: 78: 72: 67: 66: 63: 62: 54: 53: 35: 34: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6567: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6526: 6518: 6517: 6514: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6436: 6431: 6427: 6420: 6415: 6413: 6408: 6406: 6401: 6400: 6397: 6393: 6386: 6382: 6379: 6378:0-7432-5042-7 6375: 6371: 6367: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6343: 6339: 6336: 6331: 6327: 6326: 6322: 6317: 6313: 6310: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6292: 6288: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6270: 6266: 6263: 6259: 6256: 6252: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6240: 6236: 6230: 6229:0-7139-9836-9 6226: 6222: 6217: 6214: 6210: 6199: 6197:9780815798422 6193: 6189: 6188: 6183: 6179: 6173: 6170: 6166: 6155: 6154: 6146: 6143: 6139: 6133: 6130: 6114: 6107: 6101: 6098: 6092: 6089: 6085: 6079: 6076: 6065:on 2011-03-06 6064: 6060: 6057:Joey Baking. 6053: 6050: 6044: 6038: 6033: 6030: 6024: 6021: 6017: 6006: 6000: 5996: 5995: 5987: 5984: 5973: 5971:9783421019356 5967: 5963: 5959: 5958: 5951: 5948: 5944: 5938: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5924: 5918: 5915: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5888: 5885: 5880: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5839: 5836: 5832: 5830: 5817: 5815:9781597974608 5811: 5807: 5806: 5798: 5795: 5791: 5789: 5784: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5743: 5740: 5734: 5731: 5725: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5709: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5693: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5677: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5661: 5658: 5647:on 2012-04-17 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5620: 5612: 5609: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5579:9781437901290 5575: 5571: 5564: 5563: 5558: 5552: 5549: 5544: 5543:The Civil War 5537: 5534: 5523: 5517: 5513: 5512: 5504: 5501: 5497: 5494: 5489: 5486: 5480: 5477: 5473: 5467: 5464: 5460: 5455: 5452: 5446: 5443: 5437: 5434: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5404:9781437901290 5400: 5396: 5389: 5388: 5383: 5377: 5374: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5330: 5327: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5300: 5297: 5285: 5281: 5275: 5272: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5245: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5224: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5211: 5206: 5203: 5192: 5188: 5181: 5178: 5172: 5169: 5163: 5160: 5154: 5151: 5145: 5142: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5080: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5065:Shock and awe 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5043: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5032: 5029: 5028: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5015: 5012: 5011: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4976: 4972: 4971: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4957: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4938: 4934: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4919: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4892: 4890: 4885: 4879: 4875: 4868:Post–Cold War 4867: 4865: 4854: 4850: 4843: 4839: 4832: 4828: 4821: 4817: 4810: 4806: 4805: 4804: 4801: 4796: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4776: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4762:cold warriors 4758: 4756: 4752: 4747: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4667: 4663: 4658: 4654: 4653:Lake Changjin 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4633: 4631: 4626: 4624: 4619: 4615: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4587: 4585: 4581: 4571: 4569: 4565: 4560: 4558: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4520: 4518: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4500: 4496: 4495:fait accompli 4491: 4489: 4484: 4480: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4461: 4459: 4453: 4450: 4445: 4443: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4417: 4415: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4393: 4391: 4385: 4383: 4378: 4377:Joseph Stalin 4374: 4373:Germany first 4370: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4353: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4329: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4318:Pact of Steel 4314: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4299: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4271: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4240: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4225: 4218: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4189: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4160: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4145: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4103:. The use of 4102: 4097: 4095: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4077: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4050: 4046: 4045:Giulio Douhet 4042: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4019: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4007: 4001: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3986:stormtroopers 3983: 3979: 3978: 3973: 3967: 3965: 3959: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3869: 3865: 3862: 3857: 3856:Passchendaele 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3836:Western Front 3833: 3829: 3818: 3815: 3807: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3778: 3773:This section 3771: 3767: 3762: 3761: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3734: 3733:Hans Delbrück 3729: 3727: 3723: 3717: 3714: 3709: 3707: 3703: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3675: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3642: 3637: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3622:Robert E. Lee 3619: 3608: 3605: 3597: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3568: 3563:This section 3561: 3557: 3552: 3551: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3536: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3519: 3510: 3509: 3508: 3506: 3502: 3501: 3496: 3490: 3486: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3434: 3432: 3428: 3427:Prussian Army 3423: 3420: 3416: 3415:Prussian army 3412: 3406: 3397: 3389: 3379: 3376: 3368: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3334:This section 3332: 3328: 3323: 3322: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3295: 3289: 3287: 3283: 3278: 3275: 3271: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3254: 3249: 3245: 3242: 3238: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3178: 3175: 3167: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3133:This section 3131: 3127: 3122: 3121: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3091:(1756–1763), 3090: 3085: 3083: 3082: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3066:(1618-1648), 3065: 3061: 3057: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3044: 3038: 3036: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3012: 3008: 3004: 2998: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2979: 2975: 2966: 2959: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2915:"στρατηγία" ( 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2885: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2828:Julius Caesar 2825: 2824:Qin Shi Huang 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2797: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2761: 2759: 2755: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2693: 2688: 2680: 2675: 2665: 2662: 2654: 2644: 2640: 2634: 2632: 2625: 2616: 2615: 2609: 2607: 2603: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2564: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2537: 2534:Strategy and 2532: 2530: 2526: 2523:, during the 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2483: 2478: 2474: 2473:confederation 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2438: 2433: 2431: 2426: 2424: 2419: 2418: 2416: 2415: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2372:PEST analysis 2370: 2368: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2358:Ansoff matrix 2355: 2352: 2350: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2291: 2290: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2201: 2200: 2193: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2159: 2158: 2152: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2142: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2126: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2086: 2085: 2080: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2050: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2022: 2017: 2015: 2010: 2008: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1999: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1940: 1939: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1897: 1896: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1848:Warrior caste 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1832: 1827: 1826: 1819: 1818:Show of force 1816: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1806:Peacebuilding 1804: 1803: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1740: 1735: 1734: 1727: 1724: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1694: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1662:Air supremacy 1660: 1659: 1656: 1651: 1650: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1602:Islamic rules 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1582:Court-martial 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1566: 1561: 1560: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1529: 1524: 1523: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1481:Arms industry 1479: 1478: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1463: 1460: 1455: 1454: 1447: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1431: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1364: 1361: 1360: 1357: 1352: 1351: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1287: 1282: 1281: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1242: 1237: 1236: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1098:Broken-backed 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1082: 1077: 1076: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 985: 984: 979: 974: 973: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 940:Expeditionary 938: 936: 935: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 920: 917: 912: 911: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 872: 869: 868: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 811:Counterattack 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 776: 775: 772: 770: 767: 766: 765: 760: 755: 754: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 736:Psychological 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 672:Combined arms 670: 668: 665: 661: 658: 656: 653: 652: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 617: 614: 609: 608: 601: 598: 596: 593: 592: 584: 581: 580: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 550: 549: 546: 545: 537: 534: 533: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 511:Fortification 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 498: 497: 494: 493: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 473: 471: 470: 467: 462: 461: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 435: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 412: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 374: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 336: 332: 329: 327: 326:Landing craft 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 298: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 277: 274: 273: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 258: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 224: 221: 220: 216: 212: 211:Standing army 209: 207: 204: 202: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 144: 141: 136: 135: 126: 123: 121: 118: 117: 116: 113: 109: 106: 104: 103:pike and shot 101: 100: 99: 96: 92: 89: 88: 87: 84: 82: 79: 77: 74: 73: 70: 65: 64: 60: 56: 55: 49: 41: 36: 32: 31: 19: 6425: 6384: 6369: 6359: 6348: 6341: 6315: 6297: 6290: 6275: 6268: 6261: 6254: 6243: 6237:Bibliography 6220: 6216: 6207: 6201:. Retrieved 6186: 6172: 6164: 6158:. Retrieved 6152: 6145: 6137: 6132: 6120:. Retrieved 6113:the original 6100: 6091: 6083: 6078: 6067:. Retrieved 6063:the original 6052: 6037:Shrader 1995 6032: 6023: 6014: 6008:. Retrieved 5993: 5986: 5975:. Retrieved 5961: 5956: 5950: 5942: 5937: 5917: 5899: 5887: 5852: 5848: 5838: 5828: 5826: 5819:. Retrieved 5804: 5797: 5787: 5786: 5756: 5752: 5742: 5733: 5724: 5716: 5708: 5700: 5692: 5684: 5676: 5668: 5660: 5649:. Retrieved 5642:the original 5629: 5625: 5611: 5599:. Retrieved 5592:the original 5561: 5551: 5542: 5536: 5525:. Retrieved 5510: 5503: 5495: 5488: 5479: 5471: 5466: 5458: 5454: 5445: 5436: 5424:. Retrieved 5417:the original 5386: 5376: 5346:(1): 62–75. 5343: 5339: 5329: 5318:, retrieved 5314:the original 5309: 5299: 5288:, retrieved 5283: 5274: 5263:, retrieved 5259:the original 5254: 5244: 5228: 5212: 5205: 5194:. Retrieved 5190: 5180: 5171: 5162: 5153: 5144: 5096: 5038:Roerich Pact 4953: 4939: 4935: 4920: 4893: 4881: 4862: 4800:no first use 4797: 4789:breakthrough 4779: 4766:Dean Acheson 4759: 4748: 4744:atomic spies 4729: 4703:was that of 4698: 4670: 4634: 4627: 4620: 4616: 4588: 4584:people's war 4577: 4564:Kokoda track 4561: 4553: 4521: 4513: 4494: 4492: 4488:Pearl Harbor 4475: 4462: 4454: 4446: 4438: 4418: 4394: 4386: 4366: 4357:Pearl Harbor 4354: 4334: 4330: 4315: 4295: 4272: 4241: 4236: 4222: 4220: 4211:War strategy 4190: 4169:Soviet Union 4161: 4142: 4135:Adolf Hitler 4128: 4115:World War II 4098: 4078: 4054: 4038: 4023: 4014: 4010: 4002: 3994:Erwin Rommel 3989: 3975: 3968: 3960: 3937: 3917: 3870: 3866: 3825: 3810: 3801: 3786:Please help 3774: 3738: 3730: 3718: 3710: 3699: 3676: 3641:breechloader 3638: 3615: 3600: 3591: 3576:Please help 3564: 3541: 3537: 3529:intelligence 3522: 3514: 3498: 3493: 3474: 3470: 3453: 3451: 3435: 3424: 3408: 3371: 3362: 3347:Please help 3335: 3299: 3290: 3281: 3279: 3267: 3251: 3239: 3233:fighting in 3204: 3185: 3170: 3161: 3146:Please help 3134: 3086: 3080: 3075: 3059: 3053: 3041: 3039: 3019: 3015: 2999: 2978:Genghis Khan 2971: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2886: 2874: 2847: 2801: 2786:Maginot Line 2762: 2757: 2750: 2690: 2684: 2657: 2651:January 2022 2648: 2628: 2604: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2568: 2560: 2533: 2506: 2486: 2469:nation state 2446: 2403:Strategy map 2273:Sharon Oster 2241:Liddell Hart 2169: 2121:Fundamentals 2108: 2103:Arthashastra 2101: 2082: 2077: 2062: 2047: 2031: 2030: 1931:Fifth column 1911:War resister 1906:Women in war 1801:Peacekeeping 1746:Arms control 1691: 1380:Mobilization 1375:Conscription 1333:Intelligence 1286:Organization 977: 932: 861:Encirclement 741:Radiological 677:Conventional 531:Subterranean 438:Development: 437: 414: 376: 338: 301:Naval units: 300: 293:Signal corps 260: 238:Intelligence 223:Specialties: 222: 147:Organization 98:Early modern 6457:Culminating 5601:12 December 4929:in 1991 or 4914:(PKK), and 4755:superpowers 4751:third world 4705:containment 4651:valley and 4639:during the 4611:land reform 4557:John Curtin 4483:oil boycott 4384:programme. 4307:Appeasement 4197:Appeasement 4165:re-armament 3980:and modern 3903:(1917) and 3804:August 2014 3756:World War I 3683:Cold Harbor 3660:Steam power 3656:Confederate 3594:August 2014 3533:generalship 3464:during the 3365:August 2014 3200:World War I 3164:August 2014 3043:schwerpunkt 2955:Middle Ages 2856:used their 2832:Zhuge Liang 2793:Development 2782:barbed wire 2778:machine gun 2721:Mass Type ( 2709:FM 3–0 2349:Five forces 2309:Value chain 2237:Jim Collins 2192:Game theory 2115:battlefield 1916:War studies 1739:Non-warfare 1667:Appeasement 1632:Martial law 1471:War economy 1410:Transgender 1363:Recruitment 1123:Containment 1008:Culminating 916:Operational 836:Envelopment 779:Air assault 660:Air cavalry 620:Air defence 600:Information 501:Cold-region 466:Battlespace 415:Historical: 261:Land units: 187:Space force 182:Coast guard 115:Late modern 76:Prehistoric 6544:Categories 6203:2020-04-02 6160:2020-04-02 6069:2014-07-22 6010:2017-01-31 5977:2017-01-31 5910:Wiktionary 5900:Vom Kriege 5788:Vom Kriege 5651:2011-12-29 5527:2012-07-31 5196:2021-01-15 5132:References 5098:Battleplan 5060:Blitzkrieg 4931:Yugoslavia 4925:– witness 4884:multipolar 4872:See also: 4781:Strategies 4713:Deterrence 4689:insurgency 4641:Korean War 4614:mainland. 4607:Long March 4591:Communists 4580:Mao Zedong 4568:New Guinea 4550:Australian 4382:Lend-Lease 4296:Since the 4237:Mein Kampf 4224:Mein Kampf 4144:Lebensraum 4101:leadership 4089:Blitzkrieg 4085:Truppenamt 3990:blitzkrieg 3977:blitzkrieg 3929:poison gas 3885:amphibious 3648:minie ball 3505:leadership 3495:Clausewitz 3443:philosophy 3411:Wellington 3403:See also: 3227:musketeers 3116:Napoleonic 2903:campaign, 2770:Napoleonic 2610:Principles 2541:world wars 2503:Background 2277:Chris Zook 2264:J.C. Wylie 2223:Gary Hamel 1976:War crimes 1966:Operations 1873:Foot drill 1843:Battle cry 1756:deterrence 1415:Harassment 1390:Specialism 1213:Technology 1208:Succession 1153:Liberation 1088:Asymmetric 1023:Empty fort 934:Blitzkrieg 903:Withdrawal 866:Investment 645:Camouflage 640:Biological 578:Underwater 553:Amphibious 472:Aerospace 339:Air units: 316:Submarines 125:fourth-gen 120:industrial 108:napoleonic 18:Strategics 6502:Offensive 6482:Defensive 6477:Deception 6447:Attrition 6122:April 13, 5921:See U.S. 5681:στρατηγός 5665:στρατηγία 5632:: 69–80. 5588:780900309 5426:31 August 5413:780900309 5360:0026-3397 5310:Bloomberg 4933:in 1999. 4904:Hezbollah 4775:communism 4760:American 4736:espionage 4686:Communist 4657:the South 4260:Wehrmacht 4252:Churchill 4242:Once the 4182:Anschluss 4149:communism 4109:transport 4105:telegraph 4041:air power 4020:Inter war 3948:total war 3840:stalemate 3775:does not 3750:arms race 3713:telegraph 3687:Vicksburg 3668:telegraph 3664:ironclads 3565:does not 3460:were the 3336:does not 3215:artillery 3207:divisions 3135:does not 3076:Strategie 3026:trebuchet 2949:Byzantium 2921:strategos 2917:strategia 2905:deception 2901:guerrilla 2858:sea power 2798:Antiquity 2643:talk page 2599:diplomacy 2595:divisions 2517:logistics 2058:deception 2049:strategos 1863:War novel 1766:Grey-zone 1726:War games 1687:Overmatch 1637:War crime 1587:Desertion 1577:Ceasefire 1572:Armistice 1459:Logistics 1437:Mercenary 1425:Volunteer 1356:Personnel 1328:Engineers 1273:Sociology 1228:World war 1223:Total war 1203:Strategic 1193:Religious 1178:Political 1173:Perpetual 1148:Irregular 1063:Offensive 1038:Defensive 1033:Deception 993:Attrition 846:Guerrilla 841:Formation 784:Airbridge 716:Loitering 630:Artillery 283:Artillery 233:Engineers 201:Irregular 172:Air force 6525:Category 5879:26746704 5783:26746704 5496:Strategy 5213:Strategy 4979:Strategy 4967:See also 4956:Al-Qaeda 4916:Al-Qaeda 4701:Cold War 4695:Cold War 4538:and the 4510:American 4472:Japanese 4270:(1940). 4028:and the 4026:aircraft 3954:against 3672:skirmish 3317:Waterloo 3294:flanking 3260:. After 3235:skirmish 3190:and the 3101:Prussian 3054:In 1520 3030:ballista 2976:emperor 2925:compound 2897:blockade 2895:action, 2870:Carthage 2866:Hannibal 2852:how the 2820:Hannibal 2808:Chanakya 2699:General 2637:You may 2477:alliance 2294:Concepts 2161:Strategy 2138:Strategy 2130:a series 2128:Part of 2098:Chanakya 1878:War song 1853:War film 1486:Materiel 1405:Children 1385:Training 1323:Medicine 1308:Doctrine 1263:Training 1198:Resource 1183:Princely 1133:Economic 1118:Conquest 1113:Colonial 1108:Cold war 1093:Blockade 978:Strategy 950:Maneuver 711:Infantry 667:Chemical 521:Mountain 481:Airborne 344:Fighters 311:Warships 266:Infantry 192:Reserves 140:Military 6364:excerpt 6362:(2013) 6248:excerpt 6246:(2023) 5932:, U.K. 5905:Politik 5821:7 April 5368:2109166 4973:General 4853:Russian 4842:Russian 4831:Russian 4820:Russian 4809:Russian 4725:bipolar 4721:proxies 4660:at the 4601:in the 4597:led by 4292:British 4256:Channel 4125:Pre-war 4096:Corps. 4061:Cambrai 3940:Entente 3905:Megiddo 3897:cavalry 3854:and at 3796:removed 3781:sources 3693:or the 3586:removed 3571:sources 3431:Blücher 3357:removed 3342:sources 3237:lines. 3223:pikemen 3156:removed 3141:sources 3087:In the 3081:Tactica 3003:Persian 2983:Eurasia 2929:stratos 2804:Sun Tzu 2711:) are: 2687:Sun Tzu 2549:cavalry 2545:company 2536:tactics 2513:tactics 2509:trivium 2451:and of 2449:warfare 2250:Sun Tzu 2111:tactics 2079:Sun Tzu 2054:general 1991:Writers 1986:Weapons 1951:Battles 1900:Related 1888:Wargame 1883:Uniform 1831:Culture 1612:Perfidy 1607:Justice 1528:Science 1513:Outpost 1466:History 1446:Warrior 1442:Soldier 1430:foreign 1368:counter 1268:Service 1218:Theater 1158:Limited 1138:Endemic 1053:Nuclear 826:Foxhole 801:Cavalry 789:Airdrop 774:Airlift 759:Tactics 731:Nuclear 721:Missile 650:Cavalry 635:Barrage 613:Weapons 573:Surface 354:Command 349:Bombers 306:Frogman 276:Cavalry 248:Medical 215:Militia 197:Regular 177:Marines 91:castles 81:Ancient 69:History 48:outline 6472:Mosaic 6467:Fabian 6376: 6304: 6282: 6227: 6194: 6001: 5968: 5892:German 5877: 5829:On War 5827:wrote 5812: 5781: 5586: 5576: 5518: 5411: 5401: 5366: 5358: 5320:18 May 5290:22 May 5265:22 May 5235: 4961:netwar 4950:Netwar 4910:, the 4435:Soviet 4405:Sicily 4229:Hitler 4153:Nazism 4120:German 4094:Panzer 3848:Verdun 3838:was a 3644:rifles 3500:On War 3445:, and 3429:under 3219:cannon 2987:levies 2974:Mongol 2854:Romans 2774:trench 2768:, saw 2758:ad hoc 2679:Cimbri 2553:panzer 2521:Carnot 1971:Sieges 1655:Theory 1395:Morale 1253:Policy 1248:Branch 1028:Mosaic 1018:Fabian 965:Covert 898:Trench 883:Screen 806:Charge 796:Battle 769:Aerial 687:Denial 655:Horses 583:Seabed 536:Tunnel 516:Jungle 506:Desert 476:Aerial 6497:Naval 6487:Depth 6116:(PDF) 6109:(PDF) 5960:[ 5875:JSTOR 5779:JSTOR 5645:(PDF) 5622:(PDF) 5595:(PDF) 5566:(PDF) 5420:(PDF) 5391:(PDF) 5364:JSTOR 5137:Notes 4764:like 4542:that 4283:Japan 4235:. In 3852:Somme 3652:Union 3211:corps 2913:Greek 2909:feint 2868:with 2844:Mahan 2591:corps 2046:word 2044:Greek 1944:Lists 1400:Women 1338:Ranks 1258:Staff 1188:Proxy 1103:Class 1058:Naval 1043:Depth 878:Swarm 871:Siege 851:Naval 831:Drone 726:Music 701:Robot 697:Drone 682:Cyber 625:Armor 595:Cyber 568:Green 563:Brown 526:Urban 486:Space 407:Radar 402:Sonar 271:Armor 228:Staff 206:Ranks 6492:Goal 6430:list 6374:ISBN 6328:The 6302:ISBN 6280:ISBN 6225:ISBN 6192:ISBN 6124:2010 6043:help 5999:ISBN 5966:ISBN 5928:and 5823:2024 5810:ISBN 5697:ἀγός 5603:2017 5584:OCLC 5574:ISBN 5516:ISBN 5428:2013 5409:OCLC 5399:ISBN 5356:ISSN 5322:2013 5292:2013 5267:2013 5233:ISBN 4927:Iraq 4876:and 4768:and 4738:and 4678:Peru 4407:and 4275:USSR 4030:tank 3920:navy 3901:Gaza 3779:any 3777:cite 3704:and 3685:and 3662:and 3654:and 3646:and 3628:and 3569:any 3567:cite 3340:any 3338:cite 3225:and 3186:The 3139:any 3137:cite 3024:. A 3009:and 3007:Arab 2933:agos 2907:and 2806:and 2780:and 2593:and 2556:army 2488:NATO 2407:VRIO 2363:OGSM 2345:SWOT 1981:Wars 1498:Base 1048:Goal 960:Raid 558:Blue 496:Land 167:Navy 162:Army 5865:hdl 5857:doi 5769:hdl 5761:doi 5713:ἄγω 5634:doi 5570:GPO 5395:GPO 5348:doi 4908:ETA 4673:IRA 4566:in 4403:), 4328:). 3790:by 3580:by 3520:". 3497:'s 3351:by 3256:by 3150:by 3058:'s 2989:of 2947:of 2937:ago 2864:of 2547:of 2381:STP 2100:'s 1565:Law 1508:FOB 1503:MOB 548:Sea 40:War 6546:: 6314:, 6206:. 6180:; 6163:. 6013:. 5898:- 5894:: 5873:. 5863:. 5853:26 5851:. 5847:. 5825:. 5785:. 5777:. 5767:. 5757:26 5755:. 5751:. 5630:27 5628:. 5624:. 5582:. 5407:. 5397:. 5362:. 5354:. 5342:. 5338:. 5308:, 5282:, 5253:, 5220:^ 5189:. 4963:. 4906:, 4902:, 4855:: 4844:: 4833:: 4822:: 4811:: 4777:. 4746:. 4711:. 4546:. 4392:. 4036:. 4008:. 3958:. 3935:. 3624:, 3313:. 3202:. 3037:. 3005:, 2993:, 2951:. 2899:, 2891:, 2834:, 2830:, 2826:, 2822:, 2818:, 2814:, 2776:, 2558:. 2531:. 2484:. 2471:, 2132:on 2067:, 1444:/ 699:/ 213:/ 199:/ 6432:) 6428:( 6418:e 6411:t 6404:v 6380:. 6355:. 6308:. 6286:. 6126:. 6072:. 6047:. 6045:) 5980:. 5912:. 5881:. 5867:: 5859:: 5771:: 5763:: 5654:. 5636:: 5605:. 5530:. 5430:. 5370:. 5350:: 5344:2 5239:. 5199:. 4837:) 4826:) 4815:) 4477:( 4277:( 4171:( 3817:) 3811:( 3806:) 3802:( 3798:. 3784:. 3607:) 3601:( 3596:) 3592:( 3588:. 3574:. 3378:) 3372:( 3367:) 3363:( 3359:. 3345:. 3177:) 3171:( 3166:) 3162:( 3158:. 3144:. 3108:" 2664:) 2658:( 2653:) 2649:( 2635:. 2436:e 2429:t 2422:v 2020:e 2013:t 2006:v 50:) 46:( 20:)

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