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health care providers and medical practitioners have the advantage of treating a demographic of drug abuse patients that are better educated and equipped with resources to recover from addiction and overdose. The disparity of treatment and initiatives between suburban and urban environments in regard to drug abuse and overdose is a public health concern. Although suburban healthcare providers may have more resources to address drug addiction, abuse, and overdose, preconceived ideas about suburban lifestyles may prevent them from providing proper treatment to patients. Considering the increasing incidence of drug abuse in suburban environments, the contextual factors that affect certain demographics must also be considered to better understand the prevalence of drug abuse in suburbs; for example, adolescents and their relationship with social groups in school and other socializing forces that occur as a result of suburbanization impact drug abuse incidence.
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spaces is sometimes fueled by the relationship between the general public, medical practitioners, and the pharmaceutical industry. These affluent individuals who are living in the suburbs often have increased means of obtaining otherwise expensive and potent drugs, such as opioids and narcotics through valid prescriptions. In the United States, the combination of demographic and economic features created as a result of suburbanization has increased the risk of drug abuse in suburban communities. Heroin in suburban communities has increased in incidence as new heroin users in the United States are predominantly white suburban men and women in their early twenties. Adolescents and young adults are at an increased risk of drug abuse in suburban spaces due to the enclosed social and economic enclaves that surburbanization propagates. The
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development were under tight political control. Consequently, sub-urbanization in post-socialist Europe is not only a recent, but also a particular phenomenon. The creation of housing and land markets, together with state's withdrawal from housing provisions, have led to the development of privatized modes of housing production and consumption, with an increasing role for private actors, and particularly for households. Yet, the regulatory and institutional frameworks indispensable to a market-driven housing system – including housing finance – have remained underdeveloped, particularly in south-eastern Europe. This environment has undoubtedly stimulated housing self-provision. Clearly, different forces have shaped different outcomes.
614:), which during the 1990s doubled the size of the city whereas war refugees put pressure on cities of former Yugoslavia. Elsewhere processes of suburbanization seemed dominant, but their pace differed according to housing shortages, available finances, preferences, and the degree of 'permitted' informality. The process was slow in Prague during the 1990s and more apparent after 2000, when housing affordability improved. Conversely, Slovenian and Romanian suburban developments visibly surrounded cities/towns during the 1990s. Nonetheless, socialist legacies of underdeveloped infrastructure and the affordability crisis of transition differentiate post-socialist suburbs from their Western counterparts.
599:
633:. Suburban housing displayed a chaotic/unplanned character, especially in south-eastern Europe, where the state retains a degree of illegitimacy. Accepting scattered for-profit housing, much of the new detached suburban houses seem self-developed. Allegedly, owner-building has become a household strategy to adapt to recession, high and volatile inflation, to cut construction costs, and to bridge access to housing. The predominantly owner-built feature of most suburban housing, with the land often obtained at no cost through restitution policies or illegal occupation, allowed a mix of low-/middle-income households within these developments.
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suburbanization, it has then caused a degradation of air quality, increase usage of natural resources like water and oil, as well as increased amounts of greenhouse gas. With the increased use of vehicles to commute to and from the work place this causes increased use of oil and gas as well as an increase in emissions. With the increase in emissions from vehicles, this then can cause air pollution and degrades the air quality of an area. Suburbanization is growing which causes an increase in housing development, that then results in an increase in
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parent, they are less able to practice independence. Teenagers without independence can experience boredom, isolation, and frustration. These feelings have even led to an increase in rates of teenage suicide and school shootings in suburban areas. The elderly in suburbia may also experience more social isolation after losing the ability to drive. Both the wealthy elderly and those who still live in suburbs are largely separated from all other groups of society.
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often lowered the cost of home ownership for Black households. This trend was stronger in older and denser cities, especially in the
Northeast and Midwest, because new construction was generally more difficult. As of the 2010 census, minorities such as African Americans, Asian Americans and Indo-Americans have become an increasing large factor in recent suburbanization. Many suburbs now have large minority communities in suburban and commuter cities.
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578:, shopping malls, and other high-density developments. With more jobs for suburbanites in these areas rather than in the main city core from which the suburbs grew, traffic patterns have become more complex, with the volume of intra-suburban traffic increasing. Historically, by the year 2000, nearly half of the US population had relocated to suburban areas.
538:, which take advantage of computerization and the availability of efficient transportation networks, also eliminates some of the advantages that were once to be had from having a business located in the city. Industrial, warehousing, and factory land uses have also moved to suburban areas. This removes the need for company headquarters to be within a quick
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654:, due to lower population density, lower crime, and a more stable population. A study based on data from 1974, however, found this not to be the case, finding that people living in the suburbs had neither greater satisfaction with their neighborhood nor greater satisfaction with the quality of their lives as compared to people living in urban areas.
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566:. The overall effect of these developments is that both businesses and individuals now see an advantage to relocating to the suburbs, where the cost of buying land, renting space, and running their operations is cheaper than in the city. This continuing dispersal from a single-city center has led to the advent of
719:, also contribute to the flight of industrial development from major cities to surrounding suburban areas. As suburban industrial development becomes increasingly more profitable, it becomes less financially attractive to build in high-density areas. Another impact of industry leaving the city is the reduction of
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Sykora, L., & Ourednicek, M. (2007). Sprawling post-communist metropolis: Commercial and residential suburbanisation in Prague and Brno, the Czech
Republic. In E. Razin, M. Dijst & C. Vazquez (Eds.), Employment Deconcentration in European Metropolitan Areas. Market Forces versus Planning (pp.
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Pre-existing disparities in the demographic composition of suburbs pose problems in drug consumption and abuse. This is due to the disconnection created between drug addiction and the biased outward perception of suburban health and safety. The difference in drug mortality rates of suburban and urban
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of urban centers increases. Companies increasingly look to build industrial parks in less populated areas, largely for more modern buildings and ample parking, as well as to appease the popular desire to work in less congested areas. Government economic policies that provide incentives for companies
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grew to fill the county. Areas along the river became industrialized and apartment buildings filled the places where factories did not replace the scattered houses. As a result, much of
Brooklyn transformed from a suburban economy into an urban economy entirely. Many other suburbs have followed this
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During the mid to late 20th century, most socialist countries in the
Eastern Bloc were characterized by under-urbanization, which meant that industrial growth occurred well in advance of urban growth, which was sustained by rural-urban commuting. City growth, residential mobility, land, and housing
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As the trend of suburbanization took hold in the United States, many of the people who left the city for the suburbs were white. As a result, there was a rise in Black home ownership in central cities. As white households left for the suburbs, housing prices in transition neighborhoods fell, which
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Suburbanization has negative social impacts on many groups of people, including children, adolescents, and the elderly. Children affected by suburbanization or urban sprawl are occasionally referred to as "cul-de-sac kids." Because children living in suburbs typically cannot go anywhere without a
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Public deficits can often grow as a result of suburbanization, mainly because property taxes tend to be lower in less densely populated areas. Also, because of decentralization, lack of variety of housing types, and greater distances between homes, real estate development and public service costs
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costs, fiscal policies, and diversity of cities have been easily apparent, as "making it to the suburbs", mainly in order to own a home and escape the chaos of urban centers, have become the goals of many
American citizens. These impacts have many benefits as well as side effects and are becoming
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in the United States brought about an increase in suburbanization, when soldiers returned home from war to reside in houses outside of the city. During this time
America had a prosperous post-war economy, which resulted in more available leisure time and an increased priority in creating a family
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As
America continues to sprawl, the cost of the required water lines, sewer lines, and roads could cost more than $ 21,000 per residential and non-residential development unit, costing the American government $ 1.12 trillion between 2005 and 2030. Along with the costs of infrastructure, existing
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The shift in demographics and economic statuses related to suburbanization has increased the risk of drug abuse in affluent
American communities and changed the approach to drug abuse public health initiatives. When addressing public health concerns of drug abuse with patients directly, suburban
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distance of warehouses and ports. Urban areas often suffer from traffic congestion, which creates extra driver costs for the company that may have otherwise been reduced if they were located in a suburban area near a highway instead. Lower property taxes and low land prices encourage selling
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and available land. Suburbanization has also been linked to increases in natural resource use like water to meet residents' demands and to maintain suburban lawns. Also, with the increase in technology and consumptions of residents there is an increase in energy consumption by the amount of
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The growth of suburbanization and the spread of people living outside the city can causes negative impacts on the environment. Suburbanization has been linked to the increase in vehicle mileage, increased land use, and an increase in residential energy consumption. From these factors of
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infrastructure suffers, as most of the government's money that is dedicated to improving infrastructure goes to paying for the new necessities in areas further out from the urban core. As a result, the government will often forego maintenance on previously built infrastructure.
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tend to increase, which in turn increases the deficit of upper levels of government. Suburbanization often resulted in lower tax revenues for cities, leading to a reduction in the quality of public services due to the exodus of wealthier populations.
705:
near
Toronto, Canada with a suburban industry area in the background. Note the office buildings are far apart. Many office buildings in suburban industry areas stand on large green campuses, unlike downtown ones with nearby buildings and very little
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separating metropolitan areas, industrial parks and surrounding suburban residential areas. As this land becomes more economically relevant, the value of such properties very often increases, causing many undeveloped landowners to sell their land.
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In many
Eastern European countries, cities have the reputation of being dangerous or very expensive areas to live, while the suburbs are often viewed as safer and more conducive to raising a family. There have however, also been periods of
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In the United States, prospective home buyers will often drive farther into the suburbs until they can find an area in which they can afford a home. This concept is colloquially known as "drive until you qualify."
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241:. As a consequence of the movement of households and businesses away from city centers, low-density, peripheral urban areas grow.Proponents of curbing suburbanization argue that sprawl leads to
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Suburbs are often built around certain industries such as restaurants, shopping, and entertainment, which allows suburban residents to travel less and interact more within the suburban area.
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Luthar, Suniya S.; Small, Phillip J.; Ciciolla, Lucia (February 2018). "Adolescents from upper middle class communities: Substance misuse and addiction across early adulthood".
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pressure from the local community due to residential and retail areas being adjacent to industrial spaces in an urban area. Suburban municipalities can offer tax breaks,
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With these longer commutes, it's having a potential effect on their academic performance. I've seen it in the classroom especially with early morning classes.
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Suburban lots are typically larger than urban lots. Thus, bigger lots often mean fewer lots and suburbanization can lead to less dense real estate development.
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Stanilov, K. (Ed.). (2007). The Post-Socialist City. Urban Form and Space Transformations in Central and Eastern Europe after Socialism. Dordrecht: Springer
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Boustan, Leah Platt; Margo, Robert A. (2013). "A Silver Lining to White Flight? White Suburbanization and African-American Homeownership, 1940–1980".
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Krisjane, Z.; Berzins, M. (2012). "Post-socialist Urban Trends: New Patterns and Motivations for Migration in the Suburban Areas of Rīga, Latvia".
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Boustan, Margo. "WHITE SUBURBANIZATION AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN HOME OWNERSHIP,1940–1980". National Bureau of Economic Research January 2011 18
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The economic impacts of suburbanization have become very evident since the trend began in the 1950s. Changes in infrastructure, industry,
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Hirt, S. A. (2012). Iron Curtains: Gates, Suburbs and Privatization of Space in the Post-Socialist City Pondicherry: Wiley-Blackwell
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unit. Throughout the years, the desire to separate work life and home life has grown, causing an increase in suburban populations.
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Suburban areas also offer more land to use as a buffer between industrial areas and residential and retail spaces. This may avoid
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Hirt, S.; Petrovic, M. (2011). "The Belgrade wall: The proliferation of gated housing in the Serbian capital after socialism".
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Burchell, Downs, McCann, Mukherji. (2005) "Sprawl Costs: Economic Impacts of Unchecked Development" London, Island Press.
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found that the upper middle class suburban cohorts displayed an increased drug use when compared to the natural average.
563:
535:
1824:
White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming to See Correspondences through Work in Women's Studies
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Kahrik, A.; Tammaru, T. (2008). "Population composition in new suburban settlements of the Tallinn metropolitan area".
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Tsenkova, S. (2009). Housing Policy Reforms in Post-Socialist Europe: Lost in Transition. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag
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1248:"Is happiness a home in the suburbs?: The influence of urban versus suburban neighborhoods on psychological health"
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Long-suppressed urbanization and a dramatic housing backlog resulted in extensive peri-urban growth in Tirana (
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Oliveira, N. Dos Santos (1996). "Favelas and Ghettos: Race and Class in Rio de Janeiro and New York City".
650:, disorganization, and psychological problems, while living in the suburbs was supposed to overall improve
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Massey, Douglas S.; Denton, Nancy A. (1988). "Suburbanization and Segregation in US Metropolitan Areas".
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Various degrees of informality characterized suburban housing from illegal occupation of public land (
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Suburbanization can be a progressive process, as growing population pushes outward the zones of the
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1860:"Rethinking Environmental Racism: White Privilege and Urban Development in Southern California"
519:, have enabled more people to work from home rather than commuting. Increased connectivity and
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Soule, David. (2006) "Urban Sprawl: A Comprehensive Reference Guide" London, Greenwood Press.
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1648:"Long commutes to Vancouver colleges lead to brain drain as students leave | CBC News"
1433:"The increase in heroin users coming to the hospital reflects current trends in drug abuse"
1408:"The increase in heroin users coming to the hospital reflects current trends in drug abuse"
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as farmland in the 18th century, with boats carrying produce across the East River. The
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The days of industry dominating the urban cores of cities are diminishing as population
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1459:"Contextual factors in substance use: A study of suburban and inner-city adolescents"
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that move outward to escape the increasing density of inward areas. For example,
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1665:. Plater-Zyberk, Elizabeth, Speck, Jeff (10th anniversary ed.). New York.
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Suburban nation : the rise of sprawl and the decline of the American Dream
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929:, Juliet F. Gainsborough, Urban Affairs Review, vol. 37, no. 5 (2002): 728–744.
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Places of Their Own: African American Suburbanization in the Twentieth Century
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http://southernspaces.org/2006/african-american-suburban-development-atlanta
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10.1002/1520-6629(199210)20:4<353::aid-jcop2290200409>3.0.co;2-z
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Murray, P.; Szelenyi, I. (1984). "The city in the transition to socialism".
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increasingly important in the planning and revitalization of modern cities.
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Historically, it was believed that living in highly urban areas resulted in
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Wiese, Andrew. (2006) "African American Suburban Development in Atlanta"
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In the early 21st century, the spread of communication services, such as
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527:, have improved the ability for suburban residents to work from home.
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1620:
Kahn, Matthew E (2000). "The Environmental Impact of Suburbanization".
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Anthony Downs; Barbara McCann; Sahan Mukherji; Robert Burchell (2005).
1561:
Anthony Downs; Barbara McCann; Sahan Mukherji; Robert Burchell (2005).
1546:
Anthony Downs; Barbara McCann; Sahan Mukherji; Robert Burchell (2005).
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1966:
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1071:"Romanian suburban housing: home improvement through owner-building"
574:, which arise out of clusters of office buildings built in suburban
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1971:
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10.1002/1520-6688(200023)19:4<569::aid-pam3>3.3.co;2-g
927:"Slow Growth and Urban Sprawl: Support for a New Regional Agenda?"
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551:
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1307:"Rates of Drug Use: Urban, Suburban, & Rural | Sunrise House"
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Department of Geography at the University of Southern California
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1332:"New Face of Heroin Is Young, White and Suburban, Study Finds"
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Crabgrass frontier: The suburbanization of the United States
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Building Suburbia: Green Fields and Urban Growth, 1820–2000
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to build new structures and lack of incentives to build on
629:) to the unauthorized but later legalized developments in
1902:
1508:
Local Sustainable Urban Development in a Globalized World
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Sprawl Costs: Economic Impacts of Unchecked Development
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Sprawl Costs: Economic Impacts of Unchecked Development
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Sprawl Costs: Economic Impacts of Unchecked Development
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Population shift from central urban areas into suburbs
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and a concentration of lower-income residents in the
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International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
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International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
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of office-based work, especially in response to the
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1506:Opp, Susan M.; Herberle, Lauren (June 28, 2008).
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1718:Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise and Fall of Suburbia
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1007:
796:, author of 2017 college transportation survey
785:
1826:. Wellesley, MA: Center for Research on Women.
792:—Mike Smith-Cairns, a geography instructor at
1918:
1533:Urban Sprawl: A Comprehensive Reference Guide
485:View of a housing development near a farm in
75:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1833:"The Causes of Metropolitan Suburbanization"
1831:Mieszkowski, Peter; Mills, Edwin S. (1993).
1282:"The Suburbs That Are Sicker Than They Look"
237:. Most suburbs are built in a formation of
206:), showing a mix of residential streets and
1457:LUTHAR, SUNIYA S.; D'AVANZO, KAREN (1999).
340:Learn how and when to remove these messages
55:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1925:
1911:
1903:
1693:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1535:. London: Greenwood Press. pp. 88–89.
431:. Please do not remove this message until
1848:
1622:Journal of Policy Analysis and Management
1482:
1097:
469:Learn how and when to remove this message
451:Learn how and when to remove this message
390:Learn how and when to remove this message
178:Learn how and when to remove this message
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
427:Relevant discussion may be found on the
189:
872:
530:Similarly, the rise of modern delivery
1686:
1016:Demographic Trends in the 20th Century
249:, in addition to environmental harm.
1786:Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
7:
1661:Andres, Duany (September 14, 2010).
498:Post–World War II economic expansion
2269:Technical aspects of urban planning
1725:Edge City: Life on the New Frontier
665:New England Study of Suburban Youth
1042:10.1111/j.1468-2427.1984.tb00415.x
940:"The growth of suburbia (article)"
602:Post-socialist suburbanization in
362:tone or style may not reflect the
284:spread through the county, and as
14:
1510:. Florence, Kentucky: Routledge.
321:This section has multiple issues.
36:This article has multiple issues.
2582:
2039:Cities with the most skyscrapers
1837:Journal of Economic Perspectives
1153:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2011.01056.x
804:
406:
372:guide to writing better articles
351:
310:
288:further extended its reach, the
210:intersected by a four-lane road.
129:
66:
25:
2520:Sustainable Development Goal 11
2401:Most populous national capitals
1580:. Island Press. pp. 80–81.
1565:. Island Press. pp. 71–72.
1463:Development and Psychopathology
1358:Development and Psychopathology
1252:Journal of Community Psychology
777:electricity used by residents.
543:industrial land for profitable
329:or discuss these issues on the
44:or discuss these issues on the
2406:Most populous satellite cities
970:Journal of Planning Literature
728:Consequences on infrastructure
625:on agricultural private land (
229:), is a population shift from
198:pattern in the United States (
1:
2396:Most densely populated cities
1795:American Journal of Sociology
1236:209–233). Dordrecht: Springer
964:Forsyth, Ann (June 5, 2012).
737:Real estate development costs
1858:Pulido, Laura (March 2000).
564:City of Industry, California
1876:Latin American Perspectives
1550:. Island Press. p. 63.
433:conditions to do so are met
142:to comply with Knowledge's
89:, discuss the issue on the
2635:
2264:Theories of urban planning
1888:10.1177/0094582x9602300406
1594:Journal of Urban Economics
1246:Adams, Richard E. (1992).
906:. Routledge. p. 642.
678:
2578:
2259:History of urban planning
2164:Central business district
1607:10.1016/j.jue.2013.08.001
1475:10.1017/s0954579499002357
1370:10.1017/S0954579417000645
1014:US Census Bureau (2002).
758:Effect on urban diversity
1822:McIntosh, Peggy (1988).
1730:Hayden, Delores. (2004)
1716:Fishman, Robert. (1987)
1215:10.1177/0042098011402232
1180:10.1177/0042098008089853
1090:10.1177/0042098012471980
982:10.1177/0885412212448101
904:Encyclopedia of the City
694:Impact on urban industry
155:may contain suggestions.
140:may need to be rewritten
2510:Million Tree Initiative
1749:Oxford University Press
1727:New York: Anchor Books.
687:real estate development
2495:Ecological engineering
2384:World's largest cities
2356:Cycling infrastructure
2241:Peri-urban agriculture
1782:Wiese, Andrew. (2005)
1723:Garreau, Joel. (1992)
1720:New York: Basic Books.
1069:Soaita, A. M. (2013).
789:
707:
607:
494:
258:Kings County, New York
211:
2535:Urban forest inequity
2326:Multiple nuclei model
2316:Concentric zone model
2301:Mixed-use development
2169:Most expensive cities
2154:World's cities by GDP
1531:Soule, David (2006).
902:Caves, R. W. (2004).
883:. National geographic
767:Environmental impacts
701:
637:Psychological effects
601:
515:, and practical home
484:
254:concentric zone model
193:
2525:Sustainable urbanism
2500:Green infrastructure
623:illegal construction
487:Richfield, Minnesota
233:or rural areas into
231:historic core cities
95:create a new article
87:improve this article
77:may not represent a
2565:Urban reforestation
2179:Most livable cities
1850:10.1257/jep.7.3.135
1739:Jackson, Kenneth T.
1270:on January 5, 2013.
852:Counterurbanization
420:of this section is
2464:Urban homesteading
2389:throughout history
1734:New York, Vintage.
1174:(5/6): 1055–1078.
966:"Defining Suburbs"
816:. You can help by
708:
608:
560:specialized zoning
517:video conferencing
495:
212:
2596:
2595:
2589:Cities portal
2550:Urban heat island
2459:Urban exploration
2331:Linear settlement
2279:Public open space
2114:direct-controlled
2064:Abandoned village
2019:Metropolitan area
1437:Modern Healthcare
1412:Modern Healthcare
1084:(10): 2084–2101.
834:
833:
525:COVID-19 pandemic
479:
478:
471:
461:
460:
453:
400:
399:
392:
366:used on Knowledge
364:encyclopedic tone
344:
286:elevated railways
282:Streetcar suburbs
239:(sub)urban sprawl
188:
187:
180:
170:
169:
144:quality standards
123:
122:
115:
97:, as appropriate.
59:
2626:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2570:Zero-carbon city
2515:Sustainable city
2469:Unitary urbanism
2439:Urban morphology
2376:Urban population
2346:Bicycle-friendly
2121:Independent city
2096:Urban government
2054:Shrinking cities
1927:
1920:
1913:
1904:
1899:
1870:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1827:
1818:
1775:Southern Spaces.
1770:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1684:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1486:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1266:. Archived from
1243:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1101:
1075:
1066:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1025:
1019:
1011:
1002:
1001:
961:
955:
954:
952:
950:
936:
930:
924:
918:
917:
899:
893:
892:
890:
888:
877:
857:Transport divide
829:
826:
808:
801:
797:
774:land consumption
712:decentralization
675:Economic impacts
648:social isolation
642:Social isolation
604:Pitești, Romania
576:commercial areas
474:
467:
456:
449:
445:
442:
436:
410:
409:
402:
395:
388:
384:
381:
375:
374:for suggestions.
370:See Knowledge's
355:
354:
347:
336:
314:
313:
306:
290:City of Brooklyn
270:Brooklyn Heights
221:), also spelled
219:American English
200:Colorado Springs
183:
176:
165:
162:
156:
133:
125:
118:
111:
107:
104:
98:
70:
69:
62:
51:
29:
28:
21:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2583:
2581:
2574:
2473:
2449:Urban sociology
2410:
2370:
2361:Pedestrian zone
2245:
2174:Cheapest cities
2146:Urban economics
2140:
2131:Autonomous city
2090:
2049:Suburbanization
1942:Urban geography
1936:
1931:
1873:
1862:
1857:
1830:
1821:
1792:
1759:
1737:
1702:
1685:
1673:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1230:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1005:
963:
962:
958:
948:
946:
938:
937:
933:
925:
921:
914:
901:
900:
896:
886:
884:
879:
878:
874:
865:
843:
830:
824:
821:
814:needs expansion
799:
794:Langara College
791:
783:
769:
760:
751:
739:
730:
717:Brownfield land
696:
683:
677:
660:
644:
639:
584:
554:sentiments and
547:redevelopment.
536:postal services
475:
464:
463:
462:
457:
446:
440:
437:
426:
411:
407:
396:
385:
379:
376:
369:
360:This section's
356:
352:
315:
311:
304:
299:
227:British English
223:suburbanisation
215:Suburbanization
184:
173:
172:
171:
166:
160:
157:
147:
134:
119:
108:
102:
99:
84:
71:
67:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2632:
2630:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2609:Urban planning
2601:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2545:Urban forestry
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2505:Green urbanism
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2485:Climate change
2481:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2380:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2276:
2274:Urban planners
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2251:Urban planning
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2231:Municipal bond
2228:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2009:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1987:Satellite city
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1871:
1855:
1828:
1819:
1807:10.1086/229031
1801:(3): 592–626.
1790:
1787:
1780:
1771:
1757:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1701:
1700:
1671:
1653:
1639:
1628:(4): 569–586.
1612:
1583:
1568:
1553:
1538:
1523:
1517:978-0754649946
1516:
1498:
1469:(4): 845–867.
1449:
1424:
1399:
1364:(1): 315–335.
1348:
1323:
1298:
1273:
1258:(4): 353–372.
1238:
1228:
1209:(2): 289–306.
1193:
1158:
1147:(4): 753–777.
1131:
1122:
1113:
1056:
1047:
1036:(10): 90–107.
1020:
1003:
976:(3): 270–281.
956:
931:
919:
912:
894:
871:
864:
861:
860:
859:
854:
849:
842:
839:
832:
831:
811:
809:
784:
782:
781:Social impacts
779:
768:
765:
759:
756:
750:
747:
738:
735:
729:
726:
695:
692:
681:Car dependency
676:
673:
659:
656:
643:
640:
638:
635:
583:
582:Eastern Europe
580:
556:gentrification
489:, a suburb of
477:
476:
459:
458:
414:
412:
405:
398:
397:
359:
357:
350:
345:
319:
318:
316:
309:
303:
300:
298:
295:
186:
185:
168:
167:
137:
135:
128:
121:
120:
81:of the subject
79:worldwide view
74:
72:
65:
60:
34:
33:
31:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2631:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2591:
2590:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2560:Urban prairie
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2530:Urban ecology
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:Anti-urbanism
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2444:Urban culture
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:Urban studies
2432:
2430:
2429:Urban warfare
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2226:Urban renewal
2224:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:Commuter town
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1843:(3): 135–47.
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1758:0-19-504983-7
1754:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1696:
1690:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1672:9780865477506
1668:
1664:
1657:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1587:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1527:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1349:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1312:
1311:Sunrise House
1308:
1302:
1299:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:Urban Studies
1197:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1168:Urban Studies
1162:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:Urban Studies
1072:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
960:
957:
945:
941:
935:
932:
928:
923:
920:
915:
913:9780415252256
909:
905:
898:
895:
882:
881:"Urban Areas"
876:
873:
870:
869:
862:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
844:
840:
838:
828:
819:
815:
812:This section
810:
807:
803:
802:
798:
795:
788:
780:
778:
775:
766:
764:
757:
755:
749:Fiscal impact
748:
746:
743:
736:
734:
727:
725:
722:
718:
713:
704:
700:
693:
691:
688:
682:
674:
672:
668:
666:
657:
655:
653:
649:
641:
636:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
613:
605:
600:
596:
592:
590:
581:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
502:
499:
492:
488:
483:
473:
470:
455:
452:
444:
434:
430:
424:
423:
419:
413:
404:
403:
394:
391:
383:
373:
367:
365:
358:
349:
348:
343:
341:
334:
333:
328:
327:
322:
317:
308:
307:
302:United States
301:
296:
294:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:commuter town
271:
267:
263:
262:New York City
259:
255:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
182:
179:
164:
154:
150:
145:
141:
138:This article
136:
132:
127:
126:
117:
114:
106:
103:December 2009
96:
92:
88:
82:
80:
73:
64:
63:
58:
56:
49:
48:
43:
42:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
2619:Urbanization
2580:
2540:Urban forest
2424:New Urbanism
2321:Sector model
2306:Urban design
2194:Modern ruins
2136:Capital city
2109:Municipality
2086:College town
2048:
2044:Urbanization
1882:(4): 71–89.
1879:
1875:
1866:
1840:
1836:
1823:
1798:
1794:
1783:
1774:
1747:. New York:
1742:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1705:Bibliography
1704:
1703:
1662:
1656:
1642:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1577:
1571:
1562:
1556:
1547:
1541:
1532:
1526:
1507:
1501:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1436:
1427:
1415:. Retrieved
1411:
1402:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1339:. Retrieved
1335:
1326:
1314:. Retrieved
1310:
1301:
1289:. Retrieved
1285:
1276:
1268:the original
1255:
1251:
1241:
1231:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1125:
1116:
1081:
1077:
1050:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1015:
973:
969:
959:
947:. Retrieved
944:Khan Academy
943:
934:
922:
903:
897:
887:December 22,
885:. Retrieved
875:
867:
866:
847:Urbanization
835:
822:
818:adding to it
813:
790:
786:
770:
761:
752:
744:
740:
731:
721:buffer zones
709:
684:
669:
664:
661:
645:
616:
609:
593:
589:urbanization
585:
549:
529:
521:digitization
506:
503:
496:
465:
447:
438:
416:
386:
377:
361:
337:
330:
324:
323:Please help
320:
293:same cycle.
251:
222:
214:
213:
174:
158:
149:You can help
139:
109:
100:
76:
52:
45:
39:
38:Please help
35:
18:
2614:Urban decay
2478:Environment
2366:Walkability
2351:Cyclability
2284:Green space
2236:Habitat III
2204:Shanty town
2184:Urban decay
2159:Global city
2104:City status
2081:Closed city
2034:Megalopolis
2014:Conurbation
2002:City proper
1982:Twin cities
1955:City centre
949:November 2,
703:401 highway
568:edge cities
491:Minneapolis
441:August 2022
380:August 2022
278:Wall Street
268:later made
266:steam ferry
243:urban decay
208:cul-de-sacs
194:A suburban
2603:Categories
2555:Urban park
2490:Eco-cities
2341:Smart city
2291:Urban wild
2199:No-go area
2126:City-state
2059:Ghost town
2024:Metropolis
1950:Urban area
1099:10023/4419
863:References
825:April 2018
679:See also:
658:Drug abuse
545:brownfield
418:neutrality
326:improve it
247:inner city
41:improve it
2311:Grid plan
2219:Squatting
2076:Tent city
2071:Lost city
1992:Edge city
1977:Core city
1896:220894566
1815:144152483
1689:cite book
1681:555656296
1601:: 71–80.
1417:March 27,
1394:206291811
1378:1469-2198
1341:March 27,
1316:March 27,
1291:March 27,
1223:154985201
1188:153928114
1108:154324666
998:201701916
990:0885-4122
706:greenery.
652:happiness
532:logistics
509:broadband
429:talk page
332:talk page
153:talk page
91:talk page
47:talk page
2416:Urbanism
2336:Land use
2209:Skid row
2029:Megacity
1960:Downtown
1767:11785435
1741:(1985).
1493:10624729
1442:April 5,
1386:28558858
1336:NBC News
841:See also
627:Belgrade
422:disputed
204:Colorado
196:land use
161:May 2015
85:You may
1484:3535189
1286:CityLab
631:Romania
612:Albania
540:courier
493:, 1954.
297:History
260:served
235:suburbs
2296:Zoning
2189:Ghetto
2007:limits
1967:Suburb
1934:Cities
1894:
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988:
910:
619:Tirana
572:exurbs
513:e-mail
151:. The
1972:Exurb
1892:S2CID
1863:(PDF)
1811:S2CID
1390:S2CID
1219:S2CID
1184:S2CID
1104:S2CID
1074:(PDF)
994:S2CID
868:Notes
552:NIMBY
93:, or
2214:Slum
1763:OCLC
1753:ISBN
1695:link
1677:OCLC
1667:ISBN
1512:ISBN
1489:PMID
1444:2018
1419:2018
1382:PMID
1374:ISSN
1343:2018
1318:2018
1293:2018
986:ISSN
951:2022
908:ISBN
889:2023
570:and
415:The
276:for
1884:doi
1845:doi
1803:doi
1630:doi
1603:doi
1479:PMC
1471:doi
1366:doi
1260:doi
1211:doi
1176:doi
1149:doi
1094:hdl
1086:doi
1038:doi
978:doi
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