582:
869:
845:
52:
3549:
925:(SPF) rating based on the sunblock's ability to suppress sunburn: The higher the SPF rating, the lower the amount of direct DNA damage. The stated protection factors are correct only if 2 mg of sunscreen is applied per square cm of exposed skin translates into about 28 mL (1 oz) to cover the whole body of an adult male. The recommended dose is much more than many people use in practice. Sunscreens function as chemicals such as
3532:
3481:
909:. Sunlight is generally strongest when the Sun is close to the highest point in the sky. Due to time zones and daylight saving time, this is not necessarily at 12 pm, but often one to two hours later. Seeking shade using umbrellas and canopies can reduce UV exposure, but does not block all UV rays. The WHO recommends following the shadow rule: "Watch your shadow – Short shadow, seek shade!"
332:
3515:
228:
678:
1076:(Vitamin A) supplementation had a protective effect against sunburn. The effects of beta carotene were only evident in the long-term, with studies of supplementation for periods less than ten weeks in duration failing to show any effects. There is also evidence that common foods may have some protective ability against sunburn if taken for a period before exposure.
3498:
857:
941:(inorganic sunscreens) that mainly absorb UV radiation. Chemical and mineral sunscreens vary in the wavelengths of UV radiation blocked. Broad-spectrum sunscreens contain filters that protect against UVA radiation as well as UVB. Although UVA radiation does not primarily cause sunburn, it contributes to
1107:
The WHO recommends that artificial UV exposure, including tanning beds, should be avoided as no safe dose has been established. Special protective clothing (for example, welding helmets/shields) should be worn when exposed to any artificial source of occupational UV. Such sources can produce UVC, an
694:
The differential diagnosis of sunburn includes other skin pathology induced by UV radiation, including photoallergic reactions, phototoxic reactions to topical or systemic medications, and other dermatologic disorders that are aggravated by exposure to sunlight. Considerations for diagnosis include
635:
In recent decades, the incidence and severity of sunburn have increased worldwide, partly because of chemical damage to the atmosphere's ozone layer. Between the 1970s and the 2000s, average stratospheric ozone decreased by approximately 4%, contributing an approximate 4% increase to the average UV
759:
Photoallergic reactions: Uncommon immunological response to sunlight interacting with certain drugs and chemicals in the skin. When in an excited state by UVR, these drugs and chemicals form free radicals that react to form functional antigens and induce a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction. These
302:
After sun exposure, the skin may turn red in as little as 30 minutes, but sunburn usually takes 2 to 6 hours. Pain is usually strongest 6 to 48 hours after exposure. The burn continues to develop for 1 to 3 days, occasionally followed by peeling skin after 3 to 8 days. Some peeling and itching may
972:
Research has shown that the best sunscreen protection is achieved by application 15 to 30 minutes before exposure, followed by one reapplication 15 to 30 minutes after exposure begins. Further reapplication is necessary after activities such as swimming, sweating, and rubbing. Recommendations are
446:
determines the ease of sunburn. People with lighter skin tones and limited capacity to develop a tan after UV radiation exposure have a greater risk of sunburn. Fitzpatrick's Skin phototypes classification describes the normal variations of skin responses to UV radiation. Persons with type I skin
609:
between 23.5° and 66.5°, UV radiation varies substantially by latitude and season. The higher the latitude, the lower the intensity of the UV rays. Sun intensity in the northern hemisphere is greatest during May, June and July—and in the southern hemisphere, November, December and
January. On a
1089:
Infants 0–6 months: Children under 6mo generally have skin too sensitive for sunscreen and protective measures should focus on avoiding excessive UV exposure by using window mesh covers, wide-brim hats, loose clothing that covers the skin, and reducing UV exposure between the hours of 10am and
626:
The skin and eyes are most sensitive to damage by UV at 265–275 nm wavelength, which is in the lower UVC band that is rarely encountered except from artificial sources like welding arcs. Longer wavelengths of UV radiation cause most sunburn because those wavelengths are more prevalent in
1097:
Toddlers and
Preschool-aged children: Apply a broad-spectrum, water-resistant SPF 30+ sunscreen to exposed areas, use wide-brim hats and sunglasses, avoid peak UV intensity hours of 10 am - 4 pm and seek shade. Sun-protective clothing with an SPF rating can also provide additional
618:. Height is measured parallel to the Earth's gravitational field and the projected shadow is measured on a flat, level surface. For objects wider than skulls or poles, the height and length are best measured relative to the same occluding edge. The most significant risk is at
879:
The most effective way to prevent sunburn is to reduce the amount of UV radiation reaching the skin. The World Health
Organization, American Academy of Dermatology, and Skin Cancer Foundation recommend the following measures to prevent excessive UV exposure and skin cancer:
576:
Proximity to the equator (latitude). Between the polar and tropical regions, the closer to the equator, the more direct sunlight passes through the atmosphere over a year. For example, the southern United States gets fifty percent more sunlight than the northern United
323:. Of greatest concern is that the melanoma risk increases dose-dependently proportional to the number of a person's lifetime cumulative episodes of sunburn. An estimated 1/3 of melanomas in the United States and Australia could be prevented with regular sunscreen use.
1670:
852:) is the product of the sunlight spectrum at the Earth's surface (radiation intensity) and the erythemal action spectrum (skin sensitivity). Long-wavelength UV is more prevalent, but each milliwatt at 295 nm produces almost 100 times more sunburn than at 315 nm.
1084:
Babies and children are particularly susceptible to UV damage which increases their risk of both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers later in life. Children should not sunburn at any age, and protective measures can reduce their future risk of skin cancer.
1051:
The skin of the feet is often tender and protected, so sudden prolonged exposure to UV radiation can be particularly painful and damaging to the top of the foot. Protective measures include sunscreen, socks, or swimwear that covers the foot.
3597:
3582:
298:
Sunburn can occur in less than 15 minutes in response to sun exposure and in seconds when exposed to non-shielded welding arcs or other sources of intense ultraviolet light. Nevertheless, the inflicted harm is often not immediately obvious.
289:
Minor sunburns typically cause nothing more than slight redness and tenderness to the affected areas. In more serious cases, blistering can occur. Extreme sunburns can be painful to the point of debilitation and may require hospital care.
1093:
Infants 6–12 months: Sunscreen can safely be used on infants this age. It is recommended to apply a broad-spectrum, water-resistant SPF 30+ sunscreen to exposed areas and avoid excessive UV exposure by using wide-brim hats and protective
651:, which naturally develop in some individuals as a protective mechanism against the sun, are viewed by most in the Western world as desirable. Tanning has led to an increased exposure to UV radiation from both the natural sun and
699:
Phototoxic reactions: Non-immunological response to sunlight interacting with certain drugs and chemicals in the skin which resembles an exaggerated sunburn. Common medications that may cause a phototoxic reaction include
622:
when shadows are at their minimum, and the Sun's radiation passes most directly through the atmosphere. Regardless of one's latitude (assuming no other variables), equal shadow lengths mean equal amounts of UV radiation.
1634:
1227:
to sunburned areas was supported by multiple studies. However, others have found aloe vera to have no effect. Note that aloe vera cannot protect people from new or further sunburn. Another home treatment is using a
973:
product dependent varying from 80 minutes in water to hours based on the indications and protection shown on the label. The
American Academy of Dermatology recommends the following criteria in selecting a sunscreen:
392:
Melanin readily absorbs UV wavelength light, acting as a photoprotectant. By preventing UV photons from disrupting chemical bonds, melanin inhibits both the direct alteration of DNA, as well as the generation of
2406:
124:
Avoiding further exposure to the sun. Cool, frequent baths or showers for pain relief. Anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen or aspirin can also help with pain. Drinking water to stay hydrated.
572:
Altitude. At a higher altitude, it is easier to become burnt, because there is less of the Earth's atmosphere to block the sunlight. UV exposure increases about 4% for every 1000 ft (305 m) gain in
508:, increase a person's susceptibility to sunburn and subsequent skin cancers. These conditions involve defects in DNA repair mechanisms which decrease the ability to repair DNA damaged by UV radiation.
1758:
780:, sulfonamides, and sulfonylureas. Unlike phototoxic reactions which resemble exaggerated sunburns, photoallergic reactions can cause intense itching and can lead to thickening of the skin.
1064:, including essential vitamins, are effective in protecting against sunburn and skin damage associated with ultraviolet radiation, in both human and animal studies. Supplementation with
1988:
277:). Also, heat is produced from capillaries close to the skin surface, therefore the affected area feels warm to touch. Sunburns may be classified as superficial or partial-thickness
2147:
2769:
3708:
2924:
Eberlein-König B, Placzek M, Przybilla B (January 1998). "Protective effect against sunburn of combined systemic ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and d-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E)".
2380:
1410:
Dusza, Stephen W.; Halpern, Allan C.; Satagopan, Jaya M.; Oliveria, Susan A.; Weinstock, Martin A.; Scope, Alon; Berwick, Marianne; Geller, Alan C. (February 2012).
1880:
836:
and the prodromic stage of acute radiation syndrome like nausea, vomiting, fever, weakness/fatigue, dizziness or seizure can add to further diagnostic confusion.
3987:
1564:
3338:
Maenthaisong R, Chaiyakunapruk N, Niruntraporn S, Kongkaew C (September 2007). "The efficacy of aloe vera used for burn wound healing: a systematic review".
2402:
2093:
238:
Typically, there is initial redness, followed by varying degrees of pain, the severity of which correlates with the duration and intensity of sun exposure.
1072:
was shown in one study to reduce the amount of sunburn after a controlled amount of UV exposure. A review of scientific literature through 2007 found that
4049:
2499:
1909:
563:
Cloud cover. Clouds partially block UV, but even on an overcast day, a significant percentage of the sun's damaging UV radiation can pass through clouds.
2469:
3701:
3277:
3168:
1475:
790:
Polymorphic light eruption: Recurrent abnormal reactions to UVR present in various ways, including pink-to-red bumps, blisters, plaques and urticaria.
1752:
2070:
Clear skies allow virtually 100% of UV to pass through, scattered clouds transmit 89%, broken clouds transmit 73%, and overcast skies transmit 31%.
796:
Other skin diseases exacerbated by sunlight: Several dermatologic conditions can increase in severity with exposure to UVR. These include systemic
1931:
Kraemer KH, DiGiovanna JJ (1993). "Xeroderma
Pigmentosum". In Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A (eds.).
1236:. Furthermore, sunburn draws fluid to the skin's surface and away from the rest of the body. Drinking extra water is recommended to help prevent
4261:
3130:
2284:
1980:
3310:
3234:
2326:
1847:
1181:
3694:
3190:
3108:
589:
Because of variations in the intensity of UV radiation passing through the atmosphere, the risk of sunburn increases with proximity to the
566:
Proximity to reflective surfaces, such as water, sand, concrete, snow, and ice. All of these reflect the sun's rays and can cause sunburns.
219:. Special populations, including children, are especially susceptible to sunburn and protective measures should be used to prevent damage.
2791:
Glazer-Hockstein C, Dunaief JL (January 2006). "Could blue light-blocking lenses decrease the risk of age-related macular degeneration?".
2140:
1223:
A home treatment that may help the discomfort is using cool and wet cloths on the sunburned areas. Applying soothing lotions that contain
3316:
3240:
1324:
1108:
extremely carcinogenic wavelength of UV, which ordinarily is not present in normal sunlight, having been filtered out by the atmosphere.
3949:
3469:
2761:
1298:
1117:
610:
minute-by-minute basis, the amount of UV radiation depends on the Sun's angle. Ultraviolet radiation is easily determined by the height
436:) activation from 109 °F (43 °C) to 85 °F (29 °C). The pain may be caused by the overproduction of a protein called
3008:
Stahl W, Sies H (September 2007). "Carotenoids and flavonoids contribute to nutritional protection against skin damage from sunlight".
374:
3980:
1967:
1692:
Premi, Sanjay; Han, Lynn; Mehta, Sameet; Knight, James; Zhao, Dejian; Palmatier, Meg A.; Kornacker, Karl; Brash, Douglas E. (2019).
695:
duration and intensity of UV exposure, topical or systemic medication use, history of dermatologic disease, and nutritional status.
501:
Age also affects how skin reacts to the sun. Children younger than six and adults older than sixty are more sensitive to sunlight.
385:. The damage is recognized by the body, which then triggers several defense mechanisms, including DNA repair to revert the damage,
1060:
Dietary factors influence susceptibility to sunburn, recovery from sunburn, and risk of secondary complications. Several dietary
983:
Water resistant: sunscreens are classified as water resistant based on time, either 40 minutes, 80 minutes, or not water resistant
3817:
2376:
2354:
2262:
447:
have the greatest capacity to sunburn, and type VI have the least capacity to burn. However, all skin types can develop sunburn.
2021:
3273:
1213:
1124:
669:
have recommended avoiding artificial UV sources such as tanning beds. Suntans are not recommended as a form of sun protection.
1220:
cream (a local anesthetic) is often used as a sunburn treatment, there is little evidence for the effectiveness of such use.
783:
Phytophotodermatitis: UV radiation induces skin inflammation after contact with certain plants (including limes, celery, and
1780:
Dawes JM, Calvo M, Perkins JR, Paterson KJ, Kiesewetter H, Hobbs C, Kaan TK, Orengo C, Bennett DL, McMahon SB (July 2011).
581:
3939:
4001:
3973:
3758:
2521:
Faurschou A, Wulf HC (April 2007). "The relation between sun protection factor and amount of suncreen applied in vivo".
1946:
1145:
640:
and the seasonal "ozone hole" have led to much larger changes in some locations, especially in the southern hemisphere.
3375:"Aloin Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis by Inhibiting the Activation of NF-κB"
1872:
1039:(cheilitis) by sun exposure. Sunscreen on the lips does not have a pleasant taste and might be removed by saliva. Some
3827:
3822:
3753:
2439:
2057:
2683:
Norval M, Wulf HC (October 2009). "Does chronic sunscreen use reduce vitamin D production to insufficient levels?".
3849:
2232:
1561:
793:
Solar urticaria: A rare allergic reaction to the sun that occurs within minutes of exposure and fades within hours.
3954:
3896:
3454:
2082:
2017:
1317:
1291:
890:
Wearing sun-protective clothing, including a wide-brim hat, sunglasses, and tightly woven, loose-fitting clothing
389:
and peeling to remove irreparably damaged skin cells, and increased melanin production to prevent future damage.
556:
The time of day. In most locations, the sun's rays are strongest between approximately 10 am and 4 pm
4161:
3965:
3763:
3612:
3555:
828:
or other radiation-induced illnesses, especially in sunny conditions. For instance, the difference between the
825:
31:
2491:
1905:
2461:
1004:
that block UV light reduce harmful radiation. UV light has been implicated in the development of age-related
4223:
3933:
3901:
1170:
1009:
953:
320:
212:
114:
76:
3269:
3160:
2640:
Kütting B, Drexler H (December 2010). "UV-induced skin cancer at workplace and evidence-based prevention".
1467:
569:
The season of the year. The Sun's position in late spring and early summer can cause a more-severe sunburn.
4105:
4044:
3790:
1572:
666:
3926:
2118:
922:
656:
505:
450:
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4130:
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3921:
3743:
3138:
2292:
1705:
1005:
961:
957:
585:
Erythemal dose rate at three
Northern latitudes. (Divide by 25 to obtain the UV Index.) Source: NOAA.
557:
316:
3521:
1177:) with loose clothing when going outside to prevent further damage while not irritating the sunburn.
659:(SPF) of 3, meaning that tanned skin would tolerate up to three times the UV exposure as pale skin.
432:. These chemical compounds increase sensitivity to heat by reducing the threshold of heat receptor (
413:
than the average site These sensitive sites often occur at biologically significant locations near
4090:
4080:
3775:
3601:
2177:"Indoor tanning-related injuries treated in a national sample of US hospital emergency departments"
797:
394:
1120:. The best treatment for most sunburns is time; most sunburns heal completely within a few weeks.
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3033:
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274:
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1938:
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1843:
1811:
1733:
1654:
1615:
1536:
1518:
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1431:
1384:
1321:
860:
Skin peeling on the upper arm as a result of sunburn – the destruction of lower layers of the
805:
765:
443:
382:
378:
354:
189:
98:
64:
51:
3504:
1295:
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3017:
2972:
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2612:
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2196:
2188:
1801:
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1713:
1646:
1605:
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1526:
1510:
1439:
1423:
1374:
868:
410:
311:
Ultraviolet radiation causes sunburns and increases the risk of three types of skin cancer:
177:, swelling, itching, and nausea. Excessive UV radiation is the leading cause of (primarily)
1331:
IARC Monographs on the
Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volume 55, November 1997
844:
832:
caused by sunburn and other radiation burns is not immediately obvious. Symptoms common to
593:, located between 23.5° north and south latitude. All else being equal (e.g., cloud cover,
4219:
4125:
3844:
3768:
3748:
3718:
1568:
1328:
1302:
1205:
801:
787:). Causes pain, redness, and blistering of the skin in the distribution of plant exposure.
709:
637:
552:
indicates the risk of sunburn at a given time and location. Contributing factors include:
533:
1586:"Sunburns and risk of cutaneous melanoma: does age matter? A comprehensive meta-analysis"
1584:
Dennis LK, Vanbeek MJ, Beane
Freeman LE, Smith BJ, Dawson DV, Coughlin JA (August 2008).
884:
Limiting sun exposure between the hours of 10 am and 4 pm, when UV rays are the strongest
1709:
4251:
4151:
3780:
3606:
3401:
3374:
3077:
3052:
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993:
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721:
713:
529:
517:
193:
134:
2937:
2350:
2254:
2010:
992:
The eyes are also sensitive to sun exposure at about the same UV wavelengths as skin;
4245:
4181:
2977:
2960:
2804:
2696:
2617:
2600:
2534:
1396:
1073:
821:
537:
525:
409:, and such sites can be up to 170-fold more sensitive to UV induction of cyclobutane
366:
278:
138:
3037:
2994:
2910:
2712:
2669:
2550:
2192:
1666:
1601:
1498:
4189:
4166:
4156:
4146:
3880:
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2163:
A UVB-induced tan provides minimal sun protection, equivalent to an SPF of about 3.
1635:"How many melanomas might be prevented if more people applied sunscreen regularly?"
1548:
1514:
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1135:
1061:
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773:
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602:
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346:(left). One of the possible reactions from the excited state is the formation of a
254:
185:
174:
3373:
Luo, X.; Zhang, H.; Wei, X.; Shi, M.; Fan, P.; Xie, W.; Zhang, Y.; Xu, N. (2018).
2564:
Kanavy HE, Gerstenblith MR (December 2011). "Ultraviolet radiation and melanoma".
1499:"Estimated Cost of Sunburn-Associated Visits to US Hospital Emergency Departments"
3617:
3131:"WHO | Artificial tanning devices: public health interventions to manage sunbeds"
2317:
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J (8 April 2015).
2285:"WHO | Artificial tanning devices: public health interventions to manage sunbeds"
1797:
4227:
4171:
4014:
3885:
3726:
3658:
3424:
Feily A, Namazi MR (February 2009). "Aloe vera in dermatology: a brief review".
3351:
1873:"PHOTOSENSITIVITY, PHOTO-INDUCED DISORDERS, AND DISORDERS BY IONIZING RADIATION"
1633:
Olsen CM, Wilson LF, Green AC, Biswas N, Loyalka J, Whiteman DC (January 2018).
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81:
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1201:
997:
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521:
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861:
729:
677:
606:
386:
208:
201:
166:
110:
94:
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3359:
3086:
3051:
Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012).
3029:
2986:
2902:
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2704:
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2542:
2210:
1942:
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1737:
1658:
1619:
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1453:
1427:
1412:"Prospective Study of Sunburn and Sun Behavior Patterns During Adolescence"
1388:
605:
receives approximately the same amount of UV radiation over a year. In the
3487:
2945:
2049:
875:
of the forearm (visible darkening of the skin) after extended sun exposure
4085:
4054:
3859:
3799:
1254:
1209:
1189:
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1017:
1013:
949:
906:
849:
829:
749:
733:
549:
312:
250:
181:
154:
17:
2377:"Sunburn – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center"
2224:
665:
The World Health
Organization, American Academy of Dermatology, and the
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1193:
1153:
1001:
809:
598:
590:
370:
347:
242:
231:
170:
162:
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1379:
1362:
3586:
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1024:
682:
615:
402:
339:
270:
262:
856:
1287:
1285:
3639:
2726:
Diffey BL (December 2001). "When should sunscreen be reapplied?".
2146:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2014. p. 20.
867:
855:
843:
611:
580:
497:, very unlikely to burn, becomes darker with UV radiation exposure
437:
433:
365:
from the Sun but may also result from artificial sources, such as
330:
266:
246:
1313:
1311:
184:, which in extreme cases can be life-threatening. Sunburn is an
3863:
2037:
Up to 80% of solar UV radiation can penetrate light cloud cover.
414:
258:
158:
142:
3969:
3690:
2642:
International
Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
1497:
Guy, Gery P.; Berkowitz, Zahava; Watson, Meg (1 January 2017).
397:, to prevent them from indirectly damaging DNA. However, human
2053:
1877:
Fitzpatrick's Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology
1840:
Fitzpatrick's color atlas and synopsis of clinical dermatology
1233:
956:. There is little evidence that it is effective in preventing
343:
336:
197:
150:
3463:
2762:"How to select a sunscreen | American Academy of Dermatology"
2255:"Dangers of indoor tanning | American Academy of Dermatology"
2141:"The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer"
1204:, however, are contraindicated. Schwellnus et al. state that
905:
The strength of sunlight is published in many locations as a
2961:"Protection from sunburn with beta-Carotene—a meta-analysis"
1027:
can also become sunburned and can be especially irritating.
2175:
Guy GP, Watson M, Haileyesus T, Annest JL (February 2015).
948:
Sunscreen is effective and thus recommended for preventing
4050:
Diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (Uvinul A Plus)
476:
Type III: White skin, may burn, but eventually tans easily
2875:
Neale RE, Purdie JL, Hirst LW, Green AC (November 2003).
917:
Commercial preparations that block UV light are known as
381:
from UVB light. This damage is mainly the formation of a
215:
are widely accepted to prevent sunburn and some types of
3161:"How to treat sunburn | American Academy of Dermatology"
1468:"How to treat sunburn | American Academy of Dermatology"
3053:"Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging"
2492:"Prevent skin cancer | American Academy of Dermatology"
1694:"Genomic sites hypersensitive to ultraviolet radiation"
1131:
For pain relief, take cool baths or showers frequently.
1127:
recommends the following for the treatment of sunburn:
1016:. Concentrated clusters of melanin, commonly known as
662:
Sunburns associated with indoor tanning can be severe.
520:
products that sensitize users to UV radiation. Certain
473:
Type II: White skin, burns easily, tans with difficulty
1216:
says they can be used on especially sore areas. While
1043:(ChapSticks) have SPF ratings and contain sunscreens.
977:
Broad spectrum: protects against both UVA and UVB rays
960:. Typical use of sunscreen does not usually result in
153:. Common symptoms in humans and other animals include
2605:
Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine
1116:
The primary measure of treatment is avoiding further
3564:
2877:"Sun exposure as a risk factor for nuclear cataract"
2601:"Current sunscreen controversies: a critical review"
2083:"Twenty Questions and Answers About the Ozone Layer"
4139:
4068:
4032:
3914:
3858:
3798:
3789:
3725:
3649:
3568:
1937:. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle.
120:
105:
87:
75:
63:
44:
3305:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 215.
1970:. Fact-Sheets.com. 2004. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
2426:
2424:
1166:on a sunburn; let them heal on their own instead.
933:(organic sunscreens) or opaque materials such as
335:The cause of sunburn is the direct damage that a
281:. Blistering is a sign of second-degree sunburn.
93:Working outdoors, skin unprotected by clothes or
3426:Giornale Italiano di Dermatologia e Venereologia
896:Avoiding tanning beds and artificial UV exposure
1842:(7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
1698:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
4121:Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid (Ensulizole)
3193:. Healthwise. 15 November 2013. Archived from
2926:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
2728:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
2090:Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010
1987:. United States Food and Drug Administration.
1320:, International Agency for Research on Cancer
1294:, International Agency for Research on Cancer
3981:
3702:
1782:"CXCL5 mediates UVB irradiation-induced pain"
820:, it can initially hide a severe exposure to
8:
3229:. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 337.
601:, etc.), each location within the tropic or
2092:. World Meteorological Organization. 2011.
1879:(8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
887:Seeking shade when UV rays are most intense
3988:
3974:
3966:
3795:
3709:
3695:
3687:
3565:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
2566:Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
2351:"What Are the Types and Degrees of Burns?"
2319:Harrison's principles of internal medicine
2011:"Global Solar UV Index: A Practical Guide"
1985:Health Center for Devices and Radiological
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1754:Touch: The Science of Hand, Heart and Mind
1212:) do not help with sunburns, although the
824:. Excess radiation exposure may result in
50:
41:
27:Burning of the skin by the sun's radiation
3400:
3390:
3226:The Olympic textbook of medicine in sport
3076:
2976:
2892:
2851:
2616:
2200:
1900:
1898:
1805:
1727:
1717:
1609:
1530:
1443:
1378:
816:Additionally, since sunburn is a type of
504:Certain genetic conditions, for example,
204:is triggered and the tissue is replaced.
4101:4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (Enzacamene)
4045:Bisdisulizole disodium (Neo Heliopan AP)
2462:"Prevention Guidelines - SkinCancer.org"
2321:(19th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
676:
516:The risk of sunburn can be increased by
424:process that includes the production of
226:
3476:
1838:Wolff K, Johnson R, Saavedra A (2013).
1281:
145:, that results from an overexposure to
4190:Bisoctrizole (Tinosorb M / Eversorb M)
4024:Chemical agents unless otherwise noted
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
1981:"Tanning – Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation"
1912:from the original on 30 September 2017
996:is sunburn of the cornea. Wrap-around
4162:Drometrizole trisiloxane (Mexoryl XL)
2403:"Acute Radiation Syndrome | CDC"
2312:
2310:
2153:from the original on 26 November 2014
2060:from the original on 16 February 2015
2027:from the original on 27 November 2014
1562:"Facts About Sunburn and Skin Cancer"
1196:may decrease redness and pain. Local
1182:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
7:
3319:from the original on 14 January 2023
3243:from the original on 14 January 2023
2832:The British Journal of Ophthalmology
1761:from the original on 15 October 2021
1367:International Journal of Dermatology
1361:Maslin, Douglas L. (November 2014).
1339:
1337:
1159:Keep hydrated and drink extra water.
490:, usually does not burn, tans easily
188:response in the tissue triggered by
4106:Octyl methoxycinnamate (Octinoxate)
3950:Photosensitivity with HIV infection
3302:Manual of Dermatologic Therapeutics
1296:"Do sunscreens prevent skin cancer"
1020:, are often found within the iris.
1000:or the use by spectacle-wearers of
864:causes rapid loss of the top layers
848:Sunburn effect (as measured by the
200:is overly damaged by UV radiation,
4091:Ethylhexyl triazone (Uvinul T 150)
3280:from the original on 20 March 2018
3171:from the original on 20 March 2018
3111:from the original on 29 March 2018
2894:10.1097/01.ede.0000086881.84657.98
2772:from the original on 29 March 2018
2685:The British Journal of Dermatology
2599:Burnett ME, Wang SQ (April 2011).
2523:The British Journal of Dermatology
2472:from the original on 29 March 2018
2442:from the original on 22 March 2018
2265:from the original on 30 March 2018
2235:from the original on 30 March 2018
1968:"Avoiding Sun-Related Skin Damage"
1949:from the original on 17 April 2021
1883:from the original on 21 March 2018
1673:from the original on 7 August 2020
1639:The British Journal of Dermatology
1478:from the original on 20 March 2018
1305:Press release No. 132, 5 June 2000
636:intensity at the Earth's surface.
375:ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
25:
2099:from the original on 1 April 2014
1322:"Solar and ultraviolet radiation"
614:of any object to the size of its
149:(UV) radiation, usually from the
3818:Hyperkeratotic actinic keratosis
3547:
3530:
3513:
3496:
3479:
2978:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00253.x
2805:10.1097/00006982-200601000-00001
2697:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09332.x
2618:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2011.00557.x
2535:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07684.x
2502:from the original on 14 May 2018
2409:from the original on 8 June 2019
2383:from the original on 8 June 2019
2357:from the original on 7 June 2019
1991:from the original on 23 May 2017
1908:. Healthwise. 15 November 2013.
945:and increases skin cancer risk.
440:, which activates nerve fibers.
3274:American Academy of Dermatology
2965:Photochemistry and Photobiology
2193:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.6697
1602:10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.04.006
1214:American Academy of Dermatology
1125:American Academy of Dermatology
655:. Suntans can provide a modest
377:. It is the body's reaction to
3717:Radiation-related disorders /
3379:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
1786:Science Translational Medicine
1515:10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.4231
1:
4262:Hazards of outdoor recreation
4111:Octyl salicylate (Octisalate)
2959:Köpcke W, Krutmann J (2008).
2938:10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70537-7
2225:"Prevention - SkinCancer.org"
1169:Protect sunburned skin (see:
1146:Anti-inflammatory medications
405:that are highly sensitive to
207:Sun protective measures like
4126:Polysilicone-15 (Parsol SLX)
3759:Benign summer light eruption
2050:"How UV Index Is Calculated"
1798:10.1126/scitranslmed.3002193
303:continue for several weeks.
157:that is hot to the touch or
4187:Hybrid (chemical/physical):
3828:Pigmented actinic keratosis
3823:Lichenoid actinic keratosis
3754:Polymorphous light eruption
3352:10.1016/j.burns.2006.10.384
3101:"Children - SkinCancer.org"
2121:. Healthwise. 27 March 2005
964:, but extensive usage may.
483:, hardly burns, tans easily
241:Other symptoms can include
4278:
4217:
4167:Iscotrizinol (Uvasorb HEB)
4081:4-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
3850:Chronic actinic dermatitis
3813:Atrophic actinic keratosis
3191:"Sunburn – Home Treatment"
2578:10.1016/j.sder.2011.08.003
1906:"Sunburn – Topic Overview"
1363:"Do suncreens protect us?"
921:or sunblocks. They have a
681:A sunburned leg below the
192:by UV radiation. When the
29:
4215:
4177:Oxybenzone (Eusolex 4360)
4147:Bemotrizinol (Tinosorb S)
4010:
3955:Phototoxic tar dermatitis
3897:Cutis rhomboidalis nuchae
3392:10.3390/molecules23030517
3299:Arndt KA, Hsu JT (2007).
3022:10.1007/s12033-007-0051-z
2654:10.1007/s00420-010-0532-4
2436:World Health Organization
2018:World Health Organization
1318:World Health Organization
1292:World Health Organization
467:, burns easily, does not
169:. Other symptoms include
58:
49:
4116:Padimate O (Escalol 507)
4040:Avobenzone (Parsol 1789)
3940:Favre–Racouchot syndrome
3764:Juvenile spring eruption
2826:Solomon AS (June 2006).
1301:26 November 2006 at the
826:acute radiation syndrome
32:Sunburn (disambiguation)
4224:Sun protective clothing
3934:Chronic radiodermatitis
3902:Poikiloderma of Civatte
3010:Molecular Biotechnology
2844:10.1136/bjo.2006.091413
2740:10.1067/mjd.2001.117385
1719:10.1073/pnas.1907860116
1171:Sun protective clothing
1037:lips can become chapped
1023:The tender skin of the
954:squamous cell carcinoma
627:ground-level sunlight.
321:squamous-cell carcinoma
234:on a sunburned shoulder
213:sun protective clothing
115:sun protective clothing
3270:"How to treat sunburn"
3223:Schwellnus MP (2008).
2181:JAMA Internal Medicine
1871:Wolff, K, ed. (2017).
1590:Annals of Epidemiology
1573:Skin Cancer Foundation
1428:10.1542/peds.2011-0104
1103:Artificial UV exposure
876:
865:
853:
690:Differential diagnosis
686:
667:Skin Cancer Foundation
586:
481:Light brown/olive skin
358:
235:
4055:Ecamsule (Mexoryl SX)
3107:. 13 September 2016.
3057:Dermato-Endocrinology
923:sun protection factor
871:
859:
847:
680:
657:sun protection factor
584:
506:xeroderma pigmentosum
361:Sunburn is caused by
334:
230:
4131:Trolamine salicylate
4060:Menthyl anthranilate
3922:Radiation dermatitis
3744:Phytophotodermatitis
1327:29 July 2013 at the
1210:hydrocortisone cream
1006:macular degeneration
962:vitamin D deficiency
958:basal cell carcinoma
558:daylight saving time
317:basal-cell carcinoma
30:For other uses, see
3997:Sunscreening agents
3776:Hydroa vacciniforme
2405:. 23 October 2020.
1710:2019PNAS..11624196P
1704:(48): 24196–24205.
1567:2 June 2013 at the
1156:can help with pain.
1118:exposure to the sun
1080:Protecting children
798:lupus erythematosus
401:contain over 2,000
155:red or reddish skin
4152:Benzophenones 1–12
3650:External resources
3069:10.4161/derm.22876
1751:Linden DJ (2015).
877:
866:
854:
687:
587:
540:have this effect.
420:Sunburn causes an
359:
236:
223:Signs and symptoms
4239:
4238:
4004:or other agencies
3963:
3962:
3910:
3909:
3840:Actinic granuloma
3835:Actinic cheilitis
3808:Actinic keratosis
3684:
3683:
3312:978-0-7817-6058-4
3236:978-1-4443-0064-2
2328:978-0-07-180215-4
1849:978-0-07-179302-5
1651:10.1111/bjd.16079
1380:10.1111/ijd.12606
1373:(11): 1319–1323.
1184:(NSAIDs; such as
806:atopic dermatitis
766:aminobenzoic acid
453:skin phototypes:
411:pyrimidine dimers
379:direct DNA damage
202:type I cell-death
190:direct DNA damage
128:
127:
39:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
4269:
4200:Titanium dioxide
4005:
4000:approved by the
3990:
3983:
3976:
3967:
3891:Peat fire cancer
3872:Erythema ab igne
3796:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3688:
3566:
3560:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3543:
3542:from Wikiversity
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3137:. Archived from
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2432:"Sun protection"
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2291:. Archived from
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1503:JAMA Dermatology
1494:
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1464:
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1447:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1382:
1358:
1352:
1341:
1332:
1315:
1306:
1289:
1206:topical steroids
980:SPF 30 or higher
760:drugs include 6-
710:fluoroquinolones
591:tropic latitudes
534:acne medications
273:, and fainting (
54:
42:
21:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4234:
4220:Photoprotection
4211:
4140:UVA+UVB filters
4135:
4064:
4028:
4020:UVB: 315–290 nm
4006:
3999:
3994:
3964:
3959:
3906:
3854:
3845:Actinic prurigo
3785:
3769:Acne aestivalis
3749:Solar urticaria
3721:
3719:Photodermatoses
3715:
3685:
3680:
3679:
3645:
3644:
3577:
3563:
3559:from Wikivoyage
3553:
3548:
3546:
3536:
3531:
3529:
3519:
3514:
3512:
3502:
3497:
3495:
3491:from Wiktionary
3485:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3471:sister projects
3470:
3468:at Knowledge's
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3198:
3197:on 12 July 2012
3189:
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3141:on 29 June 2017
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2295:on 29 June 2017
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1569:Wayback Machine
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968:Recommendations
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893:Using sunscreen
842:
802:dermatomyositis
692:
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638:Ozone depletion
633:
631:Ozone depletion
607:temperate zones
546:
530:antidepressants
514:
329:
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59:A sunburnt neck
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3815:
3804:
3802:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3781:Solar erythema
3778:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3723:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3691:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3666:
3654:
3653:
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3647:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3631:
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3609:
3594:
3578:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:Classification
3562:
3561:
3544:
3527:
3525:from Wikibooks
3510:
3493:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3450:
3449:External links
3447:
3444:
3443:
3416:
3365:
3330:
3311:
3291:
3254:
3235:
3208:
3182:
3152:
3122:
3105:skincancer.org
3092:
3063:(3): 298–307.
3043:
3000:
2951:
2916:
2867:
2818:
2783:
2753:
2718:
2675:
2632:
2591:
2556:
2513:
2483:
2466:skincancer.org
2453:
2420:
2394:
2368:
2342:
2327:
2306:
2276:
2246:
2229:skincancer.org
2216:
2167:
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2110:
2074:
2041:
2002:
1972:
1960:
1923:
1894:
1863:
1848:
1821:
1792:(90): 90ra60.
1772:
1743:
1684:
1645:(1): 140–147.
1625:
1576:
1554:
1489:
1459:
1422:(2): 309–317.
1402:
1353:
1333:
1307:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1265:Snow blindness
1262:
1257:
1252:
1245:
1242:
1232:that contains
1179:
1178:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1143:
1132:
1113:
1110:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1078:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1032:
1029:
994:snow blindness
989:
986:
985:
984:
981:
978:
969:
966:
939:titanium oxide
914:
911:
902:
899:
898:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
841:
838:
818:radiation burn
814:
813:
794:
791:
788:
781:
770:chlorpromazine
762:methylcoumarin
757:
726:phenothiazines
722:nalidixic acid
714:5-fluorouracil
691:
688:
674:
671:
645:
642:
632:
629:
579:
578:
574:
570:
567:
564:
561:
545:
542:
538:tranquillizers
526:contraceptives
518:pharmaceutical
513:
510:
499:
498:
491:
484:
477:
474:
471:
461:
342:can induce in
328:
325:
308:
305:
295:
292:
286:
283:
224:
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135:radiation burn
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
107:
103:
102:
91:
85:
84:
79:
73:
72:
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61:
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4214:
4206:
4203:
4201:
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4197:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4182:Sulisobenzone
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
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4112:
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4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4017:A: 400–315 nm
4016:
4013:
4012:
4009:
4003:
3998:
3991:
3986:
3984:
3979:
3977:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3956:
3953:
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3556:Travel guides
3545:
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3528:
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3369:
3366:
3361:
3357:
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3279:
3275:
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2996:
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2935:
2931:
2927:
2920:
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2912:
2908:
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2895:
2890:
2887:(6): 707–12.
2886:
2882:
2878:
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2863:
2859:
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2849:
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2679:
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2655:
2651:
2648:(8): 843–54.
2647:
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2606:
2602:
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2234:
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2217:
2212:
2208:
2203:
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2194:
2190:
2187:(2): 309–11.
2186:
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2178:
2171:
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2164:
2149:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2120:
2114:
2111:
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2091:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1961:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1927:
1924:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1864:
1859:
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1817:
1813:
1808:
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1760:
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1138:that contain
1137:
1134:Use soothing
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1129:
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1119:
1111:
1109:
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1087:
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1075:
1074:beta carotene
1071:
1067:
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1030:
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1021:
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822:radioactivity
819:
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803:
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742:sulfonylureas
739:
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711:
707:
703:
698:
697:
696:
689:
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670:
668:
663:
660:
658:
654:
653:tanning lamps
650:
643:
641:
639:
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628:
624:
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617:
613:
608:
604:
603:polar regions
600:
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559:
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523:
519:
511:
509:
507:
502:
496:
492:
489:
485:
482:
478:
475:
472:
470:
466:
463:Type I: Pale
462:
460:
456:
455:
454:
452:
451:Fitzpatrick's
448:
445:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
403:genomic sites
400:
396:
395:free radicals
390:
388:
384:
383:thymine dimer
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:tanning lamps
364:
356:
353:
349:
345:
341:
338:
333:
326:
324:
322:
318:
314:
306:
304:
300:
293:
291:
284:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
249:), itching (
248:
244:
239:
233:
229:
222:
220:
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
180:
179:non-malignant
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
139:living tissue
137:that affects
136:
133:is a form of
132:
123:
119:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
90:
86:
83:
80:
78:
77:Complications
74:
71:
68:
66:
62:
57:
53:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
4231:
4194:
4186:
4157:Dioxybenzone
4023:
3881:Kairo cancer
3876:Kangri ulcer
3800:Actinic rays
3791:Non-ionizing
3738:
3668:
3657:
3633:
3622:
3611:
3596:
3581:
3554:
3537:
3520:
3508:from Commons
3503:
3486:
3465:
3432:(1): 85–91.
3429:
3425:
3419:
3382:
3378:
3368:
3346:(6): 713–8.
3343:
3339:
3333:
3323:20 September
3321:. Retrieved
3301:
3294:
3282:. Retrieved
3247:20 September
3245:. Retrieved
3225:
3199:. Retrieved
3195:the original
3185:
3173:. Retrieved
3164:
3155:
3143:. Retrieved
3139:the original
3134:
3125:
3113:. Retrieved
3104:
3095:
3060:
3056:
3046:
3016:(1): 26–30.
3013:
3009:
3003:
2971:(2): 284–8.
2968:
2964:
2954:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2884:
2881:Epidemiology
2880:
2870:
2838:(6): 665–6.
2835:
2831:
2821:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2774:. Retrieved
2765:
2756:
2734:(6): 882–5.
2731:
2727:
2721:
2691:(4): 732–6.
2688:
2684:
2678:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2611:(2): 58–67.
2608:
2604:
2594:
2572:(4): 222–8.
2569:
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2559:
2529:(4): 716–9.
2526:
2522:
2516:
2504:. Retrieved
2495:
2486:
2474:. Retrieved
2465:
2456:
2444:. Retrieved
2435:
2411:. Retrieved
2397:
2385:. Retrieved
2371:
2359:. Retrieved
2345:
2318:
2297:. Retrieved
2293:the original
2288:
2279:
2267:. Retrieved
2258:
2249:
2237:. Retrieved
2228:
2219:
2184:
2180:
2170:
2162:
2155:. Retrieved
2135:
2123:. Retrieved
2113:
2101:. Retrieved
2089:
2077:
2069:
2062:. Retrieved
2044:
2036:
2029:. Retrieved
2005:
1993:. Retrieved
1984:
1975:
1963:
1951:. Retrieved
1934:GeneReviews®
1933:
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1885:. Retrieved
1876:
1866:
1839:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1763:. Retrieved
1753:
1746:
1701:
1697:
1687:
1675:. Retrieved
1642:
1638:
1628:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1557:
1509:(1): 90–92.
1506:
1502:
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1471:
1462:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1343:
1270:Chapped lips
1222:
1180:
1136:moisturizers
1122:
1115:
1106:
1083:
1062:antioxidants
1059:
1050:
1034:
1022:
991:
971:
947:
931:dioxybenzone
916:
904:
901:UV intensity
878:
834:heat illness
815:
785:meadow grass
774:promethazine
768:and esters,
738:sulfonamides
693:
664:
661:
647:
634:
625:
588:
547:
544:UV intensity
515:
503:
500:
449:
442:
422:inflammation
419:
391:
363:UV radiation
360:
310:
301:
297:
288:
255:peeling skin
245:, swelling (
240:
237:
206:
186:inflammatory
175:peeling skin
130:
129:
89:Risk factors
36:
4257:Sun tanning
4228:Sun tanning
4172:Octocrylene
4069:UVB filters
4033:UVA filters
3886:Kang cancer
3727:Ultraviolet
3659:MedlinePlus
3488:Definitions
3201:29 November
3165:www.aad.org
2932:(1): 45–8.
2828:"Pterygium"
2766:www.aad.org
2496:www.aad.org
2259:www.aad.org
1916:29 November
1677:13 December
1472:www.aad.org
1260:Skin cancer
1250:Sun tanning
1238:dehydration
1230:moisturizer
1198:anesthetics
1162:Do not pop
1098:protection.
754:vinblastine
706:dacarbazine
595:ozone layer
522:antibiotics
512:Medications
426:prostanoids
399:melanocytes
352:cyclobutane
307:Skin cancer
217:skin cancer
182:skin tumors
165:, and mild
147:ultraviolet
82:Skin cancer
70:Dermatology
4246:Categories
4218:See also:
4205:Zinc oxide
4096:Homosalate
3945:Photoaging
3670:Patient UK
3624:DiseasesDB
3385:(3): 517.
2799:(1): 1–4.
1757:. Viking.
1416:Pediatrics
1276:References
1202:benzocaine
998:sunglasses
943:skin aging
935:zinc oxide
927:oxybenzone
919:sunscreens
840:Prevention
778:diclofenac
718:furosemide
702:amiodarone
620:solar noon
573:elevation.
495:Black skin
488:Brown skin
465:white skin
430:bradykinin
285:Variations
243:blistering
171:blistering
161:, general
141:, such as
106:Prevention
4195:Physical:
4076:Amiloxate
3640:403194002
3635:SNOMED CT
3539:Resources
3522:Textbooks
2337:893557976
2157:17 August
2125:26 August
2064:2 January
2031:2 January
1858:813301093
1523:2168-6068
1436:0031-4005
1397:205188894
1350:eMedicine
1225:aloe vera
1218:lidocaine
1208:(such as
1186:ibuprofen
1175:Sunscreen
1150:ibuprofen
1140:aloe vera
1112:Treatment
1094:clothing.
1070:Vitamin E
1066:Vitamin C
1041:lip balms
1014:cataracts
1010:pterygium
913:Sunscreen
862:epidermis
750:thiazides
734:retinoids
730:psoralens
673:Diagnosis
493:Type VI:
479:Type IV:
444:Skin type
387:apoptosis
373:arcs, or
350:-thymine
209:sunscreen
167:dizziness
121:Treatment
111:sunscreen
99:skin type
95:sunscreen
65:Specialty
18:Sunburned
4086:Cinoxate
3860:Infrared
3731:ionizing
3438:19218914
3411:29495390
3360:17499928
3317:Archived
3278:Archived
3241:Archived
3175:28 March
3169:Archived
3145:28 March
3115:28 March
3109:Archived
3087:23467449
3038:22417600
3030:17914160
2995:86776862
2987:18086246
2911:40041207
2903:14569187
2862:16714259
2813:16395131
2776:28 March
2770:Archived
2748:11712033
2713:12276606
2705:19663879
2670:40870536
2662:20414668
2627:21392107
2586:22123420
2551:22599824
2543:17493070
2506:28 March
2500:Archived
2476:28 March
2470:Archived
2446:28 March
2440:Archived
2407:Archived
2381:Archived
2355:Archived
2299:30 March
2269:30 March
2263:Archived
2239:30 March
2233:Archived
2211:25506731
2148:Archived
2119:"Suntan"
2103:13 March
2094:Archived
2058:Archived
2056:. 2012.
2022:Archived
2020:. 2002.
1989:Archived
1953:23 March
1947:Archived
1943:20301571
1910:Archived
1887:20 March
1881:Archived
1816:21734176
1759:Archived
1738:31723047
1671:Archived
1667:10914195
1659:29239489
1620:18652979
1565:Archived
1541:27902809
1482:29 March
1476:Archived
1454:22271688
1389:25208462
1325:Archived
1299:Archived
1255:Freckles
1244:See also
1200:such as
1190:naproxen
1164:blisters
1148:such as
1018:freckles
950:melanoma
907:UV Index
850:UV Index
830:erythema
804:, acne,
550:UV Index
486:Type V:
457:Type 0:
357:(right).
313:melanoma
294:Duration
251:pruritus
232:Blisters
4232:Sunburn
3739:Sunburn
3675:Sunburn
3618:D013471
3466:Sunburn
3455:Sunburn
3402:6017010
3284:26 June
3078:3583891
2946:9448204
2853:1860212
2202:4593495
1807:3232447
1765:1 March
1729:6883822
1706:Bibcode
1611:2873840
1549:8254557
1532:6057474
1445:3269110
1345:Sunburn
1194:aspirin
1192:), and
1154:aspirin
1142:or soy.
1025:eyelids
1002:glasses
873:Tanning
810:rosacea
800:(SLE),
649:Suntans
644:Tanning
599:terrain
577:States.
524:, oral
371:welding
348:thymine
275:syncope
163:fatigue
159:painful
131:Sunburn
109:Use of
45:Sunburn
4230:, and
4002:US FDA
3664:003227
3607:692.71
3459:Curlie
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2793:Retina
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2387:7 June
2361:7 June
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752:, and
683:shorts
616:shadow
536:, and
459:Albino
340:photon
327:Causes
271:chills
263:nausea
4252:Burns
3927:Acute
3915:Other
3629:13516
3505:Media
3340:Burns
3034:S2CID
2991:S2CID
2907:S2CID
2709:S2CID
2666:S2CID
2547:S2CID
2151:(PDF)
2144:(PDF)
2097:(PDF)
2086:(PDF)
2025:(PDF)
2014:(PDF)
1663:S2CID
1545:S2CID
1393:S2CID
612:ratio
438:CXCL5
434:TRPV1
415:genes
355:dimer
279:burns
267:fever
247:edema
194:cells
101:, age
3864:heat
3613:MeSH
3602:9-CM
3434:PMID
3407:PMID
3356:PMID
3325:2020
3307:ISBN
3286:2016
3249:2020
3231:ISBN
3203:2014
3177:2018
3147:2018
3117:2018
3083:PMID
3026:PMID
2983:PMID
2942:PMID
2899:PMID
2858:PMID
2809:PMID
2778:2018
2744:PMID
2701:PMID
2658:PMID
2623:PMID
2582:PMID
2539:PMID
2508:2018
2478:2018
2448:2018
2415:2019
2389:2019
2363:2019
2333:OCLC
2323:ISBN
2301:2018
2271:2018
2241:2018
2207:PMID
2159:2016
2127:2006
2105:2015
2066:2015
2033:2015
1997:2017
1955:2018
1939:PMID
1918:2014
1889:2018
1854:OCLC
1844:ISBN
1812:PMID
1767:2015
1734:PMID
1679:2019
1655:PMID
1616:PMID
1537:PMID
1519:ISSN
1484:2018
1450:PMID
1432:ISSN
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1173:and
1123:The
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1068:and
1056:Diet
1047:Feet
1035:The
1031:Lips
1012:and
988:Eyes
952:and
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685:line
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428:and
319:and
259:rash
211:and
143:skin
3598:ICD
3592:L55
3583:ICD
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3387:doi
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