Swimming (sport) - Knowledge (XXG)

773:: The starter has full control of the swimmers from the time the referee turns the swimmers over to them until the race commences. A starter begins the race by saying, "Take your mark." At this point, the swimmers will get into stationary positions, sometimes known as "point zero", in which they would like to start their race. After all swimmers have assumed their stationary position, the starter will push a button on the starting system, signaling the start of a race with a loud noise (usually a beep or a horn) and flash from a strobe light. A starter sends the swimmers off the blocks and may call a false start if a swimmer leaves the block before the starter sends them. A starter may also choose to recall the race after the start for any reason or request the swimmers to "stand", "relax" or "step down" if they believe that (a) particular swimmer(s) has obtained an unfair advantage at the start. 1158:, making the pool faster. These include proper pool depth, elimination of currents, increased lane width, energy absorbing racing lane lines and gutters, and the use of other innovative hydraulic, acoustic, and illumination designs. There have been major changes in starting blocks over the past years. Starting blocks used to be small, narrow and straight but through time they have become bigger and wider and nowadays the surface of the block is angled towards the swimming pool. In addition, starting blocks now have a "wedge" which is a raised, slanting platform situated at the rear of the main block. This enables the swimmer to adopt a crouched position at a 90 degrees angle and push off quicker with the rear leg to increase their launch power. 767:

the rules. The referee takes overall responsibility for running the meet and makes the final decisions as to who wins each race. Referees call swimmers to the blocks with short blasts of their whistles. This is the signal for the swimmers to stand next to their blocks. Then the referee will blow a long whistle that will tell the swimmers to step on the block. For backstroke events, the long whistle is the signal for the swimmers to jump into the water. The referee will then blow another long whistle, signalling the swimmers to grab the gutter or the provided block handle. Finally the referee will hand over the rest to the starter by directing their hand to the starter.

422: 779:: The clerk of course (also called the "bullpen") assembles swimmers before each event, and organizes ("seeds") swimmers into heats based on their times. Heats are generally seeded from slowest to fastest, where swimmers with no previous time for an event are assumed to be the slowest. The clerk of the course is also responsible for recording and reporting swimmers who have chosen to "scratch" (not swim) their events after they have signed up or qualified to a semifinal or final. The clerk is also responsible for enforcing rules of the swim meet if a swimmer chooses to not show up ("No show" - NS, or "Did Not Swim" - DNS) to their events. 830: 975: 785:: Each timekeeper takes the time of the swimmers in the lane assigned to them. Unless a video backup system is used, it may be necessary to use the full complement of timekeepers even when automatic officiating equipment is used. A chief timekeeper assigns the seating positions for all timekeepers and the lanes for which they are responsible. In most competitions there will be one or more timekeepers per lane. In international competitions where full automatic timing and video placing equipment is in use timekeepers may not be required. 440:. Tapering is used to give the swimmer's body some rest without stopping exercise completely. A final stage is often referred to as "shave and taper": the swimmer shaves off all exposed hair for the sake of reducing drag and having a sleeker and more hydrodynamic feel in the water. Additionally, the "shave and taper" method refers to the removal of the top layer of "dead skin", which exposes the newer and richer skin underneath. This also helps to "shave" off mere milliseconds on your time. 791:: One inspector of turns is assigned to one or more lanes at each end of the pool. Each inspector of turns ensures that swimmers comply with the relevant rules for turning, as well as the relevant rules for start and finish of the race. Inspectors of turns shall report any violation on disqualification reports detailing the event, lane number, and the infringement delivered to the chief inspector of turns who will immediately convey the report to the referee. 1142: 1092: 3532: 4777: 3912: 611:) long and 25 metres (82 ft) wide, with ten lanes labelled zero to nine (or one to ten in some pools; zero and nine (or one and ten) are usually left empty in semi-finals and finals); the lanes must be at least 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) wide. They will be equipped with starting blocks at both ends of the pool and most will have Automatic Officiating Equipment, including touch pads to record times and sensors to ensure the legality of 586: 5513: 444: 1206:. At that time records could be established in any swimming pool of length not less than 25 yards, and records were also accepted for intermediate distance split times from long-distance events. Today World Records will only be accepted when times are reported by Automatic Officiating Equipment, or Semi-Automatic Officiating Equipment in the case of Automatic Officiating Equipment system malfunction. 4298: 323: 433:

professional swimmers who do not hold a national or world ranking are considered the best in regard to their technical skills. Typically, an athlete goes through a cycle of training in which the body is overloaded with work in the beginning and middle segments of the cycle, and then the workload is decreased in the final stage as the swimmer approaches competition.

5523: 486:, where the events are swum in a body of open water (lake or sea), there are also 5 km, 10 km and 25 km events for men and women. However, only the 10 km event is included in the Olympic schedule, again for both men and women. Pool and open-water competitions are typically separate events, except at the World Championships and the Olympics. 54: 1083:

amateurs receive no funding. Outside of these major championships prize money is low – the 2015 FINA World Cup series has a total prize fund of $ 3,000 per race shared between the top three and the 2014–15 USA Grand Prix Series $ 1,800 compared to the 2015 World Aquatics Championships fund of $ 60,000 per race shared between the top eight.

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blood pressure, and a stroke. It can improve lung and heart strength while it tones muscles in a full body workout. People can typically exercise longer in water than on land without increased effort and minimal joint or muscle pain. When in the water the body undergoes less physical stress thus releasing pressure from the joints.

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December 2014. Backstrokers are now allowed to turn on their stomachs before the wall in order to perform a "flip-turn". Previously, they had to reach and flip backwards and a variation of it, known as a "bucket turn" or a "suicide turn", is sometimes used in individual medley events to transition from backstroke to breaststroke.

797:: Judges of stroke are located on each side of the pool. They follow the swimmers during their swim back and forth across the pool. They ensure that the rules related to the style of swimming designated for the event are being observed, and observe the turns and the finishes to assist the inspectors of turns. 1916:

The best way to prevent injury is catching the issue early. Typically, poor technique and over excessive use of the muscle group can be the primary causes of injury. Through communication between swimmers, coaches, parents, and medical professionals, problems can be diagnosed before a serious injury.

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The U.S. Census Bureau reports that two and a half hours per week of aerobic physical activity such as swimming can decrease the risk of chronic illnesses, and help regenerate healthy cells. Furthermore, swimming is linked to better cognitive function; also lowering the risk of Type II diabetes, high

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Swimming is a healthy activity that can be done by most people throughout their life. It is a low-impact workout that has several mental and bodily health benefits all while being a good recreational activity. Swimming builds endurance, muscle strength, and cardiovascular fitness. Correspondingly, it

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observes a swimmer breaking a rule concerning the stroke they are swimming, the official will report what they have seen to the referee. The referee can disqualify (or DQ) any swimmer for any violation of the rules that they personally observe or for any violation reported to them by other authorized

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Beginning each swimming season racing in short course allows for shorter distance races for novice swimmers. For example, in the short course season if a swimmer wanted to compete in a stroke they had just learned, a 25-yard/meter race is available to them, opposed to the long course season when they

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Perhaps the most common injury to swimmers is repeated trauma and overuse of the rotator cuff in the shoulder. The joints are more prone to injury when the arm is repetitively used in a position above the horizontal line of the body. This position occurs in each of the four swimming strokes in every

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bring their heads up at the completion of each cycle. In addition, a key hole pull in the breaststroke start and turns has been added to help speed up the stroke. Now off the start and turns, breaststrokers are allowed one butterfly kick to help increase their speed. This change was made official in

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Male swimmers wore full-body suits until the 1940s, which caused more drag in the water than their modern swimwear counterparts experience. Competition suits now include engineered fabric and designs to reduce swimmers' drag in the water and prevent athlete fatigue. In addition, over the years, pool

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Many swimmers also shave areas of exposed skin before end-of-season competitions to reduce friction in the water. The practice gained popularity after the 1956 Olympics, when Murray Rose and Jon Henricks came shaved and won gold medals for Australia. Freshly shaven skin is less resistant when in the

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are popular regular swimwear brands. The most durable material for regular swimming is Polyester. The main difference between competition and regular swimwear is that competition swimwear is tighter and compresses the muscles of the swimmers. Regular swimwear is easier to put on and more comfortable

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Improving balance will minimize the need for this kick to provide an upward, instead of a forward vector, and in some cases completely corrects the kick. Using an ankle band will have the immediate effect of turning off your kick, which then forces you to make efforts to correct your balance. If you

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In 1952, the national federations of the United States and Japan proposed at the FINA Congress the separation of records achieved in long-course and short-course pools; however, it was four more years before action came into effect with the Congress deciding to retain only records held in 50 m

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Women wear one-piece suits with thicker and higher backs for competition, though two-piece suits can also be worn during practice. Backs vary mainly in strap thickness and geometric design. Most common styles include: racerback, axel back, corset, diamondback, and butterfly-back/Fly-Back. There are

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Often used at the same time as hand paddles, pull buoys support swimmers' legs (and prevent them from kicking) while they focus on pulling. Pull buoys are made of foam so they float in the water. Swimmers hold them in between the thighs. They can also be used as a kickboard to make kicking a little

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In competition, only one of these styles may be used except in the case of the individual medley, or IM, which consists of all four. In this latter event, swimmers swim equal distances of butterfly, then backstroke, breaststroke, and finally, freestyle. In Olympic competition, this event is swum in

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Another common injury is breaststroke knee, also known as swimmer's knee. This injury is caused by the kicking movement used while swimming breaststroke. The kicking movement will cause wear and tear on the knee and it will eventually lead to constant pain. In recent studies it has been found that

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In addition to the physical benefits of swimming, lower stress levels and occurrences of depression and anxiety are known to decrease while swimming. Swimming is a meditation sport meaning there is an increase of blood flow to the brain which allows an individual to evaluate stressors more calmly.

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has full control and authority over all officials. The referee will enforce all rules and decisions of World Aquatics and shall have the final answer to all questions relating to the actual conduct of anything regarding the meet, as well as the final settlement of which is not otherwise covered by

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New recent technology has developed much faster swimsuits. Full body suits have been banned, but swimmers at the very top levels still wear suits that have been lasered together because stitching creates drag. The disadvantage of these suits is that they are often uncomfortable and tight, and can

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The disadvantages of using a drag suit include the depletion of proper stroke. This is caused by the swimmer's own fatigue. When the swimmer becomes more fatigued, different muscle groups become more tired. Consequently, the swimmer will try to engage another group of muscle to do the same thing,

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Outside the United States, meters is the standard in both short and long course swimming, with the same distances swum in all events. In the American short course season, the 500-yard, 1000 yard, and 1650-yard freestyle events are swum as a yard is much shorter than a meter (100 yards equals

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In treating a rotator cuff injury, the most important factor is time. Due to the nature of the joint being primarily stabilized by muscle and tendon, the injury must be fully healed to prevent recurrence. Returning to swimming or other demanding exercises too soon can result in degeneration of a

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are used to increase water resistance against the swimmer to help them train for competitions. Other forms of drag wear include nylons, old suits, and T-shirts: articles that increase friction in the water to build strength during training, and thus increase speed once drag items are removed for

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As of right now, in club, school, and college swimming in the United States and Canada, the short course (25 yards) season is much longer, from September to March. The long-course season takes place in 50-meter pools and lasts from April to the end of August with open water in the summer months.

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Records in events such as 300 yd, 300 m, 1000 yd, and 1000 m freestyle, 400 m backstroke, and 400 m and 500 m breaststroke were no longer ratified from 1948. A further removal of the 500 yd and 500 m freestyle, 150 m backstroke, and 3×100 m

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in 2008 when many Olympic swimmers broke records an unprecedented number of times using revolutionary swimsuits that covered their entire legs. To highlight the issue, in 2008, 70 world records were broken in one year, and 66 Olympic records were broken in one Olympic Games (there were races in

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Swimming creates a mix of levels, including: fully professional, semi-professional, and amateur. Fully professional swimmers will typically get a salary both from their national governing body and from outside sponsors, semi-professionals a small stipend from their national governing body, and

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A snorkel is a plastic device that helps swimmers breathe while swimming. This piece of equipment helps the swimmer practice keeping their head in one position, along with training them for the proper breathing technique of breathing in through the mouth and out the nose. This technique is the

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In international competition and in club swimming in Europe, the short course (25m) season lasts from September to December, and the long course (50m) season from January to August with open water in the summer months. These regulations are slowly being brought to competition in North America.

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Open water swimming is swimming outside a regular pool, usually in a lake, or sometimes ocean. Popularity of the sport has grown in recent years, particularly since the 10 km open water event was added as an Olympic event in 2005, contested for the first time in the 2008 Olympic Games in

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Competitive swimming became popular in the 19th century. The goal of high level competitive swimming is to break personal or world records while beating competitors in any given event. Swimming in competition should create the least resistance in order to obtain maximum speed. However, some

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As of 1 January 2010, men are only allowed to wear suits from the waist to the knees. They are also only permitted to wear one piece of swimwear; they cannot wear briefs underneath jammers. This rule was enacted after the controversy in the Beijing Olympics and Rome World Championships.

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Competitive swimwear seeks to improve upon bare skin for a speed advantage and coverage. In 2009, FINA rules and regulations were altered and suits made with polyurethane were banned because they made athletes more buoyant. These rules also banned suits which go above the

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Until 3 March 1991, world records in short course (25 m) pools were noted as "world best times" (WBTs) but not as "short course world records". On 31 October 1994, times in 50 m backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly were added to the official record listings.

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Those who are disqualified may choose to protest their disqualification however, in age group level swimming, this is rare. Protests are reviewed by a panel of officials instead of the deck referee or stroke judges who may have made the initial disqualification report.

361:(between England and France), in 1875. Using the breaststroke technique, he swam the channel 21.26 miles (34.21 km) in 21 hours and 45 minutes. His feat was not replicated or surpassed for the next 36 years, until T.W. Burgess made the crossing in 1911. 724:

Competitive swimming, from the club through to international level, tends to have an autumn and winter season competing in short course (25 metres or yards) pools and a spring and summer season competing in long course (50-metre) pools and in open water.

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also improves weight loss while being a safer alternative of working out for someone who is injured or for women who are pregnant. Swimming generally requires less effort than many other sports while still providing similar physical benefits.

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There were also changes in the late 20th century in terms of technique. Breaststrokers are now allowed to dip their heads completely under water to glide, which allows for a longer stroke and faster time. However, the breaststrokers

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became the first to use it successfully; at the 1988 Olympics, he swam most of the 100 m backstroke race underwater and broke the world record in the distance during the preliminaries. Another swimmer to use the technique was

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Due to waves created by the swimmers, it can be an advantage to swim closer to the center of the pool during a race. Due to this, World Aquatics regulations specify which lane each swimmer competes in based on previous times.

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cycle of the arms. Out of the four tendons in the rotator cuff, the supraspinatus is most prone to tearing. Rotator cuff impingement is due to pressure on the rotator cuff from part of the scapula as the arm is raised.

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Swimmers use drag suits in training to increase resistance. This allows a swimmer to be challenged even more when practicing and let the swimmer feel less resistance when racing. Drag suits are not used in competitive

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Subsequently, FINA made a rule that swimmers may not go farther than 15 metres underwater. In 2014, FINA rules that a single dolphin kick may be added to the breaststroke pullout before the first breaststroke kick.

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Swimming each stroke requires a set of specific techniques; in competition, there are distinct regulations concerning the acceptable form for each individual stroke. There are also regulations on what types of

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A kickboard is a foam board that swimmers use to support the weight of the upper body while they focus on kicking. Kicking is the movement of the legs only which helps to increase leg muscle for future

803:: Finish judges determine the order of finish and make sure the swimmers finish in accordance with the rules (two hands simultaneously for breaststroke and butterfly, on the back for backstroke, etc.) 622:

regulations are required to meet some but not all of these requirements. Many of these pools have eight, or even six, instead of ten lanes and some will be 25 metres (82 ft) long, making them

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For those with dementia swimming has a number of positive benefits such as reducing anxiety and agitation, provides opportunities to socialize and contributes to a positive sense of self-worth.

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Since the 1990s, the most drastic change in swimming has been the addition of the underwater dolphin kick. This is used to maximize the speed at the start and after the turns in all styles.

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Rubber fins are used to help kick faster and build strength and technique, but are illegal in a race. They also improve technique by keeping the feet in the proper position while kicking.

407:. Butterfly was developed in the 1930s and was at first a variant of breaststroke, until it was accepted as a separate style in 1952. FINA renamed itself World Aquatics in December 2022. 630:

that are set in short course pools are kept separate from those set in long course pools because it may be an advantage or disadvantage to swimmers to have more or less turns in a race.

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competitions also include the 100-yard or 100-meter IM – particularly, for younger or newer swimmers (typically under 14 years) involved in club swimming, or masters swimming (over 18).

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Swimming emerged as a competitive recreational activity in the 1830s in England. In 1828, the first indoor swimming pool, St George's Baths was opened to the public. By 1837, the

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By 1969 there were thirty-one events in which FINA recognised official world records – 16 for men, 15 for women – closely resembling the event schedule that was in use at the

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were the first to use the standard 50-meter pool with marked lanes. In the freestyle, swimmers originally dove from the pool walls, but diving blocks were incorporated at the

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The first four Olympics were not held in pools, but in open water (1896 – the Mediterranean, 1900 – the Seine river, 1904 – an artificial lake, 1906 – the Mediterranean). The

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competition. Some swimmers practice in basketball shorts over their bathing suit, wearing two bathing suits, or wearing an extra bathing suit with holes cut in the material.

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initially, the pain is only experienced when the kick was executed, but eventually the pain spread to other regular day-to-day activities, athletic and non-athletic.

231:, caps, jewelry and injury tape that are allowed at competitions. Although it is possible for competitive swimmers to incur several injuries from the sport, such as 4766: 4629: 2382: 1276: 494:

In competitive swimming, four major styles have been established. These have been relatively stable over the last 30 to 40 years with minor improvements. They are:

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The increase in accuracy and reliability of electronic timing equipment led to the introduction of hundredths of a second to the time records from 21 August 1972.

556:, 20.48 seconds in the 50 m freestyle and 22.18 in the 50 m butterfly, spending more than half of each race submerged, more than any of his competitors. 4611: 4606: 4583: 1270: 1266: 1256: 2300: 4667: 4662: 4601: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 1298: 1294: 1262: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 4657: 4558: 4400: 4326: 4205: 4200: 1290: 1236: 740:, the short course (25m) season lasts from April to September, and the long course (50m) season from October to March with open water in the summer months. 877:

out of swimmers' eyes. Goggles may be tinted to counteract glare at outdoor pools. Prescription goggles may be used by swimmers who wear corrective lenses.

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attach to the hand with rubber tubing or elastic material. They come in many different shapes and sizes, depending on swimmer preference and hand size.

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In the past decade, American competitive swimmers have made the most use of the underwater dolphin kick, notably Olympic and World medal winners

2308: 223:. A medley relay consists of four swimmers who will each swim a different stroke, ordered as backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and freestyle. 5173: 4405: 4345: 4287: 1921:

tendon which might result in a rupture. During the rehabilitation period, focus should be placed on rotator cuff and scapular strengthening.

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91.44 meters), while during the American long course season the 400 meter, 800 meter, and 1500-meter freestyle events are swum instead.

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paintings from around 10,000 years ago. Written references date from 2000 BC, with some of the earliest references to swimming including the

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by applying downward pressure onto their bent legs. This serves to preload the muscles and helps to make the subsequent dive more powerful.

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Elite and international swimming comprises the highest level of competition available to swimmers, including competitions such as the

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A swim cap (a.k.a. cap) keeps the swimmer's hair out of the way to reduce drag. Caps may be made of latex, silicone, spandex or lycra.

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The dolphin kick was rarely used in freestyle sprint races until 2008, when "technical" swimsuits were introduced to the sport at the

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and others. In 1538, Nikolaus Wynmann, a Swiss–German professor of languages, wrote the earliest known complete book about swimming,

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at the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, where he completed almost half of the 100 m butterfly underwater to win the gold medal.

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Additionally, proper warm-up, stretches, and strength training exercises should be completed before any rigorous movements.

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style (two-piece). As of 1 January 2010, in competition, women must wear suits that do not go past the shoulders or knees.

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water. In addition, a 1989 study demonstrated that shaving improves a swimmer's overall performance by reducing drag.

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in 1873, winning a local competition in England. His stroke is still regarded as the most powerful to use today.

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also different style lengths: three-quarter length (reaches the knees), regular length (shoulders to hips), and

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Olympian Ryan Lochte (near) standing on top of the wedged starting blocks. Each swimmer performs a preparatory

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Swimming times have dropped over the years due to superior training techniques and new technical developments.

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Swimmers use these plastic devices to build arm and shoulder strength while refining hand-pulling technique.

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Evidence of recreational swimming in prehistoric times has been found, with the earliest evidence dating to

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participants at a swimming competition in London introduced the front crawl to a European audience. Sir

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This article is about competitive swimming. For the general article on human movement in the water, see

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or below the knee for men and suits which extend past the shoulders or cover the neck for women.

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designs have lessened the drag. Some design considerations allow for the reduction of swimming

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in the shoulders or knees, there are also multiple health benefits associated with the sport.

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The practice of reducing exercise in the days just before an important competition is called

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picked up the hand-over stroke from some South American natives and successfully debuted the

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officials. All disqualifications are subject to the decision and discretion of the referee.

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that requires the use of one's entire body to move through water. The sport takes place in

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Here is where the rotator cuff is located, and what a tear would look like in the shoulder

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There are forty officially recognized individual swimming events in the pool; however the

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would need to be able to swim at least 50 meters of that new stroke in order to compete.

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only recognizes 32 of them. The international governing body for competitive swimming is

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The largest Ocean Swim's in terms of numbers of participants are in Australia, with the

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Beijing where the first five finishers were swimming faster than the old world record).

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opposite of a common runner's breathing pattern, which is in the nose and out the mouth.

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was formed, there were already over 300 regional clubs in operation across the country.

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or open water (e.g., in a sea or lake). Competitive swimming is one of the most popular

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introduced freestyle to the Western world. In 1908, the world swimming association,

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are successful in discovering these, then the ankle band has done part of its job.

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There are several types of officials, which are needed to manage the competition.

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The Swimmer, or A Dialogue on the Art of Swimming and Joyful and Pleasant to Read

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FINA currently recognises world records in these events for both men and women.

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each. Olympic events are held in a 50-meter pool, called a long course pool.

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in 1896. The first European amateur swimming competitions were in 1889 in

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Colymbetes, sive de arte natandi dialogus et festivus et iucundus lectu

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and sat in the center of the main stadium's track and field oval. The

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NCAA Men's and Women's Swimming and Diving Rules 2019-20 and 2020-21

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in 1908 signaled the commencement of recording the first official

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set the Olympic records in 2016 for the 400m and 800m freestyle.

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Other European countries also established swimming federations;

5155: 4748: 4515: 4149: 3444: 3291:"Swimming improves mental health | How swimming eases the mind" 3092:. Department of Health, State Government of Victoria, Australia 4391: 3059:. Fina. 23 September 2009. "SW12.1" and "12.2". Archived from 2987:"FINA Announces Another Rules Change to Breaststroke Pullouts" 2458:"FINA announces another rules change to breaststroke pullouts" 380:. The world's first women's swimming championship was held in 1095:

Swimmers must go around the yellow marked to count as a "lap"

615:

takeovers. The pool must have a minimum depth of two metres.

307:

was holding regular swimming competitions in six artificial

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medley relay from the record listings occurred in 1952.

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Start of the 4 × 100 meters men's relay during the

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Escalante, Yolanda; Saavedra, Jose M. (30 May 2012).

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Archived from 593:long course swimming pool standard, used at the 3220:"Chapter 2 - 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines" 2755:Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 1339:Mixed relays (teams of two men and two women): 1058:which can cause the stroke efficiency to drop. 387:Men's swimming became part of the first modern 4341:Central American & Caribbean Championships 1364:— denotes instances that cannot be determined 37:"Swimmer" redirects here. For other uses, see 5167: 4760: 4527: 4161: 3456: 3408:"How to Fix and Prevent Breaststroker's Knee" 1214:pools as the official world record listings. 8: 2405:"Results of the French team in Rijeka, 2008" 46: 3406:Poirier-Leroy, Olivier (3 September 2016). 5174: 5160: 5152: 4767: 4753: 4745: 4534: 4520: 4512: 4168: 4154: 4146: 3849: 3484: 3463: 3449: 3441: 2501:"Swimming 101: Olympic competition format" 2101:Lockard, Greg (2019). Hallam, Barb (ed.). 552:set world records of 44.94 seconds in the 45: 2766: 2165: 2112:National Collegiate Athletic Association 2077:"USA Swimming - Rules & Regulations" 1366: 639: 520:two distances: 200 and 400 meters. Some 2935:"Start track piscine castiglione 1.jpg" 2749:Sharp, RL; Costill, DL (October 1989). 2331:"Overview of history of swimming pools" 2017: 637:In a ten lane pool this is as follows: 607:pools must be 50 metres (160 ft) ( 3080: 3078: 3033:. Fina.org. 3 May 2010. Archived from 2026:"Most Mentioned Olympic Sport in 2004" 1104:tear easily if not handled carefully. 2937:. Piscine Castiglione. Archived from 2823:"2014-15 Arena Pro Swim Series Rules" 2724:"Why do swimmers shave their bodies?" 2353:"Why do swimmers shave their bodies?" 2295: 2293: 2273:"The History of Competitive Swimming" 1369: 548:in Rijeka, Croatia. Technical-suited 401:Fédération Internationale de Natation 7: 5522: 618:Other pools which host events under 4401:European Short Course Championships 3437:– the international governing body. 2246:International Swimming Hall of Fame 546:European Short Course Championships 3195:"Fun and Healthy at the Same Time" 3169:"Swimming Your Way to Good Health" 25: 3435:International Swimming Federation 3254:. 21 October 2011. Archived from 3193:Shoenberger, Linda (4 May 2011). 3167:Whetstone, Muriel (1 July 1996). 3141:Maynard, Kate (1 December 2004). 2456:Keith, Braden (2 December 2014). 1971:List of world records in swimming 1941:FINA World Aquatics Championships 334:, in 1875 and 1911, respectively. 199:, with varied distance events in 5521: 5512: 5511: 4775: 4296: 3910: 3530: 3118:. 30 August 2013. Archived from 2768:10.1249/00005768-198910000-00013 1062:Elite and international swimming 1016:There was controversy after the 52: 4336:Caribbean Islands Championships 3057:"FINA Swimming Rules 2009-2013" 2615:Coach Suzanne (28 April 2012). 2558:"FINA Swimming Rules 2009-2013" 2532:"FINA Swimming Rules 2009-2013" 1986:Swimming at the Summer Olympics 1173:was developed by the 1950s and 468:International Olympic Committee 3275:. 6 March 2010. Archived from 2960:Allain, Rhett (28 July 2012). 2640:"Sucking Wind (In a Good Way)" 2485:. 18 June 2010. Archived from 2192:. 4 March 2012. Archived from 357:was the first man to swim the 1: 4477:International Swimming League 4406:European Junior Championships 3031:"FINA World Record Rule 12.6" 417:List of swimming competitions 4346:South American Championships 4288:African Junior Championships 3086:"Swimming - health benefits" 2791:"FINA World Cup Regulations" 1345:4×100 m mixed freestyle 1072:World Aquatics Championships 982:of U.S. walks wearing men's 589:A simplified diagram of the 455:Swimming is an event at the 330:and T.W. Burgess across the 317:Amateur Swimming Association 260:. Detail from a painting by 5183:Water sports and activities 4421:European Para Championships 4411:European U-23 Championships 4008:Radio-controlled car racing 2885:"USA Swimming – Open Water" 2728:Adventure.howstuffworks.com 2190:"Early History of Swimming" 1341:4×50 m mixed freestyle 1319:4×50 m freestyle relay 5594: 3663:Mountain bike orienteering 3007:. Fina.org. Archived from 2381:. Fina.org. Archived from 1897: 1372: 822: 581:Olympic-size swimming pool 578: 414: 395:. In 1902, the Australian 242: 36: 29: 5507: 5129: 4543:World records in swimming 4500: 4487:Pan Pacific Championships 4294: 4184: 4130: 3987:Offshore powerboat racing 3939:Motorcycle chariot racing 3908: 3528: 2584:"FINA General Rules 2013" 2515:"Competition Regulations" 2150:10.2478/v10078-012-0018-4 2138:Journal of Human Kinetics 1870: 1850: 1836: 1816: 1812: 1799: 1781: 1777: 1762: 1746: 1734: 1713: 1693: 1602: 1559: 1501: 1497: 1462: 1426: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1353:4×100 m mixed medley 1204:world records in swimming 305:National Swimming Society 187:is an individual or team 51: 3982:Inshore powerboat racing 2692:"FINA Approved Swimwear" 2619:. Steelcityendurance.com 1360:Historical breakthroughs 1349:4×50 m mixed medley 1331:4×50 m medley relay 966:for leisure activities. 39:Swimmer (disambiguation) 4724:4 × 200 freestyle relay 4719:4 × 100 freestyle relay 4135:List of forms of racing 3502:Middle-distance running 3343:"Dementia and Swimming" 3116:Betterhealth.vic.gov.au 1961:List of swimming styles 1177:were first used in the 1009:. Males generally swim 873:Goggles keep water and 5433:Outrigger canoe racing 4714:4 × 50 freestyle relay 4396:European Championships 4258:Achievements by nation 3977:Jet sprint boat racing 2796:. FINA. Archived from 2589:. FINA. Archived from 1909: 1327:4×200 m freestyle 1323:4×100 m freestyle 1150: 1096: 998: 978:Olympic gold medalist 841: 819:Swimwear and equipment 601: 452: 447:Olympic gold medalist 429: 335: 265: 139:Country or region 5553:Summer Olympic sports 5443:Synchronized swimming 5141:Winter Olympic sports 5069:Greco-Roman wrestling 4781:Summer Olympic sports 4441:Oceania Championships 4278:African Championships 3580:Cross country running 3507:Long-distance running 3090:Better Health Channel 1996:U.S. Masters Swimming 1981:Synchronized swimming 1907: 1351:(short course only), 1343:(short course only), 1333:(short course only), 1321:(short course only), 1307:(short course only), 1144: 1094: 1018:Beijing Olympic Games 977: 832: 588: 579:Further information: 446: 424: 405:1922 Women's Olympiad 325: 252: 5080:Discretionary sports 4734:4 × 100 medley relay 4074:Cross-country skiing 4048:Slalom skateboarding 3731:Mountain bike racing 3382:"Swimmer's Shoulder" 2212:Tidalwave.usswim.net 2030:www.topendsports.com 1991:Swimwear and hygiene 1966:List of water sports 1347:(long course only), 1167:1936 Summer Olympics 1163:1924 Summer Olympics 1115:Changes to the sport 834:Australian Swim Team 825:Competitive swimwear 736:In club swimming in 457:Summer Olympic Games 411:Competitive swimming 326:The routes taken by 256:swimming across the 60:2008 Summer Olympics 5438:Synchronized diving 5248:Activities on water 5191:Activities in water 5064:Freestyle wrestling 4960:Rhythmic gymnastics 4955:Artistic gymnastics 4729:4 × 50 medley relay 4482:Mediterranean Games 4371:Asian Championships 4201:World Championships 3882:Pickup truck racing 3817:Paralympic swimming 3807:Open water swimming 3716:Road bicycle racing 3261:on 21 October 2011. 2644:US Masters Swimming 2520:. 21 February 2023. 2311:on 12 December 2022 2218:on 28 December 2013 2121:on 27 October 2017. 2081:www.usaswimming.org 1710:Federica Pellegrini 1335:4×100 m medley 1303:Individual medley: 1087:Open-water swimming 789:Inspectors of turns 642: 595:World Championships 484:open water swimming 344:John Arthur Trudgen 245:History of swimming 160:World Championships 108:Team or individuals 73:governing body 48: 5428:Dragon boat racing 4472:Commonwealth Games 4462:Arab Championships 4351:Pan American Games 4098:Multi-sport racing 3897:Touring car racing 3683:Canoe orienteering 3678:Radio orienteering 3673:Trail orienteering 3386:physioworks.com.au 3122:on 15 October 2015 2993:. 2 December 2014. 2704:on 21 October 2012 2483:"Facilities Rules" 2407:. Swimrankings.net 2333:. Swimmingpool.com 1910: 1513:Johnny Weissmuller 1355:(long course only) 1198:The foundation of 1151: 1097: 999: 995:one-piece swimsuit 842: 640: 605:World Championship 602: 453: 430: 336: 266: 84:First competitions 5563:Individual sports 5535: 5534: 5484:Modern pentathlon 5149: 5148: 5137:Paralympic sports 4982:Modern pentathlon 4810:Marathon Swimming 4742: 4741: 4678:Individual medley 4509: 4508: 4143: 4142: 4026: 4025: 3972:Hydroplane racing 3921:Motorcycle racing 3887:Sports car racing 3812:Marathon swimming 3693:Mountain marathon 3658:Foot orienteering 3644: 3643: 3037:on 16 August 2012 3011:on 15 August 2012 2664:Laughlin, Terry. 1951:Georgian swimming 1900:Swimming injuries 1874: 1873: 1794:Vladimir Salnikov 1757:Vladimir Salnikov 1556:Christiane Knacke 1136:electronic timing 717: 716: 575:Competition pools 217:individual medley 182: 181: 27:Water-based sport 16:(Redirected from 5585: 5525: 5524: 5515: 5514: 5463:Water volleyball 5453:Water basketball 5176: 5169: 5162: 5153: 5047:Beach volleyball 4788:Mandatory sports 4779: 4769: 4762: 4755: 4746: 4536: 4529: 4522: 4513: 4300: 4248:Paralympic Games 4170: 4163: 4156: 4147: 4105:Adventure racing 3967:Drag boat racing 3959:Motorboat racing 3914: 3892:Stock car racing 3850: 3774:Greyhound racing 3698:Car orienteering 3668:Ski orienteering 3631:Snowshoe running 3626:Backward running 3585:Mountain running 3573:Off-road running 3534: 3485: 3465: 3458: 3451: 3442: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3403: 3397: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3364: 3358: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3323:. 19 August 2016 3313: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3279:on 6 March 2010. 3269: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3249: 3241: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3199:Masters Swimming 3190: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3164: 3158: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3082: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3001: 2995: 2994: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2931: 2925: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2910:"Swimming Block" 2906: 2900: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2855: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2839:on 18 April 2015 2838: 2832:. Archived from 2827: 2819: 2813: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2802: 2795: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2770: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2703: 2697:. Archived from 2696: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2672:. Active Network 2661: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2596:on 26 April 2015 2595: 2588: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2554: 2548: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2528: 2522: 2521: 2519: 2511: 2505: 2504: 2497: 2491: 2490: 2489:on 18 June 2010. 2479: 2473: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2453: 2447: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2433:. Archived from 2427:"SW 8 Butterfly" 2423: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2401: 2395: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2379:"Swimming Rules" 2375: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2349: 2343: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2327: 2321: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2307:. Archived from 2297: 2288: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2268: 2262: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2252:on 23 April 2021 2248:. Archived from 2234: 2228: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2214:. 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Archived from 2109: 2098: 2092: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2073: 2067: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2057:. 10 August 2016 2047: 2041: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2022: 1976:Sports nutrition 1855: 1821: 1786: 1775:Mireia Belmonte 1711: 1683:Mireia Belmonte 1647: 1598: 1557: 1550: 1540: 1533: 1532:Natalie Coughlin 1526: 1514: 1489: 1434: 1367: 1042:Use of drag wear 795:Judges of Stroke 643: 56: 49: 21: 5593: 5592: 5588: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5583: 5582: 5568:Athletic sports 5538: 5537: 5536: 5531: 5503: 5467: 5404: 5242: 5185: 5180: 5150: 5145: 5125: 5075: 4891:Mountain biking 4783: 4773: 4743: 4738: 4700: 4672: 4644: 4616: 4588: 4545: 4540: 4510: 4505: 4496: 4450: 4425: 4380: 4355: 4301: 4292: 4262: 4180: 4174: 4144: 4139: 4126: 4093: 4079:Snowboard cross 4057: 4022: 4013:Slot car racing 3991: 3953: 3915: 3906: 3877:Off-road racing 3839: 3821: 3793: 3789:Sled dog racing 3755: 3702: 3640: 3604: 3568: 3535: 3526: 3474: 3469: 3431: 3426: 3416: 3414: 3405: 3404: 3400: 3390: 3388: 3380: 3379: 3375: 3366: 3365: 3361: 3351: 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5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5252: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5240: 5238:Water aerobics 5235: 5234: 5233: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5212: 5211: 5201: 5195: 5193: 5187: 5186: 5181: 5179: 5178: 5171: 5164: 5156: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5143: 5130: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5089: 5083: 5081: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5073: 5072: 5071: 5066: 5056: 5051: 5050: 5049: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5012:Sport climbing 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4968: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4926: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4905: 4904: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4873: 4872: 4871: 4866: 4856: 4851: 4850: 4849: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4823: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4791: 4789: 4785: 4784: 4774: 4772: 4771: 4764: 4757: 4749: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4710: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4682: 4680: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4654: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4626: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4615: 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3999: 3997: 3993: 3992: 3990: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3963: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3925: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3867:Formula racing 3864: 3858: 3856: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3837: 3835:Speed climbing 3831: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3803: 3801: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3765: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3753: 3751:Cycle speedway 3748: 3743: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3712: 3710: 3708:Bicycle racing 3704: 3703: 3701: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3654: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3612: 3610: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3569: 3567: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3545: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3493: 3491: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3470: 3468: 3467: 3460: 3453: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3430: 3429:External links 3427: 3425: 3424: 3398: 3373: 3359: 3334: 3308: 3297:. 11 July 2016 3282: 3264: 3236: 3211: 3185: 3159: 3133: 3103: 3074: 3048: 3022: 3005:"FINA History" 2996: 2978: 2952: 2941:on 5 June 2013 2926: 2901: 2876: 2865:. 17 June 2015 2850: 2814: 2782: 2741: 2730:. 14 July 2010 2715: 2683: 2656: 2630: 2607: 2575: 2549: 2523: 2506: 2492: 2474: 2448: 2418: 2396: 2385:on 6 July 2013 2370: 2359:. 14 July 2010 2344: 2322: 2305:World Aquatics 2289: 2277:Livestrong.Com 2263: 2238:"John Trudgen" 2229: 2199: 2181: 2124: 2093: 2068: 2042: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2008: 2003: 2001:Water aerobics 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1898:Main article: 1895: 1892: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1871: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1856: 1848: 1847: 1846:United States 1842: 1837: 1835: 1834:United States 1830: 1825: 1822: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1801: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1790: 1787: 1779: 1778: 1776: 1771: 1768: 1764: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1753: 1750: 1744: 1743: 1740: 1735: 1733: 1732:Lindsay Benko 1728: 1725: 1721: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1705: 1700: 1697: 1691: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1641: 1638: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1606: 1600: 1599: 1597:Jenny Thompson 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1551: 1544: 1541: 1534: 1527: 1520: 1515: 1508: 1505: 1499: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1488:Emma Igelström 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1454:Jessica Hardy 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1430: 1424: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1375: 1374: 1371: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1356: 1337: 1315: 1301: 1287: 1275:Breaststroke: 1273: 1259: 1195: 1192: 1116: 1113: 1088: 1085: 1079: 1076: 1063: 1060: 1043: 1040: 1030: 1027: 971: 968: 946: 943: 942: 941: 937: 932: 928: 925: 921: 916: 912: 907: 900: 895: 891: 886: 883: 878: 871: 865: 864: 861: 856: 848: 823:Main article: 820: 817: 753: 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5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5423:Dinghy racing 5421: 5419: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5407: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5328:Riverboarding 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5312: 5309: 5308: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5245: 5239: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5228: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5177: 5172: 5170: 5165: 5163: 5158: 5157: 5154: 5142: 5138: 5135: 5132: 5131: 5128: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5106:Flag football 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5078: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5054:Weightlifting 5052: 5048: 5045: 5044: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5007:Skateboarding 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4952: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4910: 4909: 4906: 4902: 4901:Track cycling 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4886:Freestyle BMX 4884: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4877: 4874: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4861: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4848: 4845: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4797: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4770: 4765: 4763: 4758: 4756: 4751: 4750: 4747: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4675: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4647: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4619: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4591: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4537: 4532: 4530: 4525: 4523: 4518: 4517: 4514: 4504: 4499: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4459: 4457: 4455:International 4453: 4447: 4446:Pacific Games 4444: 4442: 4438: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4428: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4393: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4383: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4368: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4314: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4304: 4299: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4283:African Games 4281: 4279: 4275: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4265: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4203: 4202: 4199: 4195: 4192: 4191: 4190: 4189:Olympic Games 4187: 4186: 4183: 4179: 4171: 4166: 4164: 4159: 4157: 4152: 4151: 4148: 4136: 4133: 4132: 4129: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4096: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4084:Speed skating 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4069:Alpine skiing 4067: 4066: 4064: 4062:Winter racing 4060: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4019: 4018:Street racing 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 4000: 3998: 3994: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3956: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3913: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3842: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3824: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3784:Pigeon racing 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3761:Animal racing 3758: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3737: 3736:Track cycling 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3726:Gravel racing 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3705: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3616:Tower running 3614: 3613: 3611: 3607: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3595:Trail running 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3571: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3559:Ultramarathon 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3549:Half marathon 3547: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3538: 3533: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3489:Track running 3486: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3466: 3461: 3459: 3454: 3452: 3447: 3446: 3443: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3413: 3409: 3402: 3399: 3387: 3383: 3377: 3374: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3348: 3344: 3338: 3335: 3322: 3318: 3312: 3309: 3296: 3292: 3286: 3283: 3278: 3274: 3268: 3265: 3257: 3253: 3246: 3240: 3237: 3225: 3221: 3215: 3212: 3200: 3196: 3189: 3186: 3174: 3170: 3163: 3160: 3148: 3144: 3143:"In The Swim" 3137: 3134: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3107: 3104: 3091: 3087: 3081: 3079: 3075: 3062: 3058: 3052: 3049: 3036: 3032: 3026: 3023: 3010: 3006: 3000: 2997: 2992: 2988: 2982: 2979: 2967: 2963: 2956: 2953: 2940: 2936: 2930: 2927: 2915: 2911: 2905: 2902: 2890: 2886: 2880: 2877: 2864: 2860: 2854: 2851: 2835: 2831: 2824: 2818: 2815: 2799: 2792: 2786: 2783: 2778: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2761:(5): 576–80. 2760: 2756: 2752: 2745: 2742: 2729: 2725: 2719: 2716: 2700: 2693: 2687: 2684: 2671: 2667: 2660: 2657: 2645: 2641: 2634: 2631: 2618: 2611: 2608: 2592: 2585: 2579: 2576: 2563: 2559: 2553: 2550: 2537: 2533: 2527: 2524: 2516: 2510: 2507: 2502: 2496: 2493: 2488: 2484: 2478: 2475: 2463: 2459: 2452: 2449: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2422: 2419: 2406: 2400: 2397: 2384: 2380: 2374: 2371: 2358: 2357:HowStuffWorks 2354: 2348: 2345: 2332: 2326: 2323: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2278: 2274: 2271:Lisa Porter. 2267: 2264: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2233: 2230: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2203: 2200: 2195: 2191: 2185: 2182: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2144:(2012): 5–7. 2143: 2139: 2135: 2128: 2125: 2117: 2113: 2106: 2105: 2097: 2094: 2082: 2078: 2072: 2069: 2056: 2052: 2046: 2043: 2031: 2027: 2021: 2018: 2012: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1946:Free Colchian 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1906: 1901: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1876: 1868:East Germany 1865: 1863:United States 1860: 1857: 1849: 1843: 1841:United States 1838: 1831: 1829:United States 1826: 1823: 1815: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1802: 1796: 1791: 1788: 1780: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1759: 1754: 1751: 1745: 1741: 1736: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1722: 1718: 1715: 1706: 1701: 1698: 1692: 1688: 1685: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1642: 1639: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1607: 1601: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1552: 1545: 1542: 1539:Roman Sludnov 1535: 1528: 1525:Thompson Mann 1521: 1516: 1509: 1506: 1500: 1494: 1491: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1459: 1456: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1431: 1429:under 30 sec 1425: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1376: 1368: 1365: 1359: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1219:Olympic Games 1215: 1211: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1182: 1180: 1179:1976 Olympics 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1157: 1148: 1143: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1132:1912 Olympics 1129: 1128:1908 Olympics 1125: 1124:1904 Olympics 1120: 1114: 1112: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1093: 1086: 1084: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1068:Olympic Games 1061: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1048: 1041: 1039: 1037: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1019: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1004: 996: 993: 989: 988:Hayley Palmer 985: 981: 976: 969: 967: 964: 960: 956: 952: 944: 938: 936: 933: 929: 926: 922: 920: 917: 913: 911: 908: 905: 901: 899: 896: 892: 890: 887: 884: 882: 879: 876: 872: 870: 867: 866: 862: 860: 857: 854: 849: 847: 844: 843: 839: 835: 831: 826: 818: 816: 812: 809: 804: 802: 801:Finish judges 798: 796: 792: 790: 786: 784: 780: 778: 774: 772: 768: 765: 761: 757: 751: 749: 745: 741: 739: 734: 730: 726: 719: 712: 709: 708: 704: 701: 700: 696: 693: 692: 688: 685: 684: 680: 677: 676: 672: 669: 668: 664: 661: 660: 656: 653: 652: 648: 645: 644: 641:Lane Seeding 638: 635: 631: 629: 628:World records 625: 621: 616: 614: 610: 606: 600: 596: 592: 587: 582: 574: 572: 570: 566: 561: 557: 555: 551: 547: 542: 540: 535: 534:David Berkoff 527: 525: 523: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 496: 495: 489: 487: 485: 477: 475: 473: 469: 464: 462: 458: 450: 445: 441: 439: 434: 427: 426:Katie Ledecky 423: 418: 410: 408: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 389:Olympic Games 385: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 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3779:Horse racing 3769:Camel racing 3650:Orienteering 3590:Fell running 3541:Road running 3522:Steeplechase 3415:. 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