58:
611:
82:
623:
307:
519:
530:
1475:"Comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of all species of swordtails and platies (Pisces: Genus Xiphophorus) uncovers a hybrid origin of a swordtail fish, Xiphophorus monticolus, and demonstrates that the sexually selected sword originated in the ancestral lineage of the genus, but was lost again secondarily"
1292:
pigmentation has been investigated since the 1920s using classical genetics techniques such as crosses. As a result, inheritance patterns of many traits have been described. More recently, researchers have identified specific genes and even mutations causing pigment pattern variation (for instance, a
425:
species, but the localized species are mostly (though not entirely) separated from each other, even when they are restricted to the same river basin. This includes three restricted species in the Rio Grande basin (all fully separated), nine restricted species in the
1266:
provided some early evidence that recombination controlled patterns of ancestry in hybrid genomes. An interesting consequence of hybridization is the origin of spontaneous melanoma in hybrids. For example, in the well-studied Gordon-Kosswig cross between
712:
basin, marked with a star* in the list), southern swordtails (southern Mexico to
Honduras) and the platies. The common names given to individual species in this genus do not always reflect their actual relationships; for example, the marbled swordtail
601:
In captivity, they will coexist with many other fish species, although in an aquarium with too many males and not enough females, fighting can ensue between males of the same species. They can also easily jump out of an inadequately covered aquarium.
1986:
Powell, Daniel L.; GarcĂa-OlazĂĄbal, Mateo; Keegan, Mackenzie; Reilly, Patrick; Du, Kang; DĂaz-Loyo, Alejandra P.; Banerjee, Shreya; Blakkan, Danielle; Reich, David; Andolfatto, Peter; Rosenthal, Gil G.; Schartl, Manfred; Schumer, Molly (2020-05-15).
1920:
Schumer, Molly; Xu, Chenling; Powell, Daniel L.; Durvasula, Arun; Skov, Laurits; Holland, Chris; Blazier, John C.; Sankararaman, Sriram; Andolfatto, Peter; Rosenthal, Gil G.; Przeworski, Molly (2018-05-11).
265:
species can be divided into 3 groups based on their evolutionary relationships: platyfish (or platies), northern swordtails, and southern swordtails. Platyfish formerly were classified in another genus,
381:
outside their native range (in Mexico, Central
America, and other continents) where they sometimes become invasive and outcompete and endanger native species, including other, more localized members of
598:, that can adjust to a wide range of conditions within the aquarium. Unlike some species, these are almost always offered as captive bred individuals due to the ease of breeding these livebearers.
2156:
Dodge, Tristram O.; Kim, Bernard Y.; Baczenas, John J.; Banerjee, Shreya M.; Gunn, Theresa R.; Donny, Alex E.; Given, Lyle A.; Rice, Andreas R.; Cox, Sophia K. Haase (2024-05-14),
1881:
Banerjee, Shreya M; Powell, Daniel L; Moran, Benjamin M; RamĂrez-Duarte, Wilson F; Langdon, Quinn K; Gunn, Theresa R; Vazquez, Gaby; Rochman, Chelsea; Schumer, Molly (2023-02-08).
1650:
1307:
species for their sexually selected ornaments (e.g. caudal fin "swords"). More recent studies have focused on male ornamentation, courtship strategies, and female mate choice.
563:,. Xiphophorus have proved a useful model to understand the consequences of hybridization, especially in the context of melanoma research since the 1920s. The Xiphophorus
2411:
438:
2450:
505:, including the rare species, have captive populations that are maintained as "insurance" populations at breeding centers and by dedicated private aquarists.
2529:
298:
on the males. All are relatively small fishes, which reach a maximum length of 3.5â16 cm (1.4â6.3 in) depending on the exact species involved.
1388:
2385:
2424:
1672:
1321:
1608:
586:). In fact, these three species comprise one of the most prominent groups of aquarium species, being part of a group of extremely hardy
286:
that use internal fertilization and give birth to live young instead of laying eggs like the bulk of the world's fishes. The name
2486:
2534:
2524:
1349:
1398:
1363:
2429:
1317:
57:
2437:
1093:
2519:
2346:
2333:
1778:
Meyer M (1983). "Xiphophorus-Hybriden aus Nord-Mexiko, mit einer
Revision der Taxa X. kosszanderi und IIIX. roseni".
81:
984:
610:
2455:
962:
1238:
1032:
568:
1176:
773:
1259:
1134:
998:
976:
949:
936:
904:
865:
796:
618:
have the proportionally longest tail "sword" among the swordtails, but as in all species the females lack it
1428:
2273:
1102:
1087:
917:
834:
768:
749:
2053:
1069:
442:
2351:
2159:
Complex structural variation and behavioral interactions underpin a balanced sexual mimicry polymorphism
1651:"Preserving Xiphophorus couchianus in the Home Aquarium, Part I: Sad History & Unanswered Questions"
1232:
1199:
1152:
1007:
990:
968:
927:
857:
788:
782:
1676:
891:
1748:
1208:
1204:
1143:
1139:
1074:
1050:
994:
972:
945:
941:
900:
896:
879:
861:
839:
792:
574:
In addition, several species are commonly kept by aquarium hobbyists, especially the green swordtail (
2539:
2514:
2491:
2465:
2320:
2101:"The Genetics of a Viviparous Top-Minnow Platypoecilus; the Inheritance of Two Kinds of Melanophores"
2000:
1934:
1552:
1541:"Hybrid origin of a swordtail species (Teleostei: Xiphophorus clemenciae) driven by sexual selection"
1486:
1384:
1345:
1217:
1172:
1078:
1022:
953:
908:
883:
851:
843:
820:
759:
735:
564:
38:
1185:
1125:
1116:
825:
805:
693:). Contemporary hybridization in the wild was thought to be uncommon in this genus until recently.
615:
490:
478:
462:
431:
311:
191:
170:
31:
1576:
1268:
1167:
1121:
1041:
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539:
498:
458:
450:
413:
378:
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362:
258:
212:
133:
76:
755:
696:
Although traditionally divided into swordtails and platies, this separation is not supported by
2473:
2416:
2359:
2230:
2222:
2157:
2138:
2120:
2081:
2073:
2034:
2016:
1968:
1950:
1902:
1863:
1814:
1729:
1604:
1568:
1514:
1393:
1358:
1158:
874:
646:
591:
481:, and thus only survive in captivity. In addition to those, Mexican authorities recognize the
470:
407:
398:
225:
2311:
2100:
1627:
1293:
spot allowing males to mimic females) and investigated selective mechanisms on these traits.
657:, are recognized by FishBase, but not by all other authorities, as the first appears to be a
649:(ancestors of both are a platy species and a swordtail species). Two other proposed species,
2478:
2214:
2163:
2128:
2112:
2065:
2054:"Evolutionary Origin and Molecular Biology of the Melanoma-Inducing Oncogene of Xiphophorus"
2024:
2008:
1958:
1942:
1894:
1853:
1845:
1806:
1719:
1711:
1560:
1504:
1494:
1223:
658:
560:
482:
1989:"Natural hybridization reveals incompatible alleles that cause melanoma in swordtail fish"
1797:
Kallman, K.D.; S. Kazianis (2006). "The genus
Xiphophorus in Mexico and Central America".
1274:
1190:
1107:
1046:
1013:
811:
740:
704:
compared with the platies. These studies suggest that the genus can be divided into three
354:
334:
basin in Mexico, through eastern drainages in the country (river basins draining into the
279:
255:
65:
1923:"Natural selection interacts with recombination to shape the evolution of hybrid genomes"
709:
427:
2004:
1938:
1556:
1540:
1490:
717:) is actually in the platy group based on its genetics while the short-sword platyfish (
2133:
2069:
2029:
1988:
1963:
1922:
1858:
1724:
1699:
1509:
1474:
1300:
622:
377:). These three are the only species that have large native ranges. They have also been
335:
291:
123:
2202:
1673:"Hybrid Crosses : Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center : Texas State University"
2508:
1883:"Complex hybridization between deeply diverged fish species in a disturbed ecosystem"
1715:
1564:
1424:
2325:
306:
2338:
705:
701:
697:
271:
179:
2364:
1580:
2442:
2398:
2305:
2116:
587:
283:
251:
143:
518:
2167:
331:
319:
247:
153:
2296:
2226:
2124:
2077:
2020:
1954:
1906:
1898:
2372:
2012:
1946:
1834:"Two new hybrid populations expand the swordtail hybridization model system"
1499:
421:
species not found in Mexico at all. In many locations there are two or more
339:
93:
30:
This article is about the fish genus. For the free software foundation, see
2234:
2142:
2052:
Schartl, Angelika; Dimitrijevic, Nicola; Schartl, Manfred (December 1994).
2038:
1972:
1867:
1818:
1810:
1733:
1572:
1518:
2218:
2085:
2290:
1882:
1437:
1280:
1279:, hybrids develop spontaneous melanoma due to an interaction between the
634:
556:
422:
394:
347:
295:
113:
17:
529:
2390:
1780:
Zoologische
Abhendlungen Steatliche Naturhistorische Sommlungen Dresden
2251:
1849:
633:
There are currently 28 recognized species in this genus, according to
353:
Three species and their hybrids are common in the aquarium trade: the
2403:
343:
282:. Like most other new world Poeciliids, platies and swordtails are
103:
2267:
1833:
2377:
621:
609:
595:
305:
243:
1698:
Patton, E Elizabeth; Mitchell, David L; Nairn, Rodney S (2010).
1599:
Ceballos, G.; E.D. Pardo; L.M Estévez; H.E. Pérez, eds. (2016).
2271:
1622:
1620:
2261:
2256:
2201:
Rosenthal, Gil G.; De LeĂłn, Francisco J. GarcĂa (March 2006).
1213:â often not recognized as a valid species, as likely a hybrid
1148:â often not recognized as a valid species, as likely a hybrid
430:
basin (mostly separated) and three restricted species in the
571:
in 1939, is an important source of these fish for research.
1601:
Los peces dulceacuĂcolas de MĂ©xico en peligro de extinciĂłn
559:
studies, and scientists have developed many interspecific
294:
words ÎŸÎŻÏÎżÏ (dagger) and ÏÏÏÎżÏ (bearer), referring to the
542:
showing some of the extreme variations achieved through
2203:"Sexual Behavior, Genes, and Evolution in Xiphophorus"
1473:
Kang, J.H.; M. Schartl; R.B. Walter; A. Meyer (2013).
1283:
xmrk and a repressor locus on a distinct chromosome.
417:, range outside Mexico and the last two are the only
2188:
THE DESCENT OF MAN, AND SELECTION IN RELATION TO SEX
397:
to Mexico. Only three of the localized species, the
2280:
1700:"Genetic and environmental melanoma models in fish"
1603:. Fondo de Cultura EconĂłmic. pp. 48, 279â284.
37:"Swordtail" redirects here. For the butterfly, see
1387:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
1348:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
1258:is a leading animal model systems in the study of
700:studies, which have shown that the swordtails are
261:, native to Mexico and northern Central America.
1594:
1592:
1590:
439:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1539:Meyer, A.; W. Salzburger; M. Schartl (2006).
8:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1468:
1262:between species. In particular, studies in
318:species that is restricted to the southern
2268:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1419:
1417:
1415:
56:
45:
2132:
2028:
1962:
1857:
1723:
1508:
1498:
708:groups: the northern swordtails (of the
626:One of the typical captive forms of the
1337:
1322:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
7:
2466:619ce57e-fc93-4a1b-ab94-2c32a9486526
1704:Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research
685:have not undergone speciation as in
302:Distribution and conservation status
250:and freshwater fishes in the family
645:, are likely the result of natural
2190:. London: William Clowes and Sons.
2070:10.1111/j.1600-0749.1994.tb00072.x
1628:"Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center"
1389:"Genera in the family Poeciliidae"
25:
2530:Taxa named by Johann Jakob Heckel
2252:xiphophorus genetic stock center
1716:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2010.00693.x
1565:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02810.x
528:
517:
393:are highly localized and mostly
330:species range from the southern
80:
721:) is closer to the swordtails.
1747:Edmond, Adam (11 March 2017).
1399:California Academy of Sciences
1364:California Academy of Sciences
555:species are regularly used in
1:
1649:Coletti, T. (December 2007).
958:(southern mountain swordtail)
270:, which is now obsolete. The
2099:Gordon, Myron (1927-05-01).
1749:"Swordtail Fish Care Guide"
582:), and variable platyfish (
2556:
985:Xiphophorus nezahualcoyotl
434:basin (mostly separated).
36:
29:
2168:10.1101/2024.05.13.594052
2117:10.1093/genetics/12.3.253
1441:. September 2018 version.
963:Xiphophorus multilineatus
669:, and the second between
218:
211:
204:
199:
185:
178:
77:Scientific classification
75:
64:
55:
48:
2186:Darwin, Charles (1871).
1630:. Texas State University
1479:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1427:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
637:. Two of these species,
2013:10.1126/science.aba5216
1947:10.1126/science.aar3684
1832:Powell, Daniel (2021).
1500:10.1186/1471-2148-13-25
1135:Xiphophorus kosszanderi
801:(short-sword platyfish)
578:), southern platyfish (
2535:Ray-finned fish genera
2525:Freshwater fish genera
1899:10.1093/evolut/qpad019
1811:10.1089/zeb.2006.3.271
1088:Xiphophorus couchianus
937:Xiphophorus monticolus
918:Xiphophorus montezumae
769:Xiphophorus clemenciae
764:(sheepshead swordtail)
750:Xiphophorus birchmanni
630:
619:
323:
2219:10.1089/zeb.2006.3.85
2058:Pigment Cell Research
1385:Eschmeyer, William N.
1346:Eschmeyer, William N.
1243:(swordtail platyfish)
1233:Xiphophorus xiphidium
1153:Xiphophorus maculatus
1098:(Monterrey platyfish)
1083:(spiketail platyfish)
1008:Xiphophorus nigrensis
932:(Montezuma swordtail)
783:Xiphophorus continens
625:
613:
389:All other species of
309:
1299:: Researchers since
1228:(variable platyfish)
1218:Xiphophorus variatus
1195:(Catemaco platyfish)
1163:(southern platyfish)
1130:(northern platyfish)
1103:Xiphophorus evelynae
1023:Xiphophorus pygmaeus
1003:(mountain swordtail)
870:(highland swordtail)
852:Xiphophorus malinche
835:Xiphophorus kallmani
821:Xiphophorus hellerii
816:(delicate swordtail)
736:Xiphophorus alvarezi
606:Species and taxonomy
590:fish, alongside the
565:Genetic stock center
322:basin and threatened
187:Xiphophorus hellerii
70:Xiphophorus hellerii
39:Graphium (butterfly)
2005:2020Sci...368..731P
1939:2018Sci...360..656S
1679:on October 23, 2014
1557:2006MolEc..15..721M
1491:2013BMCEE..13...25K
1186:Xiphophorus milleri
1181:(marbled swordtail)
1117:Xiphophorus gordoni
1070:Xiphophorus andersi
806:Xiphophorus cortezi
745:(Chiapas swordtail)
616:Montezuma swordtail
495:Xiphophorus milleri
479:Extinct in the wild
463:Monterrey platyfish
443:spiketail platyfish
432:Coatzacoalcos River
312:Monterrey platyfish
32:Xiph.Org Foundation
2520:Ovoviviparous fish
1753:The Aquarium Guide
1429:"Species in genus
1200:Xiphophorus roseni
1168:Xiphophorus meyeri
1112:(Puebla platyfish)
1042:Xiphophorus signum
1018:(Panuco swordtail)
778:(yellow swordtail)
631:
628:variable platyfish
620:
544:selective breeding
540:southern platyfish
491:Catemaco platyfish
451:northern platyfish
371:variable platyfish
363:southern platyfish
324:
259:Cyprinodontiformes
134:Cyprinodontiformes
2502:
2501:
2474:Open Tree of Life
2274:Taxon identifiers
1999:(6492): 731â736.
1933:(6389): 656â660.
1850:10.1111/evo.14337
1844:(10): 2524â2539.
1653:. tfhmagazine.com
1610:978-607-16-4087-1
1545:Molecular Ecology
1394:Catalog of Fishes
1359:Catalog of Fishes
1242:
1227:
1212:
1194:
1180:
1162:
1147:
1129:
1111:
1097:
1082:
1054:
1037:(pygmy swordtail)
1036:
1017:
1002:
980:
957:
931:
912:
892:Xiphophorus mixei
887:
875:Xiphophorus mayae
869:
847:
830:(green swordtail)
829:
815:
800:
777:
763:
744:
647:hybrid speciation
501:. Almost all the
471:marbled swordtail
441:(IUCN) lists the
399:Chiapas swordtail
290:derives from the
235:
234:
229:
174:
16:(Redirected from
2547:
2495:
2494:
2482:
2481:
2469:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2446:
2445:
2443:NHMSYS0021203033
2433:
2432:
2420:
2419:
2407:
2406:
2394:
2393:
2381:
2380:
2368:
2367:
2355:
2354:
2342:
2341:
2329:
2328:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2269:
2239:
2238:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2032:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1966:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1878:
1872:
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1861:
1829:
1823:
1822:
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1788:
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1761:
1759:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1727:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1675:. Archived from
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1624:
1615:
1614:
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1523:
1522:
1512:
1502:
1470:
1443:
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1410:
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1407:
1405:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1297:Sexual selection
1236:
1221:
1203:
1189:
1171:
1156:
1138:
1120:
1106:
1091:
1073:
1045:
1027:
1012:
989:
967:
940:
922:
913:(Mixe swordtail)
895:
878:
856:
838:
824:
810:
787:
772:
754:
739:
532:
521:
483:yellow swordtail
477:) are listed as
314:is one of three
224:
169:
85:
84:
60:
46:
21:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2546:
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2503:
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2472:
2464:
2462:
2454:
2449:
2441:
2436:
2428:
2423:
2415:
2410:
2402:
2397:
2389:
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2376:
2371:
2363:
2358:
2350:
2345:
2337:
2332:
2324:
2319:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2276:
2262:xiphophorus.net
2257:xiphophorus.org
2248:
2243:
2242:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2172:
2170:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2051:
2050:
2046:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1893:(4): 995â1005.
1880:
1879:
1875:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1777:
1776:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1746:
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1741:
1697:
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1648:
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1611:
1598:
1597:
1588:
1538:
1537:
1526:
1472:
1471:
1446:
1423:
1422:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1383:
1382:
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1368:
1366:
1344:
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1339:
1326:
1324:
1316:
1313:
1250:
608:
550:
549:
548:
547:
535:
534:
533:
524:
523:
522:
511:
355:green swordtail
338:), to northern
304:
280:green swordtail
195:
189:
168:
79:
66:Green swordtail
42:
35:
28:
27:Genus of fishes
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2553:
2551:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2507:
2506:
2500:
2499:
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2447:
2434:
2421:
2408:
2395:
2382:
2369:
2356:
2343:
2330:
2317:
2302:
2286:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2264:(Chinese ver.)
2259:
2254:
2247:
2246:External links
2244:
2241:
2240:
2193:
2178:
2148:
2111:(3): 253â283.
2091:
2064:(6): 428â432.
2044:
1978:
1912:
1873:
1824:
1805:(3): 271â285.
1789:
1765:
1739:
1710:(3): 314â337.
1690:
1664:
1641:
1616:
1609:
1586:
1551:(3): 721â730.
1524:
1444:
1425:Froese, Rainer
1411:
1376:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1312:
1309:
1253:Hybridization:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1229:
1214:
1196:
1182:
1164:
1149:
1131:
1126:W. L. Minckley
1113:
1099:
1084:
1056:
1055:
1038:
1019:
1004:
981:
959:
933:
914:
888:
871:
848:
831:
817:
802:
779:
765:
746:
679:X. kosszanderi
651:X. kosszanderi
607:
604:
537:
536:
527:
526:
525:
516:
515:
514:
513:
512:
510:
507:
336:Gulf of Mexico
303:
300:
233:
232:
231:
230:
216:
215:
209:
208:
202:
201:
197:
196:
190:
183:
182:
176:
175:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
124:Actinopterygii
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
73:
72:
62:
61:
53:
52:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2552:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2194:
2189:
2182:
2179:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1916:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1694:
1691:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1652:
1645:
1642:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1323:
1319:
1318:"Xiphophorus"
1315:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1303:have studied
1302:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1287:Pigmentation:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1265:
1261:
1260:hybridization
1257:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1061:Platypoecilus
1052:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1000:
996:
992:
991:Rauchengerger
987:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
969:Rauchengerger
965:
964:
960:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
938:
934:
929:
925:
920:
919:
915:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
876:
872:
867:
863:
859:
858:Rauchengerger
854:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
836:
832:
827:
823:
822:
818:
813:
808:
807:
803:
798:
794:
790:
789:Rauchengerger
785:
784:
780:
775:
771:
770:
766:
761:
757:
752:
751:
747:
742:
738:
737:
733:
732:
731:
730:
728:
722:
720:
716:
711:
707:
703:
699:
694:
692:
691:X. monticolus
688:
687:X. clemenciae
684:
680:
676:
675:X. couchianus
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
643:X. monticolus
640:
639:X. clemenciae
636:
629:
624:
617:
614:Males of the
612:
605:
603:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
567:, founded by
566:
562:
558:
554:
545:
541:
531:
520:
508:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
487:X. clemenciae
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
467:X. couchianus
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
424:
420:
416:
415:
410:
409:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
349:
346:and northern
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
321:
317:
313:
308:
301:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
268:Platypoecilus
264:
260:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:
227:
223:
222:Platypoecilus
220:
219:
217:
214:
210:
207:
203:
198:
193:
188:
184:
181:
177:
172:
167:
166:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
83:
78:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
51:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2281:
2213:(1): 85â90.
2210:
2206:
2196:
2187:
2181:
2171:, retrieved
2158:
2151:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2061:
2057:
2047:
1996:
1992:
1981:
1930:
1926:
1915:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1783:
1779:
1756:. Retrieved
1752:
1742:
1707:
1703:
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:the original
1667:
1657:23 September
1655:. Retrieved
1644:
1634:23 September
1632:. Retrieved
1600:
1548:
1544:
1482:
1478:
1436:
1430:
1402:. Retrieved
1392:
1379:
1367:. Retrieved
1357:
1351:
1340:
1325:. Retrieved
1304:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1275:
1270:X. maculatus
1269:
1263:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1231:
1216:
1198:
1184:
1166:
1151:
1133:
1122:R. R. Miller
1115:
1101:
1086:
1068:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1040:
1021:
1006:
983:
961:
935:
924:D. S. Jordan
916:
890:
873:
850:
833:
819:
804:
781:
767:
748:
734:
726:
725:Swordtails (
724:
723:
719:X. continens
718:
714:
710:PĂĄnuco River
706:monophyletic
702:paraphyletic
698:phylogenetic
695:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
667:X. xiphidium
666:
662:
654:
650:
642:
638:
632:
600:
583:
580:X. maculatus
579:
575:
573:
569:Myron Gordon
552:
551:
546:in captivity
502:
494:
486:
474:
466:
461:, while the
454:
446:
436:
428:PĂĄnuco River
418:
412:
406:
402:
390:
388:
383:
374:
367:X. maculatus
366:
358:
352:
327:
326:The various
325:
315:
287:
284:live-bearers
276:X. hellerii,
275:
272:type species
267:
262:
238:
237:
236:
221:
205:
186:
180:Type species
164:
163:
69:
49:
43:
2540:Poeciliidae
2515:Xiphophorus
2399:iNaturalist
2339:Xiphophorus
2326:Xiphophorus
2312:Xiphophorus
2306:Wikispecies
2282:Xiphophorus
1683:October 22,
1431:Xiphophorus
1352:Xiphophorus
1305:Xiphophorus
1290:Xiphophorus
1276:X. hellerii
1264:Xiphophorus
1256:Xiphophorus
1205:M. K. Meyer
1191:D. E. Rosen
1140:M. K. Meyer
1108:D. E. Rosen
1075:M. K. Meyer
1047:D. E. Rosen
1029:C. L. Hubbs
1014:D. E. Rosen
880:M. K. Meyer
840:M. K. Meyer
812:D. E. Rosen
741:D. E. Rosen
727:Xiphophorus
671:X. variatus
663:X. variatus
588:livebearing
584:X. variatus
553:Xiphophorus
503:Xiphophorus
419:Xiphophorus
403:X. alvarezi
391:Xiphophorus
384:Xiphophorus
375:X. variatus
359:X. hellerii
328:Xiphophorus
316:Xiphophorus
288:Xiphophorus
263:Xiphophorus
252:Poeciliidae
239:Xiphophorus
165:Xiphophorus
144:Poeciliidae
50:Xiphophorus
2509:Categories
2173:2024-05-30
1786:: 258â291.
1485:(25): 25.
1404:7 November
1369:7 November
1327:9 December
1311:References
576:X. helleri
509:Human uses
499:threatened
459:Endangered
455:X. gordoni
447:X. andersi
379:introduced
369:) and the
332:Rio Grande
320:Rio Grande
296:gonopodium
248:euryhaline
154:Poeciliini
2227:1545-8547
2207:Zebrafish
2125:1943-2631
2078:0893-5785
2021:0036-8075
1955:0036-8075
1907:0014-3820
1887:Evolution
1838:Evolution
1799:Zebrafish
1209:Wischnath
1144:Wischnath
1059:Platies (
715:X. meyeri
683:X. roseni
655:X. roseni
475:X. meyeri
423:sympatric
414:X. signum
340:Guatemala
206:See text
100:Kingdom:
94:Eukaryota
18:Swordtail
2291:Wikidata
2235:18248248
2143:17246524
2105:Genetics
2039:32409469
1973:29674434
1868:34460102
1819:18377209
1734:20230482
1573:16499697
1519:23360326
1438:FishBase
1281:oncogene
1248:Research
1177:Schröder
954:Kazianis
909:Kazianis
661:between
635:FishBase
408:X. mayae
348:Honduras
213:Synonyms
200:Species
140:Family:
114:Chordata
110:Phylum:
104:Animalia
90:Domain:
2417:1414351
2391:2350152
2297:Q132098
2134:1200943
2086:7761351
2030:8074799
2001:Bibcode
1993:Science
1964:6069607
1935:Bibcode
1927:Science
1859:8659863
1758:23 June
1725:2881310
1553:Bibcode
1510:3585855
1487:Bibcode
1241:, 1932)
1226:, 1904)
1173:Schartl
1161:, 1866)
1159:GĂŒnther
1096:, 1859)
1079:Schartl
1051:Kallman
999:Morizot
995:Kallman
977:Morizot
973:Kallman
950:Morizot
942:Kallman
905:Morizot
897:Kallman
884:Schartl
866:Morizot
862:Kallman
844:Schartl
797:Morizot
793:Kallman
774:Ălvarez
756:Lechner
561:hybrids
557:genetic
395:endemic
361:), the
226:GĂŒnther
160:Genus:
150:Tribe:
130:Order:
120:Class:
2492:271258
2479:416851
2463:NZOR:
2430:165919
2378:1XIPOG
2233:
2225:
2141:
2131:
2123:
2084:
2076:
2037:
2027:
2019:
1971:
1961:
1953:
1905:
1866:
1856:
1817:
1732:
1722:
1607:
1581:128413
1579:
1571:
1517:
1507:
1301:Darwin
1239:Gordon
1211:, 1981
1207:&
1193:, 1960
1179:, 1988
1175:&
1146:, 1981
1142:&
1128:, 1963
1124:&
1110:, 1960
1094:Girard
1081:, 1980
1077:&
1053:, 1969
1049:&
1035:, 1943
1033:Gordon
1031:&
1016:, 1960
1001:, 1990
997:&
979:, 1990
975:&
956:, 2004
952:&
946:Walter
930:, 1899
928:Snyder
926:&
911:, 2004
907:&
901:Walter
886:, 2002
882:&
868:, 1990
864:&
846:, 2003
842:&
828:, 1848
826:Heckel
814:, 1960
799:, 1990
795:&
776:, 1959
762:, 1987
758:&
743:, 1960
659:hybrid
489:) and
469:) and
449:) and
344:Belize
228:, 1866
194:, 1848
192:Heckel
173:, 1848
171:Heckel
2487:WoRMS
2412:IRMNG
2404:92883
2352:23585
1577:S2CID
760:Radda
596:guppy
592:molly
497:) as
457:) as
292:Greek
256:order
244:genus
242:is a
2456:8082
2451:NCBI
2425:ITIS
2386:GBIF
2373:EPPO
2365:89BV
2347:BOLD
2231:PMID
2223:ISSN
2139:PMID
2121:ISSN
2082:PMID
2074:ISSN
2035:PMID
2017:ISSN
1969:PMID
1951:ISSN
1903:ISSN
1864:PMID
1815:PMID
1760:2021
1730:PMID
1685:2014
1659:2018
1636:2018
1605:ISBN
1569:PMID
1515:PMID
1406:2019
1371:2019
1329:2004
1273:and
1224:Meek
689:and
681:and
673:and
665:and
653:and
641:and
594:and
538:Two
437:The
411:and
310:The
278:the
2438:NBN
2360:CoL
2334:AFD
2321:ADW
2215:doi
2164:doi
2129:PMC
2113:doi
2066:doi
2025:PMC
2009:doi
1997:368
1959:PMC
1943:doi
1931:360
1895:doi
1854:PMC
1846:doi
1807:doi
1720:PMC
1712:doi
1561:doi
1505:PMC
1495:doi
405:),
274:is
254:of
246:of
2511::
2489::
2476::
2453::
2440::
2427::
2414::
2401::
2388::
2375::
2362::
2349::
2336::
2323::
2308::
2293::
2229:.
2221:.
2209:.
2205:.
2162:,
2137:.
2127:.
2119:.
2109:12
2107:.
2103:.
2080:.
2072:.
2060:.
2056:.
2033:.
2023:.
2015:.
2007:.
1995:.
1991:.
1967:.
1957:.
1949:.
1941:.
1929:.
1925:.
1901:.
1891:77
1889:.
1885:.
1862:.
1852:.
1842:75
1840:.
1836:.
1813:.
1801:.
1784:38
1782:.
1768:^
1751:.
1728:.
1718:.
1708:23
1706:.
1702:.
1619:^
1589:^
1575:.
1567:.
1559:.
1549:15
1547:.
1543:.
1527:^
1513:.
1503:.
1493:.
1483:13
1481:.
1477:.
1447:^
1435:.
1414:^
1397:.
1391:.
1362:.
1356:.
1320:.
1026:*
1011:*
993:,
988:*
971:,
966:*
948:,
944:,
921:*
903:,
899:,
860:,
855:*
809:*
791:,
786:*
753:*
386:.
350:.
342:,
68:,
2237:.
2217::
2211:3
2166::
2145:.
2115::
2088:.
2068::
2062:7
2041:.
2011::
2003::
1975:.
1945::
1937::
1909:.
1897::
1870:.
1848::
1821:.
1809::
1803:3
1762:.
1736:.
1714::
1687:.
1661:.
1638:.
1613:.
1583:.
1563::
1555::
1521:.
1497::
1489::
1433:"
1408:.
1373:.
1354:"
1350:"
1331:.
1237:(
1222:(
1157:(
1092:(
1063:)
729:)
713:(
677:(
493:(
485:(
473:(
465:(
453:(
445:(
401:(
373:(
365:(
357:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
