1292:
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725:
1415:
1308:
743:
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705:
1399:
1344:
976:
998:
1188:
1194:
568:. This version was represented in Western literature and popular culture in the late 19th century as the "Great Monad", this depiction became known in English as the "yin-yang symbol" since the 1960s. The contemporary Chinese term for the modern symbol is referred to as "the two-part Taiji diagram" (
1726:
or 'Diagram of the
Supreme Ultimate', often known in English since the 1960s as the 'yin-yang symbol'.) These dots were believed to be collated with the eight trigrams, and hence with the concepts of roundness and of the heavens, while the equally numinous 'Luo River Writing' was a pattern of dots
958:(12th century) insists that Zhou Dunyi had composed the diagram himself, against the prevailing view that he had received it from Daoist sources. Zhu Xi could not accept a Daoist origin of the design, because it would have undermined the claim of uniqueness attached to the Neo-Confucian concept of
1528:
by the 3rd century BC, found on a wide variety of artifacts, it is not clear what symbolic value was attached to it. Unlike the
Chinese symbol, the Celtic yin-yang lack the element of mutual penetration, and the two halves are not always portrayed in different colors. Comparable designs are also
1307:
1362:
1291:
1211:
of the outer circle. One keeps the line that forms an "S", and one erases or obscures the other line. In 2008 the design was also described by
Isabelle Robinet as a "pair of fishes nestling head to tail against each other".
1267:
1414:
626:, represented by filling the circle in a black-and-white pattern. In some diagrams, there is a smaller empty circle at the center of this, representing Emptiness as the foundation of duality.
1223:
symbol illustrating the mutual complement of man and woman. In socialist times, it was alternatively interpreted as two fish symbolizing vigilance, because fish never close their eyes.
2384:"the yin/yang symbol so familiar to us contains a white dot amid the black and a black dot amid the white to indicate that these principles interact intensely." Norman R. Kraft,
1382:
658:
The circle below the Five Agents represents the conjunction of Heaven and Earth, which in turn gives rise to the "ten thousand things". This stage is also represented by the
2397:"The figures in the inner space are the dual forces, Yin and Yang, symbolized by darkness and light, which forms the starting point of Chinese philosophy" W.A.P. Martin,
1251:
2810:
1482:
1502:
on the territory of current
Ukraine and Romania. Patterns containing ornament looking like Taijitu from archeological artifacts of that culture were displayed in the
1331:
1245:" have been given the additional interpretation of "intense interaction" between the complementary principles, i.e. a flux or flow to achieve harmony and balance.
635:), representing a further stage in the differentiation of Unity into Multiplicity. The Five Agents are connected by lines indicating their proper sequence, Wood (
1051:) and called the "River Chart spontaneously generated by Heaven and Earth". By the end of the Ming period, this diagram had become a widespread representation of
2441:
1058:
The dots were introduced in the later Ming period (replacing the droplet-shapes used earlier, in the 16th century) and are encountered more frequently in the
1062:. The dots represent the seed of yin within yang and the seed of yang within yin; the idea that neither can exist without the other and are never absolute.
1022:(1017–1073) popularized the circular diagram, the introduction of "swirling" patterns first appears in the Ming period and representative of transformation.
2015:
1722:"The 'River Diagram' is the pattern of black-and-white dots which appears superimposed on the interlocking spirals Those spirals alone form the
908:
are simply the
Supreme Polarity; the Supreme Polarity is fundamentally Non-polar. in the generation of the Five Phases, each one has its nature.
2371:"Yin Yang symbol" (with dots) as part of "embroidered emblems", Martial Arts Shopping Guide (advertisement), Black Belt magazine, August 1974,
742:
1446:
724:
2799:
2781:
2563:
2356:
2157:
2124:
1952:
1373:
954:
Since the 12th century, there has been a vigorous discussion in
Chinese philosophy regarding the ultimate origin of Zhou Dunyi's diagram.
1398:
872:; yet at the limit of stillness it is also active. Activity and stillness alternate; each is the basis of the other. In distinguishing
1430:
35:
1163:, which were and are often thought to be opposite concepts, as a cosmic riddle important for the "beginning...and ending" of a life.
2831:
2772:
Peyre, Christian (1982), "Y a-t'il un contexte italique au style de
Waldalgesheim?", in Duval, Paul-Marie; Kruta, Venceslas (eds.),
2727:
2702:
2692:
2640:
2617:
2599:
2581:
2545:
2331:
2280:
1298:
1809:
1807:
1421:
1499:
547:) diagrams, both of which have been extensively studied since the Qing period for their possible connection with Zhou Dunyi's
1115:
era Korea in 1882, shows this symbol in red and blue. This was a modernisation of the older (early 19th century) form of the
410:
330:
185:
50:
1343:
1877:
period (c. 1000–750 BC), yin and yang are represented by broken and solid lines: yin is broken (⚋) and yang is solid (⚊).
237:
66:
2881:
1235:
562:
to a design of two interlocking spirals with two black-and-white dots superimposed on them, became synonymous with the
2175:"The Diversity of Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty: A Comparative Study of Zhu Xi's and Zhang Shi's Views on
2027:
667:
The final circle represents the state of multiplicity, glossed "The ten thousand things are born by transformation" (
631:
581:; such designs are sometimes descriptively dubbed "yin yang symbols" in archaeological literature by modern scholars.
1183:
symbol, which combines the two interlocking spirals with two dots, has more commonly been used as a yin-yang symbol.
1472:
1193:
708:), but it may refer to any of several schematic diagrams that contain at least one circle with an inner pattern of
2891:
1848:
376:
485:) forms in application is a deductive and inductive theoretical model. Such a diagram was first introduced by
577:
Ornamental patterns with visual similarity to the "yin yang symbol" are found in archaeological artefacts of
2086:
2061:
1170:
are highly subjective and some interpretations of the texts they appear in would only call the principle of
916:
translations "Supreme
Ultimate" or "Supreme Pole", Adler uses "Supreme Polarity" (see Robinet 1990) because
2896:
1711:
1573:, which includes a taijitu, is available in Unicode as the sequence U+11A9E 𑪞 + U+11A9F 𑪟 + U+11AA0 𑪠.
946:
principle of bipolarity, which is the most fundamental ordering principle, the cosmic "first principle."
2776:, Hautes études du monde gréco-romain, vol. 13, Paris: Librairie Droz, pp. 51–82 (62–64, 82),
1565:. The related "double body symbol" is included at U+0FCA (TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU NYIS -KHYIL ࿊), in the
1549:
2808:
Verger, Stéphane (1996), "Une tombe à char oubliée dans l'ancienne collection
Poinchy de Richebourg",
1919:, p. 171 The facing page shows an earlier copy, dated 1520, with an essentially identical diagram
1187:
2871:
2626:
2016:"Zhou Dunyi's Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate Explained: A Construction of the Confucian Metaphysics"
1477:
478:
2515:
2046:– via The Digital Scholarship Repository at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School.
1107:
of two interlocking spirals was a common yin-yang symbol in the first half of the 20th century. The
2819:
2464:
beaked flagons, helmets, vases, bowls, collars, hand-pins, cross-slabs, brooches and knife blades.
2106:
1703:
1635:
1282:
1258:
1108:
578:
260:
2790:
Robinet, Isabelle (2008), "Taiji tu. Diagram of the Great
Ultimate", in Pregadio, Fabrizio (ed.),
1708:
The Dragon, Image, and Demon: Or, The Three Religions of China; Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism
1677:
2876:
2761:
2753:
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2272:
2116:
2039:
1467:
1128:
843:
704:
689:
453:
438:
400:
221:
213:
1525:
1844:
2827:
2795:
2777:
2723:
2688:
2636:
2613:
2595:
2577:
2559:
2541:
2429:
2352:
2327:
2264:
2200:
2153:
2130:
2120:
2002:
1948:
1893:
1732:
1664:
1514:
1138:
1084:
1052:
839:
603:
593:
consists of five parts. Strictly speaking, the "yin and yang symbol", itself popularly called
473:
169:
161:
2630:
2372:
1942:
2886:
2745:
2659:
2650:
Louis, François (June 2003). "The Genesis of an Icon: The "Taiji" Diagram's Early History".
2256:
2219:
2190:
2031:
1566:
1389:
1234:, since the 1970s. In this context, it is generally used to represent the interplay between
1076:
822:
818:
773:
564:
486:
91:
780:(11th century), and it declined again in the Ming period, by the 16th century. During the
752:
147:
73:
57:
2710:
892:
harmoniously arranged, the Four Seasons proceed through them. The Five Phases are simply
817:; "Explanation of the Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate"), which became the cornerstone of
428:
126:
274:
2681:
1682:
1640:
1570:
1518:
1216:
852:, which Adler notes could also be translated "The Supreme Polarity that is Non-Polar".
789:
732:
2865:
2765:
2276:
1405:
793:
781:
736:
2847:
2043:
1727:
associated with the number nine, with squareness and with the earth." Craig Clunas,
2852:
1874:
1530:
1242:
1231:
1219:
of Mongolia may be prior to 1686. It combines several abstract shapes, including a
1092:
1080:
1059:
987:
921:
785:
760:
728:
713:
693:
623:
519:
494:
482:
230:
98:
975:
1155:. Zhou viewed the dualistic and paradoxical relationship between the concepts of
788:, Taoist traditions and diagrams were compiled and published in the encyclopedia
1602:
1274:
1116:
997:
938:
is not a thing (hence "Supreme Pole" will not do). Thus, for both Zhou and Zhu,
826:
529:
2260:
2848:
Where does the Chinese Yin Yang Symbol Come From? – chinesefortunecalendar.com
2134:
1612:
1495:
1314:
1152:
1095:
design), Lai Zhide's taijitu has two swirls, terminating in a central circle.
1019:
804:
777:
629:
Below this second circle is a five-part diagram representing the Five Agents (
608:
490:
2774:
L'art celtique de la période d'expansion, IVe et IIIe siècles avant notre ère
2268:
2244:
2204:
2195:
2174:
1931:, p. 194 shows a version of Lai Zhide's diagram in a 1969 representation
1754:, pp. 68f., 70f., 76, 79, 84, 121, 155, 232, 239, 241f., 248, 253, 259;
702:
in modern Chinese is commonly used to mean the simple "divided circle" form (
1507:
1491:
1453:
1079:; but while the Tibetan designs have three or four swirls (representing the
1004:
880:, the Two Modes are thereby established. The alternation and combination of
555:
353:
178:
34:
2110:
2826:, Claremont Cultural Studies, vol. 62, Institute of Mediaeval Music,
2035:
1226:
The modern symbol has also been widely used in martial arts, particularly
2442:
More about Taiji Symbols of Ukraine Pavilion at Expo 2010 (xingyimax.com)
2323:
2082:
1369:
1200:
1088:
709:
199:
112:
2671:
1988:
has diagrams with dots dated to 1623 (p. 187) and 1688 (p. 146, p. 190).
2757:
2057:
1869:
1597:
1592:
1582:
1541:
1503:
1437:
1353:
1227:
1147:
was viewed synonymously with the artistic and philosophical concept of
1067:
510:
16:
Chinese philosophical symbol representing two opposites combined as one
2529:
Reconstructing the Confucian Dao: Zhu Xi's Appropriation of Zhou Dunyi
2245:"Reading Taijitu Shuo Synchronously: The Human Sense of Wuji er Taiji"
1337:"Yin-Yang symbol or Tao symbol" (without the dots) as reported in 1964
1207:
two non-overlapping circles each of which has a diameter equal to the
1031:, 1351–1395) was the first to introduce the "swirling" variant of the
868:; yet at the limit of activity it is still. In stillness it generates
2663:
1208:
1204:
1112:
955:
917:
831:
515:
468:
418:
293:
2749:
1524:
While this design appears to become a standard ornamental motif in
2410:
1607:
1349:
1199:
In the standard form of the contemporary symbol, one draws on the
1047:
741:
723:
660:
307:
1587:
888:
generate water, fire, wood, metal, and earth. With these five
2112:
Cosmosapiens: Human Evolution from the Origin of the Universe
242:
2522:(2nd ed.). Columbia University Press. pp. 673–674.
597:, represents the second of these five parts of the diagram.
2351:. Berkeley, California: North Atlantic Books. p. 212.
2109:(2017-10-31). "Human Evolution 2: Philosophical Thinking".
1045:, 1370s). The diagram is combined with the eight trigrams (
622:
A second circle represents the Taiji as harboring Dualism,
1517:. Similar interlocking designs are found in the Americas:
218:
204:
190:
2703:"The "Yin-Yang" among the Insignia of the Roman Empire?"
2152:. Versailles, Kentucky: Sheridan Kentucky. p. 103.
763:
dates to Chinese antiquity, the interest in "diagrams" (
2148:
Pearson, Patricia O'Connell; Holdren, John (May 2021).
2516:"Zhou Dunyi: The Metaphysics and Practice of Sagehood"
381:
2632:
Celtic Ornament in the British Isles Down to A.D. 700
2518:. In De Bary, William Theodore; Bloom, Irene (eds.).
1513:
The interlocking design is found in artifacts of the
166:
152:
131:
117:
103:
2468:, pp. 70f., 76, 79, 155, 232, 241f., 248, 259;
335:
2736:Nickel, Helmut (1991), "The Dragon and the Pearl",
1794:
1792:
375:
370:
352:
347:
329:
324:
306:
292:
287:
273:
259:
254:
236:
229:
212:
198:
184:
177:
160:
146:
125:
111:
97:
90:
85:
65:
49:
44:
23:
2680:
601:At the top, an empty circle depicts the absolute (
1743:
1741:
821:cosmology. His brief text synthesized aspects of
279:
265:
1821:
2469:
1759:
1136:or "river diagram", "the yin-yang circle", or
864:)! The Supreme Polarity in activity generates
358:
2824:The Medieval West Meets the Rest of the World
2814:, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 641–691
2399:A cycle of Cathay, or, China, south and north
1040:
1026:
920:describes it as the alternating principle of
847:
812:
764:
674:
668:
569:
71:
55:
8:
1947:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 98–.
1845:"Chapter 1: DIAGRAM OF THE SUPREME ULTIMATE"
1729:Pictures and Visuality in Early Modern China
522:, has at least half a dozen variants of the
312:
298:
2081:Stefon, Matt; Duignan, Brian (2016-04-29).
1885:
1883:
1392:have incorporated a taiji symbol since 1911
1192:
1186:
367:
321:
82:
33:
2794:, Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 934–936,
2709:, vol. 6, no. 2, archived from
2194:
1424:included a taijitu between 1973 and 1990.
2498:
2249:Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy
1999:The Handbook of Tibetan Buddhist Symbols
1873:, originally a divination manual of the
1813:
1775:
1471:
467:; 'utmost extreme') in both its
2683:Early Celtic Art in Britain and Ireland
2610:Later Celtic Art in Britain and Ireland
2465:
2305:
1825:
1751:
1623:
1257:The 1882 flag of Korea (since 1949 the
1247:
1111:, originally introduced as the flag of
433:
2822:; Van Deusen, Nancy Elizabeth (1995),
2183:Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies
1817:
1767:
1132:(or the Supreme Ultimate in English),
220:
168:
20:
2811:Mélanges de l'École française de Rome
2722:, vol. 5, Universal-Publishers,
2494:
2482:
2452:
2293:
1985:
1974:
1928:
1916:
1904:
1889:
1798:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1755:
1747:
1660:
1297:The "cycle of Cathay" as depicted by
1065:Lai Zhide's design is similar to the
7:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1629:
1627:
1468:Notitia Dignitatum § Depictions
1374:Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League
1174:those names rather than the symbol.
1119:used as the Joseon royal standard.
2652:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
2594:, Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd,
1281:(1928), after the design shown by
950:as "non-polar" follows from this.
14:
2428:, Jain Publishing Company, 1964,
2243:Patt-Shamir, Galia (2020-09-01).
1941:Xinzhong Yao (13 February 2000).
1762:, pp. 127 (fig. 34.1), 128;
1408:has included a taijitu since 1916
1321:in red and black, with the motto
2224:Te Ipu Pakore: The Broken Vessel
1445:
1429:
1413:
1397:
1381:
1361:
1342:
1330:
1306:
1299:William Alexander Parsons Martin
1290:
1266:
1250:
996:
974:
772:) is an intellectual fashion of
703:
2679:Megaw, Ruth and Vicent (2005),
2281:Springer Science+Business Media
2020:Journal of the History of Ideas
1944:An introduction to Confucianism
1750:, pp. 62–64, 82 (pl. VI);
1676:Theobald, Ulrich (2012-02-08).
1634:Theobald, Ulrich (2021-05-06).
1422:Republic of Singapore Air Force
1325:("opposites are complementary")
803:is due to Song era philosopher
526:. The two most similar are the
243:
219:
205:
191:
2792:The Encyclopedia of Taoism A−Z
2574:Celtic Craftsmanship in Bronze
2572:Kilbride-Jones, H. E. (1980),
2150:World History: Our Human Story
1702:Labelled "The Great Monad" by
1075:or "wheel of joy") symbols of
985:(1370s) as represented in the
799:The original description of a
543:
538:
502:
463:
458:
447:
442:
423:
414:
382:
336:
280:
167:
153:
132:
118:
104:
72:
56:
39:Diagram of the Utmost Extremes
1:
2853:Chart of the Great Ultimate (
2556:The Archaeology of Celtic Art
2455:, pp. 62–64, 82 (pl. VI)
1122:The symbol is referred to as
2520:Sources of Chinese Tradition
2426:The World's Living Religions
2388:, Weiser Books, 1969, p. 23.
2014:Wang, Robin R. (July 2005).
1490:Similarities can be seen in
1483:Armigeri Defensores Seniores
981:Diagram from Zhao Huiqian's
860:) and yet Supreme Polarity (
2738:Metropolitan Museum Journal
2701:Monastra, Giovanni (2000),
2028:Loyola Marymount University
1822:White & Van Deusen 1995
1151:by some Taoists, including
1103:The Ming-era design of the
846:appear in the opening line
807:(1017–1073), author of the
2913:
2687:, Shire Publications LTD,
2612:, Shire Publications LTD,
2536:Duval, Paul-Marie (1978),
2261:10.1007/s11712-020-09735-y
2218:Sturm, Sean (2009-07-03).
1500:Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
1465:
1323:contraria sunt complementa
687:
518:canon compiled during the
2527:Adler, Joseph A. (2014).
2514:Adler, Joseph A. (1999).
2322:. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia:
2318:Pu̇revsambuu, G. (2006).
1041:
1027:
848:
813:
765:
731:Taijitu diagram from the
675:
669:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
570:
393:
366:
359:
320:
313:
299:
81:
32:
28:
2718:Mountain, Harry (1997),
2576:, Taylor & Francis,
2196:10.1215/15982661-9767222
2173:Li, Lizhu (2022-05-01).
1849:University of Washington
1376:, used from 1925 to 1942
1313:Coat of arms adopted by
1241:The dots in the modern "
1236:hard and soft techniques
51:Traditional Chinese
2720:The Celtic Encyclopedia
2554:Harding, D. W. (2007),
2540:, München: C. H. Beck,
2347:Davis, Barbara (2004).
2087:Encyclopedia Britannica
2062:Encyclopedia Britannica
1526:Iron-Age Celtic culture
1273:"The Great Monad" from
67:Simplified Chinese
2413:Escutcheons of Science
1820:, p. 146, fn. 5;
1487:
1476:Shield pattern of the
1352:: Modern Taijitu with
1099:Modern yin-yang symbol
952:
910:
756:
739:
615:is also a synonym for
266:
2857:) – goldenelixir.com)
2627:Leeds, Edward Thurlow
2608:Laing, Lloyd (1997),
2590:Laing, Lloyd (1979),
2036:10.1353/jhi.2005.0047
1552:block, at code point
1550:Miscellaneous Symbols
1475:
1177:Since the 1960s, the
1011:River Diagram" (1599)
932:
854:
759:While the concept of
745:
727:
1510:in Shanghai, China.
331:Revised Romanization
2882:Rotational symmetry
2470:Kilbride-Jones 1980
1824:, pp. 12, 32;
1760:Kilbride-Jones 1980
1704:Hampden Coit DuBose
1636:"Taiji tushuo 太極圖說"
1317:in 1947, showing a
1283:Hampden Coit DuBose
1259:flag of South Korea
1109:flag of South Korea
1003:Simplified form of
829:discussions in the
579:European prehistory
554:Ming period author
261:Vietnamese alphabet
2349:Taijiquan Classics
2117:Overlook Duckworth
1907:, pp. 673–674
1678:"Hetu luoshu 河圖洛書"
1488:
1456:, Japan since 2005
1440:, Japan since 1911
1368:Early taijitu and
966:Ming and Qing eras
757:
740:
720:Song and Yuan eras
690:Taiji (philosophy)
401:Chinese philosophy
2801:978-0-7007-1200-7
2783:978-2-600-03342-8
2565:978-0-203-69853-2
2358:978-1-55643-431-0
2179:and Human Nature"
2159:978-1-60153-123-0
2126:978-1-4683-1324-6
1954:978-0-521-64430-3
1843:Kalton, Michael.
1515:European Iron Age
1390:flags of Mongolia
1166:The names of the
1085:Four Noble Truths
1053:Chinese cosmology
912:Instead of usual
838:Zhou's key terms
439:symbol or diagram
397:
396:
389:
388:
343:
342:
250:
249:
186:Yale Romanization
92:Standard Mandarin
2904:
2892:Taoist cosmology
2836:
2815:
2804:
2786:
2768:
2732:
2714:
2697:
2686:
2675:
2664:10.2307/25066694
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2444:
2439:
2433:
2424:Archie J. Bahm,
2422:
2416:
2408:
2402:
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2344:
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2198:
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2145:
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2103:
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2072:
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2069:
2068:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2011:
2005:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1840:
1829:
1811:
1802:
1801:, pp. 62–64
1796:
1787:
1778:, p. 1282;
1745:
1736:
1720:
1714:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1673:
1667:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1631:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1506:pavilion at the
1449:
1433:
1417:
1401:
1385:
1365:
1346:
1334:
1310:
1294:
1270:
1254:
1196:
1190:
1077:Tibetan Buddhism
1044:
1043:
1030:
1029:
1000:
978:
851:
850:
825:and Taoism with
823:Chinese Buddhism
819:Neo-Confucianist
816:
815:
774:Neo-Confucianism
768:
767:
707:
678:
677:
672:
671:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
607:). According to
573:
572:
565:Yellow River Map
545:
540:
504:
465:
460:
449:
444:
435:
425:
416:
385:
384:
368:
362:
361:
339:
338:
322:
316:
315:
302:
301:
283:
282:
269:
246:
245:
225:
224:
223:
208:
207:
194:
193:
173:
172:
171:
156:
155:
142:
141:
140:
136:
121:
120:
107:
106:
83:
77:
76:
61:
60:
37:
21:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2862:
2861:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2818:
2807:
2802:
2789:
2784:
2771:
2750:10.2307/1512907
2735:
2730:
2717:
2700:
2695:
2678:
2658:(11): 145–196.
2649:
2643:
2625:
2620:
2607:
2602:
2589:
2584:
2571:
2566:
2553:
2548:
2535:
2526:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2497:, p. 282;
2493:
2489:
2480:
2476:
2463:
2459:
2451:
2447:
2440:
2436:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2405:
2396:
2392:
2386:Ogdoadic Magick
2383:
2379:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2304:
2300:
2296:, pp. 62f.
2292:
2288:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2228:
2226:
2220:"Wuji to Wanwu"
2217:
2216:
2212:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2127:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2091:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2066:
2064:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1888:
1881:
1866:
1862:
1853:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1832:
1812:
1805:
1797:
1790:
1770:, p. 664;
1758:, p. 282;
1746:
1739:
1721:
1717:
1701:
1697:
1688:
1686:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1659:
1655:
1646:
1644:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1621:
1579:
1562:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1539:
1470:
1464:
1462:Similar symbols
1457:
1450:
1441:
1434:
1425:
1420:Roundel of the
1418:
1409:
1402:
1393:
1386:
1377:
1366:
1357:
1347:
1338:
1335:
1326:
1311:
1302:
1295:
1286:
1271:
1262:
1255:
1243:yin-yang symbol
1184:
1101:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1001:
993:
992:
979:
968:
753:Xingming guizhi
722:
696:
686:
587:
558:simplified the
451:) representing
255:Vietnamese name
206:taai3 gik6 tou4
148:Tongyong Pinyin
138:
134:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2910:
2908:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2850:
2843:
2842:External links
2840:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2816:
2805:
2800:
2787:
2782:
2769:
2733:
2728:
2715:
2698:
2693:
2676:
2647:
2641:
2623:
2618:
2605:
2600:
2592:Celtic Britain
2587:
2582:
2569:
2564:
2551:
2546:
2533:
2524:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2487:
2481:"apotropaic":
2474:
2457:
2445:
2434:
2417:
2403:
2390:
2377:
2364:
2357:
2339:
2332:
2310:
2298:
2286:
2255:(3): 427–442.
2235:
2210:
2189:(1): 114–115.
2165:
2158:
2140:
2125:
2098:
2073:
2049:
2006:
1990:
1978:
1967:
1953:
1933:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1879:
1860:
1830:
1803:
1788:
1782:, p. 38;
1766:, p. 79;
1737:
1715:
1695:
1683:Chinaknowledge
1668:
1653:
1641:Chinaknowledge
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1575:
1571:Soyombo symbol
1548:symbol in the
1538:
1535:
1519:Xicalcoliuhqui
1480:infantry unit
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1372:emblem of the
1367:
1360:
1358:
1348:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1329:
1327:
1312:
1305:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1287:
1279:Book of Earths
1272:
1265:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1217:Soyombo symbol
1100:
1097:
1025:Zhao Huiqian (
1002:
995:
994:
991:edition (1751)
980:
973:
972:
971:
970:
969:
967:
964:
790:Shilin Guangji
733:Shilin Guangji
721:
718:
685:
682:
681:
680:
665:
656:
627:
620:
586:
583:
395:
394:
391:
390:
387:
386:
379:
373:
372:
371:Transcriptions
364:
363:
356:
350:
349:
345:
344:
341:
340:
333:
327:
326:
325:Transcriptions
318:
317:
310:
304:
303:
296:
290:
289:
285:
284:
277:
271:
270:
263:
257:
256:
252:
251:
248:
247:
240:
234:
233:
227:
226:
216:
210:
209:
202:
196:
195:
192:taai gihk tòuh
188:
182:
181:
179:Yue: Cantonese
175:
174:
164:
158:
157:
150:
144:
143:
129:
123:
122:
115:
109:
108:
101:
95:
94:
88:
87:
86:Transcriptions
79:
78:
69:
63:
62:
53:
47:
46:
42:
41:
38:
30:
29:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2909:
2898:
2897:Visual motifs
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2858:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2833:0-931902-94-0
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2785:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2729:1-58112-894-0
2725:
2721:
2716:
2713:on 2011-09-25
2712:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2696:
2694:0-7478-0613-6
2690:
2685:
2684:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2642:0-486-42085-X
2638:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2619:0-85263-874-4
2615:
2611:
2606:
2603:
2601:0-7100-0131-2
2597:
2593:
2588:
2585:
2583:0-7099-0387-1
2579:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2561:
2558:, Routledge,
2557:
2552:
2549:
2547:3-406-03025-4
2543:
2539:
2534:
2531:. SUNY Press.
2530:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2499:Monastra 2000
2496:
2491:
2488:
2485:, p. 282
2484:
2478:
2475:
2472:, p. 128
2471:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2411:Numericana -
2407:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2340:
2335:
2333:99929-0-627-8
2329:
2326:. p. 8.
2325:
2321:
2314:
2311:
2308:, p. 934
2307:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2236:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2169:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2074:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1997:Robert Beer,
1994:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1968:
1956:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1861:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1828:, p. 934
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1814:Monastra 2000
1810:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1776:Mountain 1997
1774:, p. 8;
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1654:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1551:
1547:
1544:features the
1543:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1478:Western Roman
1474:
1469:
1461:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1406:flag of Tibet
1400:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1340:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1244:
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1237:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1189:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1090:
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1082:
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1070:
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1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
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1038:
1034:
1023:
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999:
990:
989:
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965:
963:
961:
957:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
934:insists that
931:
929:
928:
924:
919:
915:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
853:
845:
841:
836:
834:
833:
828:
824:
820:
810:
806:
802:
797:
795:
794:Chen Yuanjing
791:
787:
783:
782:Mongol Empire
779:
775:
771:
762:
755:
754:
749:
744:
738:
737:Chen Yuanjing
734:
730:
726:
719:
717:
715:
712:representing
711:
706:
701:
695:
691:
683:
673:; simplified
666:
663:
662:
657:
634:
633:
628:
625:
621:
618:
614:
610:
606:
605:
600:
599:
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582:
580:
575:
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566:
561:
557:
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550:
546:
536:
532:
531:
525:
521:
517:
513:
512:
506:
500:
496:
492:
488:
487:Neo-Confucian
484:
480:
476:
475:
470:
466:
456:
455:
450:
440:
436:
434:tʻai⁴chi²tʻu²
430:
426:
420:
412:
408:
407:
402:
392:
380:
378:
374:
369:
365:
357:
355:
351:
348:Japanese name
346:
334:
332:
328:
323:
319:
311:
309:
305:
297:
295:
291:
286:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
262:
258:
253:
241:
239:
235:
232:
228:
222:
217:
215:
211:
203:
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189:
187:
183:
180:
176:
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165:
163:
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124:
116:
114:
110:
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36:
31:
27:
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2809:
2791:
2773:
2741:
2737:
2719:
2711:the original
2706:
2682:
2655:
2651:
2631:
2609:
2591:
2573:
2555:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2490:
2477:
2466:Harding 2007
2460:
2448:
2437:
2425:
2420:
2412:
2406:
2398:
2393:
2385:
2380:
2367:
2348:
2342:
2319:
2313:
2306:Robinet 2008
2301:
2289:
2279:– via
2252:
2248:
2238:
2227:. Retrieved
2223:
2213:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2168:
2149:
2143:
2111:
2101:
2090:. Retrieved
2076:
2065:. Retrieved
2052:
2023:
2019:
2009:
1998:
1993:
1981:
1970:
1958:. Retrieved
1943:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1900:
1875:Western Zhou
1868:
1863:
1852:. Retrieved
1826:Robinet 2008
1786:, p. 13
1752:Harding 2007
1728:
1723:
1718:
1707:
1698:
1687:. Retrieved
1681:
1671:
1656:
1645:. Retrieved
1639:
1545:
1540:
1537:In computing
1531:Etruscan art
1523:
1512:
1489:
1481:
1322:
1318:
1278:
1240:
1232:Jeet Kune Do
1225:
1220:
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1198:
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1178:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1148:
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1137:
1133:
1127:
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1121:
1104:
1102:
1093:tetraskelion
1087:, i.e. as a
1081:Three Jewels
1072:
1066:
1064:
1057:
1046:
1037:Liushu benyi
1036:
1032:
1024:
1017:
1008:
988:Siku Quanshu
986:
983:Liushu benyi
982:
959:
953:
947:
943:
939:
935:
933:
926:
922:
913:
911:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
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877:
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869:
865:
861:
857:
855:
837:
830:
827:metaphysical
809:Taijitu shuo
808:
800:
798:
786:Yuan dynasty
769:
761:yin and yang
758:
751:
750:(太極圖), 1615
747:
729:Yuan dynasty
714:yin and yang
699:
697:
694:Yin and yang
659:
630:
624:yin and yang
616:
612:
602:
594:
590:
588:
576:
563:
559:
553:
548:
542:
534:
527:
523:
520:Ming dynasty
509:
507:
499:Taijitu shuo
498:
495:Song Dynasty
489:philosopher
483:yin and yang
472:
462:
452:
446:
432:
422:
405:
404:
398:
377:Romanization
231:Southern Min
99:Hanyu Pinyin
45:Chinese name
18:
2872:Iconography
2820:White, Lynn
2744:: 139–146,
2107:Hands, John
1818:Nickel 1991
1768:Verger 1996
1603:Three hares
1569:block. The
1486:(c. AD 430)
1275:Edna Kenton
1117:Bat Quai Do
1073:dga' 'khyil
1060:Qing period
856:Non-polar (
778:Song period
776:during the
651:) → Water (
647:) → Metal (
643:) → Earth (
530:Xiantiandao
288:Korean name
267:Thái cực đồ
244:thàiki̍ktôo
119:ㄊㄞˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄨˊ
2866:Categories
2538:Die Kelten
2495:Duval 1978
2483:Duval 1978
2453:Peyre 1982
2294:Peyre 1982
2229:2023-05-02
2135:1090301527
2092:2023-05-02
2067:2023-04-30
1986:Louis 2003
1975:Louis 2003
1960:29 October
1929:Louis 2003
1917:Louis 2003
1905:Adler 1999
1890:Adler 2014
1854:2023-05-01
1799:Peyre 1982
1784:Megaw 2005
1780:Leeds 2002
1772:Laing 1997
1764:Laing 1979
1756:Duval 1978
1748:Peyre 1982
1689:2023-05-02
1661:Adler 2014
1647:2023-05-03
1619:References
1613:Triskelion
1496:Eneolithic
1466:See also:
1452:Emblem of
1436:Emblem of
1315:Niels Bohr
1020:Zhou Dunyi
805:Zhou Dunyi
688:See also:
639:) → Fire (
491:Zhou Dunyi
477:) and its
429:Wade–Giles
383:taikyokuzu
127:Wade–Giles
2877:Ornaments
2766:193102258
2635:. Dover.
2629:(2002) .
2277:225577820
2269:1569-7274
2205:1598-2661
1529:found in
1508:Expo 2010
1492:Neolithic
1454:Hamamatsu
1126:, simply
1005:Lai Zhide
698:The term
585:Structure
556:Lai Zhide
354:Shinjitai
154:tài-jí-tú
2855:Taiji tu
2672:25066694
2324:Montsame
2320:Mongolia
2044:73700080
2001:, 2003,
1731:(1997),
1724:Taiji tu
1710:(1887),
1577:See also
1563:YIN YANG
1560:☯
1388:Several
1370:red star
1356:trigrams
1201:diameter
1185:compare
1089:triskele
944:yin-yang
710:symmetry
437:) is a
200:Jyutping
135:ai-chi-t
133:tʻ
113:Bopomofo
2887:Symbols
2758:1512907
2507:Sources
2401:(1897).
2083:"taiji"
2030:: 317.
1870:I Ching
1867:in the
1598:Taegeuk
1593:Lauburu
1583:Gankyil
1567:Tibetan
1542:Unicode
1504:Ukraine
1438:Isesaki
1354:I Ching
1319:taijitu
1301:in 1897
1228:tai chi
1168:taijitu
1124:taijitu
1105:taijitu
1083:or the
1035:in his
1033:taijitu
942:is the
930:, and:
801:taijitu
748:Taijitu
700:taijitu
684:History
595:taijitu
591:taijitu
560:taijitu
549:taijitu
524:taijitu
511:Daozang
497:in his
493:of the
479:dualist
424:tàijítú
411:Chinese
406:taijitu
337:taegeuk
275:Chữ Hán
137:ʻ
105:tàijítú
24:Taijitu
2830:
2798:
2780:
2764:
2756:
2726:
2707:Sophia
2691:
2670:
2639:
2616:
2598:
2580:
2562:
2544:
2430:p. 156
2355:
2330:
2275:
2267:
2203:
2156:
2133:
2123:
2042:
2003:p. 209
1951:
1894:p. 152
1733:p. 107
1712:p. 357
1665:p. 153
1557:
1555:U+262F
1285:(1887)
1230:, and
1209:radius
1205:circle
1113:Joseon
1091:and a
1068:gakyil
1018:While
956:Zhu Xi
918:Zhu Xi
832:Yijing
632:Wuxing
544:wújítú
535:wujitu
528:Taiji
516:Taoist
469:monist
431::
421::
419:pinyin
413::
294:Hangul
238:Tâi-lô
2762:S2CID
2754:JSTOR
2668:JSTOR
2373:p. 23
2273:S2CID
2177:Taiji
2058:"dao"
2040:S2CID
2026:(3).
1608:Tomoe
1546:he tu
1350:Bagua
1221:Taiji
1203:of a
1191:with
1180:He tu
1172:taiji
1157:taiji
1149:taiji
1129:taiji
1048:bagua
1009:Taiji
940:taiji
936:taiji
914:Taiji
862:taiji
849:無極而太極
844:Taiji
661:bagua
617:taiji
571:太極兩儀圖
464:tàijí
454:taiji
308:Hanja
2828:ISBN
2796:ISBN
2778:ISBN
2724:ISBN
2689:ISBN
2637:ISBN
2614:ISBN
2596:ISBN
2578:ISBN
2560:ISBN
2542:ISBN
2353:ISBN
2328:ISBN
2265:ISSN
2201:ISSN
2154:ISBN
2131:OCLC
2121:ISBN
1962:2011
1949:ISBN
1588:Koru
1498:era
1404:The
1215:The
1161:wuji
1159:and
1153:Zhou
1145:wuji
1139:wuji
1134:hetu
1042:六書本義
1007:'s "
948:Wuji
927:yang
925:and
906:yang
904:and
898:yang
896:and
884:and
882:yang
878:yang
876:and
866:yang
858:wuji
842:and
840:Wuji
814:太極圖說
784:and
746:The
692:and
676:万物化生
670:萬物化生
613:wuji
609:Zhou
604:wuji
589:The
533:and
514:, a
508:The
503:太極圖說
474:wuji
403:, a
2746:doi
2660:doi
2257:doi
2191:doi
2032:doi
1277:'s
1143:as
1028:趙撝謙
960:dao
923:yin
902:yin
894:yin
886:yin
874:yin
870:yin
792:by
735:by
574:).
539:無極圖
505:).
415:太極圖
399:In
360:太極図
281:太極圖
214:IPA
162:IPA
74:太极图
58:太極圖
2868::
2760:,
2752:,
2742:26
2740:,
2705:,
2666:.
2656:63
2654:.
2271:.
2263:.
2253:19
2251:.
2247:.
2222:.
2199:.
2187:22
2185:.
2181:.
2129:.
2119:.
2115:.
2085:.
2060:.
2038:.
2024:66
2022:.
2018:.
1892:,
1882:^
1847:.
1833:^
1816:;
1806:^
1791:^
1740:^
1706:,
1680:.
1663:,
1638:.
1626:^
1533:.
1521:.
1238:.
1055:.
962:.
900:;
890:qi
835:.
796:.
770:tú
716:.
655:).
611:,
551:.
541:;
461:;
459:太極
448:tú
445:;
427:;
417:;
314:太極
300:태극
2748::
2674:.
2662::
2645:.
2432:.
2375:.
2361:.
2336:.
2283:.
2259::
2232:.
2207:.
2193::
2162:.
2137:.
2095:.
2070:.
2034::
1964:.
1857:.
1735:.
1692:.
1650:.
1494:–
1261:)
1141:,
1071:(
1039:(
811:(
766:圖
679:)
664:.
653:水
649:金
645:土
641:火
637:木
619:.
537:(
501:(
481:(
471:(
457:(
443:圖
441:(
409:(
139:u
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