1437:(elevated cholesterol levels), but was withdrawn due to cardiac side effects. Once weekly thyroxine (OWT) preparations are also available for clinical use. A recent meta-analysis published by Dutta et al. involving data from 4 studies (294 patients) showed that OWT is associated with less efficient control of hypothyroidism, risks of supraphysiologic elevation of thyroid hormone levels along with transient echocardiographic changes in some patients following 2-4 h of thyroxine intake. Hence it is not surprising that OWT therapy has not become popular and is very sparingly used across the globe.
913:. Annual or semiannual clinical evaluations and TSH monitoring are appropriate after dosing has been established. Levothyroxine is taken on an empty stomach about half an hour to an hour before meals. As such, thyroid replacement therapy is usually taken 30 minutes prior to eating in the morning. For patients with trouble taking levothyroxine in the morning, bedtime dosing is effective, as well. A study in 2015 showed greater efficacy of levothyroxine when taken at bedtime. Doses of levothyroxine that normalize serum TSH may not normalize abnormal levels of
581:
558:
886:
58:
49:
1357:
5912:
882:, which is a severe form of hypothyroidism characterized by mental status changes and hypothermia. As it is a medical emergency with a high mortality rate, it should be treated in the intensive-care unit with thyroid hormone replacement and aggressive management of individual organ system complications.
981:
While a minimal amount of thyroid hormones is found in breast milk, the amount does not influence infant plasma thyroid levels. Furthermore, levothyroxine was not found to cause any adverse events to the infant or mother during breastfeeding. As adequate concentrations of thyroid hormone are required
1387:
Levothyroxine for systemic administration is available as an oral tablet, an intramuscular injection, and as a solution for intravenous infusion. Furthermore, it is available as both brand-name and generic products. While the FDA approved the use of generic levothyroxine for brand-name levothyroxine
1310:
Half-life elimination is 6–7 days for people with normal lab results; 9–10 days for people with hypothyroidism; 3–4 days for people with hyperthyroidism. Thyroid hormones are primarily eliminated by the kidneys (about 80%), with urinary excretion decreasing with age. The remaining 20%
869:
level without symptoms. Such people may be asymptomatic and whether they should be treated is controversial. One benefit of treating this population with levothyroxine therapy is preventing development of hypothyroidism. As such, treatment should be taken into account for patients with initial TSH
857:
to suppress TSH secretion. A subset of people with hypothyroidism treated with an appropriate dose of levothyroxine will describe continuing symptoms despite TSH levels in the normal range. In these people, further laboratory and clinical evaluation is warranted, as they may have another cause for
977:
Thyroid hormone requirements increase during and last throughout pregnancy. As such, pregnant women are recommended to increase to nine doses of levothyroxine each week, rather than the usual seven, as soon as their pregnancy is confirmed. Repeat thyroid function tests should be done five weeks
961:
pregnancy categories, levothyroxine has been assigned category A. Given that no increased risk of congenital abnormalities has been demonstrated in pregnant women taking levothyroxine, therapy should be continued during pregnancy. Furthermore, therapy should be immediately administered to women
1131:
in young adults. A study of eight women suggested that coffee may interfere with the intestinal absorption of levothyroxine, though at a level less than eating bran. Certain other substances can cause adverse effects that may be severe. Combination of levothyroxine with
1218:
Industrially, levothyroxine is made by chemical synthesis. Tyrosine is a common starting material. The produced hormone is incorporated into drugs as its sodium salt, levothyroxine sodium. Solid drugs such as tablets contain the pentahydrate form of the salt.
1182:
To minimize interactions, a manufacturer of levothyroxine recommends after taking it, waiting 30 minutes to one hour before eating or drinking anything that is not water. They further recommend to take it in the morning on an empty stomach.
1307:. In addition to deiodination, thyroid hormones are also excreted through the kidneys and metabolized through conjugation and glucuronidation and excreted directly into the bile and the gut, where they undergo enterohepatic recirculation.
1404:. As such, people were recommended to be started and kept on either brand-name or generic levothyroxine formulations and not changed back and forth from one to the other. For people who do switch products, their TSH and free T
874:
antibody titers, people with symptoms of hypothyroidism and TSH levels of 5–10 mIU/L, and women who are pregnant or want to become pregnant. Oral dosing for patients with subclinical hypothyroidism is 1 μg/kg/day.
940:, levothyroxine therapy should not be initiated at the full replacement dose. Since thyroid hormone increases the heart's oxygen demand by increasing heart rate and contractility, starting at higher doses may cause an
1418:-thyroxine, Thyrax, and Thyrax Duotab in Europe; Thyrox and Thyronorm in South Asia; Euthyrox, Levoxyl, Synthroid, Tirosint, and Unithroid in North and South America; and Thyrin and Thyrolar in Bangladesh. Numerous
956:
Hypothyroidism is common among pregnant women. A nationwide cohort study showed that 1.39% of all pregnant women in 2010 in
Denmark received a prescription of levothyroxine during pregnancy. According to the U.S.
1045:, weight loss, and increased appetite. Allergic reactions to the drug are characterized by symptoms such as difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, or swelling of the face and tongue. Acute overdose may cause
1995:
Dietlein M, Wegscheider K, Vaupel R, Schmidt M, Schicha H (2007). "Management of multinodular goiter in
Germany (Papillon 2005): do the approaches of thyroid specialists and primary care practitioners differ?".
4754:
4258:
990:
Levothyroxine is safe and effective for children with hypothyroidism; the goal of treatment for children with hypothyroidism is to reach and preserve normal intellectual and physical development.
5942:
243:
893:
Dosages vary according to the age groups and the individual condition of the person, body weight, and compliance to the medication and diet. Other predictors of the required dosage are
3118:
998:
Levothyroxine is contraindicated in people with hypersensitivity to levothyroxine sodium or any component of the formulation, people with acute myocardial infarction, and people with
1022:
Adverse events are generally caused by incorrect dosing. Long-term suppression of TSH values below normal values frequently cause cardiac side effects and contribute to decreases in
5972:
2994:
198:
4747:
2711:
4251:
1389:
1127:
juice may delay the absorption of levothyroxine, but based on a study of 10 healthy people aged 20–30 (eight men, two women), it may not have a significant effect on
1199:. Levothyroxine and thyroxine are chemically identical: natural thyroxine is also in the "levo" chiral form, the difference is only in terminological preference. T
4740:
2650:
Benvenga S, Bartolone L, Pappalardo MA, Russo A, Lapa D, Giorgianni G, et al. (March 2008). "Altered intestinal absorption of L-thyroxine caused by coffee".
858:
their symptoms. Furthermore, reviewing their medications and possible dietary supplements is important, as several medications can affect thyroid hormone levels.
653:
92:
2528:
Diskin CJ, Stokes TJ, Dansby LM, Radcliff L, Carter TB (2007). "Effect of phosphate binders upon TSH and L-thyroxine dose in patients on thyroid replacement".
3755:
3727:
3624:
5937:
4244:
687:
5977:
5967:
2327:
3065:"Efficacy and Safety of Once Weekly Thyroxine as Compared to Daily Thyroxine in Managing Primary Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
1269:
Absorption of orally administered levothyroxine from the gastrointestinal tract ranges from 40 to 80%, with the majority of the drug absorbed from the
3155:
5952:
3583:
1064:
Acute massive overdose may be life-threatening; treatment should be symptomatic and supportive. Massive overdose can be associated with increased
1372:
As of 2011, levothyroxine was the second-most commonly prescribed medication in the U.S., with 23.8 million prescriptions filled each year.
5947:
5775:
2915:"The isolation in crystalline form of the compound containing iodin, which occurs in the thyroid: Its chemical nature and physiologic activity"
2115:
902:
3825:
3384:
2897:
2694:
1708:
The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)
1683:
815:
3507:
3119:"Real-world Evidence from a Narrow Therapeutic Index Product (Levothyroxine) Reflects the Therapeutic Equivalence of Generic Drug Products"
2238:
1509:
3001:
1689:
1527:
1277:. Levothyroxine absorption is increased by fasting and decreased in certain malabsorption syndromes, by certain foods, and with age. The
715:
InChI=1S/C15H11I4NO4/c16-8-4-7(5-9(17)13(8)21)24-14-10(18)1-6(2-11(14)19)3-12(20)15(22)23/h1-2,4-5,12,21H, 3,20H2, (H, 22,23)/t12-/m0/s1
3468:
1584:
5992:
5962:
5932:
3440:
2139:"Variation in the biochemical response to l-thyroxine therapy and relationship with peripheral thyroid hormone conversion efficiency"
5957:
707:
5549:
4774:
3928:
2853:
Mondal S, Raja K, Schweizer U, Mugesh G (June 2016). "Chemistry and
Biology in the Biosynthesis and Action of Thyroid Hormones".
2473:
2447:
3502:
928:
in taking the medicine is the most common cause of elevated TSH levels in people receiving appropriate doses of levothyroxine.
339:
228:
124:
5231:
4034:
3657:
3593:
3487:
1739:
962:
diagnosed with hypothyroidism during pregnancy, as hypothyroidism is associated with a higher rate of complications, such as
4049:
3517:
3492:
3148:
3038:
5902:
2506:
143:
5828:
5741:
4720:
4106:
4101:
3843:
3558:
3124:
1397:
958:
449:
4970:
2254:"Systemic Thyroid Hormone Status During Levothyroxine Therapy In Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
5276:
4763:
3588:
3568:
3401:
2212:
846:
796:
537:
1299:
The primary pathway of thyroid hormone metabolism is through sequential deiodination. The liver is the main site of T
779:
Side effects from excessive doses include weight loss, trouble tolerating heat, sweating, anxiety, trouble sleeping,
838:, and is the treatment of choice for people with hypothyroidism who often require lifelong thyroid hormone therapy.
5768:
5699:
5051:
5046:
4474:
4360:
4214:
4096:
3205:
1285:
1149:
1083:
Many foods and other substances can interfere with absorption of thyroxine. Substances that reduce absorption are
1065:
862:
5823:
5534:
5081:
4920:
4219:
3777:
1703:
849:(TSH), which is considered goiter-inducing. Levothyroxine is also used as interventional therapy in people with
5987:
5659:
5574:
4627:
4456:
4295:
4267:
3848:
3141:
1336:
1242:
1145:
1956:"Levothyroxine treatment reduces thyroid size in children and adolescents with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis"
2320:
4491:
4278:
4077:
3389:
3320:
982:
to maintain normal lactation, appropriate levothyroxine doses should be administered during breastfeeding.
941:
937:
180:
4790:
2039:
Mandel SJ, Brent GA, Larsen PR (September 1993). "Levothyroxine therapy in patients with thyroid disease".
576:
5982:
5221:
4850:
4451:
3923:
3900:
3652:
3433:
2352:
Gidén K, Andersen JT, Torp-Pedersen AL, Enghusen
Poulsen H, Torp-Pedersen C, Jimenez-Solem E (June 2015).
776:
of 7.5 days when taken daily, so about six weeks is required for it to reach a steady level in the blood.
1481:"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)"
5761:
4980:
4975:
4965:
4518:
4284:
3334:
1328:
1112:
1003:
925:
822:. In 2022, it was the fourth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 82
788:
5066:
5056:
2209:"Synthroid (Levothyroxine Sodium) Drug Information: Uses, Side Effects, Drug Interactions and Warnings"
526:
885:
5629:
5404:
5376:
5366:
5061:
4985:
4960:
4528:
4509:
3344:
1480:
1434:
1023:
1007:
963:
373:
308:
2576:
2107:
57:
5843:
5400:
5206:
5106:
5030:
4480:
4209:
3815:
3810:
3782:
3745:
3578:
3563:
3527:
1168:
765:
553:
360:
187:
4830:
5833:
5679:
5434:
5235:
5000:
4805:
4766:
4566:
4270:
3550:
3224:
2835:
2553:
2426:
2383:
2064:
2021:
1866:
1814:
1211:. Approximately 5% of the US population suffers from over- or underproduction of T4 and T3. See
871:
819:
154:
5649:
2234:
1237:; that is, T4 is a precursor to the hormone T3. Whereas T4 is a tetraiodide, T3 is a triiodide,
5141:
5020:
4900:
4395:
2235:"Effects of Evening vs Morning Levothyroxine Intake: A Randomized Double-blind Crossover Trial"
1245:. T3-thyroxine is a unique example of an iodine compound that is essential for human health. T
5624:
5384:
5321:
5261:
5091:
4405:
4400:
3737:
3426:
3215:
3096:
2975:
2893:
2870:
2827:
2792:
2690:
2667:
2632:
2545:
2418:
2375:
2283:
2168:
2056:
2013:
1977:
1936:
1858:
1806:
1679:
1673:
1637:
1393:
1332:
1258:
1254:
1120:
918:
506:
255:
70:
5409:
5015:
4930:
4420:
4390:
2759:
Barreira A, Santos AF, DionĂsio M, Jesus AR, Duarte AR, Petrovski Ĺ˝, et al. (May 2023).
1954:
Svensson J, Ericsson UB, Nilsson P, Olsson C, Jonsson B, Lindberg B, et al. (May 2006).
30:
This article is about levothyroxine as a pharmaceutical drug. For its role as a hormone, see
5669:
5389:
5271:
5201:
5086:
5076:
5071:
4990:
4840:
4663:
4607:
4602:
4582:
4555:
4385:
4355:
3704:
3699:
3305:
3297:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3086:
3076:
2965:
2957:
2926:
2862:
2819:
2782:
2772:
2741:
2659:
2622:
2614:
2537:
2410:
2365:
2273:
2265:
2158:
2150:
2052:
2048:
2005:
1967:
1850:
1798:
1711:
1627:
1619:
1580:
1238:
1212:
1172:
804:
674:
593:
280:
102:
4446:
4325:
4320:
458:
5916:
5346:
5241:
5121:
4430:
4315:
4029:
3662:
3457:
3366:
3288:
3177:
2186:
1426:
1400:
did not agree with the FDA that brand-name and generic formulations of levothyroxine were
1278:
1222:
1152:
1128:
1034:
1011:
971:
914:
898:
784:
741:
438:
298:
288:
31:
4732:
1014:. For oral tablets, the inability to swallow capsules is an additional contraindication.
2787:
2761:"Ionic Levothyroxine Formulations: Synthesis, Bioavailability, and Cytotoxicity Studies"
2760:
2689:(in German) (62nd ed.). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag. pp. 8133–4.
1303:
deiodination, and along with the kidneys, are responsible for about 80% of circulating T
1284:
Greater than 99% of circulating thyroid hormones are bound to plasma proteins including
803:
levels in the blood. Much of the effect of levothyroxine is following its conversion to
580:
557:
369:
5868:
5694:
5614:
5484:
5341:
5196:
5161:
4820:
4653:
4643:
4181:
4150:
4122:
4067:
3962:
3679:
3610:
3395:
3361:
3310:
3091:
3064:
2970:
2945:
2627:
2602:
2278:
2253:
2163:
2138:
1632:
1607:
1401:
1104:
999:
910:
854:
850:
835:
757:
749:
4236:
1854:
5926:
5634:
5509:
5356:
5251:
5216:
5151:
4950:
4910:
4810:
4698:
4648:
4524:
4191:
3967:
3669:
3632:
3340:
2930:
2618:
1870:
1764:
1454:
1388:
in 2004, the decision was met with disagreement by several medical associations. The
1375:
In 2016, it was the most commonly prescribed medication in the US, with more than 114
1340:
1289:
1196:
1176:
1164:
1069:
1054:
879:
769:
753:
664:
569:
267:
116:
2839:
2430:
2354:"Use of thyroid hormones in relation to pregnancy: a Danish nationwide cohort study"
2025:
1818:
1408:
levels should be tested after six weeks to check that they are within normal range.
5853:
5784:
5719:
5689:
5664:
5619:
5564:
5559:
5544:
5539:
5529:
5524:
5449:
5351:
5331:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5291:
5186:
5176:
5005:
4945:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4845:
4835:
4612:
4370:
4335:
3974:
3910:
3895:
3858:
3805:
3772:
3512:
3479:
3190:
3168:
3027:
2557:
2387:
2068:
1419:
1361:
1250:
1204:
1137:
1050:
1038:
1027:
1002:
of any etiology. Levothyroxine is also contraindicated for people with uncorrected
967:
211:
206:
2810:
Carvalho DP, Dupuy C (December 2017). "Thyroid hormone biosynthesis and release".
1731:
2946:"The discovery of thyroid replacement therapy. Part 3: A complete transformation"
398:
5884:
5704:
5674:
5654:
5604:
5479:
5474:
5459:
5429:
5256:
5211:
5171:
5166:
5116:
5111:
5096:
4935:
4895:
4800:
4658:
4597:
4587:
4534:
4514:
4158:
4135:
3637:
3540:
3330:
3275:
3270:
1411:
1365:
1324:
1141:
1096:
761:
191:
110:
48:
2414:
1924:
1356:
1075:
The effects of overdosing appear 6 hours to 11 days after ingestion.
316:
ca. 7 days (in hyperthyroidism 3–4 days, in hypothyroidism 9–10 days)
5818:
5813:
5803:
5684:
5644:
5589:
5579:
5519:
5504:
5489:
5469:
5444:
5439:
5419:
5414:
5371:
5361:
5326:
5301:
5281:
5246:
5225:
5181:
5156:
4940:
4905:
4890:
4885:
4854:
4815:
4795:
4688:
4415:
4410:
4380:
4350:
4186:
4072:
3722:
3674:
3603:
3598:
3200:
2823:
2541:
2502:
1234:
1225:
is the mirror form of levothryoxine with the opposite, non-natural chirality.
1124:
1108:
1100:
945:
629:
429:
40:
3081:
2961:
936:
For older people (over 50 years old) and people with known or suspected
795:
has been found to be safe. Dosing should be based on regular measurements of
5848:
5808:
5609:
5599:
5594:
5584:
5569:
5554:
5499:
5454:
5424:
5286:
5266:
5191:
5131:
5126:
4995:
4925:
4915:
4860:
4592:
4345:
3989:
3918:
3800:
3712:
3647:
3573:
3293:
3264:
3229:
3028:"Monitoring FDA MedWatch Reports: Signals for Dabigatran and Metoclopramide"
2191:
1116:
1088:
1084:
792:
773:
321:
96:
3100:
2979:
2874:
2866:
2831:
2796:
2736:"Synthesis and Characterization of Potential Impurities in Levothyroxine".
2671:
2636:
2549:
2422:
2379:
2287:
2208:
2172:
2017:
1981:
1940:
1862:
1810:
1789:
Vaidya B, Pearce SH (July 2008). "Management of hypothyroidism in adults".
1641:
1414:
include
Eltroxin, Euthyrox, Eutirox, Letrox, Levaxin, LĂ©vothyrox, Levoxyl,
2663:
2269:
2060:
5863:
5798:
5514:
5494:
5464:
5336:
5296:
5146:
5136:
5010:
4703:
4693:
4617:
4140:
4039:
4021:
3979:
3957:
3880:
3872:
3853:
3835:
3764:
3642:
3535:
3497:
2777:
2745:
1972:
1955:
1654:
1608:"Chemistry of Thyroxine: Constitution and Synthesis of Desiodo-Thyroxine"
1208:
1133:
1092:
1042:
906:
679:
Slightly soluble (0.105 mg·mL at 25 °C) mg/mL (20 °C)
409:
138:
17:
3133:
2009:
1759:
1757:
1716:
1657:
418:
5724:
5709:
5639:
5101:
4825:
4425:
4340:
4044:
4011:
4006:
3998:
3885:
3820:
3691:
3449:
3195:
3164:
2370:
2353:
2154:
1293:
1270:
1160:
384:
1623:
5889:
5858:
4683:
4549:
4168:
4130:
3949:
3890:
3260:
3063:
Dutta D, Jindal R, Kumar M, Mehta D, Dhall A, Sharma M (March 2021).
1802:
865:, which is defined by an elevated TSH level and a normal-range free T
842:
780:
517:
2914:
486:
478:
4201:
4176:
4087:
4059:
3792:
1355:
1274:
1046:
884:
652:
643:
497:
2712:"Oral Levothyroxine Absorption Reduced By Cow's Milk Consumption"
2571:
2569:
2567:
2401:
Frilling A, Liu C, Weber F (2004). "Benign multinodular goiter".
1765:"Levothyroxine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022"
2603:"Effects of grapefruit juice on the absorption of levothyroxine"
2137:
Midgley JE, Larisch R, Dietrich JW, Hoermann R (December 2015).
1058:
469:
5757:
5753:
4736:
4240:
3422:
3137:
261:
133:
1488:
1156:
894:
1041:, abdominal pain, nausea, anxiousness, confusion, agitation,
1364:
package of generic
Euthyrox (levothyroxine) manufactured by
756:. It may also be used to treat and prevent certain types of
542:
3418:
2995:"The Use of Medicines in the United States: Review of 2011"
2252:
McAninch EA, Rajan KB, Miller CH, Bianco AC (August 2018).
237:
165:
3000:. IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics. Archived from
2888:
Sherwood L (2010). "19 The
Peripheral Endocrine Glands".
1323:
Thyroxine was first isolated in pure form in 1914 at the
1241:. The T4 → T3 conversion is mediated by the selenoenzyme
1175:
can also adversely affect absorption. A study found that
787:. Use is not recommended in people who have had a recent
4775:
1841:
Roberts CG, Ladenson PW (March 2004). "Hypothyroidism".
250:
816:
1292:(previously called thyroxine-binding prealbumin), and
5900:
1583:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
1331:
from extracts of hog thyroid glands. The hormone was
1026:(low TSH levels are also well known to contribute to
2601:
Lilja JJ, Laitinen K, Neuvonen PJ (September 2005).
2258:
The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
1960:
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
1433:-thyroxine) was used in the past as a treatment for
1253:
and causes metabolic effects through the control of
5943:
Hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis
5877:
5791:
5029:
4773:
4676:
4626:
4565:
4548:
4490:
4473:
4439:
4369:
4308:
4294:
4277:
4200:
4167:
4149:
4121:
4086:
4058:
4020:
3997:
3988:
3948:
3941:
3909:
3871:
3834:
3791:
3763:
3754:
3736:
3690:
3623:
3549:
3526:
3478:
3467:
3456:
3354:
3319:
3286:
3223:
3214:
3176:
1123:may decrease the bioavailability of levothyroxine.
814:Levothyroxine was first made in 1927. It is on the
752:(hypothyroidism), including a severe form known as
673:
663:
641:
628:
592:
587:
568:
536:
516:
496:
468:
448:
428:
408:
383:
359:
330:
320:
307:
297:
287:
279:
227:
222:
197:
179:
153:
123:
109:
91:
79:
69:
64:
1923:Gaitonde DY, Rowley KD, Sweeney LB (August 2012).
1390:American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
1368:and marketed by Provell Pharmaceuticals in the US
1191:Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of thyroxine (T
870:levels above 10 mIU/L, people with elevated
4628:
4296:
2442:
2440:
2321:"Novothyrox (levothyroxine sodium tablets, USP)"
1678:. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 544.
397:
4492:
368:
3069:Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
5973:World Health Organization essential medicines
5769:
4748:
4252:
3434:
3149:
2358:Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
1296:. Only free hormone is metabolically active.
695:NC(Cc1cc(I)c(Oc2cc(I)c(O)c(I)c2)c(I)c1)C(O)=O
8:
2102:
2100:
2098:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
142:
39:
5031:
3037:. Institute for Safe Medication Practices.
2919:Journal of the American Medical Association
2765:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
2496:
2494:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1281:of the drug is decreased by dietary fiber.
303:Mainly in liver, kidneys, brain and muscles
5776:
5762:
5754:
5082:Allopregnanedione (5α-dihydroprogesterone)
4755:
4741:
4733:
4567:
4562:
4487:
4305:
4291:
4259:
4245:
4237:
3994:
3945:
3760:
3475:
3464:
3441:
3427:
3419:
3220:
3156:
3142:
3134:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1667:
1665:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1249:binds to thyroid receptor proteins in the
1215:for more information on its biosynthesis.
1213:Thyroid hormones § Thyroid metabolism
1068:activity, thus may require treatment with
1061:, and unrecognized adrenal insufficiency.
579:
556:
437:
56:
47:
3090:
3080:
2969:
2786:
2776:
2626:
2369:
2277:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2162:
1971:
1715:
1631:
1010:by increasing the metabolic clearance of
834:Levothyroxine is typically used to treat
457:
4780:Tooltip Constitutive androstane receptor
2950:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
2607:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
2474:"Synthroid- levothyroxine sodium tablet"
1528:"Regulatory Decision Summary - Tirosint"
1033:Too high a dose of levothyroxine causes
889:Generic levothyroxine, 25-ÎĽg oral tablet
669:231 to 233 °C (448 to 451 °F)
5907:
2053:10.7326/0003-4819-119-6-199309150-00009
1692:from the original on 10 September 2017.
1446:
712:
692:
552:
417:
344:
115:
5535:Pregnanedione (5β-dihydroprogesterone)
4921:Pregnanedione (5β-dihydroprogesterone)
3044:from the original on 25 September 2013
2448:"Levoxyl- levothyroxine sodium tablet"
2241:from the original on 6 September 2015.
2118:from the original on 29 September 2014
570:
38:
1710:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
1587:from the original on 21 December 2016
1510:"THOXINE (Accord Healthcare Pty Ltd)"
525:
505:
101:
7:
2812:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
2530:International Urology and Nephrology
2509:from the original on 14 October 2008
1455:"Levothyroxine Use During Pregnancy"
861:Levothyroxine is also used to treat
210:
5938:Halogen-containing natural products
1742:from the original on 30 August 2024
1006:, as thyroid hormones may cause an
485:
477:
388:
5978:Iodine-containing natural products
4457:Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (Tetrac)
1179:reduces levothyroxine absorption.
818:. Levothyroxine is available as a
25:
5968:Thyroid hormone receptor agonists
2333:from the original on 7 March 2013
5910:
4654:Ipodate sodium (sodium iopodate)
4633:Tooltip Iodothyronine deiodinase
4301:Tooltip Thyroid hormone receptor
3929:5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine
2931:10.1001/jama.1915.02570510018005
2658:(3). Mary Ann Liebert: 293–301.
2619:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02433.x
2577:"Taking synthroid the right way"
2215:from the original on 11 May 2010
1998:Nuklearmedizin. Nuclear Medicine
1514:Therapeutic Goods Administration
616:
604:
4497:Tooltip Sodium-iodide symporter
2403:Scandinavian Journal of Surgery
1675:Pharmacology for Women's Health
1037:. Overdose can result in heart
978:after the dosage is increased.
720:Key:XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-LBPRGKRZSA-N
5953:Iodinated tyrosine derivatives
5087:Allopregnanolone (brexanolone)
903:deiodinase activity (SPINA-GD)
619:
610:
598:
376:(levothyroxine sodium hydrate)
1:
5948:Hormones of the thyroid gland
5742:Receptor/signaling modulators
5700:Tropanyl 3,5-dimethulbenzoate
5550:Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile
4721:Receptor/signaling modulators
2738:Chemical Science Transactions
1855:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15696-1
1422:versions also are available.
841:It may also be used to treat
740:, is a synthetic form of the
5829:Human chorionic gonadotropin
3125:Food and Drug Administration
2892:. Brooks/Cole. p. 694.
2501:Irizarry L (23 April 2010).
2108:"Levothyroxine (Lexi-Drugs)"
1672:King TL, Brucker MC (2010).
1398:American Thyroid Association
1335:in 1927 by British chemists
1315:is eliminated in the stool.
1195:), which is secreted by the
959:Food and Drug Administration
5277:Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid
5036:Tooltip Pregnane X receptor
4764:Xenobiotic-sensing receptor
2710:Biscaldi L (2 April 2017).
2503:"Toxicity, Thyroid Hormone"
2041:Annals of Internal Medicine
1925:"Hypothyroidism: an update"
952:Pregnancy and breastfeeding
847:thyroid-stimulating hormone
797:thyroid-stimulating hormone
6009:
4572:Tooltip Thyroid peroxidase
4416:Sobetirome (GC-1, GRX-431)
4097:Insulin-like growth factor
3206:Thyroid gland preparations
2415:10.1177/145749690409300405
1720:. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
1286:thyroxine-binding globulin
863:subclinical hypothyroidism
760:. It is not indicated for
750:thyroid hormone deficiency
588:Chemical and physical data
351:)-2-Amino-3-propanoic acid
75:Synthroid, Levoxyl, others
29:
5993:1914 in the United States
5963:Drugs developed by Pfizer
5933:Drugs developed by AbbVie
5824:Gonadotropin preparations
5733:
4712:
3379:
2824:10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.038
2542:10.1007/s11255-006-9166-6
1929:American Family Physician
1704:World Health Organization
878:It is also used to treat
845:via its ability to lower
764:. Levothyroxine is taken
703:
683:
335:
55:
46:
5958:Drugs developed by Merck
5660:Testosterone isocaproate
5575:Reverse triiodothyronine
4268:Thyroid hormone receptor
3216:Antithyroid preparations
3082:10.4103/ijem.IJEM_789_20
2962:10.1258/jrsm.2010.10k052
2187:Hypothyroidism~treatment
1337:Charles Robert Harington
1243:iodothyronine deiodinase
5052:17α-Hydroxyprogesterone
5047:17α-Hydroxypregnenolone
3321:Sodium-iodide symporter
2944:Slater S (March 2011).
1612:The Biochemical Journal
1379:million prescriptions.
1155:increase its toxicity.
942:acute coronary syndrome
826:million prescriptions.
768:(by mouth) or given by
748:). It is used to treat
3924:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
3901:Pancreatic polypeptide
2867:10.1002/anie.201601116
1581:"Levothyroxine Sodium"
1369:
938:ischemic heart disease
890:
772:. Levothyroxine has a
4791:6,7-Dimethylesculetin
4519:potassium perchlorate
4510:Cyanogenic glycosides
3335:Potassium perchlorate
2685:Jasek W, ed. (2007).
2664:10.1089/thy.2007.0222
2270:10.1210/jc.2018-01361
2143:Endocrine Connections
1732:"The Top 300 of 2022"
1606:Harington CR (1926).
1359:
1329:Edward Calvin Kendall
1113:polystyrene sulfonate
1004:adrenal insufficiency
946:abnormal heart rhythm
888:
770:intravenous injection
5378:Hypericum perforatum
5367:Hetacillin potassium
4529:sodium pertechnetate
4381:Eprotirome (KB-2115)
4374:(selective agonists)
3345:Sodium pertechnetate
2778:10.3390/ijms24108822
2746:10.7598/cst2016.1288
2716:endocrinologyadvisor
1973:10.1210/jc.2005-2400
1435:hypercholesterolemia
1024:bone mineral density
1008:acute adrenal crisis
964:spontaneous abortion
83:3,5,3′,5′-Tetraiodo-
5844:Luteinizing hormone
5207:Cyproterone acetate
5107:Amlodipine besylate
4210:Natriuretic peptide
3528:Posterior pituitary
3513:Somatostatin (GHIH)
3129:. 19 November 2020.
3007:on 26 November 2013
2913:Kendall EC (1915).
2010:10.1160/nukmed-0068
1347:Society and culture
1229:Mechanism of action
1169:calcium supplements
675:Solubility in water
246:(Prescription only)
43:
5834:Interferon beta-1a
5680:Thonzonium bromide
5435:Methylprednisolone
5236:prasterone sulfate
4351:Tiratricol (TRIAC)
3551:Anterior pituitary
3406:Never to phase III
3225:Thyroid peroxidase
2371:10.1111/aogs.12621
2155:10.1530/EC-15-0056
1370:
891:
872:thyroid peroxidase
820:generic medication
5898:
5897:
5751:
5750:
5385:Indinavir sulfate
5092:Alpha-Lipoic acid
5067:Δ-Androstenedione
5057:Δ-Androstenedione
4730:
4729:
4672:
4671:
4559:
4544:
4543:
4484:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4288:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4117:
4116:
3937:
3936:
3867:
3866:
3619:
3618:
3416:
3415:
3375:
3374:
2925:(25): 2042–2043.
2899:978-0-495-39184-5
2861:(27): 7606–7630.
2855:Angewandte Chemie
2696:978-3-85200-181-4
2264:(12): 4533–4542.
1849:(9411): 793–803.
1685:978-1-4496-5800-7
1624:10.1042/bj0200300
1534:. 23 October 2014
1425:The related drug
1394:Endocrine Society
1259:protein synthesis
1255:DNA transcription
1121:calcium carbonate
994:Contraindications
919:total cholesterol
728:
727:
654:Interactive image
538:CompTox Dashboard
265:
253:
241:
169:
136:
16:(Redirected from
6000:
5915:
5914:
5913:
5906:
5778:
5771:
5764:
5755:
5670:Thiamylal sodium
5405:Îł-linolenic acid
5401:α-Linolenic acid
5399:Linolenic acid:
5390:Lasalocid sodium
5380:(St John's wort)
5272:Docusate calcium
5202:Cyclophosphamide
5077:Allopregnanediol
5062:Δ-Androstenediol
5037:
5033:
4991:Ethinylestradiol
4841:Cyclophosphamide
4781:
4777:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4734:
4664:Propylthiouracil
4634:
4630:
4608:Propylthiouracil
4603:Methylthiouracil
4583:Benzylthiouracil
4573:
4569:
4563:
4553:
4498:
4494:
4488:
4478:
4356:Triiodothyronine
4306:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4282:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4238:
3995:
3990:Digestive system
3946:
3761:
3700:Thyroid hormones
3476:
3465:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3420:
3306:Propylthiouracil
3252:Benzylthiouracil
3247:Methylthiouracil
3242:Propylthiouracil
3221:
3178:Thyroid hormones
3158:
3151:
3144:
3135:
3130:
3105:
3104:
3094:
3084:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3032:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3006:
2999:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2973:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2890:Human Physiology
2885:
2879:
2878:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2790:
2780:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2630:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2573:
2562:
2561:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2444:
2435:
2434:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2373:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2332:
2325:
2317:
2292:
2291:
2281:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2205:
2194:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2166:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2104:
2073:
2072:
2036:
2030:
2029:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1975:
1966:(5): 1729–1734.
1951:
1945:
1944:
1920:
1875:
1874:
1838:
1823:
1822:
1803:10.1136/bmj.a801
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1761:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1669:
1660:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1635:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1577:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1485:nctr-crs.fda.gov
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1451:
1432:
1417:
1378:
1265:Pharmacokinetics
1239:triiodothyronine
1173:iron supplements
825:
805:triiodothyronine
737:
733:, also known as
656:
636:
621:
618:
612:
606:
600:
583:
572:
561:
560:
546:
544:
529:
509:
489:
481:
461:
441:
421:
401:
391:
390:
372:
312:
270:
263:
260:
252:
249:
239:
236:
214:
167:
164:
146:
135:
132:
119:
105:
86:
60:
51:
44:
42:
21:
6008:
6007:
6003:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5998:
5997:
5988:1914 in science
5923:
5922:
5921:
5911:
5909:
5901:
5899:
5894:
5873:
5787:
5782:
5752:
5747:
5729:
5630:Suberoylanilide
5347:Fluorometholone
5242:Dibunate sodium
5122:Aurothioglucose
5035:
5025:
4961:3,17β-Estradiol
4779:
4769:
4761:
4731:
4726:
4708:
4668:
4632:
4622:
4571:
4552:
4540:
4537:
4499:
4496:
4477:
4461:
4435:
4373:
4365:
4361:Thyroid extract
4316:Dextrothyroxine
4300:
4281:
4273:
4265:
4235:
4226:
4196:
4163:
4145:
4113:
4082:
4054:
4016:
3984:
3933:
3905:
3863:
3830:
3787:
3750:
3732:
3716:
3708:
3686:
3670:Adrenal medulla
3663:Androstenedione
3615:
3545:
3522:
3470:
3459:
3452:
3447:
3417:
3412:
3411:
3396:Clinical trials
3371:
3367:Dibromotyrosine
3350:
3323:
3315:
3292:
3282:
3227:
3210:
3172:
3162:
3117:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3030:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3010:
3008:
3004:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2900:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2575:
2574:
2565:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2500:
2499:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2446:
2445:
2438:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2295:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2218:
2216:
2207:
2206:
2197:
2184:
2180:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2106:
2105:
2076:
2038:
2037:
2033:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1922:
1921:
1878:
1840:
1839:
1826:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1763:
1762:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1686:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1653:
1649:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1579:
1578:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1493:
1491:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1430:
1427:dextrothyroxine
1415:
1407:
1385:
1383:Available forms
1376:
1354:
1349:
1321:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1279:bioavailability
1267:
1248:
1231:
1223:Dextrothyroxine
1202:
1194:
1189:
1153:antidepressants
1129:bioavailability
1081:
1035:hyperthyroidism
1020:
1012:glucocorticoids
996:
988:
972:premature birth
954:
934:
915:LDL cholesterol
899:body mass index
868:
851:nodular thyroid
832:
823:
810:
802:
785:fast heart rate
747:
742:thyroid hormone
735:
724:
721:
716:
711:
710:
699:
696:
691:
690:
659:
634:
624:
615:
609:
603:
564:
540:
532:
512:
492:
464:
444:
424:
404:
387:
379:
355:
352:
343:
342:
326:Feces and urine
310:
289:Bioavailability
281:Pharmacokinetic
275:
268:
218:
182:
175:
156:
149:
84:
35:
32:Thyroid hormone
28:
27:Thyroid hormone
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6006:
6004:
5996:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5925:
5924:
5920:
5919:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5887:
5881:
5879:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5871:
5869:Tegafur/uracil
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5795:
5793:
5789:
5788:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5773:
5766:
5758:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5745:
5738:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5713:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5695:Troleandomycin
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5615:Spironolactone
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5485:Norelgestromin
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5342:Flucloxacillin
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5229:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5197:Corticosterone
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5162:Chlorpromazine
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5040:
5038:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4981:17-Androstanol
4978:
4976:3β-Androstanol
4973:
4971:3α-Androstenol
4968:
4966:3α-Androstanol
4963:
4954:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4821:Chlorpromazine
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4784:
4782:
4771:
4770:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4737:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4644:Dexpropranolol
4637:
4635:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4576:
4574:
4560:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4532:
4525:Pertechnetates
4522:
4512:
4503:
4501:
4485:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4377:
4375:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4312:
4310:
4303:
4289:
4275:
4274:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4241:
4232:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4206:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4173:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4155:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4127:
4125:
4123:Adipose tissue
4119:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4093:
4091:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4068:Enteroglucagon
4064:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4026:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3968:Beta thymosins
3965:
3954:
3952:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3915:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3877:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3840:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3797:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3742:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3696:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3680:Norepinephrine
3677:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3633:Adrenal cortex
3629:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3555:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3473:
3462:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3423:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3362:Diiodotyrosine
3358:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3338:
3327:
3325:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3302:
3300:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3235:
3233:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3113:
3112:External links
3110:
3107:
3106:
3055:
3018:
2985:
2956:(3): 100–106.
2936:
2905:
2898:
2880:
2845:
2802:
2751:
2728:
2702:
2695:
2677:
2642:
2613:(3): 337–341.
2593:
2563:
2536:(2): 599–602.
2520:
2490:
2465:
2436:
2409:(4): 278–281.
2393:
2364:(6): 591–597.
2344:
2293:
2244:
2226:
2195:
2178:
2149:(4): 196–205.
2129:
2074:
2047:(6): 492–502.
2031:
1987:
1946:
1935:(3): 244–251.
1876:
1824:
1781:
1753:
1723:
1695:
1684:
1661:
1647:
1618:(2): 300–313.
1598:
1545:
1519:
1501:
1472:
1461:. 31 July 2019
1445:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1405:
1384:
1381:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1266:
1263:
1246:
1230:
1227:
1205:biosynthesized
1200:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1105:cholestyramine
1080:
1077:
1019:
1016:
1000:thyrotoxicosis
995:
992:
987:
984:
953:
950:
933:
930:
911:hypothyroidism
866:
855:thyroid cancer
836:hypothyroidism
831:
828:
808:
800:
758:thyroid tumors
745:
726:
725:
723:
722:
719:
717:
714:
706:
705:
704:
701:
700:
698:
697:
694:
686:
685:
684:
681:
680:
677:
671:
670:
667:
661:
660:
658:
657:
649:
647:
639:
638:
632:
626:
625:
622:
613:
607:
601:
596:
590:
589:
585:
584:
574:
566:
565:
563:
562:
549:
547:
534:
533:
531:
530:
522:
520:
514:
513:
511:
510:
502:
500:
494:
493:
491:
490:
484:as salt:
482:
474:
472:
466:
465:
463:
462:
454:
452:
446:
445:
443:
442:
434:
432:
426:
425:
423:
422:
414:
412:
406:
405:
403:
402:
394:
392:
381:
380:
378:
377:
365:
363:
357:
356:
354:
353:
346:
338:
337:
336:
333:
332:
328:
327:
324:
318:
317:
314:
305:
304:
301:
295:
294:
291:
285:
284:
277:
276:
274:
273:
258:
247:
233:
231:
225:
224:
220:
219:
217:
216:
203:
201:
195:
194:
185:
183:administration
177:
176:
174:
173:
171:
161:
159:
151:
150:
148:
147:
129:
127:
121:
120:
113:
107:
106:
99:
89:
88:
81:
77:
76:
73:
67:
66:
62:
61:
53:
52:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6005:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5983:Organoiodides
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5918:
5908:
5904:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5839:Levothyroxine
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5790:
5786:
5779:
5774:
5772:
5767:
5765:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5744:
5743:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5732:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5715:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5635:Sulfisoxazole
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5510:Phenobarbital
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5396:
5395:Levothyroxine
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5357:Guggulsterone
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5252:Dicloxacillin
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5233:
5230:
5227:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5217:Dexamethasone
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5152:Cephaloridine
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5034:
5028:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4951:Valproic acid
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4911:Phenobarbital
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4811:Carbamazepine
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4778:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4758:
4753:
4751:
4746:
4744:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4715:
4714:
4711:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4699:Thyroglobulin
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4649:Iopanoic acid
4647:
4645:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4631:
4625:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4570:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4551:
4547:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4495:
4489:
4486:
4482:
4476:
4472:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4371:Thyromimetics
4368:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4331:Levothyroxine
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4262:
4257:
4255:
4250:
4248:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4193:
4192:Prostaglandin
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
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3472:
3469:Hypothalamic–
3466:
3463:
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3455:
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3432:
3430:
3425:
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3405:
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3378:
3368:
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3360:
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3353:
3346:
3342:
3341:Pertechnetate
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:derivatives:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
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3226:
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3219:
3217:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3186:Levothyroxine
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3147:
3145:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3128:
3126:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3059:
3056:
3040:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3019:
3003:
2996:
2993:Kleinrock M.
2989:
2986:
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2977:
2972:
2967:
2963:
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2743:
2739:
2732:
2729:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2687:Austria-Codex
2681:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2629:
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2608:
2604:
2597:
2594:
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2578:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
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2531:
2524:
2521:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2454:. 31 May 2019
2453:
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2263:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2193:
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2188:
2182:
2179:
2174:
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2165:
2160:
2156:
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2148:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2130:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2099:
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2089:
2087:
2085:
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2081:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
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1911:
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1564:
1562:
1560:
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1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1533:
1532:Health Canada
1529:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1402:bioequivalent
1399:
1395:
1391:
1382:
1380:
1373:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1341:George Barger
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1318:
1316:
1308:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1290:transthyretin
1287:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1197:thyroid gland
1186:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1070:beta-blockers
1067:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1055:heart failure
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
993:
991:
985:
983:
979:
975:
973:
969:
965:
960:
951:
949:
947:
943:
939:
931:
929:
927:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
887:
883:
881:
880:myxedema coma
876:
873:
864:
859:
856:
852:
848:
844:
839:
837:
829:
827:
821:
817:
812:
806:
798:
794:
791:. Use during
790:
786:
782:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
754:myxedema coma
751:
743:
739:
732:
731:Levothyroxine
718:
713:
709:
702:
693:
689:
682:
678:
676:
672:
668:
666:
665:Melting point
662:
655:
651:
650:
648:
645:
640:
633:
631:
627:
597:
595:
591:
586:
582:
578:
575:
573:
571:ECHA InfoCard
567:
559:
555:
554:DTXSID8023214
551:
550:
548:
539:
535:
528:
524:
523:
521:
519:
515:
508:
504:
503:
501:
499:
495:
488:
483:
480:
476:
475:
473:
471:
467:
460:
456:
455:
453:
451:
447:
440:
436:
435:
433:
431:
427:
420:
416:
415:
413:
411:
407:
400:
396:
395:
393:
386:
382:
375:
371:
367:
366:
364:
362:
358:
350:
345:
341:
334:
329:
325:
323:
319:
315:
313:
306:
302:
300:
296:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
271:
259:
257:
248:
245:
235:
234:
232:
230:
226:
221:
213:
208:
205:
204:
202:
200:
196:
193:
189:
186:
184:
178:
172:
163:
162:
160:
158:
152:
145:
144:Levothyroxine
140:
131:
130:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
98:
94:
90:
82:
78:
74:
72:
68:
65:Clinical data
63:
59:
54:
50:
45:
41:Levothyroxine
37:
33:
19:
5854:Mitoxantrone
5838:
5785:Merck Serono
5740:
5720:Ketoconazole
5717:Antagonists:
5716:
5690:Troglitazone
5665:Tetracycline
5620:Spiroxatrine
5565:Quingestrone
5560:Progesterone
5545:Pregnenolone
5540:Pregnanolone
5530:Pregnanediol
5525:Prednisolone
5450:Mifepristone
5394:
5377:
5352:Griseofulvin
5332:Fenbendazole
5317:Famprofazone
5312:Erythromycin
5307:Epothilone B
5292:Eburnamonine
5187:Clotrimazole
5177:Clofenvinfos
5112:Antimycotics
5043:
5006:Okadaic acid
4958:Antagonists:
4957:
4946:Troglitazone
4881:Mifepristone
4876:Methoxychlor
4871:Griseofulvin
4866:Ellagic acid
4846:Cypermethrin
4836:Clotrimazole
4787:
4717:
4716:
4640:
4613:2-Thiouracil
4579:
4535:Thiocyanates
4515:Perchlorates
4506:
4336:Liothyronine
4330:
3975:Thymopoietin
3911:Pineal gland
3896:Somatostatin
3859:Progesterone
3806:Progesterone
3773:Testosterone
3756:Gonadal axis
3728:Thyroid axis
3625:Adrenal axis
3480:Hypothalamus
3263:-containing
3238:Thiouracils
3228:inhibitors (
3191:Liothyronine
3185:
3122:
3075:(2): 76–85.
3072:
3068:
3058:
3046:. Retrieved
3035:QuarterWatch
3034:
3021:
3009:. Retrieved
3002:the original
2988:
2953:
2949:
2939:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2889:
2883:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2771:(10): 8822.
2768:
2764:
2754:
2737:
2731:
2719:. Retrieved
2715:
2705:
2686:
2680:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2610:
2606:
2596:
2584:. Retrieved
2580:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2511:. Retrieved
2481:. Retrieved
2477:
2468:
2456:. Retrieved
2451:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2361:
2357:
2347:
2335:. Retrieved
2261:
2257:
2247:
2229:
2217:. Retrieved
2185:
2181:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2120:. Retrieved
2111:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2004:(3): 65–75.
2001:
1997:
1990:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1932:
1928:
1846:
1842:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1772:. Retrieved
1768:
1744:. Retrieved
1735:
1726:
1717:10665/371090
1707:
1698:
1674:
1650:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1589:. Retrieved
1536:. Retrieved
1531:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1492:. Retrieved
1484:
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1458:
1449:
1424:
1410:
1392:(AACE), the
1386:
1374:
1371:
1362:blister pack
1360:A 30 tablet
1322:
1309:
1298:
1283:
1268:
1251:cell nucleus
1232:
1221:
1217:
1190:
1181:
1138:hypertension
1091:-containing
1082:
1079:Interactions
1074:
1063:
1051:hypoglycemia
1039:palpitations
1032:
1028:osteoporosis
1021:
1018:Side effects
997:
989:
980:
976:
968:preeclampsia
955:
935:
932:50 and older
923:
892:
877:
860:
840:
833:
813:
789:heart attack
778:
744:thyroxine (T
734:
730:
729:
348:
309:Elimination
229:Legal status
223:Legal status
125:License data
36:
5885:Merck Group
5705:Zafirlukast
5675:Thiothixene
5655:Terconazole
5605:Simvastatin
5480:Nisoldipine
5475:Nilvadipine
5460:Nicardipine
5430:Metacycline
5257:Dimercaprol
5212:Demecolcine
5172:Clindamycin
5167:Ciglitazone
5117:Artemisinin
5097:Ambrisentan
5001:Nigramide J
4936:Telmisartan
4896:Nicardipine
4806:Benfuracarb
4801:Artemisinin
4659:Propranolol
4641:Inhibitors:
4598:Methimazole
4588:Carbimazole
4580:Inhibitors:
4507:Inhibitors:
4475:Transporter
4440:Antagonists
4159:Osteocalcin
4136:Adiponectin
3963:Thymosin α1
3738:Parathyroid
3638:Aldosterone
3541:Vasopressin
3392:from market
3331:Perchlorate
3276:Methimazole
3271:Carbimazole
2721:18 February
2586:18 February
2483:21 February
2458:21 February
1465:22 February
1412:Brand names
1333:synthesized
1325:Mayo Clinic
1150:tetracyclic
1142:tachycardia
1097:simethicone
1066:sympathetic
853:disease or
830:Medical use
799:(TSH) and T
762:weight loss
637: g·mol
577:100.000.093
507:CHEBI:18332
331:Identifiers
192:intravenous
111:MedlinePlus
80:Other names
71:Trade names
5927:Categories
5819:Efalizumab
5814:Cladribine
5804:Bisoprolol
5685:Tianeptine
5650:Tenylidone
5645:Tacrolimus
5590:Rimexolone
5580:Rifampicin
5520:Plicamycin
5505:Paclitaxel
5490:Omeprazole
5470:Nifedipine
5445:Mevastatin
5440:Metyrapone
5420:Lovastatin
5415:Loratadine
5372:Hyperforin
5362:Haloprogin
5327:Felodipine
5302:Enzacamene
5282:Dronabinol
5247:Diclazuril
5226:prasterone
5182:Chloroxine
5157:Cephradine
5127:Bile acids
4941:Tolnaftate
4906:Permethrin
4891:Nevirapine
4886:Nefazodone
4855:prasterone
4816:Carvedilol
4796:Amiodarone
4767:modulators
4689:Iodine-131
4556:inhibitors
4411:Resmetirom
4271:modulators
4187:Calcitriol
4073:Peptide YY
3723:Calcitonin
3675:Adrenaline
3604:Lipotropin
3599:Endorphins
3289:conversion
3201:Tiratricol
2513:31 October
2211:. RxList.
1591:8 December
1494:22 October
1441:References
1396:, and the
1366:Merck KGaA
1273:and upper
1235:prohormone
1177:cow's milk
1136:may cause
1125:Grapefruit
1109:colestipol
1101:sucralfate
926:compliance
738:-thyroxine
642:3D model (
630:Molar mass
527:ChEMBL1624
459:Q51BO43MG4
430:ChemSpider
361:CAS Number
340:IUPAC name
299:Metabolism
87:-thyronine
5849:Metformin
5809:Cetuximab
5610:Sirolimus
5600:Ritonavir
5595:Riodipine
5585:Rifaximin
5570:Reserpine
5555:Proadifen
5500:Oxatomide
5455:Nafcillin
5425:Meclizine
5287:Droxidopa
5267:Docetaxel
5192:Colforsin
5142:Bumecaine
5132:Bithionol
5044:Agonists:
5021:T-0901317
4996:Meclizine
4926:Reserpine
4916:Phenytoin
4901:Octicizer
4861:Efavirenz
4788:Agonists:
4718:See also:
4593:Genistein
4396:KB-130015
4346:Thyroxine
3958:Thymosins
3919:Melatonin
3801:Estradiol
3648:Cortisone
3574:Prolactin
3471:pituitary
3458:Endocrine
3402:Phase III
3390:Withdrawn
3324:inhibitor
3265:imidazole
3230:thioamide
3167:therapy (
3026:Moore T.
2581:Synthroid
2505:. WebMd.
2192:eMedicine
1871:208792613
1774:30 August
1746:30 August
1459:Drugs.com
1352:Economics
1187:Chemistry
1146:tricyclic
1117:Sevelamer
1089:magnesium
1085:aluminium
793:pregnancy
774:half-life
374:6106-07-6
322:Excretion
311:half-life
181:Routes of
155:Pregnancy
103:Monograph
97:Drugs.com
18:Thyroxine
5917:Medicine
5864:Serostim
5799:Avelumab
5792:Products
5737:See also
5625:SR-12813
5515:Piperine
5495:Orlistat
5465:Nicotine
5337:Fentanyl
5322:Febantel
5297:Ecopipam
5262:Dinaline
5147:Cafestol
5137:Bosentan
5011:PK-11195
4704:Tyrosine
4694:Selenium
4618:Thiourea
4481:blockers
4406:MB-07811
4401:MB-07344
4309:Agonists
4279:Receptor
4151:Skeleton
4141:Resistin
4040:Secretin
4022:Duodenum
3980:Thymulin
3881:Glucagon
3873:Pancreas
3854:Estrogen
3836:Placenta
3643:Cortisol
3536:Oxytocin
3498:Dopamine
3450:Hormones
3101:34660234
3048:20 April
3039:Archived
3011:20 April
2980:21357978
2875:27226395
2840:31150531
2832:28153798
2818:: 6–15.
2797:37240166
2788:10218257
2740:. 2016.
2672:18341376
2637:16120075
2550:17216296
2507:Archived
2478:DailyMed
2452:DailyMed
2431:38834260
2423:15658668
2380:25732102
2337:20 April
2328:Archived
2288:30124904
2239:Archived
2213:Archived
2173:26335522
2122:20 April
2116:Archived
2112:LexiComp
2026:23972101
2018:17549317
1982:16507633
1941:22962987
1863:15016491
1819:33308816
1811:18662921
1797:: a801.
1769:ClinCalc
1740:Archived
1736:ClinCalc
1706:(2023).
1690:Archived
1655:DrugBank
1642:16743659
1585:Archived
1233:T4 is a
1209:tyrosine
1134:ketamine
1093:antacids
1043:insomnia
986:Children
907:etiology
410:DrugBank
199:ATC code
157:category
139:DailyMed
5878:Related
5725:Sesamin
5710:Zeranol
5640:Suramin
5410:LOE-908
5102:AMI-193
5016:S-07662
4931:TCPOBOP
4826:Chrysin
4527:(e.g.,
4517:(e.g.,
4426:VK-2809
4421:VK-0214
4391:KB-2611
4341:Liotrix
4285:ligands
4045:Motilin
4012:Ghrelin
4007:Gastrin
3999:Stomach
3886:Insulin
3821:Relaxin
3816:Inhibin
3811:Activin
3783:Inhibin
3692:Thyroid
3311:Ipodate
3196:Liotrix
3165:Thyroid
3092:8477739
2971:3046199
2652:Thyroid
2628:1884777
2558:3092250
2388:5525921
2279:6226605
2219:18 July
2164:4557078
2069:2889757
2061:8357116
1658:DB00451
1633:1251714
1420:generic
1319:History
1294:albumin
1271:jejunum
1161:walnuts
635:776.874
594:Formula
419:DB00451
385:PubChem
370:51-48-9
272:Rx only
269:WARNING
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5890:Serono
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5072:AA-861
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4386:KB-141
4169:Kidney
4131:Leptin
4090:/other
3950:Thymus
3891:Amylin
3765:Testis
3658:DHEA-S
3460:glands
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3287:Block
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479:D08125
293:40-80%
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4088:Liver
4078:GLP-1
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3031:(PDF)
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2998:(PDF)
2836:S2CID
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2427:S2CID
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2324:(PDF)
2065:S2CID
2022:S2CID
1867:S2CID
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3097:PMID
3050:2014
3013:2014
2976:PMID
2894:ISBN
2871:PMID
2828:PMID
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2958:doi
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