367:. It grows most actively (and thus provides the most desirable appearance) in spring and fall, and requires frequent watering during summer. Due to its bunch-type growth habit (unique among common sod grasses), it will not spread undesirably or invade adjacent areas once sodded, yet neither will it fill in voids, and periodic maintenance (such as overseeding with Fescue seed) may be required to sustain a homogeneous surface. It has poor wear tolerance compared to Bermuda grass, making it less popular for applications such as athletic fields.
850:
77:
212:
61:
69:
53:
1699:
305:. It takes some weeks to form a visually appealing lawn and further time before it is robust enough for use. Sod largely avoids these problems, and with proper care, newly laid sod is usually fully functional within 30 days of installation and its root system is comparable to that of a seeding lawn two to three years older. Sod also reduces
393:) are less popular as sod than the tall fescues. As their names suggest, they exhibit much thinner leaf blades, and tolerate lower mowing heights than the tall fescues. They may be somewhat more resistant to common diseases. Otherwise, their characteristics are similar. Fine fescues are generally used in mixtures with other grasses.
687:. It has a lush, dark-green color with a dense canopy and a massive root system. Because it has a slow leaf-blade growth and lateral spread, the requirement for mowing is reduced. Captiva has a good–excellent shade tolerance and has excellent pest resistance which means there is less need to use pesticides.
793:
alternative to traditional lawns, as well as providing a habitat for beneficial insects and other wildlife. They often require less watering and fertilization than traditional lawns. Wildflower turf can be used in the restoration of natural habitats, such as meadows, prairies, and wetlands. It is used on
551:
Discovery is a
Bermuda grass that has an exceptional dark blue-green color. It also has extremely slow vertical growth which means that it only needs to be mowed once a month. Discovery has the drought resistance of a Bermuda grass but does not need to be maintained as much as other varieties. It was
272:
It is usually grown locally (within 100 miles of the target market) to minimize both the cost of transport and also the risk of damage to the product. The farms that produce this grass may have many varieties of grass grown in one location to best suit the consumer's use and preference of appearance.
288:
method of cultivating sod. For the very few sod farms that export turf internationally, this soilless sod may travel both lighter and better than traditional sod. Additionally, since the sod is not grown in soil, it does not need to be washed clean of soil down to the bare roots (or sprigs), so time
792:
Wildflower turf is a type of lawn alternative that is made up of a mixture of wildflower seeds. These seeds are sown together and grow to form a lawn of flowers, rather than the traditional monoculture of grass found in a traditional lawn. Wildflower turf can be a low-maintenance and sustainable
276:
It is usually harvested 10 to 18 months after planting, depending on the growing climate. On the farm, it undergoes fertilization, frequent mowing, watering, and subsequent vacuuming to remove the clippings. It is harvested using specialized equipment, precision cut to standardized sizes. Sod is
1200:
582:
who are trying to conserve water. Bella is the world's first dwarf, vegetative bluegrass. It is sold only as sod, not as seed. Bella is a quick grower laterally but has very minimal vertical growth. Because it only grows to about 4 inches in height, it requires less mowing. It grows in
465:
in land cultivated for other purposes. Its one noted weakness is its relatively low tolerance of shade. Given the economic importance of
Bermuda grass (as a sod product, agricultural forage, and, at times, as an invasive weed), it has been the subject of numerous studies.
354:
spp.) is a cool-weather group of grasses originating in Europe, commonly used as sod. It is moderately tolerant to both drought and cold, and as such is especially popular in inland temperate environments referred to in the turf and landscaping industries as the
797:
to provide a low-maintenance alternative to traditional green roof systems. Wildflower turf can help to sequester carbon from the atmosphere, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change and to purify the air by absorbing pollutants and releasing oxygen.
1208:
359:", where summers are too hot for most cool-weather grasses, yet winters are too cold for most warm-weather grasses. Fescue is well-adapted to clay soils, moderately shade-tolerant, and somewhat resistant to disease, yet vulnerable to the diseases
456:
together that usually form a dense plant canopy. This dense plant canopy can be used to propagate clonal varieties by sod, sprigs, or plugs. The aggressive and resilient nature of
Bermuda grass makes it not only an excellent
666:. It is a warm-season grass that does not handle cold weather very well. The majority of this grass is planted in vegetative forms (such as plugs and sod), as seeds are not usually available due to production difficulties.
761:. It is the only uniformly green centipede grass on the market. It is a low-maintenance grass, which retains its color in the fall and greens quickly in the spring. This variety is currently being evaluated by the
1632:
927:
818:, as species-rich communities of plants under 5 cm (1.97 in) tall, on coastal headlands, dune hollows, rivers and lakes, where most of the natural cover was forest. A form of turf community is a
1753:
1399:
142:
that has died and is used as a quicker alternative to re-growing a lawn from seed. Sod is also effective in increasing cooling, improving air and water quality, and assisting in
222:
1279:
931:
1059:
1761:
324:(via seed). For these, sod cultivation is the only means of producing additional plants. To grow these varieties for sale, turf farms use a technique called
806:
Low growing vegetation is referred to as "turf communities" in areas where such growth is not common, as in moss-turf communities of sub
Antarctica, some
497:
breeder Rod Riley. The grass has a distinctive deep blue–green color which makes it popular on golf courses and for private home lawns throughout the
1494:
1560:
1542:
266:
1864:
1437:
967:
1823:
911:
1700:"European Red List of Habitats - Marine Habitat Group A4.13 Mixed faunal turf communities on high energy Atlantic upper circalittoral rock"
1462:
1346:
1737:
1107:
252:
1294:
1169:
1859:
421:
1204:
578:
as a drought-resistant grass that would help states conserve water. It was immediately embraced by schools and homeowners in
502:
517:
environment. The grass was the overall best–performing turfgrass in a two-year drought resistance study commissioned by the
1608:
501:. As a leading cultivar, the research on the grass is extensive. The grass was rated for the best shade tolerance by the
301:
and athletic fields, immediacy is a key factor. Seed may be blown about by the wind, eaten by birds, or fail because of
281:
1255:
1143:
651:
433:
1656:
Usher, M. B. (1983). "Pattern in the Simple Moss-Turf
Communities of the Sub-Antarctic and Maritime Antarctic".
518:
437:
429:
1117:. Division of Agriculture, Forestry, and Veterinary Medicine at Mississippi State University. Archived from
556:
which owns the right to market it in the United States. It grows well in all of the southern United States.
522:
317:
953:
849:
702:
600:
575:
498:
405:
76:
1805:
1463:"Evaluation of Sixty-Day Drought Survival in San Antonio of Established Turfgrass Species and Cultivars"
780:
762:
676:
506:
188:
46:
1557:
1518:
1037:
650:
St. Augustine lawns are a popular coarse, wide–bladed coarse lawn planted throughout many areas of the
1577:
1665:
831:
746:
534:
389:
157:
31:
1783:
971:
680:
612:
321:
277:
typically harvested in small square or rectangular slabs, or large 4-foot-wide (1.2 m) rolls.
1469:
525:. The cultivar was also the top–rated Bermuda grass for drought resistance in a test conducted in
1854:
1681:
313:
103:
1819:
1733:
1273:
907:
718:
706:
480:
1811:
1725:
1673:
855:
714:
636:
485:
401:
143:
1322:
1564:
1230:
710:
632:
624:
571:
514:
328:, where recently harvested sod mats are cut into slender rows and replanted in the field.
298:
99:
1118:
1015:
930:. Louisiana State University, Agricultural Center, Research and Extension. Archived from
1669:
993:
1375:
878:
863:
754:
750:
620:
526:
475:
Celebration
Bermuda grass is a dark–green, fine–textured, aggressive, traffic–tolerant
453:
441:
364:
356:
168:
139:
1848:
1305:
1177:
776:
726:
553:
462:
383:
377:
164:
1530:
1084:
1720:
Littler, Mark M.; Littler, Diane S. (2011). "Algae, Turf". In Hopley, David (ed.).
180:
172:
135:
60:
1729:
269:
reported 1,412 farms had 368,188 acres (149,000.4 ha) of sod in production.
1784:"Ephemeral wetlands and their turfs in New Zealand SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION 230"
1302:
University of
Arkansas - Division of Agriculture - Cooperative Extension Service
873:
815:
738:
644:
592:
530:
360:
285:
149:
134:, home builders or home owners who use it to establish a lawn quickly and avoid
131:
123:
1840:
1815:
1724:. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer Netherlands. pp. 38–39.
312:
Many prized cultivars (such as Bella
Bluegrass, a brand-named dwarf variant of
845:
811:
794:
730:
1147:
819:
734:
659:
596:
494:
490:
458:
325:
176:
68:
1804:
Lane, Charles R.; Beales, Paul A.; Hughes, Kelvin J.D., eds. (2023-07-30).
627:
that is a widely used. A native grass of tropical origin that extends from
552:
developed in Europe. It was made available in the United States in 2011 by
1495:"Response of Six Bermudagrass Cultivars to Different Irrigation Intervals"
52:
1558:
What's New From What's From Buff To Blue: Grasses For a Green
Environment
1323:"The Fine Fescues | Department of Horticulture | Oregon State University"
758:
722:
684:
510:
476:
234:
184:
153:
17:
1685:
742:
538:
445:
347:
306:
302:
127:
1412:
663:
655:
640:
449:
409:
404:
is quite commonly used for golf courses and sports fields across the
192:
1677:
1231:"Tall Fescue | Department of Horticulture | Oregon State University"
1607:
Network, Nicolette Fox for the
Guardian Professional (2013-05-16).
408:. It tolerates a range of climates in the U.S., from hot and humid
1531:
North Carolina Crop Improvement Association (NCCIA) Certified Sod
868:
807:
628:
425:
413:
138:. Sod can be used to repair a small area of lawn, golf course, or
75:
67:
59:
51:
38:
1595:
883:
588:
584:
579:
119:
92:
87:
is the upper layer of turf that is harvested for transplanting.
42:
906:(Edition 1.0 ed.). State College, Pennsylvania: Turfpath.
110:, and the word "sod" is limited mainly to agricultural senses.
1400:
Sod Solutions announces death of turfgrass developer Rod Riley
1201:"US Patent Application Poa pratensis L. named 'NE-KYB-05-001'"
417:
205:
130:
around the world. In residential construction, it is sold to
1144:"The High Cost of Instant Gratification; To Sod or to Seed?"
1567:
University of Nebraska –Lincoln, Retrieved January 31, 2911
513:, "good wear tolerance, quality, and color ratings" in the
183:
was so dense and difficult to cut it earned the nickname "
37:"Turf" redirects here. For an alternative expression, see
198:
Different types of grass are used for sod installation.
1347:"A Taxonomic Key for Selected Turf-Type Bermudagrasses"
775:
Santee grass is another new proprietary selection from
230:
1543:
New variety of Kentucky Bluegrass could conserve water
1438:"Turf Grasses: The Quest for the Ideal Lawn Continues"
954:"Unsure How to Lay Turf? Use This Simple Laying Guide"
537:
elected to install Celebration Bermudagrass in their
1609:"Wildflower Turf: protecting the birds and the bees"
1254:
Service, Martin Anderson, Texas AgriLife Extension.
729:
that grows in the southeast United States, from the
599:
soils, and it is currently being adopted across the
191:
made his fortune when he became the first to make a
179:. This was effective because the prairie sod of the
80:
A typical roller mower operating on a sod grass farm
709:in 1916. It does well in the climate and soils of
1115:Mississippi Landmarks Magazine, Volume 2 Number 4
95:medium that supports a community of turfgrasses.
1016:"The Tallgrass Prairie: An Endangered Landscape"
265:Sod is grown on specialist farms. For 2009, the
1038:"Different Types of Sod Grass For Cool Seasons"
902:Turgeon, Alfred J.; Kaminiski, John E. (2019).
838:, provided a sampling methodology for testing.
623:and Buffalo Turf in Australia) is warm-season,
717:and is the most common home lawn grass in the
1594:J. B. Unruh, L. E. Trenholm, and J. L. Cisar
1413:"Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online"
1256:"Tall Fescue | Archives | Aggie Horticulture"
1085:"Sod Production: From an Economic Standpoint"
1060:"Table 30. Sod, Sprigs, and Plugs Sold: 2019"
219:The examples and perspective in this section
8:
1782:Peter Johnson, Geoff Rogers (October 2003).
1590:
1588:
1586:
1278:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
440:. Established bermuda grass is a network of
1087:. MU Plant Sciences, University of Missouri
928:"Use Sod For Quick Repair Of Damaged Lawns"
705:was introduced into the United States from
1807:Fungal Plant Pathogens: Applied Techniques
1468:. Texas A&M University. Archived from
237:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
1146:. Streamline Publications. Archived from
830:Turfgrasses suffer from a wide number of
253:Learn how and when to remove this message
195:that could reliably cut the prairie sod.
1707:European Environment Information Network
894:
779:, which is also being evaluated by the
533:across the southern United States, the
424:, to the arid expanses of terrain like
267:United States Department of Agriculture
1754:"Natural turfs of diverse tiny plants"
1271:
406:southern portions of the United States
91:consists of a variable thickness of a
1810:(2 ed.). GB: CABI. p. 147.
1295:"Choosing a Grass for Arkansas Lawns"
970:. Sod Growers Council. Archived from
619:) (also known as Charleston grass in
479:with high recuperative potential and
171:by Congress in 1862, settlers in the
7:
156:and a traditional house type is the
1722:Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs
25:
1199:Shearman, Robert C.; et al.
523:Texas A & M extension service
1596:Centipedegrass for Florida Lawns
1576:LE Trenholm and KevinKenworthy
968:"Why Sod is Good for the Planet"
848:
210:
175:used sod bricks to build entire
152:has a long history of employing
106:, sod is more commonly known as
41:. For the Irish expression, see
783:for adaptation to Florida use.:
483:." The cultivar is a breed of
167:, following the passage of the
1548:, Retrieved September 20, 2011
1356:. Sam Houston State University
1205:US Patent and Trademark Office
503:United States Golf Association
297:In many applications, such as
1:
1865:Soil-based building materials
1730:10.1007/978-90-481-2639-2_174
721:. Covington is a proprietary
27:Upper layer of soil and grass
1633:"Wildflower meadow habitats"
1402:World Golf, December 5, 2008
1327:horticulture.oregonstate.edu
1235:horticulture.oregonstate.edu
282:Mississippi State University
1578:Captiva St. Augustine Grass
1519:Citrus Bowl getting new sod
1293:Patton, Aaron; Boyd, John.
1260:aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu
662:, and in tropical parts of
461:but also a challenging and
233:, discuss the issue on the
1881:
1816:10.1079/9781800620575.0047
1791:Department of Conservation
652:Southeastern United States
470:Celebration Bermuda grass:
118:Sod is generally used for
36:
29:
1521:retrieved January 8, 2010
1354:Tarleton State University
1065:. Us Dept. of Agriculture
316:) can only be reproduced
309:by stabilizing the soil.
802:Natural turf communities
725:of centipede grass from
683:resistant St. Augustine
546:Discovery Bermuda grass:
519:San Antonio Water System
289:to export is shortened.
1443:. University of Florida
654:This grass is found in
617:Stenotaphrum secundatum
1860:Landscape architecture
1381:. University of Hawaii
1174:Central Sod Farms, Inc
679:in 2007, Captiva is a
670:Captiva St. Augustine:
601:northern United States
576:University of Nebraska
505:. A researcher at the
499:southern United States
81:
73:
65:
57:
45:. For other uses, see
1580:University of Florida
994:"Life in a Sod House"
781:University of Florida
763:University of Florida
677:University of Florida
574:was developed by the
507:University of Florida
79:
71:
63:
55:
47:Turf (disambiguation)
1758:www.openspace.org.nz
934:on 29 September 2011
904:Turfgrass management
535:Tampa Bay Buccaneers
231:improve this section
221:may not represent a
187:marble". Blacksmith
158:Icelandic turf house
32:Sod (disambiguation)
30:For other uses, see
1670:1983JEcol..71..945U
1108:"MSU-Developed Sod"
613:St. Augustine grass
608:St. Augustine grass
146:by draining water.
1658:Journal of Ecology
1563:2013-05-12 at the
974:on 18 October 2014
731:west half of Texas
645:sandy beach ridges
529:. Along with many
314:Kentucky Bluegrass
104:Australian English
82:
74:
66:
58:
1825:978-1-80062-055-1
1541:John Hollenhorst
1180:on 8 October 2011
1150:on 8 October 2011
913:978-1-7332881-0-1
719:Florida Panhandle
707:southeastern Asia
675:Developed by the
521:and performed by
481:drought tolerance
436:and parts of the
263:
262:
255:
16:(Redirected from
1872:
1830:
1829:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1760:. Archived from
1750:
1744:
1743:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1704:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1581:
1574:
1568:
1555:
1549:
1539:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1500:. Horttechnology
1499:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1474:
1467:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1442:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1417:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1380:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1351:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1311:on 1 March 2018.
1310:
1304:. Archived from
1299:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1211:on 31 March 2017
1207:. Archived from
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1176:. Archived from
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1123:
1112:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1040:. My Landscapers
1034:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
990:
984:
983:
981:
979:
964:
958:
957:
950:
944:
943:
941:
939:
924:
918:
917:
899:
858:
856:Gardening portal
853:
852:
834:; In 2023, Lane
715:northern Florida
566:Bella Bluegrass:
486:Cynodon dactylon
284:has developed a
258:
251:
247:
244:
238:
214:
213:
206:
144:flood prevention
21:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1845:
1844:
1841:How to lay turf
1838:
1833:
1826:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1767:
1765:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1678:10.2307/2259604
1655:
1654:
1650:
1641:
1639:
1637:Forest Research
1631:
1630:
1626:
1617:
1615:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1593:
1584:
1575:
1571:
1565:Wayback Machine
1556:
1552:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1331:
1329:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1308:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1239:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1153:
1151:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1124:on 13 June 2010
1121:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1013:
1009:
999:
997:
992:
991:
987:
977:
975:
966:
965:
961:
952:
951:
947:
937:
935:
926:
925:
921:
914:
901:
900:
896:
892:
854:
847:
844:
832:fungal diseases
828:
804:
790:
788:Wildflower turf
694:
625:perennial grass
610:
572:Bella Bluegrass
563:
515:Central Florida
399:
390:F. trichophylla
373:
357:transition zone
344:
339:
334:
299:erosion control
295:
259:
248:
242:
239:
228:
215:
211:
204:
128:sports stadiums
116:
64:Golf course sod
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1878:
1876:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1847:
1846:
1837:
1836:External links
1834:
1832:
1831:
1824:
1796:
1774:
1745:
1738:
1712:
1709:. 17 Aug 2015.
1691:
1664:(3): 945–958.
1648:
1624:
1599:
1582:
1569:
1550:
1534:
1523:
1511:
1486:
1454:
1429:
1404:
1392:
1376:"Bermudagrass"
1367:
1338:
1314:
1285:
1246:
1222:
1191:
1170:"Sod vs. Seed"
1161:
1135:
1106:Ratliff, Bob.
1098:
1076:
1051:
1029:
1007:
985:
959:
945:
919:
912:
893:
891:
888:
887:
886:
881:
879:Groundbreaking
876:
871:
866:
864:Cob (building)
860:
859:
843:
840:
827:
824:
803:
800:
789:
786:
785:
784:
767:
766:
755:North Carolina
751:South Carolina
703:Centipedegrass
693:
692:Centipedegrass
690:
689:
688:
641:lagoon fringes
621:South Carolina
609:
606:
605:
604:
562:
559:
558:
557:
543:
542:
527:South Carolina
398:
395:
375:Fine fescues (
372:
369:
365:Fusarium patch
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
294:
291:
261:
260:
225:of the subject
223:worldwide view
218:
216:
209:
203:
200:
140:athletic field
115:
112:
72:Harvesting sod
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1877:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1843:
1842:
1835:
1827:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1775:
1764:on 2017-11-07
1763:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1739:9789048126385
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1713:
1708:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1649:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1512:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1475:on 2014-08-10
1471:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1393:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1355:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1247:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1192:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1099:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1017:
1011:
1008:
996:. Smithsonian
995:
989:
986:
973:
969:
963:
960:
955:
949:
946:
933:
929:
923:
920:
915:
909:
905:
898:
895:
889:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
857:
851:
846:
841:
839:
837:
833:
825:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
801:
799:
796:
787:
782:
778:
777:Sod Solutions
774:
773:
772:
771:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
727:Sod Solutions
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
701:
700:
699:
698:
691:
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:
672:
671:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
607:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
581:
577:
573:
570:
569:
568:
567:
560:
555:
554:Sod Solutions
550:
549:
548:
547:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
493:developed by
492:
488:
487:
482:
478:
474:
473:
472:
471:
467:
464:
463:invasive weed
460:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:Lower Midwest
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
402:Bermuda grass
397:Bermuda grass
396:
394:
392:
391:
386:
385:
380:
379:
370:
368:
366:
362:
358:
353:
349:
341:
336:
331:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:
308:
304:
300:
292:
290:
287:
283:
278:
274:
270:
268:
257:
254:
246:
236:
232:
226:
224:
217:
208:
207:
201:
199:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
169:Homestead Act
166:
165:United States
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
113:
111:
109:
105:
101:
96:
94:
90:
86:
78:
70:
62:
54:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
1839:
1806:
1799:
1790:
1777:
1766:. Retrieved
1762:the original
1757:
1748:
1721:
1715:
1706:
1694:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1640:. Retrieved
1636:
1627:
1616:. Retrieved
1613:the Guardian
1612:
1602:
1572:
1553:
1546:Deseret News
1545:
1537:
1526:
1514:
1502:. Retrieved
1489:
1477:. Retrieved
1470:the original
1457:
1445:. Retrieved
1432:
1420:. Retrieved
1407:
1395:
1383:. Retrieved
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1353:
1341:
1330:. Retrieved
1326:
1317:
1306:the original
1301:
1288:
1263:. Retrieved
1259:
1249:
1238:. Retrieved
1234:
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1209:the original
1194:
1182:. Retrieved
1178:the original
1173:
1164:
1152:. Retrieved
1148:the original
1138:
1126:. Retrieved
1119:the original
1114:
1101:
1089:. Retrieved
1079:
1069:29 September
1067:. Retrieved
1054:
1042:. Retrieved
1032:
1020:. Retrieved
1010:
998:. Retrieved
988:
976:. Retrieved
972:the original
962:
948:
936:. Retrieved
932:the original
922:
903:
897:
835:
829:
810:in the sea,
805:
791:
769:
768:
696:
695:
669:
668:
649:
616:
611:
565:
564:
545:
544:
531:golf courses
484:
469:
468:
454:crown tissue
400:
388:
382:
376:
374:
371:Fine fescues
351:
345:
337:Fescue grass
332:Species used
320:rather than
318:vegetatively
311:
296:
279:
275:
271:
264:
249:
240:
220:
197:
181:Great Plains
173:Great Plains
162:
148:
136:soil erosion
124:golf courses
117:
107:
97:
88:
84:
83:
874:Green track
816:New Zealand
812:coral reefs
795:green roofs
739:Mississippi
509:noted this
361:brown patch
342:Tall fescue
202:Cultivation
154:sod roofing
150:Scandinavia
132:landscapers
1849:Categories
1768:2017-11-03
1642:2023-01-25
1618:2023-01-25
1332:2018-03-27
1265:2018-03-27
1240:2018-03-27
1184:1 December
1154:1 December
938:1 December
890:References
737:, most of
733:to all of
697:Covington:
681:chinch bug
637:freshwater
511:cultivar's
422:Gulf Coast
286:hydroponic
189:John Deere
177:sod houses
56:Turf rolls
1855:Lawn care
820:herbfield
735:Louisiana
660:Australia
561:Bluegrass
495:turfgrass
491:Australia
459:turfgrass
434:Southwest
326:sprigging
293:Immediacy
243:July 2024
235:talk page
18:Turfgrass
1561:Archived
1504:19 March
1479:19 March
1447:19 March
1422:20 March
1385:19 March
1360:19 March
1274:cite web
1215:27 March
1128:25 March
1091:20 March
1044:20 March
1022:20 March
1000:17 March
842:See also
826:Diseases
814:and, in
808:epifauna
759:Virginia
723:cultivar
685:cultivar
477:cultivar
446:rhizomes
384:F. ovina
378:F. rubra
322:sexually
229:You may
185:Nebraska
1686:2259604
1666:Bibcode
978:14 June
770:Santee:
747:Georgia
743:Alabama
711:central
629:marshes
539:stadium
450:stolons
432:in the
430:deserts
420:of the
410:lagoons
352:Festuca
307:erosion
303:drought
163:In the
100:British
1822:
1736:
1684:
1418:. USGA
910:
836:et al.
757:, and
664:Africa
656:Mexico
643:, and
595:, and
452:, and
442:shoots
426:plains
416:, and
414:inlets
348:fescue
126:, and
1787:(PDF)
1703:(PDF)
1682:JSTOR
1498:(PDF)
1473:(PDF)
1466:(PDF)
1441:(PDF)
1416:(PDF)
1379:(PDF)
1350:(PDF)
1309:(PDF)
1298:(PDF)
1122:(PDF)
1111:(PDF)
1063:(PDF)
1018:. CSA
869:Divot
489:from
346:Tall
120:lawns
39:Grass
1820:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1506:2013
1481:2013
1449:2013
1424:2013
1387:2013
1362:2013
1280:link
1217:2013
1186:2011
1156:2011
1130:2013
1093:2013
1071:2023
1046:2018
1024:2013
1002:2013
980:2014
940:2011
908:ISBN
884:Peat
713:and
635:and
633:salt
597:peat
593:muck
589:clay
585:sand
580:Utah
428:and
418:bays
363:and
280:The
193:plow
114:Uses
108:turf
102:and
93:soil
89:Turf
43:Peat
1812:doi
1726:doi
1674:doi
639:),
98:In
85:Sod
1851::
1818:.
1789:.
1756:.
1732:.
1705:.
1680:.
1672:.
1662:71
1660:.
1635:.
1611:.
1585:^
1352:.
1325:.
1300:.
1276:}}
1272:{{
1258:.
1233:.
1203:.
1172:.
1113:.
822:.
753:,
749:,
745:,
741:,
658:,
647:.
591:,
587:,
448:,
444:,
412:,
387:,
381:,
160:.
122:,
1828:.
1814::
1793:.
1771:.
1742:.
1728::
1688:.
1676::
1668::
1645:.
1621:.
1508:.
1483:.
1451:.
1426:.
1389:.
1364:.
1335:.
1282:)
1268:.
1243:.
1219:.
1188:.
1158:.
1132:.
1095:.
1073:.
1048:.
1026:.
1004:.
982:.
956:.
942:.
916:.
765:.
631:(
615:(
603:.
541:.
355:"
350:(
256:)
250:(
245:)
241:(
227:.
49:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
