409:, but it is not clearly explained where or why the Usipii had moved. What is mentioned is that when the Ampsivarii retreated from the Romans, and apparently also away from the lands of the Bructeri and Tencteri (who had already stood down), they moved towards the lands of the Tubantes and Usipii. So the Usipi seem to have settled for some time after Caesar on the north of the Rhine, and then later moved further north, away from the Roman frontier, to become neighbours of the Tubantes.
1970:
311:
truce, Caesar refused to accept any more ambassadors, arresting some who came requesting a further truce, and led his full force against the
Germanic camp. The Usipetes and Tencteri were thrown into disarray and forced to flee, pursued by Caesar's cavalry, to the confluence of the Rhine and Meuse. Many were killed attempting to cross the rivers. They found refuge on the other side of the Rhine amongst the
214:, because it is near to where the two tribes appeared on the Rhine, and Caesar reports the Suevi in this area. It would also explain the apparently friendly relations of the Tencteri and Usipetes with the Sigambri, who might have been their traditional neighbours. (In later Roman times this area inhabited by Caesar's Suebi was inhabited by the
306:
a few days previously. As Caesar continued to advance, further ambassadors requested a three-day truce for them to negotiate with the Ubii about his settlement proposal, but Caesar refused for the same reason. He offered a single day, during which he would advance no more than four miles, and ordered
285:
The
Tencteri and Usipetes sent ambassadors to Caesar as he advanced. While they boasted of their military strength, claiming that they could defeat anyone but the Suebi, they offered an alliance, requesting that Caesar assign them land. Caesar refused any alliance so long as the Tencteri and Usipetes
268:
Caesar, fearing how the Gauls on the left bank might react, hurried to deal with this threat to his command of the region. He discovered that a number of
Gaulish tribes had attempted to pay these Germani generously to leave, but the Tencteri and Usipetes had ranged further, coming to the frontiers of
237:
who had land on both sides of the river, and had not yet submitted to Roman rule. Alarmed by the scale of the incursion, the
Menapii had withdrawn from their territories east of the Rhine and successfully resisted the Germani bid to cross it for some time. The Germani feigned a retreat, allowing the
328:
pronounced the opinion that they ought to deliver up Caesar to the
Barbarians, thus purging away the violation of the truce in behalf of the city, and turning the curse therefor on the guilty man. Of those who had crossed the Rhine into Gaul four hundred thousand were cut to pieces, and the few who
310:
The
Germanic cavalry, although outnumbered by Caesar's Gallic horsemen, made the first attack, forcing the Romans to retreat. Caesar describes a characteristic battle-tactic they used, whereby horsemen would leap down to their feet and stab enemy horses in the belly. Accusing them of violating the
297:
The ambassadors requested a truce of three days, during which time neither side would advance towards the other, and they took Caesar's counter-proposal to their leaders for consideration. But Caesar would not accept this, believing the
Germani were buying time for the return of their cavalry, who
238:
Menapii to return to their territories east of the Rhine. Their cavalry then returned and made a surprise night attack. They crossed the river and seized
Menapian boats, occupied Menapian villages and towns, and spent the rest of the winter living on Menapian provisions.
489:
is shown as inhabited by the "Burcturi" (Bructeri), who may have included a mixture of several of the original
Germanic tribes from over the Rhine, including the Tencteri and Usipetes. The Bructeri had apparently therefore also moved south. To their north were
20:
290:, another Germanic tribe who had sought his help against the aggression of the Suebi, there being no land available in Gaul. (The Ubii were at this time on the east bank of the Rhine, but would later be settled on the left bank, where their capital became
329:
succeeded in making their way back were received by the
Sugambri, a German nation. This action Caesar made a ground of complaint against the Sugambri, and besides, he coveted the fame of being the first man to cross the Rhine with an army.
198:, whose military dominance had led to constant warfare and neglect of agriculture. This original homeland of the two tribes is not clear but by the time of Caesar the Suebi had settled in a very large wooded area to the east of the
122:. Proponents of the theory pointed out to the fact that Caesar and others reported them to have strong cavalry. However, this etymology has been rejected as linguistically untenable in more recent scholarship.
281:
to their south. Caesar convened a meeting of the Gaulish chiefs, and, pretending he did not know of their attempts at bribery, demanded cavalry and provisions for war against the Tencteri and Usipetes.
245:
of the Rhine and Maas rivers, but there is no such confluence. Archaeologist Nico Roymans has announced in 2015 that convincing evidence has been found that it was in fact in the confluence of
632:
457:
describes them as now living in 98 AD between the Chatti and the Rhine, near the Tencteri. This apparently indicates a significant movement south from the area near the Tubantes.
438:
and regular Roman soldiers based with them for training purposes, then stole three ships and sailed round the northern end of Britain, their hardships including being driven to
722:"De C chronologie van de Nederlandse Pre- and Protohistorie VI: Romeinse tijd en Meronvingische periode, deel A: historische bronnen en chronologische thema's"
1999:
880:
478:. If these are the Usipi, then they had moved considerably. (The same passage can also be interpreted as describing the Tencteri as having moved south.)
206:, on the opposite bank from where Cologne is today. It has been argued that the Tencteri and Usipetes specifically may have come from the area of the
1927:
617:
1945:
758:
747:
703:
640:
536:
338:
The Usipetes, or "Usipi" as they were named by most authors after Caesar, remained in the same region although the details are not clear.
679:
1026:
733:
600:
988:
2004:
1950:
1158:
2014:
1940:
1208:
1013:
873:
789:
393:
In 17 AD, Strabo describes the Usipi as being among the defeated tribes displayed in the triumphal procession of Germanicus.
194:, Caesar describes how two tribes, the Tencteri and Usipetes, had been driven from their traditional lands by the Germanic
1089:
675:
190:
658:
1994:
1955:
968:
805:
1116:
379:, which means they were in the region of the present day Dutch-German border, north of the Rhine and Lippe rivers.
1973:
1153:
1060:
1053:
1031:
866:
405:
demanded to be allowed to use the reserved lands on Roman border at the Rhine which had recently belonged to the
2009:
1193:
1178:
993:
978:
512:
55:) were an ancient tribe who moved into the area on the right bank (the northern or eastern bank) of the lower
654:
1308:
1198:
1188:
1183:
1003:
983:
940:
633:"'Genocidaire slachting' onder leiding van Julius Caesar bij Kessel - National Geographic Nederland/België"
1710:
1143:
1138:
1121:
1065:
960:
431:
419:
1008:
898:
250:
1099:
1070:
973:
364:
241:
Concerning the exact location of this slaughter, there has long been some doubt. Caesar describes a
1935:
1148:
466:
75:. They appear to have moved position several times before disappearing from the historical record.
169:) as 'shining in the heights', or 'radiant', which he explains as a typical boastful tribal name.
1318:
1170:
1109:
998:
930:
906:
470:
describes the "Ouispoi" (Uispi or Vispi) living south of the Tencteri, between the Rhine and the
357:
557:
1094:
945:
920:
838:
729:
596:
439:
590:
1517:
889:
830:
461:
325:
88:
24:
1126:
1104:
1048:
1018:
902:
774:
414:
352:
96:
1800:
1584:
1248:
935:
475:
347:
110:
has been traditionally interpreted as a Gaulish name meaning 'good riders'. The suffix
265:) and does enter the Rhine in that region. This is however very far from the Menapii.
1988:
1661:
1559:
1522:
1482:
1348:
1077:
1036:
670:
482:
427:
299:
134:
68:
1253:
1243:
1226:
1043:
246:
234:
84:
64:
19:
721:
382:
In 14 AD the Usipetes still lived north of the Lippe and joined the Bructeri and
1735:
1693:
1616:
1529:
1397:
1387:
1298:
1082:
507:
254:
242:
207:
103:
1912:
1700:
1683:
1631:
1621:
1606:
1574:
1564:
1442:
1392:
1268:
1263:
1231:
950:
834:
423:
402:
387:
303:
842:
1907:
1902:
1892:
1825:
1730:
1626:
1589:
1579:
1539:
1492:
1487:
1437:
1377:
1303:
1293:
1273:
1236:
1221:
821:
Lee, K. H. (1969). "Caesar's Encounter with the Usipetes and the Tencteri".
778:
435:
249:, a branch of the Rhine and not the Rhine itself, and the Maas/Meuse, near
67:. They are known first from the surviving works of ancient authors such as
434:(probably in AD 82, although the chronology is disputed). They killed the
125:
Stefan Zimmer has proposed in 2006 to reconstruct the name as the Gaulish
1880:
1845:
1830:
1810:
1785:
1770:
1765:
1745:
1715:
1705:
1656:
1646:
1641:
1472:
1457:
1432:
1412:
1382:
1372:
1367:
1338:
1333:
1323:
1258:
1216:
925:
383:
376:
372:
368:
343:
318:
312:
274:
270:
222:
211:
183:
40:
442:
by shortage of food. They finally made landfall in the territory of the
1897:
1885:
1875:
1850:
1840:
1835:
1815:
1805:
1780:
1720:
1678:
1651:
1569:
1502:
1497:
1477:
1467:
1422:
1417:
1407:
1402:
1343:
1328:
1278:
769:
291:
278:
258:
230:
72:
52:
1917:
1870:
1855:
1820:
1795:
1760:
1755:
1688:
1673:
1611:
1549:
1534:
1512:
1462:
1452:
1447:
1360:
1355:
1313:
1283:
491:
471:
447:
406:
215:
446:, where some were captured by that tribe. Others were caught by the
286:
remained in Gaul. He proposed settling them in the territory of the
858:
690:
Lee, K.H. "Caesar's Encounter with the Usipetes and the Tencteri."
430:(presumably on the west coast) with his father-in-law, the general
1790:
1775:
1750:
1740:
1725:
1668:
1636:
1601:
1596:
1554:
1544:
1427:
1288:
1131:
495:
443:
226:
221:
In the winter 55 BC, having failed to find new lands elsewhere in
203:
195:
92:
56:
1860:
1507:
486:
287:
261:
near the Moselle, which had the same name as the Maas in Latin (
199:
83:
While the Usipetes and their neighbours were referred to by the
60:
862:
450:
and a few survivors were sold into slavery to tell their tale.
562:
Diachrone Studien zur Kontaktzone zwischen Kelten und Germanen
307:
his officers to act defensively and not to provoke battle.
850:
Zimmer, Stefan (2006), "Usipeten/Usipier und Tenkterer",
460:
Later, the difficult to interpret description given in
59:
in the first century BC, putting them in contact with
27:
reported by Graeco-Roman authors in the first century.
572:
570:
99:, as is also the case for many of their neighbours.
1926:
1207:
1169:
959:
913:
257:described the place as being in the country of the
118:) was proposed to be a Celtic cognate of the Latin
498:, both of whom represent new forces in the area.
356:and the Germanic tribes took the standard of the
253:. On the other hand, the third century historian
202:, who at this time lived on the east bank of the
346:once again crossed the Rhine and attacked Gaul.
589:Attema, P. A. J.; Bolhuis, E. (December 2010).
874:
8:
367:, the Usipi are described as living between
277:, who were both under the protection of the
153:('to appear'; with the P-Celtic sound shift
905:origin primarily identified as speakers of
852:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde
619:Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities
881:
867:
859:
715:
713:
711:
426:mutinied whilst on campaign in northern
18:
1946:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
524:
576:
95:, their name is normally explained as
494:and to their south on the Rhine were
342:In 16 BC, the Tencteri, Usipetes and
7:
485:, the area across from Cologne and
363:In 12 BC and 11 BC at the time of
141:('on-high' or 'above'; cf. Gaul. *
23:The approximate positions of some
14:
2000:Military history of Roman Britain
802:Ptolemy's Maps of Northern Europe
161:). He thus suggests to translate
1969:
1968:
720:Lanting; Van Der Plicht (2010),
592:Palaeohistoria 51/52 (2009/2010)
16:Ancient tribe of the Lower Rhine
1951:Christianization of Scandinavia
47:, and possibly the same as the
1941:Christianization of the Franks
1014:Continental Germanic mythology
397:Tacitus also describes in his
1:
418:(chapter 28), recounts how a
676:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
474:mountains, but north of the
229:, into the territory of the
191:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
1956:Christianization of Iceland
854:, vol. 31 (2 ed.)
694:2nd vol. 2 (1969): 100-103.
321:reports that back in Rome,
2031:
181:
1964:
896:
835:10.1017/S0017383500016417
637:www.nationalgeographic.nl
1194:North Germanic languages
1179:Germanic parent language
513:List of Germanic peoples
1199:West Germanic languages
1189:East Germanic languages
1184:Proto-Germanic language
1004:Proto-Germanic folklore
941:Romano-Germanic culture
2005:Early Germanic peoples
432:Gnaeus Julius Agricola
375:, and neighboring the
331:
28:
2015:Cannibalism in Europe
1009:Anglo-Saxon mythology
899:Ethnolinguistic group
564:, Wien, 2002, p. 81f.
350:was defeated in the
323:
22:
149:'high') attached to
1936:Gothic Christianity
225:, they came to the
210:to the east of the
133:), formed with the
1995:Pre-Roman Iron Age
1319:Germani cisrhenani
1027:Funerary practices
931:Pre-Roman Iron Age
907:Germanic languages
653:Cassius Dio 39.47
358:Legio V Macedonica
29:
1982:
1981:
1154:Gothic and Vandal
946:Germanic Iron Age
921:Nordic Bronze Age
903:Northern European
823:Greece & Rome
692:Greece & Rome
422:drafted into the
401:how in 58 AD the
2022:
1972:
1971:
1928:Christianization
1518:Ripuarian Franks
890:Germanic peoples
883:
876:
869:
860:
855:
846:
808:
798:
792:
787:
781:
767:
761:
756:
750:
745:
739:
738:
717:
706:
701:
695:
688:
682:
668:
662:
651:
645:
644:
639:. Archived from
629:
623:
622:
613:
607:
606:
586:
580:
574:
565:
555:
549:
546:
540:
529:
462:Claudius Ptolemy
298:had crossed the
25:Germanic peoples
2030:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2010:Frankish people
1985:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1960:
1922:
1203:
1165:
1127:Gothic alphabet
1019:Norse mythology
955:
909:
892:
887:
849:
820:
817:
812:
811:
799:
795:
788:
784:
768:
764:
759:Tac. Ann. 13.56
757:
753:
748:Tac. Ann. 13.55
746:
742:
736:
719:
718:
709:
702:
698:
689:
685:
669:
665:
652:
648:
631:
630:
626:
615:
614:
610:
603:
588:
587:
583:
575:
568:
558:Ludwig Rübekeil
556:
552:
547:
543:
530:
526:
521:
508:The Gallic Wars
504:
453:Tacitus in his
353:clades Lolliana
336:
315:(or Sugambri).
302:to plunder the
186:
180:
175:
81:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2028:
2026:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1585:Thracian Goths
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1213:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1011:
1006:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
965:
963:
957:
956:
954:
953:
948:
943:
938:
936:Roman Iron Age
933:
928:
923:
917:
915:
911:
910:
897:
894:
893:
888:
886:
885:
878:
871:
863:
857:
856:
847:
829:(1): 100–103.
816:
813:
810:
809:
793:
782:
762:
751:
740:
734:
726:Palaeohistoria
707:
704:Plut. Caes. 22
696:
683:
663:
646:
643:on 2015-12-15.
624:
608:
601:
581:
566:
550:
548:Geography 2.10
541:
537:Plut. Caes. 22
531:As accusative
523:
522:
520:
517:
516:
515:
510:
503:
500:
476:Agri Decumates
395:
394:
391:
386:when fighting
380:
361:
348:Marcus Lollius
335:
334:Later mentions
332:
179:
176:
174:
171:
80:
77:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2027:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1975:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1560:Crimean Goths
1558:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1523:Salian Franks
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
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21:
1865:
1254:Anglo-Saxons
1244:Adrabaecampi
1227:Bucinobantes
969:Architecture
851:
826:
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815:Bibliography
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790:Tac. Ger. 32
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131:*Uχsi-pit-es
130:
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119:
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111:
107:
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91:rather than
82:
65:Roman empire
48:
44:
36:
32:
30:
1694:Nahanarvali
1617:Hilleviones
1530:Frisiavones
1398:Cananefates
1388:Burgundians
1299:Banochaemae
1149:Anglo-Saxon
1100:Anglo-Saxon
1066:Anglo-Saxon
1049:Anglo-Saxon
1032:Anglo-Saxon
577:Zimmer 2006
440:cannibalism
255:Cassius Dio
208:Weser river
178:Gallic wars
127:*Uχsi-pit-s
104:Rudolf Much
1989:Categories
1913:Vinoviloth
1701:Marcomanni
1684:Helveconae
1662:Heaðobards
1632:Istvaeones
1622:Ingaevones
1607:Hermunduri
1575:Ostrogoths
1565:Greuthungi
1443:Chattuarii
1269:Angrivarii
1264:Ampsivarii
1232:Lentienses
1061:Literature
951:Viking Age
519:References
424:Roman army
403:Ampsivarii
388:Germanicus
304:Ambivariti
243:confluence
182:See also:
167:*Uχsipites
151:*k̑u̯ei̯t-
102:Following
43:'s Greek,
1908:Vidivarii
1903:Victohali
1893:Vangiones
1826:Thuringii
1731:Nuithones
1627:Irminones
1590:Visigoths
1580:Thervingi
1540:Gambrivii
1493:Dulgubnii
1488:Dauciones
1438:Chasuarii
1378:Brondings
1304:Bastarnae
1294:Baiuvarii
1274:Armalausi
1237:Raetovari
1171:Languages
1139:Symbology
999:Folklore
994:Festivals
843:1477-4550
800:Schütte,
728:, 51/52,
467:Geography
436:centurion
412:Tacitus'
1974:Category
1881:Hasdingi
1866:Usipetes
1846:Tubantes
1831:Toxandri
1811:Tencteri
1786:Suarines
1771:Sicambri
1766:Semnones
1746:Reudigni
1716:Mattiaci
1706:Marsacii
1657:Lombards
1647:Lacringi
1642:Juthungi
1473:Corconti
1458:Cherusci
1433:Charudes
1413:Chaedini
1383:Bructeri
1368:Bateinoi
1339:Eburones
1334:Condrusi
1329:Caeroesi
1324:Atuatuci
1259:Ambrones
1222:Brisgavi
1217:Alemanni
1095:Paganism
984:Clothing
979:Calendar
926:Germania
775:Agricola
502:See also
455:Germania
415:Agricola
384:Tubantes
377:Tubantes
373:Sugambri
371:and the
369:Nijmegen
344:Sicambri
319:Plutarch
313:Sicambri
275:Eburones
271:Condrusi
223:Germania
212:Sigambri
184:Tencteri
163:Usipetes
129:(plural
108:Usipetes
89:Germanic
63:and the
41:Plutarch
33:Usipetes
1898:Varisci
1886:Silingi
1876:Vandals
1851:Tulingi
1841:Triboci
1836:Treveri
1816:Teutons
1806:Taifals
1781:Sitones
1721:Nemetes
1679:Helisii
1652:Lemovii
1570:Gutones
1503:Firaesi
1498:Favonae
1478:Cugerni
1468:Cobandi
1423:Chamavi
1418:Chaemae
1408:Casuari
1403:Caritni
1373:Betasii
1344:Paemani
1279:Auiones
1144:Warfare
1122:Scripts
1090:Numbers
914:History
804:, page
770:Tacitus
655:English
533:Ousipas
481:In the
428:Britain
399:Annales
292:Cologne
279:Treveri
259:Treveri
231:Menapii
188:In his
173:History
120:equites
112:-ipetes
73:Tacitus
53:Ptolemy
49:Ouispoi
45:Ousipai
1918:Warini
1871:Vagoth
1856:Tungri
1821:Thelir
1801:Swedes
1796:Sunici
1761:Saxons
1756:Rugini
1689:Manimi
1674:Diduni
1612:Heruli
1550:Gepids
1535:Frisii
1513:Franks
1463:Cimbri
1453:Chauci
1448:Chatti
1361:Nervii
1356:Morini
1314:Belgae
1309:Batavi
1284:Avarpi
1249:Angles
1209:Groups
1159:Viking
1105:Gothic
1083:Gothic
989:Family
841:
732:
680:4.1-15
599:
492:Franks
472:Abnoba
448:Frisii
420:cohort
407:Usipii
365:Drusus
251:Kessel
216:Chatti
139:*upsi-
116:epetes
97:Celtic
85:Romans
37:Usipii
1791:Suebi
1776:Sciri
1751:Rugii
1741:Quadi
1726:Njars
1711:Marsi
1669:Lugii
1637:Jutes
1602:Harii
1597:Gutes
1555:Goths
1545:Geats
1483:Danes
1428:Chali
1349:Segni
1289:Baemi
1132:Runes
1117:Rings
1110:Norse
1078:Names
1071:Norse
1054:Norse
1037:Norse
659:Latin
496:Suevi
444:Suebi
300:Meuse
227:Rhine
204:Rhine
196:Suebi
157:>
145:>
143:ouχsi
137:stem
93:Gauls
57:Rhine
1861:Ubii
1508:Fosi
1393:Buri
839:ISSN
730:ISBN
597:ISBN
487:Bonn
326:Cato
288:Ubii
273:and
269:the
263:Mosa
247:Waal
233:, a
200:Ubii
79:Name
71:and
61:Gaul
39:(in
31:The
1736:Osi
1044:Law
974:Art
901:of
831:doi
806:118
464:'s
294:.)
218:.)
155:kʷ-
147:uχe
87:as
51:of
35:or
1991::
837:.
827:16
825:.
779:28
772:,
724:,
710:^
673:,
657:,
635:.
595:.
569:^
560:,
535:,
159:p-
114:(*
106:,
1021:)
882:e
875:t
868:v
845:.
833::
661:.
605:.
579:.
539:.
390:.
360:.
165:(
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