1140:
788:
Lean Lent, a thin woman dressed in a humble way, with a dark handkerchief on her head and an empty basket on her arm, represent the transition from the glories of
Carnival to Lenten fasts. They are accompanied by the Paralytic, the Bear Handler, a funny shepherd who dances and rolls on the ground named Toni, an old man with a butt covered with Nutella, a hunchbacked mountaineer whose hump is filled with chestnut urchins, and Bernarda, a man disguised as a baby put in a pannier supported by a fake old woman, and accompanied by another man dressed as a farmer).
64:
1164:
942:
a band, folk groups, women, seniors, and children who embellish the parade with flowers and other small crafts. Everyone wears the traditional red, black and white costume. After having followed the entire Via Roma and upon arrival at the Piazza del Kuerc (the main square of the town) the ancient bell called Bajona starts tolling and a jury draws up a ranking of the best
Pasquali. At the end of the parade, the floats are exhibited in Piazza del Kuerc where they stay until Easter Monday.
1152:
1176:
306:
972:
87:
582:
56:
919:
76:
621:("the bear is out from its den"). Both celebrated the end of winter and the imminent arrival of spring. The two customs involved walking around the town and inviting people to leave their houses under any pretext, like throwing a large piece of wood or a pot down the stairs. When people ran outside to check what had happened, they were greeted with the shout
846:
95:
842:("the Company of the Fools") who give a public reading of the gossip and complaints that citizens have deposited in a box placed in the square of the Kuerc. The festival also includes a parade along the streets of the historic centre led by the Harlequins of the Company of Mat, with children escorting the PodestĂ .
553:
was the main proponent of the idea, which he first raised with
Mussolini in September 1944. However, the fascist leadership was divided over the plan and only minimal preparatory work was carried out to establish the area as a stronghold. By the time the Allies made their final advance in April 1945,
941:
are allegorical floats with a religious theme, prepared during the winter by the various districts of Bormio (Buglio, Combo, Dossiglio, Dossorovina and
Maggiore) for Easter (Pasqua meaning Easter in Italian). On Easter day, the Pasquali are carried on the shoulders of the boys and are accompanied by
787:
Nowadays, the districts of the towns challenge each other to the sound of allegorical floats, and the parade is attended by traditional masks, eight characters representing traditions, past events, and moments of everyday life: the Old
Carnival, a bearded and joyful man dressed as a mountaineer, and
779:
In the past, it was customary for people to gather all together to dance, sing, eat and drink. Being an agricultural ritual that represents the death of winter and the beginning of summer, Carnival officially began on
January 17 with the parade of the blessed cattle adorned with coloured ribbons. It
403:
court led to a conspiracy to drive the
Protestants out of the valley. The leader of the conspiracy, Giacomo Robustelli of the Planta family, had ties to Madrid, Rome and Paris. On the evening of 18/19 July 1620, a force of Valtellina rebels supported by Austrian and Italian troops marched into
416:
and further down the valley killing every
Protestant that they found. Between 500 and 600 people were killed on that night and in the following four days. The attack drove nearly all the Protestants out of the valley, prevented further Protestant incursions and took the Valtellina out of the
898:
The feast of the conscripts is particularly felt in Alta
Valtellina: in Grosio, for a week, the conscripts meet in a club to celebrate and travel through the streets of the town in a car from which the flag decorated with the symbol of the group waves. On New Year's Eve, amid
689:
when they met. Whoever lost had to pay a pledge; often, the prize at stake was established in advance and the gabinat thus became the object of bets. To win, various strategies were adopted: stalking, disguises, fake illnesses ... Nowadays, it is only the children who do the
956:
sees the inhabitants of the five districts of Bormio compete against each other, divided according to age, in downhill, cross-country, combined, and relay races. The cross-country race takes place through the streets of the town, covered with snow for the purpose.
886:
The duration of the celebration varied from town to town: in Grosio the conscription could last up to ten days, during which the boys and girls met in bars, taverns, or in places specially set up for the purpose. The conscripts had the task of embroidering on the
376:
powers and the local authorities which culminated in the
Valtellina war of 1620–1626. Control over the routes through the Valtellina to the passes between Lombardy and the Danube watershed was at stake as it formed part of the so-called
657:
or in front of the church, to prevent the old year from leaving. The next morning, the owners of the stolen objects had to go and recover them, dismantling the barricade and metaphorically opening up the way to the new year.
130:
784:, with which the paths were cleared to facilitate the passage of farmers, their agricultural vehicles and their livestock. A straw puppet with horns on his head representing the Carnival was also burnt.
1819:
1027:
of at least 11%. Yields for the DOCG wines are further restricted to a maximum of 8 tonnes/ha. While the ageing requirements are the same as the DOC, the minimum alcohol level for the DOCG wine is 12%.
484:
At the end of the 19th century, there was substantial migration out of the Valtellina for reasons of the prevailing economically depressed conditions of the region and for young men to avoid
895:("cheers to the year...") followed by the year of birth: nowadays, conscripts hang a tricolour banner with the same wording and the names (or nicknames) of the members of the group.
1139:
911:, they entrust the flag to conscripts one year younger, after having it blessed in church. Each group chooses different coloured sweatshirts and decorates the tricolour with a
717:
means "night", therefore "night of gifts"): on the eve of these holidays, the poor young people sang in front of the doors of the wealthiest in the hope to receive a gift.
1002:
871:
was originally a celebration on the occasion of the call to the draft: the tradition seems to have originated in the second half of the nineteenth century with the
1668:
391:) against Catholics in the Leagues and Valtellina. This included the arresting under false pretences and torturing to death of the (catholic) arch-priest
685:
and in exchange, they would receive a handful of cooked chestnuts, some sweets or dried fruit. The adults competed to precede the other in exclaiming
1704:
1125:
The Rupe Magna, a unique large rock with more than 5,000 engraved figures dating from between the 4th and 1st millennia BCE, can be found at the
1476:
1449:
1422:
1829:
1368:
1302:
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in which all three signatories agreed to re-establish the territory of Valtellina by attempting to remove Spanish forces stationed there.
1151:
1770:
1742:
1266:
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when young men were forced to serve a period in the Army. The feast of the conscripts of eighteen-year-olds was therefore a kind of
470:
1824:
496:
272:
507:
power at 3,600 V, with a maximum speed of 70 km/h. The system was designed by the brilliant Hungarian engineer
1814:
1809:
549:(RSI) proposed making a "last stand" against the advancing Allied armies in the Valtellina. The Fascist Party secretary
385:
put together a court named 'clerical overseers' that between 1618 and 1620 handed down a number of convictions (often
190:
pass between northern Italy and Germany. The control of the Valtellina was much sought after, particularly during the
891:
the symbol and possibly the motto that the group had chosen. On the walls of the villages, it was customary to write
740:
to call the grass and awaken it from its winter slumber. This custom also served to propitiate a bountiful harvest.
1126:
349:
and Italian are all spoken, and hence during 16th-century rule by GraubĂĽnden, the region became known variously as
333:(the "Grey Leagues"), which was then a mutual-defence region independent of Switzerland but is now the easternmost
1106:. The mountains of the Valtellina offer numerous possibilities for sports activities: skiing and winter sports in
1632:
645:(literally "to put the year across") also celebrated New Year's Eve: during the night young people used to build
500:
1650:
49:
1118:, hiking and biking in the same locations and especially in the secondary valleys, and rock climbing in the
1056:
546:
1040:
1712:
590:
435:
334:
447:
508:
473:, which was a constituent land of the Austrian Empire. In 1859 it came, together with Lombardy, to the
1032:
872:
369:
284:
191:
37:
63:
1250:
850:
571:
550:
474:
454:
in Northern Italy. On 10 October 1797, the French supported a revolt in the Valtellina against the
239:
305:
1201:
1195:
706:
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466:
451:
431:
1315:
1738:
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423:
387:
1757:
1596:
372:, the Valtellina was a theatre of intense military and diplomatic struggle among France, the
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346:
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118:
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1087:
1066:, the valley in the GraubĂĽnden canton of Switzerland that descends into the Valtellina at
876:
765:
681:(Switzerland). Traditionally, children would suddenly enter other people's homes shouting
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358:
86:
79:
41:
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1385:
1075:
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99:
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1803:
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826:, during the day of the Carnival of the Fools, the Mayor hands over his power to the
807:
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455:
418:
382:
338:
330:
310:
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1103:
1051:. The village names are normally indicated on the label. Additionally, there is an
1010:
991:
868:
729:
617:("January's out"), a custom very similar to that celebrated on 2 February known as
581:
534:
485:
421:. The killings in Valtellina were part of the conflicts in GraubĂĽnden known as the
378:
314:
300:
256:
235:
195:
68:
1466:
1439:
1412:
562:, barely short of the Valtellina, ended any possibility of a fascist last stand.
1581:
Antonioli, Gabriele; Ghilotti, Paolo; Mambretti, Ivan; Rinaldi, Giacomo (2018).
1361:
1355:
1349:
1071:
1014:
654:
504:
280:
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1283:
55:
1119:
1099:
918:
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268:
175:
171:
75:
1785:
1772:
408:
and began killing Protestants. When they finished in Tirano, they marched to
900:
835:
800:
653:, benches, agricultural tools, logs, stairs, sledges, and carts in the main
646:
318:
495:
Industrially, the area is famous as the home of the world's first mainline
170:
region of northern Italy, bordering Switzerland. Today it is known for its
922:
One of the religious floats carried on the shoulders by the "Pasquali" of
17:
1048:
984:
757:
736:("call the grass"). The children walked in the meadows making noise with
694:, and they usually show up to relatives, friends, and local shopkeepers.
512:
373:
329:
During the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, the Valtellina belonged to the
276:
219:
186:, named after the river Bitto) and wines. In past centuries it was a key
179:
167:
71:(upper left), Upper Valtellina (upper right) and Valtellina (lower part)
1614:
1115:
1070:, similar wines are produced – but under different regulations such as
1052:
1019:
908:
904:
803:
781:
737:
702:
542:
413:
396:
231:
211:
1686:
845:
94:
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1111:
1107:
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760:
is celebrated, unlike the rest of Valtellina, on the first Sunday of
753:
674:
586:
409:
405:
400:
322:
227:
223:
215:
207:
558:. In any event, Mussolini's capture on 27 April by the partisans at
279:
gained control over the area after 720, but about fifty years later
970:
580:
304:
264:
183:
93:
85:
74:
62:
54:
761:
650:
516:
187:
1386:"Ernesto Genoni: Australia’s pioneer of biodynamic agriculture"
1086:
One of the most notable tourist attractions of the area is the
462:
in French and English), and it joined the Cisalpine Republic.
287:
near Paris. Later the valley returned to the Bishop of Como.
238:, it is considered part of Valtellina as it falls within the
1762:
1669:"Coscritti sì, ma responsabili. Dopo la festa fanno pulizia"
602:
810:
were eaten to propitiate the abundance of livestock parts.
59:
Map of the Province of Sondrio, where Valtellina is located
1017:
for at least two years prior to release (three years if a
849:"Cheers to the year 1930" written on one of the doors of
234:. Although Livigno is on the northern side of the alpine
806:
mixed with slices of cheese and cut into the shape of a
399:. This and similar harsh judgments of the anti-Habsburg
1511:"Calendario di Valtellina e Valchiavenna – 31 dicembre"
1820:
Geographical, historical and cultural regions of Italy
1493:"Calendario di Valtellina e Valchiavenna – 2 febbraio"
1362:
879:
to adulthood. Today is simply the celebration of the
585:
Panorama of the Valtellina from Alpe Piazzola in the
1356:
1350:
1013:
of 12 tonnes per hectare. The finished wine must be
1549:"Calendario di Valtellina e Valchiavenna – 1 marzo"
1261:Further reading: F Pieth: BĂĽndnergeschichte, 1982,
728:On the first of March, throughout Valtellina and
1003:Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita
915:that represents the group's motto or identity.
705:, Germany, where Christmas, New Year's Eve and
492:, was a popular destination for such migrants.
113:(occasionally spelled as two words in English:
979:In Valtellina, wines are produced mainly from
1687:"Pasqua a Bormio? In compagnia dei Pasquali!"
1296:
554:the Valtellina was not ready to be used as a
511:who was employed by the main contractors the
149:
90:A view of the Valtellina from Castel Grumello
8:
1290:
1284:
720:
477:, and finally in 1861 it became part of the
1758:An extensive history of the Valtellina area
1533:Antonioli, Gabriele; Bracchi, Remo (1995).
1090:("Trenino Rosso", little red train) of the
1031:The best-known villages for red wines are:
469:in 1815, the Valtellina became part of the
1471:. Taylor Trade Publications. p. 269.
1444:. Taylor Trade Publications. p. 168.
570:The official language is Italian, but the
1651:"Celebrato l'anno dei coscritti del 2001"
677:, in the Upper Valley, and in the nearby
673:is still celebrated today, especially in
613:On 31 January there was the tradition of
341:. GraubĂĽnden is an area in which German,
255:The region was conquered in 16 BC by the
1380:
1378:
1074:and the allowance of sugar addition, or
917:
844:
709:were indicated with the name Geb-nacht (
1568:Mazzo tra storia, tradizione e leggenda
1468:Mussolini: The Last 600 Days of Il Duce
1441:Mussolini: The Last 600 Days of Il Duce
1272:
1135:
82:(3,678m) in the north of the Valtellina
1585:. Villa di Tirano: Tipografia Poletti.
1228:(Priest, mathematician and astronomer)
1181:Rock Engraving Park-Grosio; Rupe Magna
1169:Rock Engraving Park-Grosio; Rupe Magna
1633:"Cosa sai della festa dei coscritti?"
1528:
1526:
1524:
990:) with other minor varieties such as
7:
1369:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
1303:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
1145:Bernina Line of the Rhaetian Railway
997:Denominazione di origine controllata
523:Mussolini and the Valtellina Redoubt
430:In February 1623 France, Savoy, and
1157:Tirano - Bernina Line train station
1102:in GraubĂĽnden, Switzerland via the
194:as it was an important part of the
1553:Paesi di Valtellina e Valchiavenna
1515:Paesi di Valtellina e Valchiavenna
1497:Paesi di Valtellina e Valchiavenna
1388:, Journal of Organics, 1(1):57–81.
381:. The anti-Habsburg forces in the
25:
1583:Grosio. Cinquemila anni di storia
1537:. Sondrio: Ramponi Arti Grafiche.
446:In 1797 the growing power of the
1174:
1162:
1150:
1138:
1006:(DOCG). Grapes are limited to a
772:. For this reason, it is called
669:On 6 January, the custom of the
1417:. Routledge. pp. 319–320.
214:; the others major centres are
1570:. Sondrio: Tipografia Bettini.
1535:Dizionario etimologico grosino
1316:GraubĂĽnden's religious history
102:in the south of the Valtellina
1:
499:. The electrification of the
427:or Confusion of the Leagues.
325:ruled by it from 1512 to 1797
259:. By the 5th century, it was
251:Antiquity and the middle ages
1566:Associazione Amatia (2013).
994:permitted up to 20% for the
791:During the Carnival period,
1830:Wine regions of Switzerland
903:and the noise of whistles,
471:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
1846:
1737:pg 143 Firefly Books 2004
1673:La Provincia di Sondrio.it
1399:The Last Days of Mussolini
1216:(Short track speed skater)
1094:, which links the town of
964:
627:l'è foeu l'ors de la tana!
533:During the last months of
526:
503:took place in 1902, using
294:
40:. For the footballer, see
36:in Valmalenco valley, see
31:
1062:In the lower part of the
1023:bottling) with a minimum
724:(Let's go call the grass)
619:l'è foeu l'ors de la tana
608:l'è foeu l'ors de la tana
501:Ferrovia della Valtellina
182:, cheeses (in particular
1336:accessed 16 January 2012
488:. Australia, especially
365:("Romanic Bailiwicks").
50:Valpelline, Aosta Valley
27:Valley in Northern Italy
1637:Calendario Valtellinese
1098:in the Valtellina with
1055:style DOCG wine called
975:Vineyards in Valtellina
947:Il Palio delle Contrade
818:(Carnival of the fools)
732:, people used to go to
701:most likely comes from
547:Italian Social Republic
537:, the Italian dictator
442:18th and 19th centuries
267:(rural churches with a
150:
145:
1705:"Palio delle contrade"
1655:Prima la Valtellina.it
1411:Clark, Martin (2014).
1000:(DOC) and 10% for the
976:
927:
926:traditionally dressed.
853:
594:
326:
313:with the grey area of
163:
155:
122:
103:
91:
83:
72:
60:
1825:Wine regions of Italy
1465:Moseley, Ray (2004).
1438:Moseley, Ray (2004).
974:
952:Started in 1963, the
921:
848:
584:
448:First French Republic
308:
285:Saint Denis Monastery
166:) is a valley in the
97:
89:
78:
66:
58:
1318:(PDF; 3.95 MB)
1210:(Athlete, Skyrunner)
1191:Born in Valtellina:
954:Palio delle Contrade
873:unification of Italy
768:in force before the
572:Valtellinese variety
566:Culture and language
38:Chiesa in Valmalenco
1815:Valleys of Lombardy
1810:Valleys of the Alps
1782: /
1763:Tourist information
1735:Wine Label Language
1384:Paull, John (2014)
1251:Valtellina disaster
1127:Rock Engraving Park
983:(the local name of
907:, motorcycles, and
851:Mazzo di Valtellina
764:, according to the
722:AndĂ a ciamĂ l'erba
623:l'è foeu el sginer!
591:Castello dell'Acqua
551:Alessandro Pavolini
497:electrified railway
475:Kingdom of Sardinia
291:Early modern period
283:gave the valley to
240:province of Sondrio
206:The most important
1675:. 15 January 2015.
1346:Valtellina murders
1202:Deborah Compagnoni
1196:Achille Compagnoni
977:
928:
863:(the conscription)
854:
799:, white flour and
780:included numerous
776:("Old Carnival").
766:Ambrosian calendar
752:In the village of
713:means "gifts" and
697:The custom of the
615:l'è foeu el sginer
604:L'è foeu el sginer
595:
541:and other diehard
529:Valtellina Redoubt
467:Congress of Vienna
452:Cisalpine Republic
327:
104:
92:
84:
73:
61:
1657:. 6 January 2020.
1597:"CarnevĂ l di Mat"
1478:978-1-58979-095-7
1451:978-1-58979-095-7
1424:978-1-317-89840-5
1222:(Ski mountaineer)
834:of the Fools) to
643:intraverser l'ann
633:Intraverser l’ann
490:Western Australia
370:Thirty Years' War
321:, Valtellina and
210:of the valley is
192:Thirty Years' War
139:
16:(Redirected from
1837:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1786:46.167°N 9.867°E
1783:
1780:
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1715:on 30 March 2010
1711:. Archived from
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1208:Marco De Gasperi
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1092:Rhaetian Railway
967:Lombardia (wine)
840:Compagnia di Mat
770:Gregorian Reform
679:Poschiavo Valley
639:Intraverser l'èn
578:is also spoken.
576:Lombard Language
539:Benito Mussolini
479:Kingdom of Italy
363:Welsche Vogteien
263:with around ten
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137:
136:
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125:
21:
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1310:
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1274:
1259:
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1238:Giulio Tremonti
1226:Giuseppe Piazzi
1214:Arianna Fontana
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1179:
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1158:
1155:
1146:
1143:
1084:
969:
963:
950:
935:
877:rite of passage
865:
820:
816:Carneval di Mat
750:
726:
667:
636:
611:
600:
568:
545:leaders of the
531:
525:
444:
436:Treaty of Paris
303:
293:
273:Diocese of Como
253:
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204:
131:
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127:
80:Monte Disgrazia
53:
42:Marco Valtulina
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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48:elline, see
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1619:Grosio.info
1334:(in German)
1320:(in German)
1072:appellation
1059:(Sfursat).
861:coscrizione
505:three-phase
434:signed the
388:in absentia
368:During the
361:), and the
309:Map of the
281:Charlemagne
115:Val Telline
1804:Categories
1280:Valtellina
1257:References
1120:Val Masino
1100:St. Moritz
965:See also:
932:I Pasquali
649:of gates,
647:barricades
465:After the
456:GraubĂĽnden
339:GraubĂĽnden
295:See also:
269:baptistery
176:hot spring
172:ski centre
164:Valtellina
154:; German:
111:Valtelline
107:Valtellina
18:Valtelline
1691:Bormio.eu
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1234:(Patriot)
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836:Harlequin
801:buckwheat
519:company.
355:Westtirol
319:Tre Pievi
236:watershed
202:Geography
151:Valtulina
146:Valtelina
44:. For Val
1245:See also
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1049:Maroggia
1045:Valgella
1037:Sassella
1033:Grumello
985:Nebbiolo
939:Pasquali
909:tractors
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782:bonfires
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707:Epiphany
683:gabinat!
598:Folklore
513:Budapest
374:Habsburg
277:Lombards
220:Morbegno
180:bresaola
168:Lombardy
67:Flag of
32:For the
1774:46°10′N
1363:Italian
1297:Italian
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1082:Tourism
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343:Romansh
246:History
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212:Sondrio
160:Italian
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142:Lombard
123:Vuclina
119:Romansh
109:or the
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756:, the
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675:Tirano
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401:Thusis
357:(West
323:Bormio
275:. The
257:Romans
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224:Tirano
216:Aprica
208:comune
188:Alpine
178:spas,
132:listen
34:comune
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1011:yield
961:Wines
715:Nacht
711:Gaben
651:doors
560:Dongo
359:Tyrol
265:pieve
184:Bitto
1739:ISBN
1721:2022
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