746:
20:
440:(FAR, also called Plot Ratio and Floor Space Index). For example, a ten-story building on 10% of the site has the same floor area as a single-story building with 100% site coverage. Secondly, the measure of dwellings/hectare is common but particularly blunt. It depends on the functional mix, household size, and dwelling size in relation to building or population densities. Larger houses will produce higher building densities for the same population, and larger households will lead to higher populations for the same number of dwellings. In functionally mixed neighborhoods, housing will be just one component of the mix and therefore not a measure of building or population density. The
521:
styles, floor plate sizes, and building heights. While a small-grain urban fabric is linked to a more mixed neighborhood, large grains also need because some functions rely on those large grains to become part of the mix. The social mix has to do with how a good city brings together people of different ages, abilities, ethnicities, and social classes. Cities are places where differences rub together in walkable public spaces, and this mix of differences is fundamental to the production of urban vitality. Again, there is no single index for mix in its impact on walkability. The concept is fundamentally relational, both between functions and the formal and social mix sustaining them.
530:
790:" as coined by Daniel Parolek of Opticos Design, Inc., refers to multi-unit housing types (such as duplexes, fourplexes, bungalow courts, and mansion apartments not bigger than a large house), which are integrated throughout most walkable Pre-1940s neighborhoods, but became much less common after World War II, hence the term "missing." These housing types are often integrated into blocks with primarily single-family homes, to provide diverse housing choices and generate enough density to support transit and locally-serving commercial amenities.
868:
884:
67:
841:
can disrupt certain senses that animals rely on to find food, reproduce, avoid predators, etc. which can weaken ecosystems in an already human dominated environment. Society depends on these ecosystem for many ecological services such as provisioning, regulation, cultural/tourism, and supporting services and any degradation of these services can go beyond just affecting the aesthetic of a neighborhood or community but can have serious implications for livability and wellbeing on entire regions.
802:
292:
34:
1071:. These are maps (often online and interactive) that display the areas of a metropolis which can be reached from a given starting point, in a given amount of travel time. Such maps are useful for evaluating how well-connected a given address is to other possible urban destinations, or conversely, how large a territory can quickly get to a given address. The calculation of transit time maps is
783:), increased efficiency of land use, increased livability, economic benefits from improved public health, and economic development, among others. The benefits of walkability are best guaranteed if the entire system of public corridors is walkable - not limited to certain specialized routes. More sidewalks and increased walkability can promote tourism and increase property value.
381:
458:
404:, transparency and complexity. Walkability relies on the interdependencies between density, mix, and access in synergy. The urban DMA (Density, Mix, Access) is a set of synergies between the ways cities concentrate people and buildings, how they mix different people and activities, and the access networks used to navigate through them.
599:
2034:...there is zero net cost to the economy of switching from cars to walking and cycling .... as the cost of provision of improved walking and cycling infrastructure is expected to be substantially outweighed by the benefits through reduced cost of travel, better air quality, lower congestion and improved health and wellbeing.
915:, are employing to improve walkability. The COVID-19 pandemic gave birth to proposals for radical change in the organization of the town, in particular Barcelona, being the elimination of the car and consequent pedestrianization of the whole city one of the critical elements, and proposing an inversion of the concept of
512:(incorporating social exchange). They also identify primary relations between people and urban space – we become "residents", "workers", and "visitors", respectively, in different locations in everyday life. The key shift here lies in focusing on the mix rather than their functions. Such mapping offers an
1020:. However it may not translate well to non-Western locations where the idea of "optional" activities may be different. In any case, the diversity of people, and especially the presence of children, seniors and people with disabilities, denotes the quality, completeness and health of a walkable space.
991:
working from home completely eliminates any travel time associated with work and allows for people to use the time spent commuting, an average of 27.6 minutes in
America. An increase in people working from home in recent years after the COVID 19 pandemic not only has cut down on fossil fuels burned,
793:
Auto-focused street design diminishes walking and needed "eyes on the street" provided by the steady presence of people in an area. Walkability increases social interaction, mixing of populations, the average number of friends and associates where people live, reduced crime (with more people walking
640:
While there has been a push towards better walkability in cities in recent years, there are still many obstacles that need to be cleared to achieve more complete and cohesive communities where residents won't have to travel as far to get to where they need to go. For example, the average time it has
546:
and need to be understood from the perspective of those who choose between modes of walking, cycling, public transport, and cars. Public transport trips are generally coupled with walkable access to the transit stop. Walking will primarily be chosen for up to 10 minutes if it is the fastest mode and
520:
While the functional mix is crucial to any approach to walkability, it is important to note here that function is itself but one dimension of the urban mix, including the formal and social mix. A formal mix emerges from how a city produces different plot sizes, which are linked to different building
407:
These factors cannot be taken singularly. Rather than an ideal functional mix, there is a mix of mixes and interdependencies between formal, social, and functional mixes. Likewise, walk-able access cannot be reduced to any singular measure of connectivity, permeability, or catchment but is dependent
341:
is the accessibility of amenities by foot. It is based on the idea that urban spaces should be more than just transport corridors designed for maximum vehicle throughput. Instead, it should be relatively complete livable spaces that serve a variety of uses, users, and transportation modes and reduce
840:
Further, cities that developed under guiding philosophies like walkability typically see lower levels of noise pollution in their neighborhoods. This goes beyond just making quieter communities to live, less noise pollution can also mean greater biodiversity. Studies have shown that noise pollution
1030:
is a company that creates a walkability index based on the distance to amenities such as grocery stores, schools, parks, libraries, restaurants, and coffee shops. Walk Score's algorithm awards maximum points to amenities within 5 minutes' walk (.25 mi), and a decay function assigns points for
973:
decrease the radii of the corners of the curb at intersections, calm traffic, and reduce the distance pedestrians have to cross. On streets with parking, curb extensions allow pedestrians to see oncoming traffic better where they otherwise would be forced to walk into the street to see past parked
941:
Sidewalks can be implemented where there are "sidewalk gaps," with priority to areas where walking is encouraged, such as around schools or transit stations. Campaigns such as
Atlanta, Georgia's safe transit routes provide safer access to transit stops for pedestrians. There are several aspects to
844:
Cities that have a relatively high walkability score also tend to have a higher concentration of green spaces which facilitate a more walkable city. These green spaces can assist in regulatory ecological services such as flooding, improving the quality of both air and water, carbon sequestration,
516:
understanding of the mix that enables us to expose different kinds and levels of a mix. It is tempting to construct an index for an ideal mix measured by the degree of lightness as the mix approaches the center of the triangle. However, we suggest that the best cities comprise a mix of mixes. Our
424:
Density is an interrelated assemblage of buildings, populations, and street life. It is a crucial property of walkability because it concentrates more people and places within walkable distances. There is difficulty determining density due to populations oscillating from the suburbs to the urban
1057:
and a five star rating system to allow users to rate the walkability of their local streets. Users can rate a street using eight different categories: Crossing the street, pavement/sidewalk width, trip hazards, wayfinding, safety from crime, road safety, cleanliness/attractiveness, and disabled
723:
In contrast to walkable environments, less walkable environments are associated with higher BMIs and higher rates of obesity. This is particularly true for the more car-dependent environments of US suburban sprawl. Compared to walking and biking, driving as a commuting option is associated with
606:
Before cars and bicycles were mass-produced, walking was the main way to travel. It was the only way to get from place to place for much of human history. In the 1920s, economic growth led to increased automobile manufacturing. Cars were also becoming more affordable, leading to the rise of the
511:
Functional mix, like density, shortens the distances between wherever we are and where we need to be. The live/work/visit triangle constructs a field of possible relations between three primary functions that resonate with what economists have often called reproduction, production, and exchange
395:
One proposed definition for walkability is: "The extent to which the built environment is friendly to the presence of people living, shopping, visiting, enjoying or spending time in an area". A study attempted to comprehensively and objectively measure subjective qualities of the urban street
1015:
A simple way to determine the walkability of a block, corridor or neighborhood is to count the number of people walking, lingering and engaging in optional activities within a space. This process is a vast improvement upon pedestrian level of service (LOS) indicators, recommended within the
984:
Monitoring and improving safety in neighborhoods can make walking a more attractive option. Safety is the primary concern among children when choosing how to get to and from school. Ensuring safer walking areas by keeping paths well-maintained and well-lit can encourage
708:
released a report that new developments should be designed to encourage walking, on the grounds that walking contributes to a reduction of cancer. A further justification for walkability is founded upon evolutionary and philosophical grounds, contending that
2513:
1862:
Leyden, K.M., Hogan, M.J., D’Arcy, L., Bunting, B. and
Bierema, S., 2024. Walkable neighborhoods: Linkages between place, health, and happiness in younger and older adults. Journal of the American Planning Association, 90(1), pp.101-114.
1346:
590:'s five D's of the built environment—density, diversity, design, destination accessibility, and distance to transit—heavily influence an area's walkability. Combinations of these factors influence an individual's decision to walk.
541:
of a city enable and constrain pedestrian flows; it is the capacity or possibility to walk. Like density and mix, these are properties embodied in urban form and facilitate more efficient pedestrian flows. Access networks are also
641:
taken
American commuters to get to work has actually increased from 25 minutes in 2006 to 27.6 minutes in 2019, so much is still to be done if walkability is to be realized and a lessened reliance on cars comes into fruition.
998:
Create a destination within walking distance of every home where people can partake in indoor and outdoor games, sports, dance, food, etc. Although exclusive to children, these destinations sometimes exist in the form of
1090:, time of day, and day of week. Moreover, the recent development of computer vision and street view imagery has provided significant potential to automatically assess spaces for pedestrians from the ground level.
547:
other factors are equal. Walking has the advantage that it is a much more predictable trip time than public transport or cars, where we have to allow for delays caused by poor service, congestion, and parking.
2146:
Joh, Kenneth, Sandip
Chakrabarti, Marlon G Boarnet, and Ayoung Woo. "The Walking Renaissance: A Longitudinal Analysis of Walking Travel in the Greater Los Angeles Area, USA." Sustainability 7, no. 7 (2015):
1046:
to rate and review the walkability of each street. As of 2011, Walkonomics claimed to have ratings for every street in
England (over 600,000 streets) and New York City., although it stopped service in 2018.
797:
Socioeconomic factors contribute to willingness to choose walking over driving. Income, age, race, ethnicity, education, household status, and having children in a household all influence walking travel.
2514:"Davies, A. and Clark, S. (2009) Identifying and prioritising walking investment through the PERS audit tool - Walk21 Proceedings, 10th International Conference for Walking, New York, USA, October 2009"
2654:
Steiniger, S., Poorazizi, M.E. & Hunter, A.J.S (2013) 'WalkYourPlace - evaluating neighbourhood accessibility at street level', UDMS 2013 - Proceedings of the 29th Urban Data
Management Symposium,
2520:
960:
increase walkability by connecting neighborhoods, using landscape architectural elements to create visually aesthetic green space and allowing for physical activity. Towns can also be modified to be
935:
removing signposts and utility poles, can increase the walkable width of the sidewalk. Quality maintenance and proper sidewalks lighting reduce obstructions, improve safety, and encourage walking.
2478:
Banerjee, Tridib et al. "Walking to School: The
Experience of Children in Inner City Los Angeles and Implications for Policy." Journal of Planning Education and Research 34, no 2 (2014): 123-140.
1354:
952:
replace roads for better walkability. Cities undertake pedestrian projects for better traffic flow by closing automobile access and only allowing pedestrians to travel. Projects such as the
929:
Vegetation buffers as grass areas between the street and the sidewalk also make sidewalks safer and also absorbs the carbon dioxide from automobile emissions and assists with water drainage.
66:
907:
is ecologically unsustainable. Automobile-oriented environments engender dangerous conditions for motorists and pedestrians and are generally bereft of aesthetics. A type of zoning called
724:
higher levels of obesity. There are well-established links between the design of an urban area (including its walkability and land use policy) and health outcomes for that community.
320:
825:
can be reduced if more people choose to walk rather than drive or use public transportation, so proponents of walkable cities describe improving walkability as an important tool for
633:
remains one of the most influential books in the history of
American city planning, especially concerning the future developments of the walkability concept. She coined the terms "
3283:
396:
environment. Using ratings from an expert panel, it was possible to measure five urban design qualities in terms of physical characteristics of streets and their edges:
745:
720:
In addition, walkable neighborhoods have been linked to higher levels of happiness, health, trust, and social connections in comparison with more car-oriented places.
517:
attention should focus instead on the corners of the triangle – the dysfunctional parts of cities where one can- not walk between living, work, and visiting functions.
2213:
1781:"Is Walk Score associated with hospital admissions from chronic diseases? Evidence from a cross-sectional study in a high socioeconomic status Australian city-state"
3437:
1706:
Gase, Lauren N., Paul A. Simon, et al.. "Public
Awareness of and Support for Infrastructure Changes Designed to Increase Walking and Biking in Los Angeles County."
942:
consider when implementing new sidewalks, such as sidewalk width. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that sidewalks be at least five feet in width.
1223:
978:, also provide safer crossings because they provide better visibility for both drivers and pedestrians. Improving crosswalk safety also increases walkability.
313:
19:
608:
1328:
3215:
874:
775:
Walkability has also been found to have many socioeconomic benefits, including accessibility, cost savings both to individuals and to the public,
2862:
2489:
705:
306:
2237:
1012:. An established and widely used walking audit tool is PERS (Pedestrian Environment Review System) which has been used extensively in the UK.
353:. In recent years, walkability has become popular because of its health, economic, and environmental benefits. It is an essential concept of
1876:
3406:
2074:"Walkability and Its Relationships With Health, Sustainability, and Livability: Elements of Physical Environment and Evaluation Frameworks"
1609:
Hendee, Caitlin. "More on the cover story: A short history of walkable urbanism and transit-oriented development". Denver Business Journal.
623:
from racially mixed urban regions to more racially homogeneous suburban regions with the growth of an automobile-centric urban planning.
2286:
637:", "mixed primary uses", and "eyes on the street", which were adopted professionally in urban design, sociology, and many other fields.
473:. In particular, the use of "we" in multiple places outside of quotes ("we become", "we suggest"), and confusing language "mix of mixes".
3177:
2638:
Dovey, K., Woodcock, I. & Pike, L. (2017) 'Isochrone Mapping of Urban Transport', Planning Practice & Research, 32(4): 402-416.
2353:
2122:
529:
3447:
1720:
MĂ©line, Julie; Chaix, Basile; Pannier, Bruno; Ogedegbe, Gbenga; Trasande, Leonardo; Athens, Jessica; Duncan, Dustin T. (2017-12-19).
3401:
3210:
2925:
2433:
1633:
1526:
1185:
498:
1877:"Is Your City Making You Fat? How Urban Planning Can Address The Obesity Epidemic - UMBC: University Of Maryland, Baltimore County"
3269:
369:
280:
242:
1569:
Wang, Ke. "Causality Between Built Environment and Travel Behavior: Structural Equations Model Applied to Southern California."
3129:
1233:
2747:
3442:
2078:
1649:
619:
and walking infrastructure, have attracted more attention from planners and policymakers. There is a correlation between the
416:" or "rate my street" websites offer more metrics to connect urban morphology with better environmental and health outcomes.
2899:
walkscore.com/, an online tool that maps walk-scores, a walkability index that is based on a number of measurable variables.
2020:
3276:
2720:
1610:
664:(BMI) and high levels of physical activity of local populations. Physical activity can prevent chronic diseases, such as
3360:
1584:
237:
207:
1836:
794:
and watching over neighborhoods, open space and main streets), increased sense of pride, and increased volunteerism.
476:
23:
3309:
1779:
Mazumdar, Soumya; Learnihan, Vincent; Cochrane, Thomas; Phung, Hai; O'Connor, Bridget; Davey, Rachel (2016-12-01).
1032:
739:
701:
197:
3355:
3235:
2625:
903:
mobility as an alternative to older building practices that favor automobiles. This shift includes a belief that
826:
275:
867:
3037:
1403:
Ewing, Reid; Handy, Susan (2009). "Measuring the Unmeasurable: Urban Design Qualities Related to Walkability".
1265:
822:
2411:
2389:
2312:"Pedestrian Crossing and Safety at the Intersection of Gribble and Hibberson Street ACT Legislative Assembly"
1694:"Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form: Findings from SMARTRAQ"
1067:
A newly developing concept is the transit time map (sometimes called a transit shed map), which is a type of
444:-based density of residents/hectare is another common measure, but it does not include those who work there.
3293:
3245:
3225:
3027:
1017:
883:
247:
202:
1201:
1072:
787:
665:
182:
468:
3381:
2918:
697:
616:
266:
232:
106:
58:
821:
One of benefits of improving walkability is the decrease of the automobile footprint in the community.
801:
582:, traffic volume and speed. and wind conditions. Walkability is also examined based on the surrounding
2774:
3304:
2107:
1450:
1169:
543:
426:
131:
111:
37:
2800:
Ito, K.; Biljecki, F. (2021). "Assessing bikeability with street view imagery and computer vision".
372:, traffic and road conditions, land use patterns, building accessibility, and safety, among others.
3083:
1899:"What Is Driving Obesity? A Review on the Connections Between Obesity and Motorized Transportation"
1693:
1543:
1211:
854:
845:
etc. all while also improving the attractiveness of the city or town in which it's implemented in.
655:
571:
227:
167:
3365:
3088:
2827:
2809:
1484:
1307:
1228:
1217:
961:
693:
2851:
2311:
1722:"Neighborhood walk score and selected Cardiometabolic factors in the French RECORD cohort study"
3319:
2981:
2374:
1973:
1965:
1946:"Influence of urban and transport planning and the city environment on cardiovascular disease"
1926:
1918:
1818:
1800:
1761:
1743:
1629:
1522:
1476:
1347:"S. Grignaffini, S. Cappellanti, A. Cefalo, "Visualizing sustainability in urban conditions",
829:. The benefits of less emissions include improved health conditions and quality of life, less
776:
766:
681:
583:
409:
2262:
786:
In recent years, the demand for housing in a walkable urban context has increased. The term "
3391:
3350:
3329:
3067:
2911:
2819:
2639:
2190:
2087:
2000:
1957:
1910:
1808:
1792:
1751:
1733:
1466:
1458:
1412:
1299:
1144:
1132:
1126:
579:
480:
437:
296:
222:
187:
172:
162:
126:
121:
1438:
3386:
3345:
3314:
3093:
3017:
2593:
2467:
1164:
1115:
949:
908:
661:
412:
access through public transit nodes. While DMA is based on walkability measures, popular "
389:
291:
212:
136:
33:
1650:"Census Bureau Estimates Show Average One-Way Travel Time to Work Rises to All-Time High"
1390:
753:
1454:
3141:
2961:
2889:
levelofservice.com, Walkability tools research and walking level of service calculator.
1813:
1780:
1756:
1721:
1244:
1100:
975:
970:
904:
890:
834:
805:
634:
587:
551:
538:
334:
217:
157:
91:
51:
1556:
Ewing, Reid and Cervero, Robert. "Travel and the Built Environment: A Meta-Analysis",
3431:
3411:
3250:
3192:
3182:
3151:
2991:
2863:"Social Capital and the Built Environment: The Importance of Walkable Neighborhoods."
2831:
2157:
2045:
1993:"Obesity, physical activity, and the urban environment: public health research needs"
1898:
1488:
1311:
1255:
1195:
1109:
1068:
1050:
1043:
1009:
957:
350:
257:
192:
41:
1945:
3230:
3161:
3136:
3012:
2894:
Walkshed.org, an online walkability mapping application using personal preferences.
1675:
1292:
Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability
1270:
1239:
1206:
1159:
685:
673:
620:
555:
397:
357:
141:
116:
86:
3103:
2643:
1544:"Indicators of Activity-Friendly Communities: An Evidence-Based Consensus Process"
1504:
Space for Community: Cohousing as an Alternative Density Model for Housing Seattle
433:. Density may be conflated with building height, contributing to the confusion.
360:. Factors influencing walkability include the presence or absence and quality of
3396:
3324:
3261:
3220:
3187:
3146:
2986:
2966:
2956:
2655:
1864:
1796:
1260:
1179:
1138:
1082:
To be useful, the production of a transit time map must take into consideration
1054:
780:
770:
749:
626:
612:
401:
354:
346:
177:
101:
578:, nearby local destinations, air quality, shade or sun in appropriate seasons,
3119:
3022:
3007:
2871:
2823:
2607:
2092:
2073:
1961:
1914:
1738:
1416:
1303:
1190:
1027:
912:
900:
731:
689:
575:
567:
513:
413:
96:
2354:"Here's how Cincinnati's form-based codes are designed to spur redevelopment"
2182:
1969:
1922:
1804:
1747:
1480:
1462:
615:
soon led to public concern over pollution. Alternatives, including improved
436:
The ratio between the floor area and the site area is generally known as the
3240:
3156:
3072:
2976:
2971:
2847:
2582:. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 250–51, 265–66.
2194:
2123:"Missing Middle Housing: Responding to the Demand for Walkable Urban Living"
1076:
1039:
953:
559:
425:
center. Moreover, measures of density can differ dramatically for different
81:
2667:
2005:
1977:
1930:
1822:
1765:
889:
Hibberson St. in 2020, after a pedestrian-friendly plan carried out by the
1992:
598:
3078:
2951:
2453:
1174:
1153:
809:
714:
669:
430:
365:
361:
27:
1471:
380:
2934:
1250:
1236: – 11th of 17 Sustainable Development Goals for sustainable cities
1182: – Concept that takes people as the primary measure of development
1087:
677:
563:
2055:
3124:
3060:
2488:
Parker, Kim; Horowitz, Juliana Menasce; Minkin, Rachel (2022-02-16).
2341:. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 263–300.
1999:. Vol. 5. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source.
735:
441:
385:
1378:
742:
to find additional built environment factors in walkability indices.
2814:
1220: – Urban planning for mixed-use areas prioritising pedestrians
3098:
3055:
2903:
2028:
1121:
800:
744:
597:
533:
British poster encouraging energy conservation during World War II
528:
379:
345:
The term "walkability" was primarily invented in the 1960s due to
32:
18:
2888:
2577:
2336:
1008:
One way of assessing and measuring walkability is to undertake a
660:
Walkability indices have been found to correlate with both lower
2876:
Walkable City: How Downtown Can Save America, One Step at a Time
2390:"Manifiesto por la reorganizaciĂłn de la ciudad tras el COVID-19"
1083:
830:
710:
3265:
2907:
2214:"How does walking and cycling help to protect the environment?"
451:
2898:
2693:
2626:"Rating walkability by combining Open Data and Crowdsourcing"
2494:
Pew Research Center’s Social & Demographic Trends Project
2434:"Manifesto for the Reorganisation of the City after COVID19"
2072:
Baobeid, Abdulla; Koç, Muammer; Al-Ghamdi, Sami G. (2021).
1696:. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. pp. 117–25.
1681:. Journal of the American Planning Association. p. 77.
1546:. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. pp. 515–24.
1198: – Traffic calming in spaces shared between road users
2183:"How the built environment influences walking and cycling"
1379:
Online TDM Encyclopedia chapter on pedestrian improvements
922:
There are several ways to make a community more walkable:
2287:"Gungahlin's pedestrian-friendly plan tabled in Assembly"
2490:"COVID-19 Pandemic Continues To Reshape Work in America"
1075:, and considerable work is being done on more efficient
992:
but also has other benefits like improving productivity.
2893:
2748:"Beyond "transit scores": an exchange with Matt Lerner"
2048:
Transportation Research Board of the National Academies
1149:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1105:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
562:, buffers to moving traffic (planter strips, on-street
1290:
Lo, Ria Hutabarat (2009). "Walkability: what is it?".
1023:
A number of commercial walkability scores also exist:
2802:
Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies
2562:
Hutabarat Lo, R. (2009). "Walkability: what is it?",
2412:"Por una Barcelona menos mercantilizada y más humana"
1897:
King, Douglas M.; Jacobson, Sheldon H. (March 2017).
602:
This classic book by Jane Jacobs promoted walkability
2721:"Walk Score Updates Transit Travel Map for Bay Area"
2158:"Walkable Cities @ProjectDrawdown #ClimateSolutions"
1837:"Cancer: Sarcoma, Carcinoma, Lymphoma, and Leukemia"
3374:
3338:
3201:
3170:
3112:
3046:
3000:
2942:
1374:
1372:
730:Due to discrepancies between residents' health in
1135: – Transportation policy and design approach
1118: – Unmotorised transport powered by activity
738:neighborhoods with similar walkability measures,
688:. Thus for instance, an increase in neighborhood
2108:"Planning for Complete Communities in Delaware"
2046:Todd Littman, "Economic Value of Walkability",
1991:Lopez, Russel P. and H. Patricia Hynes (2006).
1851:Upright: The Evolutionary Key to Becoming Human
1349:WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment
3277:
2919:
2656:https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/194261782.pdf
1865:https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2022.2123382
1224:Permeability (spatial and transport planning)
314:
8:
2594:"ceosforcities.org, Walking the Walk (2009)"
2553:. Washington D.C.: National Research Council
2466:"Accessible Rights-of-Way: A Design Guide,"
2189:, Bristol University Press, pp. 67–84,
1558:Journal of the American Planning Association
1031:amenities up to 30 minutes away. Scores are
479:. There might be a discussion about this on
2694:"Dynamic Public Transport Travel Time Maps"
1626:The death and life of great American cities
1129: – Urban planning prioritising cycling
631:The Death and Life of Great American Cities
3284:
3270:
3262:
2926:
2912:
2904:
911:is a tool that some American cities, like
321:
307:
65:
46:
2813:
2091:
2021:The Sixth Carbon Budget Surface Transport
2004:
1853:, Houghton-Mifflin: New York, pp. 122-171
1812:
1755:
1737:
1619:
1617:
1470:
1323:
1321:
1247: – Intensity of use of an urban area
499:Learn how and when to remove this message
2540:. Copenhagen: Danish Architectural Press
1437:Dovey, Kim; Pafka, Elek (January 2020).
1038:Walkonomics was a web app that combines
384:Mixed use pedestrian friendly street in
3216:International Federation of Pedestrians
1676:"Many Pathways from Land Use to Health"
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1282:
875:Gungahlin, Australian Capital Territory
265:
149:
73:
57:
3438:Urban studies and planning terminology
2549:Transportation Research Board (2000).
2261:Cartier, Kimberly M. S. (2021-05-21).
2061:. Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
1542:Ramirez; et al. (December 2006).
1519:Sustainability Principles and Practice
706:American Institute for Cancer Research
2773:Wehrmeyer, Stefan (31 October 2010).
2054:Litman, Todd Alexander (2004-10-12).
1944:Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J. (July 2018).
1141: – Degree of the ease of cycling
1112: – Physically active way of life
7:
3407:Public transport accessibility level
2852:"What is walkability? The urban DMA"
2668:"Transit Time Map: Bay Area, 9:00am"
2263:"Growing Equity in City Green Space"
1692:Frank; et al. (February 2005).
1521:. Routledge. pp. ppl: 208–222.
1439:"What is walkability? The urban DMA"
1156: – Thoroughfare for pedestrians
1049:RateMyStreet is a website that uses
609:Post–World War II economic expansion
16:How accessible a space is to walking
2746:Walker, Jarrett (24 January 2011).
1351:, Vol. 1, pp. 253-262, 10 Jun 2008"
1214: – Obesity and walking effects
1147: – Bicycling as transportation
1103: – Urban accessibility concept
1674:Frank; et al. (Winter 2006).
1583:Rich, Nathaniel (April 23, 2015).
1079:for quickly producing such maps.
696:profiles and a decreased risk of
14:
3402:Passengers per hour per direction
3211:International charter for walking
2866:American Journal of Public Health
1585:"The History of a City Underfoot"
1186:International charter for walking
827:adapting cities to climate change
150:Aspects of sustainable transport:
2551:Highway capacity manual: HCM2000
2536:Gehl, J. and Gemzoe, L. (1996).
2316:epetitions.parliament.act.gov.au
1506:(PhD). University Of Washington.
1393:21 March 2005. Retrieved 4/21/08
882:
866:
833:, and less of a contribution to
456:
290:
281:Index of sustainability articles
243:Transportation demand management
2719:Roth, Matthew (12 March 2009).
2432:Paolini, Massimo (2020-04-20).
2388:Maiztegui, Belén (2020-06-18).
2056:"Economic Value of Walkability"
1560:, vol 76, no 3 (2010): 265-294.
1502:Mariana Darling, Emily (2017).
1234:Sustainable Development Goal 11
899:Many communities have embraced
2079:Frontiers in Built Environment
1571:Transportation Research Record
408:on destinations and geared to
342:the need for cars for travel.
1:
2644:10.1080/02697459.2017.1329487
2538:Public spaces and public life
2377:. Form-Based Codes Institute.
2187:Promoting walking and cycling
1329:"Walkability Is Good for You"
974:cars. Striped crosswalks, or
611:. The detrimental effects of
267:Sustainable transport toolbox
3361:Transit-oriented development
2375:"Cincinnati Form-Based Code"
2242:National Wildlife Federation
1591:. The New York Times Company
1517:Robertson, Margaret (2014).
692:has linked with both better
238:Transit-oriented development
208:Integrated transport network
3178:Pedestrian circumnavigators
2410:ArgemĂ, Anna (2020-05-08).
1797:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012548
1589:The New York Times Magazine
1391:"Walkability Scoping Paper"
3464:
3310:Transportation forecasting
2850:& Pafka, Elek (2019).
2566:Vol. 2, No. 2, pp 145-166.
1628:. New York: Random House.
1084:detailed transit schedules
852:
764:
740:further research is needed
702:World Cancer Research Fund
653:
558:, presence and quality of
554:factors include access to
198:Human-powered land vehicle
3448:Pedestrian infrastructure
3356:Green transport hierarchy
3300:
3236:Walk Safely to School Day
2861:Leyden, Kevin M. (2003).
2824:10.1016/j.trc.2021.103371
2093:10.3389/fbuil.2021.721218
1962:10.1038/s41569-018-0003-2
1950:Nature Reviews Cardiology
1915:10.1007/s13679-017-0238-y
1739:10.1186/s12889-017-4962-8
1573:, no 2397 (2013): 80- 88.
1417:10.1080/13574800802451155
1304:10.1080/17549170903092867
1073:computationally intensive
948:: New infrastructure and
276:Outline of sustainability
3038:Walking distance measure
2608:"Walk Score Methodology"
2454:"safe routes to transit"
1463:10.1177/0042098018819727
1266:Walking distance measure
1033:normalized from 0 to 100
24:De la Gauchetière Street
3294:transportation planning
3246:Walking Artists Network
3226:National Pedestrian Day
3130:Long-distance footpaths
3028:Preferred walking speed
2195:10.2307/j.ctt1t6p71q.11
1903:Current Obesity Reports
1849:Stanford, Craig (2003)
1405:Journal of Urban Design
1018:Highway Capacity Manual
996:Improving destinations:
717:development in humans.
248:Transportation planning
203:Human-powered transport
2868:. Volume 93: 1546-1551
2576:Zehner, Ozzie (2012).
2335:Zehner, Ozzie (2012).
2006:10.1186/1476-069X-5-25
1202:Missing Middle Housing
849:Increasing walkability
813:
788:Missing Middle Housing
757:
666:cardiovascular disease
607:automobile during the
603:
534:
392:
183:Cycling infrastructure
44:
30:
3443:Sustainable transport
3382:Automobile dependency
2781:. stefanwehrmeyer.com
2775:"A Mapnificent World"
1624:Jacobs, Jane (1961).
835:global climate change
804:
765:Further information:
748:
694:Cardio metabolic risk
654:Further information:
617:public transportation
601:
532:
383:
233:Sustainable transport
107:Free public transport
59:Sustainable transport
36:
22:
3305:Land use forecasting
2238:"Ecosystem Services"
1997:Environmental Health
1170:Free-range parenting
933:Moving obstructions:
713:is important to the
613:automobile emissions
572:pedestrian crossings
469:confusing or unclear
368:or other pedestrian
297:Transport portal
132:Sustainable urbanism
3084:Pedestrian crossing
2692:Wehrmeyer, Stefan.
2564:Journal of Urbanism
2127:Opticos Design, Inc
1708:Preventive Medicine
1455:2020UrbSt..57...93D
1357:on 23 February 2012
1212:Obesity and walking
962:pedestrian villages
855:Mobility transition
779:(which can include
656:Sedentary lifestyle
477:clarify the section
228:Road traffic safety
168:Carbon neutral fuel
3375:Modal measurements
3366:Pedestrian village
3089:Pedestrian village
2779:On the Things I Do
2754:. humantransit.org
2725:sf.streetsblog.org
2700:. Stefan Wehrmeyer
2291:The Canberra Times
2050:, Vol. 1828, 2003.
1335:, 11 December 2014
1229:Street reclamation
1218:Pedestrian village
905:dependency on cars
814:
758:
734:neighborhoods and
604:
535:
393:
45:
31:
3425:
3424:
3320:Trip distribution
3259:
3258:
2982:Walker (mobility)
2727:. streetsblog.org
2121:Parolek, Daniel.
1726:BMC Public Health
1710:72 (2015): 70-75.
1088:service frequency
982:Improving safety:
909:Form-based coding
873:Hibberson St. in
777:student transport
767:Student transport
586:. Reid Ewing and
584:built environment
509:
508:
501:
331:
330:
74:Also relevant to:
3455:
3392:Cycling mobility
3351:Bicycle friendly
3330:Route assignment
3286:
3279:
3272:
3263:
2943:Aids, groups and
2928:
2921:
2914:
2905:
2836:
2835:
2817:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2628:. June 18, 2011.
2622:
2616:
2615:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2573:
2567:
2560:
2554:
2547:
2541:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2519:. Archived from
2518:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2162:Project Drawdown
2154:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2025:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1873:
1867:
1860:
1854:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1816:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1759:
1741:
1717:
1711:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1621:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1580:
1574:
1567:
1561:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1474:
1434:
1421:
1420:
1400:
1394:
1389:Abley, Stephen.
1387:
1381:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1353:. Archived from
1343:
1337:
1336:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1287:
1150:
1145:Cycling mobility
1133:Complete streets
1127:Bicycle-friendly
1106:
1058:peoples' access.
968:Curb extensions:
950:pedestrian zones
886:
870:
823:Carbon emissions
756:, Czech Republic
580:street furniture
504:
497:
493:
490:
484:
460:
459:
452:
438:Floor Area Ratio
323:
316:
309:
295:
294:
223:Public transport
188:Electric vehicle
173:Complete streets
163:Bicycle-friendly
127:Sustainable city
122:Renewable energy
69:
47:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3387:Bicycle counter
3370:
3346:Automotive city
3334:
3315:Trip generation
3296:
3290:
3260:
3255:
3203:
3197:
3166:
3108:
3094:Pedestrian zone
3048:
3047:Environment and
3042:
3018:Knuckle-walking
2996:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2885:
2844:
2842:Further reading
2839:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2757:
2755:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2730:
2728:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2701:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2653:
2649:
2637:
2633:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2579:Green Illusions
2575:
2574:
2570:
2561:
2557:
2548:
2544:
2535:
2531:
2523:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2498:
2496:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2438:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2417:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2395:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2358:
2356:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2338:Green Illusions
2334:
2333:
2329:
2320:
2318:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2296:
2294:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2271:
2269:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2246:
2244:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2222:
2220:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2199:
2197:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2167:
2165:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2058:
2053:
2044:
2040:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2014:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1882:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1861:
1857:
1848:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1791:(12): e012548.
1778:
1777:
1773:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1658:
1656:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1604:
1594:
1592:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1568:
1564:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1436:
1435:
1424:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1165:Form-based code
1148:
1116:Active mobility
1104:
1096:
1065:
1006:
989:Work from home:
976:zebra crossings
971:Curb extensions
946:Pedestrian zone
897:
896:
895:
894:
893:
887:
879:
878:
871:
859:
857:
851:
819:
773:
763:
727:
662:Body Mass Index
658:
652:
647:
629:' classic book
596:
552:infrastructural
539:access networks
527:
525:Access networks
505:
494:
488:
485:
474:
461:
457:
450:
422:
390:North Macedonia
378:
327:
289:
213:Pedestrian zone
137:Transit village
17:
12:
11:
5:
3461:
3459:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3430:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3342:
3340:
3339:Modes favoured
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3266:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3142:Nordic walking
3139:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3122:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3052:
3050:
3049:infrastructure
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2962:Crossing guard
2959:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2884:
2883:External links
2881:
2880:
2879:
2869:
2859:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2792:
2765:
2738:
2711:
2684:
2659:
2647:
2631:
2617:
2599:
2585:
2568:
2555:
2542:
2529:
2526:on 2012-03-01.
2505:
2480:
2471:
2459:
2445:
2424:
2402:
2380:
2366:
2344:
2327:
2303:
2278:
2253:
2229:
2205:
2174:
2149:
2139:
2113:
2099:
2064:
2038:
2012:
1983:
1956:(7): 432–438.
1936:
1889:
1868:
1855:
1842:
1828:
1771:
1712:
1699:
1684:
1666:
1641:
1634:
1613:
1602:
1575:
1562:
1549:
1534:
1527:
1509:
1494:
1422:
1395:
1382:
1368:
1338:
1317:
1298:(2): 145–166.
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1245:Urban vitality
1242:
1237:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1151:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:15 minute city
1097:
1095:
1092:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1047:
1036:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
993:
986:
979:
965:
943:
939:Sidewalk gaps:
936:
930:
891:ACT Government
888:
881:
880:
872:
865:
864:
863:
862:
861:
850:
847:
818:
815:
762:
759:
651:
648:
646:
643:
635:social capital
595:
592:
588:Robert Cervero
526:
523:
507:
506:
464:
462:
455:
449:
448:Functional mix
446:
421:
418:
377:
374:
349:revolution in
335:urban planning
329:
328:
326:
325:
318:
311:
303:
300:
299:
286:
285:
284:
283:
278:
270:
269:
263:
262:
261:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
218:Plug-in hybrid
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
158:15-minute city
152:
151:
147:
146:
145:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
92:Climate change
89:
84:
76:
75:
71:
70:
62:
61:
55:
54:
52:sustainability
50:A subtopic of
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3460:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3412:Traffic count
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3275:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3252:
3251:Walking audit
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:and campaigns
3200:
3194:
3193:Slow marathon
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3183:Pedestrianism
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3152:Speed walking
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3068:Drovers' road
3066:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2992:Walking stick
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2941:
2936:
2929:
2924:
2922:
2917:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2856:Urban Studies
2853:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2796:
2793:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2766:
2753:
2752:Human Transit
2749:
2742:
2739:
2726:
2722:
2715:
2712:
2699:
2695:
2688:
2685:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2522:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2460:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2435:
2428:
2425:
2413:
2406:
2403:
2391:
2384:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2355:
2348:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2331:
2328:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2254:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2143:
2140:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2068:
2065:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1688:
1685:
1677:
1670:
1667:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1637:
1635:0-679-74195-X
1631:
1627:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1528:9780203768747
1524:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1449:(1): 93–108.
1448:
1444:
1443:Urban Studies
1440:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1356:
1352:
1350:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1333:Bloomberg.com
1330:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1256:Walking audit
1254:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1196:Living street
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:Active living
1108:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1069:isochrone map
1062:
1056:
1052:
1051:crowdsourcing
1048:
1045:
1044:crowdsourcing
1041:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1010:walking audit
1003:
997:
994:
990:
987:
983:
980:
977:
972:
969:
966:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
944:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
924:
923:
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
892:
885:
876:
869:
860:
856:
848:
846:
842:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
817:Environmental
816:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
789:
784:
782:
781:walking buses
778:
772:
768:
761:Socioeconomic
760:
755:
751:
747:
743:
741:
737:
733:
728:
725:
721:
718:
716:
712:
707:
703:
699:
698:heart-attacks
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
657:
649:
644:
642:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
600:
593:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
548:
545:
540:
531:
524:
522:
518:
515:
503:
500:
492:
489:February 2024
482:
481:the talk page
478:
472:
470:
465:This section
463:
454:
453:
447:
445:
443:
439:
434:
432:
429:and building
428:
419:
417:
415:
411:
405:
403:
400:, enclosure,
399:
391:
387:
382:
375:
373:
371:
370:rights-of-way
367:
363:
359:
356:
352:
351:urban studies
348:
343:
340:
336:
324:
319:
317:
312:
310:
305:
304:
302:
301:
298:
293:
288:
287:
282:
279:
277:
274:
273:
272:
271:
268:
264:
259:
258:Walking audit
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
193:Green vehicle
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
155:
154:
153:
148:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
79:
78:
77:
72:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
53:
49:
48:
43:
42:New York City
39:
35:
29:
25:
21:
3416:
3231:New Urbanism
3162:Walking tour
3137:Mall walking
3032:
3013:Hand walking
2878:. Macmillan.
2875:
2865:
2855:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2783:. Retrieved
2778:
2768:
2756:. Retrieved
2751:
2741:
2729:. Retrieved
2724:
2714:
2702:. Retrieved
2697:
2687:
2675:. Retrieved
2671:
2662:
2650:
2634:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2588:
2578:
2571:
2563:
2558:
2550:
2545:
2537:
2532:
2521:the original
2508:
2497:. Retrieved
2493:
2483:
2474:
2462:
2448:
2437:. Retrieved
2427:
2416:. Retrieved
2414:(in Spanish)
2405:
2394:. Retrieved
2392:(in Spanish)
2383:
2369:
2357:. Retrieved
2352:Yung, John.
2347:
2337:
2330:
2319:. Retrieved
2315:
2306:
2295:. Retrieved
2293:. 2011-11-15
2290:
2281:
2270:. Retrieved
2266:
2256:
2245:. Retrieved
2241:
2232:
2221:. Retrieved
2217:
2208:
2198:, retrieved
2186:
2177:
2166:. Retrieved
2164:. 2020-02-06
2161:
2152:
2142:
2130:. Retrieved
2126:
2116:
2102:
2083:
2077:
2067:
2047:
2041:
2033:
2027:
2015:
1996:
1986:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1881:. Retrieved
1879:. 2020-02-20
1871:
1858:
1850:
1845:
1831:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1729:
1725:
1715:
1707:
1702:
1687:
1669:
1657:. Retrieved
1653:
1644:
1625:
1605:
1595:November 22,
1593:. Retrieved
1588:
1578:
1570:
1565:
1557:
1552:
1537:
1518:
1512:
1503:
1497:
1472:11343/230627
1446:
1442:
1411:(1): 65–84.
1408:
1404:
1398:
1385:
1359:. Retrieved
1355:the original
1348:
1341:
1332:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1271:Walking tour
1240:Trail ethics
1207:New Urbanism
1160:Forced rider
1081:
1066:
1022:
1014:
1007:
995:
988:
985:walkability.
981:
967:
945:
938:
932:
926:
921:
917:the sidewalk
916:
898:
858:
843:
839:
820:
796:
792:
785:
774:
729:
726:
722:
719:
686:osteoporosis
674:hypertension
659:
639:
630:
625:
621:white exodus
605:
556:mass transit
549:
536:
519:
510:
495:
486:
475:Please help
466:
435:
427:morphologies
423:
410:metropolitan
406:
398:imageability
394:
358:urban design
347:Jane Jacobs'
344:
338:
332:
252:
142:Urban design
117:New Urbanism
87:Carfree city
3417:Walkability
3397:Modal share
3325:Mode choice
3221:Metrominuto
3202:Initiatives
3188:Racewalking
3147:Shatapawali
3033:Walkability
2987:Walking bus
2967:Dog walking
2957:Baby walker
2872:Speck, Jeff
2785:25 February
2758:25 February
2731:25 February
2704:25 February
2698:Mapnificent
2677:25 February
1361:26 February
1261:Walking bus
1180:Human scale
1139:Cyclability
1055:Google Maps
812:, Indonesia
771:Walking bus
750:Walking bus
627:Jane Jacobs
544:multi-modal
402:human scale
355:sustainable
339:walkability
253:Walkability
178:Cyclability
102:Ecodistrict
3432:Categories
3075:/Promenade
3023:Pedestrian
3008:Dromomania
2874:. (2012).
2848:Dovey, Kim
2815:2105.08499
2808:: 103371.
2672:Walk Score
2612:Walk Score
2499:2022-05-30
2439:2021-05-01
2418:2021-05-11
2396:2021-05-11
2321:2024-01-18
2297:2024-01-18
2272:2022-05-30
2247:2022-05-30
2223:2022-05-30
2200:2022-05-30
2168:2020-11-27
2147:8985-9011.
2032:(Report).
1909:(1): 3–9.
1883:2024-03-31
1732:(1): 960.
1654:Census.gov
1278:References
1191:Jaywalking
1077:algorithms
1028:Walk Score
913:Cincinnati
901:pedestrian
853:See also:
808:street in
732:inner city
690:Walk Score
682:depression
576:aesthetics
568:bike lanes
471:to readers
431:typologies
414:walk score
97:Eco-cities
3241:Walkathon
3157:Strolling
3104:XiaolĂĽren
3073:Esplanade
2977:Pedometer
2972:Guide dog
2945:equipment
2832:234763005
2359:April 16,
1970:1759-5002
1923:2162-4968
1805:2044-6055
1748:1471-2458
1659:13 August
1489:159376367
1481:0042-0980
1312:144907703
1040:open data
1004:Measuring
958:606 Trail
954:High Line
877:, in 2009
560:footpaths
514:empirical
366:sidewalks
362:footpaths
82:Transport
38:Chinatown
3079:Footpath
3001:Concepts
2952:Bematist
2218:Sustrans
2132:April 6,
1978:29654256
1931:28243840
1823:27932340
1785:BMJ Open
1766:29258476
1175:Greening
1154:Footpath
1094:See also
999:schools.
956:and the
927:Buffers:
810:Sukabumi
736:suburban
715:cerebral
670:diabetes
645:Benefits
112:Greenway
28:Montreal
3120:Flâneur
3113:Leisure
2937:culture
2935:Walking
1814:5168632
1757:5735827
1451:Bibcode
1251:Walking
1063:Mapping
678:obesity
594:History
564:parking
467:may be
420:Density
376:Factors
3292:Urban
3125:Hiking
3061:Ginnel
2830:
1976:
1968:
1929:
1921:
1821:
1811:
1803:
1764:
1754:
1746:
1632:
1525:
1487:
1479:
1310:
806:Lively
754:TĹ™ebĂÄŤ
700:. The
684:, and
650:Health
570:) and
550:Major
442:census
386:Bitola
3171:Sport
3099:Stile
3056:Alley
2828:S2CID
2810:arXiv
2524:(PDF)
2517:(PDF)
2059:(PDF)
2029:UKCCC
2024:(PDF)
1679:(PDF)
1485:S2CID
1308:S2CID
1122:Alley
2787:2013
2760:2013
2733:2013
2706:2013
2679:2013
2469:1999
2361:2018
2134:2012
1974:PMID
1966:ISSN
1927:PMID
1919:ISSN
1819:PMID
1801:ISSN
1762:PMID
1744:ISSN
1661:2024
1630:ISBN
1597:2015
1523:ISBN
1477:ISSN
1363:2009
1042:and
831:smog
769:and
711:gait
704:and
537:The
2820:doi
2806:132
2640:doi
2267:Eos
2191:doi
2088:doi
2001:doi
1958:doi
1911:doi
1809:PMC
1793:doi
1752:PMC
1734:doi
1467:hdl
1459:doi
1413:doi
1300:doi
837:.
752:in
566:or
333:In
3434::
2854:,
2826:.
2818:.
2804:.
2777:.
2750:.
2723:.
2696:.
2670:.
2610:.
2492:.
2314:.
2289:.
2265:.
2240:.
2216:.
2185:,
2160:.
2125:.
2086:.
2082:.
2076:.
2052:,
2026:.
1995:.
1972:.
1964:.
1954:15
1952:.
1948:.
1925:.
1917:.
1905:.
1901:.
1817:.
1807:.
1799:.
1787:.
1783:.
1760:.
1750:.
1742:.
1730:17
1728:.
1724:.
1652:.
1616:^
1587:.
1483:.
1475:.
1465:.
1457:.
1447:57
1445:.
1441:.
1425:^
1409:14
1407:.
1371:^
1331:,
1320:^
1306:.
1294:.
1086:,
1053:,
919:.
680:,
676:,
672:,
668:,
574:,
388:,
364:,
337:,
40:,
26:,
3285:e
3278:t
3271:v
2927:e
2920:t
2913:v
2858:.
2834:.
2822::
2812::
2789:.
2762:.
2735:.
2708:.
2681:.
2642::
2614:.
2596:.
2502:.
2456:.
2442:.
2421:.
2399:.
2363:.
2324:.
2300:.
2275:.
2250:.
2226:.
2193::
2171:.
2136:.
2110:.
2096:.
2090::
2084:7
2009:.
2003::
1980:.
1960::
1933:.
1913::
1907:6
1886:.
1839:.
1825:.
1795::
1789:6
1768:.
1736::
1663:.
1638:.
1599:.
1531:.
1491:.
1469::
1461::
1453::
1419:.
1415::
1365:.
1314:.
1302::
1296:2
1035:.
964:.
502:)
496:(
491:)
487:(
483:.
322:e
315:t
308:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
