33:
265:
420:, but because of accuracy concerns it was replaced with a much larger one of 306 kilograms (675 lb), based on a liquid explosive. The idea was to create a large blast area effect amidst the enemy bomber stream, which would conceivably bring down several airplanes for each missile deployed. For daytime use the operator would detonate the warhead by remote control.
497:
from the spring of 1944 onward, together with an uncompromising use of the jet fighters as air defense interceptors, would have essentially stalled the Allied strategic bombing offensive against our industry. We would have well been able to do that – after all, we managed to manufacture 900 V-2
307:
design also included an additional set of fins located at the middle of the fuselage to provide extra maneuvering capability. Steering during the launch phase was accomplished by four graphite rudders placed in the exhaust stream of the combustion chamber, as in the V-2, but once high airspeeds had
290:
development of the V-2 rocket, sharing the same general layout and shaping. Since the missile had to fly only to the altitudes of the attacking bombers, and needed a far smaller warhead to destroy these, it could be much smaller than the V-2, about
390:. For the anti-aircraft role, the controller was mounted beside a chair on a framework that allowed the operator to tilt back to easily look at targets above him, rotating as needed to keep the target in sight.
240:
used new fuels as it was expected to be stored in ready-to-fire form for months, and the guidance system used external fins for control instead of relying entirely on the steerable rocket motor exhaust.
428:
Conceptual work began in 1941, and final specifications were defined on 2 November 1942. The first models were being tested in March 1943, but a major setback occurred in August 1943 when Dr.
647:
446:
trial launches were completed by the end of June 1944. A launch on 8 January 1945 was a failure, with the engine "fizzling" and launching the missile to only 7 km of altitude at
1408:
486:
274:
32:
1190:
544:
248:
system where the operator sat in a reclining chair so he could see the target as it passed overhead. Another significant problem was the lack of a suitable
1403:
450:
speeds. The following
February saw a successful launch which reached a supersonic speed of 770 m/s (2,800 km/h) in vertical flight. Thirty-five
1377:
393:
Night-time use was considerably more complex because neither the target nor the missile would be easily visible. For this role a new system known as
1127:
252:, which was required as there was no way for the operator to visually determine when the rocket was close to a target that was directly above it. A
784:
655:
920:
823:
957:
371:
409:
and the transponder to locate it. Once it entered the radar beam the transponder responded to the radar signals and created a strong
760:
735:
697:
244:
Among the many development problems, control of the high-speed rocket was a significant concern, leading to the development of a
1238:
925:
792:
549:
367:
189:
1248:
192:(MCLOS); operator used a radio command link to steer the missile along the optical line of sight from launch point to target
1270:
1049:
889:
974:
894:
884:
460:
602:
370:(MCLOS) system for use against daytime targets. Commands were sent to the missile using a modified version of the
1382:
1360:
1301:
1100:
969:
723:
236:
program, including the rocket itself, which was essentially a much scaled-down version of the V-2 airframe. The
1233:
1180:
1088:
152:
1134:
1069:
1034:
816:
1122:
1079:
899:
718:
433:
406:
334:
222:
43:
440:
including V-2 production. After the first successful firing (the third prototype) on 8 March 1944, three
413:
on the display. The operator then used the joystick to guide the missile so that the blips overlapped.
1346:
1044:
342:
317:
was designed to stand ready for periods of up to a month and fire on command, therefore the volatile
1253:
1243:
1139:
1093:
1029:
1296:
1218:
1149:
1117:
1105:
809:
677:
437:
1353:
1332:
947:
942:
756:
731:
727:
693:
379:
229:. Development was not completed before the end of the war and it was not used operationally.
930:
539:
456:
trial firings had been completed by the time Peenemünde was evacuated on 17 February 1945.
1306:
1228:
1159:
1144:
904:
848:
796:
689:
528:
447:
405:
guided the missile into the tracking radar beam as soon as possible after launch, using a
402:
387:
1265:
1112:
1017:
991:
962:
249:
603:"The history of post-war rockets on base German WW-II "Wasserfall" missile propulsion"
1397:
1311:
1291:
1286:
1223:
1154:
996:
986:
952:
318:
287:
245:
69:
789:
308:
been attained this was accomplished by four air rudders mounted on the rocket tail.
1339:
937:
879:
832:
713:
521:
478:
429:
349:
mixture was forced into the combustion chamber by pressurising the fuel tanks with
322:
237:
226:
53:
682:
397:
was under development. Rheinland used a radar unit for tracking the target and a
1185:
1039:
684:
The Rocket and the Reich: Peenemünde and the Coming of the
Ballistic Missile Era
556:
498:
rockets per month at a later time when resources were already much more limited.
482:
398:
363:) that could tolerate leaked hypergolic fuels in the event of a launch problem.
338:
1258:
1054:
1012:
862:
855:
779:
583:
346:
233:
219:
80:
256:-aided system was still under development and not ready for operational use.
1195:
836:
264:
1064:
1059:
979:
350:
321:
used in the V-2 was inappropriate. A new engine design, developed by Dr.
218:("Waterfall remote-controlled anti-aircraft rocket") was a German guided
801:
1024:
417:
383:
378:) radio-guidance system that used a joystick. Originally developed for
514:
503:
Albert Speer, Reich
Minister of Armaments and War Production, memoir.
485:
it could have devastated the Allied bomber fleets. Speer, Germany's
636:. New York: Arco Publishing Company, Inc. pp. 71, 81, 87, 107.
232:
The system was based on many of the technologies developed for the
263:
253:
805:
416:
The original design had called for a 100 kg (220 lb)
382:
dropped by bombers, it was used to direct both the unpowered
493:
To this day, I am convinced that substantial deployment of
172:
590:. Hamburg: Gerhard Stalling Verlag. pp. 69, 70, 77.
1370:
1324:
1279:
1211:
1204:
1168:
1078:
1005:
913:
872:
588:
The Birth of the
Missile: The Secrets of Peenemünde
469:radio guidance, crashed in Sweden on 13 June 1944.
401:in the missile for locating it in flight. A simple
196:
181:
171:
159:
148:
131:
123:
115:
107:
99:
94:
86:
75:
64:
59:
49:
39:
23:
681:
359:was to be launched from rocket bases (code-named
491:
634:German Guided Missiles of the Second World War
487:Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production
275:National Museum of the United States Air Force
817:
545:List of German guided weapons of World War II
8:
755:(in German). Propyläen Verlag. p. 375.
648:"Henschel Hs 293 joystick anti-ship missile"
554:
531:
519:
464:
451:
441:
354:
312:
302:
281:
268:
212:
1208:
824:
810:
802:
366:Guidance was to be a simple radio control
20:
785:Wasserfall German Surface to Air Missile
627:
625:
623:
438:Allied campaign against German V-weapons
1409:World War II guided missiles of Germany
570:
1378:Peenemünde Historical Technical Museum
578:
576:
574:
177:770 metres per second (1,700 mph)
7:
119:.864 metres (2 ft 10.0 in)
1404:Surface-to-air missiles of Germany
14:
214:Wasserfall Ferngelenkte FlaRakete
1050:Blockhaus d'Éperlecques (Watten)
726:. Simon & Schuster. p.
688:. New York: Free Press. p.
372:FuG 203/FuG 230 "Kehl-Straßburg"
353:gas released from another tank.
68:Flak-Versuchskommando Nord, EMW
31:
1239:Upper Atmosphere Research Panel
1191:WWII guided missiles of Germany
550:List of surface-to-air missiles
368:manual command to line of sight
190:Manual command to line of sight
103:3,700 kilograms (8,200 lb)
1249:White Sands V-2 Launching Site
652:Wehrmacht History 1935 to 1945
1:
1271:Operations Sandy and Pushover
780:EMW Wasserfall Luft '46 entry
16:German surface-to-air missile
890:Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg
632:Pocock, Rowland F. (1967).
436:bombings, the start of the
329:(vinyl isobutyl ether) and
127:235 kilograms (518 lb)
1425:
895:LXV Army Corps (Wehrmacht)
724:Winston, Richard and Clara
167:25 kilometres (16 mi)
111:7.85 metres (25.8 ft)
843:
795:26 September 2007 at the
260:Technical characteristics
143:
50:Place of origin
30:
1006:Construction and bunkers
273:rocket displayed at the
153:Liquid-propellant rocket
1135:Operation Crossbow Site
1070:Fortress of Mimoyecques
751:Speer, Albert (1969).
719:Inside the Third Reich
586:; Merk, Otto (1965) .
555:
532:
520:
506:
465:
452:
442:
432:was killed during the
407:radio direction finder
355:
335:red fuming nitric acid
313:
303:
282:
278:
269:
223:surface-to-air missile
213:
44:Surface-to-air missile
1205:Post-WWII development
1128:Bombing of Peenemünde
1055:La Coupole (Wizernes)
463:, a V-2 rocket using
267:
1035:Saint-Leu-d'Esserent
958:Army Research Center
343:dinitrogen tetroxide
1254:V-2 sounding rocket
1244:Operation Paperclip
1140:Operation Aphrodite
900:Peenemünde Airfield
678:Neufeld, Michael J.
658:on 14 December 2017
386:and rocket-boosted
286:was essentially an
1361:Operation Crossbow
1302:Operation Backfire
1219:Republic-Ford JB-2
1150:Operation Teardrop
1118:Operation Crossbow
1106:Operation Most III
975:The Bäckebo rocket
380:anti-ship missiles
279:
81:ℛ︁ℳ︁
79:7,000–10,000
60:Production history
1391:
1390:
1354:Ministry of Space
1347:Gravity's Rainbow
1333:Battle of the V-1
1320:
1319:
948:Walter Dornberger
943:Wernher von Braun
601:Brügge, Norbert.
489:, later claimed:
208:
207:
1416:
1383:Monkeys in space
1209:
1181:Aggregat rockets
1101:Polish Home Army
931:Greifswalder Oie
826:
819:
812:
803:
767:
766:
748:
742:
741:
722:. Translated by
710:
704:
703:
687:
674:
668:
667:
665:
663:
654:. Archived from
644:
638:
637:
629:
618:
617:
615:
613:
598:
592:
591:
580:
560:
540:List of missiles
535:
525:
504:
468:
455:
445:
358:
316:
311:Unlike the V-2,
306:
300:
299:
295:
285:
272:
216:
174:
35:
26:
21:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1366:
1316:
1307:Project Big Ben
1275:
1229:PGM-11 Redstone
1200:
1169:Related weapons
1164:
1160:Barrage balloon
1145:Operation Diver
1123:Operation Hydra
1082:countermeasures
1074:
1001:
909:
905:Kawanishi Baika
868:
849:V-1 flying bomb
839:
830:
797:Wayback Machine
776:
771:
770:
763:
750:
749:
745:
738:
712:
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630:
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595:
582:
581:
572:
567:
529:Henschel Hs 117
511:
505:
502:
475:
434:Operation Hydra
426:
403:analog computer
388:Henschel Hs 293
325:, was based on
297:
293:
292:
262:
201:
199:
186:
184:
164:
162:
144:
136:
134:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1234:Hermes Project
1231:
1226:
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1215:
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1206:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
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1172:
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1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1018:Mittelbau-Dora
1009:
1007:
1003:
1002:
1000:
999:
994:
992:Arthur Rudolph
989:
984:
983:
982:
977:
967:
966:
965:
963:Test Stand VII
960:
950:
945:
940:
935:
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928:
917:
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831:
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774:External links
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510:
507:
500:
474:
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461:Bäckebo rocket
425:
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301:the size. The
261:
258:
250:proximity fuse
206:
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173:Maximum speed
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95:Specifications
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76:Unit cost
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1312:Ghost rockets
1310:
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1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
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1284:
1282:
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1269:
1267:
1266:Bumper Rocket
1264:
1260:
1257:
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1251:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
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1224:MGM-1 Matador
1222:
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1210:
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1203:
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1155:Project Danny
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1124:
1121:
1120:
1119:
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1107:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1094:Double agents
1092:
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1090:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1068:
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1036:
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1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
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1010:
1008:
1004:
998:
997:Staveley Road
995:
993:
990:
988:
987:Rocket U-boat
985:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
971:
970:Test launches
968:
964:
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788:
786:
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778:
777:
773:
764:
762:3-550-06074-2
758:
754:
747:
744:
739:
737:0-684-82949-5
733:
729:
725:
721:
720:
715:
714:Speer, Albert
709:
706:
701:
699:0-02-922895-6
695:
691:
686:
685:
679:
673:
670:
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653:
649:
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579:
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571:
564:
559:
558:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:("Butterfly")
534:
533:Schmetterling
530:
527:
524:
523:
518:
516:
513:
512:
508:
499:
496:
490:
488:
484:
480:
477:According to
472:
470:
467:
462:
457:
454:
449:
444:
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435:
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423:
421:
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364:
362:
357:
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348:
344:
340:
337:(RFNA), (94%
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:liquid oxygen
315:
309:
305:
289:
288:anti-aircraft
284:
276:
271:
266:
259:
257:
255:
251:
247:
246:radio control
242:
239:
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52:
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45:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1340:633 Squadron
1338:
1331:
1175:
1089:Intelligence
938:Meillerwagen
880:Argus As 014
861:
854:
847:
790:W-10 Drawing
753:Erinnerungen
752:
746:
717:
708:
683:
672:
660:. Retrieved
656:the original
651:
642:
633:
610:. Retrieved
606:
596:
587:
522:Rheintochter
494:
492:
479:Albert Speer
476:
458:
430:Walter Thiel
427:
415:
410:
394:
392:
375:
365:
360:
330:
326:
323:Walter Thiel
310:
280:
243:
238:rocket motor
231:
227:World War II
211:
209:
65:Manufacturer
54:Nazi Germany
18:
1186:Wunderwaffe
1113:Réseau AGIR
584:Klee, Ernst
557:Wunderwaffe
483:Carl Krauch
424:Development
399:transponder
374:(code name
339:nitric acid
225:project of
161:Operational
25:Wasserfall
1398:Categories
1325:In fiction
1259:V-2 No. 13
1176:Wasserfall
1013:Mittelwerk
953:Peenemünde
921:Facilities
885:Facilities
863:V-3 cannon
856:V-2 rocket
565:References
495:Wasserfall
473:Assessment
466:Wasserfall
453:Wasserfall
443:Wasserfall
356:Wasserfall
347:hypergolic
314:Wasserfall
304:Wasserfall
283:Wasserfall
270:Wasserfall
234:V-2 rocket
220:supersonic
133:Detonation
90:March 1943
70:Peenemünde
1196:Rheinbote
1045:Siracourt
1030:Sottevast
837:V-weapons
716:(1997) .
662:7 October
607:b14643.de
395:Rheinland
139:Proximity
135:mechanism
1065:Raxwerke
1060:Lehesten
1040:Brécourt
980:MW 18014
793:Archived
680:(1995).
612:19 April
509:See also
501:—
448:subsonic
361:Vesuvius
351:nitrogen
345:). This
331:SV-Stoff
200:platform
183:Guidance
116:Diameter
87:Produced
1371:Related
1025:Nucourt
418:warhead
384:Fritz X
376:Burgund
296:⁄
124:Warhead
1080:Allied
926:Blizna
833:German
759:
734:
696:
515:Enzian
277:, 2007
198:Launch
185:system
149:Engine
108:Length
1280:Other
835:WWII
341:, 6%
327:Visol
254:radar
204:Fixed
163:range
155:motor
1297:DF-1
757:ISBN
732:ISBN
694:ISBN
664:2022
614:2020
481:and
459:The
411:blip
210:The
100:Mass
40:Type
1292:R-2
1287:R-1
1212:USA
914:V-2
873:V-1
728:492
690:235
333:or
1400::
730:.
692:.
650:.
622:^
605:.
573:^
825:e
818:t
811:v
765:.
740:.
702:.
666:.
616:.
298:4
294:1
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