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550:. When the taps are operated, the chilled water is dispensed at mains pressure. The water never comes into contact with the atmosphere as the cold temperature emitted by the refrigerant gas is transferred through the copper coil which transfers the cold temperatures to water passing through the stainless steel coil without touching each other. This allows the water to get cold more quickly again at the expense of having a lower volume of cold water available.
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retained for packaging carbonated waters. The 1980s saw the re-development of PVC bottles due to cost reduction. Advances in manufacturing and materials technology such as new blow and injection molding techniques have reduced the wall thickness and weight of bottles while improving durability and increasing
558:- A pressurized stainless steel coil and a copper coil is immersed in a reservoir full of pre-chilled water. The copper coil containing the refrigerant gas freezes the water contained within the reservoir producing a cold supply, which in turns cools the drinking water flowing through stainless steel coil.
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Newer variants of water coolers include an additional dispenser designed to fill water bottles directly on wall-mounted units. This is increasingly common in public water coolers as they have also been spotted in public places such as airports and railway stations. These bottle filling units also can
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O while preventing larger molecules such as salts, carbonates, and other micro-organisms from passing through it. If there is insufficient energy to naturally force the water through the membrane, a powerful pump is required, resulting in potential high energy costs. In addition, RO units are capable
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For many years and throughout the 20th century, glass was the main material used for bottling until the evolution of thermoplastics following World War II. PVC evolved as a multi-purpose plastic material and gained mass adoption as an ideal mass production material. Only dark green glass bottles were
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so the user does not have to wait for chilled water. Water is delivered by turning or pressing a button on a spring-loaded valve located on the top of the unit, that turns off the water when released. Some devices also offer a large button on the front or side. Newer machines may not have a button at
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Bottled water dispensers typically use 11- or 22-liter (5- or 10-gallon) dispensers commonly found on top of the unit. Pressure coolers are a subcategory of water dispensers encompassing drinking water fountains and direct-piping water dispensers. Water cooler may also refer to a primitive device for
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The delivery of water in a water cooler comes in two main forms, namely bottled variants, or plumbed directly from the main water supply. The water is normally pumped into a water tank to be heated or chilled, depending on the model of the water cooler. Modern versions include hybrid models that are
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Wall mount water coolers come in a wide variety of styles, from recessed models to splash resistant, contoured basins protruding out from the wall, traditional rounded square edge designs, bottle filler and water cooler combination units, bi-level designs, with other features and options. These are
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Heating tanks will require cleaning when normal hot water flow appears to be restricted or when noisy heating cycles can be heard during operation. Additional symptoms include water coming from the cooling tank is very warm as well as a change of taste in the water resulting from mineral build-up.
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Direct Chill - In a standard direct chill system, water is passed through a stainless steel coil that is in contact with a copper evaporator that circulates refrigerant gas. The refrigeration system is attached outside of the coil and the cold transfers through the pipe walls to chill the water in
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Removable
Reservoir - a removable reservoir is an open-end tank with cooling coils that come into contact with the external tank surface. It operates on the basis of a modular system, allowing one to easily detach and refill water instead of keeping it in a closed system. One of the advantages in
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or emerging springs. Legislation in each respective country further differentiates between these two types of water and stipulates strict naming and labeling criteria based on natural source protection, total dissolved solids, and the amount of processing the water may undergo prior to bottling.
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In activated carbon, raw materials such as lignite, coal, bone charcoal, coconut shells, and wood charcoal are used, developing pores during activation when partly burning away carbon layers. In most cases, activated carbon is a single-use material as regeneration is often not possible on-site.
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The main difference between a sanitizer and a disinfectant is that at a specific use dilution, the disinfectant must have a higher kill capability for pathogenic bacteria than that of a sanitizer. If these micro-organisms are not destroyed, the bottled water being produced may be contaminated.
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suspension test method, a sanitizer should be capable of killing 99.999% of a specific bacterial test population within 30 seconds at 25 °C (77 °F). Sanitizers may or may not necessarily destroy pathogenic or disease-causing bacteria. The sanitizer used must comply with regulations
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to catch minor spills. On the front, a lever or pushbutton dispenses the water into a cup held beneath the spigot. When the water container is empty, it is lifted off the top of the dispenser, and automatically seals to prevent any excess water still in the bottle from leaking.
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To install the bottle, the bottle is tipped upside down and set onto the dispenser; a probe punctures the cap of the bottle and allows the water to flow into the machine's internal reservoir. These gravity-powered systems have a device to dispense water in a controlled manner.
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as a result of increasing demand for carbonated beverages and also a greater awareness to healthy living, resulting in preference for carbonated water over sweetened carbonated beverages. This works with the addition of a mixer tank filled with compressed
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These machines come in different sizes and vary from table units, intended for occasional use to floor-mounted units intended for heavier use. Bottled water is normally delivered to households or businesses on a regular basis, where empty returnable
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There are also smaller versions of the water dispensers where the dispenser can be placed directly on top of a table. These dispensers are commonly classified as household appliances and can often be found in household kitchens and office pantries.
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is filled at a lower pressure within the water cooler. As such, the water does not come into contact with the atmosphere, allowing a larger amount of cold water (depending on the size of the tank) to be dispensed at the expense of a slower cooling
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using a removable reservoir is the ease of sanitization. This allows end users to replace the reservoir completely rather than sending an entire water cooler back for servicing. A similar technology can be found in many modern water dispensers and
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and stored in a hot tank (much like the traditional hot water heaters used in residential homes). Additionally, the hot tap is usually equipped with a push-in safety valve to prevent burns from an accidental or inadvertent pressing of the lever.
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unit to cool the incoming water, and to the building's waste disposal system to dispose of unused water. Wall-mounted water coolers are frequently used in commercial buildings like hospitals, schools, businesses, and other facilities where a
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New development within the water cooler market is the advent of countertop appliances which are connected to the mains and provide an instant supply of not only chilled water but also hot and boiling water. This is often visible in the
343:. Originally, these bottles were manufactured at 3,5 or 6 US gallon capacity (11.4, 18.9 or 22.7 liters) and supplied to rented water cooler units. These units usually do not have a place to dump excess water, only offering a small
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gas down to the temperature of the cooling tank. As carbonated water is dispensed, the mixer tank is automatically refilled with cold water and carbon dioxide, ensuring a continuous supply of carbonated water is readily available.
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The bottle size varies with the size of the unit, with the larger versions in the US using 5-US-gallon (19 L) bottles. This is also the most common size elsewhere, labeled as 18.9 liters in countries that use the
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Water dispensers come in a variety of form factors, ranging from wall-mounted to bottle filler water dispenser combination units, to bi-level units and other formats. They are generally broken up into two categories:
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Tabletop or kitchen worktop versions are available which utilize readily available five-liter water bottles from supermarkets. These coolers use air pumps to push the water into the cooling chamber and
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Water dispensed from water coolers may originate from many different sources, but are often classified into two major categories, namely natural mineral and spring water, and purified water.
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Water dispensers commonly have the water supply vessel mounted at the top of the unit. Bottom-load water dispensers have the vessel mounted at the bottom of the unit to make loading easier.
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Some versions also have a second dispenser that delivers room-temperature water or even heated water that can be used for tea, hot chocolate or other uses. The water in the alternate hot
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is a commonly used disinfection method to kill or inactivate micro-organisms and leaving them unable to perform vital cellular functions. Drawbacks to UV light water purifiers include
534:- The combination of a pressure vessel, which protects the water in the tank from air-borne contamination, and a direct chill system which cools water coming from the mains quickly.
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Granular activated carbon (GAC) is most commonly used in the filtration of the water cooler. Regular sanitization using hot water and steam is required to limit bacterial growth.
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with a refrigeration unit. It is commonly located near the restroom due to closer access to plumbing. A drain line is also provided from the water cooler into the sewer system.
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that arches up, allowing the user to drink directly from the top of the stream of water. These devices usually dispense water directly from the municipal water supply, without
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Purified water is water from groundwater or municipal water supply and is produced by any one of several methods of purification including reverse osmosis, distillation,
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to remove ions from the stream of water and are most commonly twin-bed or mixed-bed deionizers. It is often used in sterile manufacturing environments such as computer
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Water dispensers can be directly connected to the in-house water source for continuous dispensing of hot and cold drinking water. It is commonly referred to as POU (
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Water will flow faster when the handle is in the upright position. The water is aerated which allows the water to come through the spout at a faster rate.
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231:) water dispensers. POU units are generally more hygienic than bottled water coolers, provided the end user has access to clean water sources.
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is often used for large bottles despite shrinkage and lower washing temperature will lead to making it a more challenging material to use.
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All bottled water coolers need to be periodically cleaned to prevent mineral build-up inside the heating tank, also known as
515:- A tank where water is held, to be used for cooling or heating and is fitted with a float mechanism to prevent overflowing.
408:. Reverse osmosis works differently from chemical or ultraviolet protection, using a membrane that has fine pores, passing H
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and therefore do not need bottles due to their use of the main water supply. Usually, some method of purification is used.
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The sanitization of water is defined by the reduction of the number of micro-organisms to a safe level. According to the
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Natural mineral and spring water are waters emanating from underground geological rock formations collected from
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all; instead, a sensor that detects when someone is near and activates the water. Water is delivered in a
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water. Some living micro-organisms, including viruses, are capable of passing through an RO unit filter.
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A freestanding design generally involves bottles of water placed spout-down into the dispensing machine.
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Stainless Steel - open end tank with cooling coils that come into contact with the external tank surface
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The wall-mounted type is connected to the building's water supply for a continuous supply of water and
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81:. Bottled water dispensers can be top-mounted or bottom-loaded, depending on the design of the model.
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power rather than refrigerant gas and a compressor and have no moving parts or complex assemblies.
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73:(POU) water dispensers and bottled water dispensers. POU water dispensers are connected to a
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This article is about devices which cool water. For devices which use water to cool air, see
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Water coolers using vapor compression refrigeration come in one of the following systems:
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In the standard wall-mounted cooler, also commonly referred to as a water fountain or
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applicable in the geographic location. In the US, sanitizers are regulated by the
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Thermoelectric cooling is a green alternative to HFC refrigerant that uses a
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Most modern units offer a refrigeration function to chill the water, using
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Bottom load water dispenser revealing 5-gallon bottle, with cabinet opened
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766:. Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust. 2015-01-13. Archived from
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International
Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO)
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located inside the cooling tank. This brings the temperature of the CO
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820:(3rd ed.). Chichester, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p. 8.
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Modern variants of water coolers have been equipped with options for
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plastic bottles saved as part of an ongoing public effort to reduce
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845:(2nd ed.). Georgia, USA: The Fairmont Press. p. 187.
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943:"Coca-Cola Eyes Growth In The Sparkling Bottled Water Market"
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bottles are exchanged for full ones. In developing markets,
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sometimes installed to meet local, state or federal codes.
465:) from a designated microbial load by a 5-log reduction.
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Water
Quality and Systems: A Guide for Facility Managers
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is present to monitor its installation and maintenance.
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617:Modern variant with bottle filling functionality
816:Senior, Dorothy (2011). Dege, Nicholas (ed.).
791:Senior, Dorothy (2011). Dege, Nicholas (ed.).
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369:Directly plumbed water coolers use
223:Direct-piping water dispenser (POU)
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1802:Push-to-pull compression fittings
420:Deionizers or demineralizers use
53:(if used for cooling only), is a
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866:Yamanouchi, Kelly (2013-06-21).
278:Natural mineral and spring water
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891:Brockman, Joshua (2017-11-20).
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706:with built-in water dispenser.
308:able to utilize both methods.
57:that dispenses and often also
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49:, sometimes referred to as a
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2058:Piping and plumbing fitting
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941:Team, Trefis (2014-01-14).
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793:Technology of Bottled Water
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305:
293:
280:
272:
253:Peltier devices
237:
225:
208:
192:
135:
130:
128:Dispenser types
121:
115:
112:
91:
47:water dispenser
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2668:
2666:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2635:Drinking water
2627:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2513:organizations
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2477:Leak detection
2474:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2447:Water metering
2444:
2442:Water detector
2439:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2394:Plumber wrench
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2328:Water softener
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2158:Vacuum ejector
2155:
2153:Vacuum breaker
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1978:Faucet aerator
1975:
1973:Expansion tank
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1817:Sewage pumping
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1755:Leak detection
1752:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1699:Cast iron pipe
1696:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1647:Venturi effect
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1582:Sanitary sewer
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1527:Drinking water
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1439:Appliance plug
1435:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1391:Vacuum cleaner
1388:
1383:
1381:Television set
1378:
1373:
1371:Sewing machine
1368:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1354:Crisper drawer
1346:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1332:Microwave oven
1329:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1190:
1188:Food processor
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1148:Electric knife
1145:
1140:
1138:Electric drill
1135:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1116:Domestic robot
1113:
1112:
1111:
1109:drying cabinet
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1047:
1045:Barbecue grill
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1006:
999:
992:
984:
965:
964:External links
962:
959:
958:
933:
908:
883:
858:
851:
833:
826:
808:
801:
783:
752:
740:"Water cooler"
730:
729:
727:
724:
723:
722:
717:
712:
707:
701:
696:
691:
684:
681:
660:
657:
651:
646:
635:
632:
610:
607:
605:
602:
588:
585:
581:direct current
577:Peltier effect
564:
561:
560:
559:
553:
552:
551:
543:
529:
528:
527:
524:
505:
502:
489:
486:
484:
481:
437:
434:
409:
393:
390:
382:
379:
366:
365:Direct plumbed
363:
353:
350:
313:
310:
304:
303:Water delivery
301:
292:
291:Purified water
289:
279:
276:
271:
268:
236:
233:
224:
221:
207:
204:
191:
188:
134:
131:
129:
126:
123:
122:
103:
101:
90:
87:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2667:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:Template:HVAC
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:Plumbing code
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:and standards
2509:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2427:Control valve
2425:
2424:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2364:Drain cleaner
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2033:Hose coupling
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1933:Closet flange
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:Threaded pipe
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1734:Flare fitting
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1714:Copper tubing
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1542:Grade (slope)
1540:
1538:
1537:Friction loss
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:Kitchen stove
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1077:Clothes dryer
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1062:Bread machine
1060:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1005:
1000:
998:
993:
991:
986:
985:
982:
978:
976:
975:Water coolers
971:
963:
948:
944:
937:
934:
922:
918:
912:
909:
898:
894:
887:
884:
873:
869:
862:
859:
854:
852:0-88173-332-6
848:
844:
837:
834:
829:
823:
819:
812:
809:
804:
798:
794:
787:
784:
773:on 2019-01-17
769:
762:
756:
753:
741:
735:
732:
725:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
710:Soda fountain
708:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
686:
682:
680:
676:
674:
670:
666:
658:
656:
649:
641:
633:
631:
629:
625:
615:
609:Bottle filler
608:
603:
601:
598:
594:
586:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
562:
557:
554:
549:
544:
540:
536:
535:
533:
530:
525:
522:
517:
516:
514:
511:
510:
509:
503:
501:
499:
495:
487:
482:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
464:
463:
458:
457:
452:
448:
443:
435:
433:
429:
427:
423:
418:
416:
407:
403:
399:
391:
388:
380:
378:
376:
375:Log reduction
372:
364:
362:
360:
351:
349:
346:
342:
341:metric system
336:
334:
330:
329:polycarbonate
324:
319:
311:
309:
302:
300:
298:
290:
288:
285:
277:
275:
269:
267:
264:
262:
256:
254:
248:
241:
234:
232:
230:
222:
220:
212:
205:
203:
196:
189:
187:
183:
181:
177:
173:
168:
167:chilled water
164:
159:
157:
152:
151:refrigeration
148:
139:
132:
127:
119:
110:
106:
102:
99:
95:
94:
88:
86:
82:
80:
76:
72:
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
39:
33:
19:
2487:Pipe marking
2460:and services
2456:Professions,
2404:Strap wrench
2344:Basin wrench
2323:Water heater
2318:Water filter
2312:
2231:Flush toilet
2206:Dehumidifier
2148:Trench drain
2128:Street elbow
2118:Safety valve
2103:Relief valve
2043:Needle valve
2028:Grinder pump
1998:Flow limiter
1983:Float switch
1918:Chopper pump
1898:Booster pump
1847:Tube bending
1792:Pipe support
1657:Water hammer
1637:Thermosiphon
1567:Neutral axis
1417:
1349:Refrigerator
1295:Riding mower
1275:Kitchen hood
1099:Dehumidifier
1089:Clothes iron
1040:Air purifier
967:
950:. Retrieved
946:
936:
925:. Retrieved
923:. 2018-01-25
920:
911:
900:. Retrieved
896:
886:
875:. Retrieved
871:
861:
842:
836:
817:
811:
792:
786:
775:. Retrieved
768:the original
755:
744:. Retrieved
734:
704:Refrigerator
677:
662:
637:
620:
590:
566:
555:
531:
512:
507:
491:
471:
467:
460:
454:
439:
430:
419:
402:ion exchange
395:
381:Purification
368:
359:service life
355:
337:
325:
321:
306:
297:deionization
294:
281:
273:
270:Water source
265:
257:
249:
246:
235:Freestanding
229:point of use
226:
217:
201:
184:
160:
144:
113:
109:adding to it
104:
83:
75:water supply
71:point-of-use
67:
61:or heats up
51:water cooler
50:
46:
44:
2432:Flow sensor
2420:and control
2418:Measurement
2409:Tap and die
2384:Pipe wrench
2369:Driving cap
2261:Laundry tub
2138:Tap (valve)
2123:Sewage pump
2108:Riser clamp
2053:Pinch valve
2023:Grease trap
2018:Globe valve
2008:Flushometer
1993:Floor drain
1988:Float valve
1908:Check valve
1893:Bleed screw
1667:Water table
1607:Storm sewer
1493:Fundamental
1413:Waffle iron
1376:Slow cooker
1366:Rice cooker
1307:Leaf blower
1094:Coffeemaker
1035:Air ioniser
673:citric acid
659:Maintenance
634:Carbonation
147:electricity
18:Watercooler
2655:Dispensers
2629:Categories
2492:Pipefitter
2379:Pipecutter
2359:Core drill
2246:Humidifier
2211:Dishwasher
2173:Zone valve
2168:Water tank
2013:Gate valve
1888:Ball valve
1861:Components
1681:Technology
1652:Wastewater
1612:Stormwater
1290:Lawn mower
1245:Humidifier
1235:Hair dryer
1213:Fan heater
1128:Deep fryer
1121:comparison
1104:Dishwasher
1067:Bug zapper
952:2018-08-28
927:2018-08-28
902:2018-08-28
877:2018-08-28
777:2018-02-25
746:2015-07-20
726:References
624:single-use
548:conduction
392:Filtration
385:See also:
316:See also:
263:industry.
116:April 2023
2511:Industry
2497:Pipelayer
2354:Borescope
2349:Blowtorch
2288:Sump pump
1822:Soldering
1787:Pipe dope
1750:Hydronics
1622:Tap water
1587:Sewer gas
1552:Heat trap
1547:Greywater
1517:Corrosion
1240:Hair iron
1203:bladeless
1030:Air fryer
715:Tutedhara
573:heat pump
477:turbidity
415:softening
371:tap water
284:boreholes
180:filtering
176:treatment
149:to run a
2577:See also
2563:Scalding
2251:Icemaker
2038:Manifold
1597:Sewerage
1577:Pressure
1532:Fuel gas
1507:Backflow
1495:concepts
1486:Plumbing
1432:See also
1339:Pie iron
1250:Icemaker
1173:Epilator
921:BBC News
683:See also
671:such as
352:Material
2640:Coolers
2502:Plumber
2458:trades,
2399:Plunger
2308:Washlet
2196:Bathtub
2098:Reducer
1928:Cistern
1832:Swaging
1812:Sealant
1688:Brazing
1406:robotic
1396:central
1386:Toaster
1312:Lighter
1225:Freezer
1208:ceiling
1050:Blender
665:scaling
587:Heating
542:system.
488:Cooling
89:History
79:vendors
55:machine
2589:Piping
2298:Urinal
2266:Shower
1772:O-ring
1745:Gasket
1602:Siphon
1592:Sewage
1401:manual
1270:Juicer
1218:window
947:Forbes
849:
824:
799:
404:, and
318:Carboy
261:horeca
172:stream
2201:Bidet
2163:Valve
1807:Putty
1777:Oakum
1768:(NPS)
1762:(NPT)
1741:(GHT)
1695:(BSP)
1359:smart
1317:Mixer
1198:attic
1082:combo
1018:Types
771:(PDF)
764:(PDF)
426:chips
345:basin
63:water
59:cools
2278:Sink
2083:Pump
1672:Well
1562:Leak
1322:Oven
847:ISBN
822:ISBN
797:ISBN
459:and
449:and
442:AOAC
1193:Fan
593:tap
496:or
451:FDA
447:EPA
413:of
333:PET
178:or
111:.
2631::
945:.
919:.
895:.
870:.
645:CO
630:.
500:.
400:,
361:.
182:.
45:A
1478:e
1471:t
1464:v
1003:e
996:t
989:v
955:.
930:.
905:.
880:.
855:.
830:.
805:.
780:.
749:.
652:2
647:2
523:.
410:2
118:)
114:(
34:.
20:)
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