Windsurfing - Knowledge (XXG)

1003:) decreases, and the rider moves rearward, stepping into the footstraps for improved control. When planing, the board skims on the surface rather than displacing water as it moves. Planing can be achieved at different wind speeds depending on the rider's weight, sail and fin size, wave conditions, and rider ability. With modern equipment planing can normally be achieved at a wind speed of around 12 kn (6 m/s). The transition from displacement motion to planing requires a jump in energy, but once planing, water resistance decreases dramatically. This means that it is possible to continue to plane, although the wind has dropped below a level that would be required to transition to plane. A board in plane can be much smaller than a board moving by displacement (thereby gaining an advantage in gear weight and board control). Lateral resistance to the wind is provided by the fin alone (generating more lift at higher speeds) and a centreboard is no longer used (smaller boards do not have one). A fin generates lift, transferring a strong load to the board, and so is usually constructed of carbon fiber for accurate shape and strength. A low-pressure area develops on the windward side of the fin, which can lead to 389:

or including Drake. Schweitzer concealed from Drake the somewhat large profits he was beginning to make from selling the boards Drake had invented. Observers close to the situation believe it was always Schweitzer's plan to keep Drake uniformed of the large profit potential long enough to misrepresent and under value the real worth of the patent so that Schweitzer could buy out Drake's half of the patent for as little as possible. When Drake later discovered Schweitzer's unethical and dishonest actions he was deeply confused and angered. Drake, who trusted Schweitzer and his family, was shocked that his friend would deceive him in this unkind way. Drake originally was not interested in forfeiting his half of the patent. However, Schweitzer and his attorneys would continue for 5 years to aggressively pressure Drake to sell his half of the patent to Windsurfing International in order for Schweitzer to secure a lucrative monopoly on all future royalties.

720:. Wave boards usually have a volume between 65 and 105 liters, with a length between 215 and 235 centimeters, and 50 to 60 centimeters in width. A general rule is for a sailor to use a wave board whose volume in liters is about the same as the sailor's weight in kilograms – more volume providing additional flotation for sailing in light winds, and less for high winds, where less volume is needed to achieve planing. In recent years, the average width of wave boards has increased slightly, as the length has shrunk, while the range of volume has been maintained the same more or less—according to board designers this makes wave boards easier to use under a wider range of conditions by sailors of differing abilities. The most common sizes of sails used with wave boards are in the range of 3.4 to 6.0 square meters, depending on the wind speed and the weight of the sailor. 299: 228: 262:, one of Drake's family friends, a businessman named Hoyle Schweitzer, became interested in marketing Drake's new invention. As a businessman, Schweitzer imagined the profit potential and encouraged Drake to build a functional prototype for product testing. Later, when Drake's prototype worked, he helped Drake to patent the idea. From the outset, the two men were motivated by different forces. Drake conceptualized, engineered, built and tested the first windsurfer. Schweitzer, while not directly involved in the invention, helped by organizing the business details of patenting, marketing and selling Drake's new craft. As a partnership, Drake came up with the original concept and Schweitzer marketed and sold it. Both men's names appear on the patent. 710:: Related to wave boards in terms of maneuverability, these are wider, higher volume boards geared specifically at performing acrobatic tricks (jumps, rotations, slides, flips and loops) on flat water. Usually 80 to 110 liters in volume, and about 203 to 230 centimeters in length, with widths frequently in excess of 60 centimeters. Freestyle boards began to diverge more noticeably in design from wave boards in the early part of the 2000 decade, as aerial tricks (the Vulcan, Spock, Grubby, Flaka, and related New School maneuvers, almost all involving a jump-and-spin component) became the predominant part of the freestyle repertoire, superseding Old School moves, in which the board did not leave contact with the water. 1258:) competitions in various locations around the world known for conditions suitable for good speeds. The events are made up of heats sailed on a 500m course. The average of each sailor's best 2 speeds on the 500m course, which is typically open for 2 hours per heat, is their speed for that heat. As such it is possible for the sailor with the outright fastest time not to win the heat if his second best time pulls his average down. Points are given for the placings in the heats and the overall event winner is the sailor with the best point score (again not necessarily the fastest sailor). Likewise points are given for places in the events and at the last event a World Speedsurfing Champion is crowned. 279:. He then crafted nearly all of the windsurfer prototype components by hand in his Santa Monica, California home garage in January 1967. He built the wishbone boom, daggerboard and mast foot from laminated strips of teak wood. He custom designed and built a wood press jig for shaping the curve into the wishbone boom. The universal joint was built by reconfiguring a commercially available sailboat swivel joint constructed from heavy duty marine stainless steel with additional teflon components. Drake engineered the custom sail, which was made from Dacron sail cloth and cut and sewn by sail maker Bob Broussard into a triangular 211:. This is a much less efficient and less dynamic sailing position and opposite of how a modern windsurfer is operated. Darby's article stated that "you can learn to master a type of maneuvering that's been dead since the age of the picturesque square riggers". He began selling his sailboards in 1964. The main focus of his company, Darby Industries, was to sell plans such that any school-age child could build one for under $ 50. Rather than building personal wealth, his focus was to introduce youth to the sport of sailing in even very shallow water. A promotional article by Darby was published in the August 1965 edition of 2516:(FRA): Photographer, and windsurfing adventurer. Best known for his open-ocean windsurfing exploits, and numerous long distance crossings in conflict areas. Lost at sea in November 1984 in the Taiwan Strait. He created the first speedsailing event in 1981, a 40 km race in Maui. 80 competitors participated in the first event, Arnaud de Rosnay finishing second behind Robby Naish. He is also credited with the invention of Kite surfing (1980) and land sailing (Speedsail 1977), even crossing a distance of 1380 km in the Sahara in 1979. 239: 20: 492:; the court upheld the defendant's claim that the Schweitzer patent was invalid, based on film footage of Chilvers. Schweitzer then sued the company in Canada, where the opposition team again financially backed by Bic included Chilvers and Jim Drake, and Schweitzer lost again. After the cases, no longer obliged to pay Windsurfing International any royalty payments, the now renamed Bic Sport became one of the world's larger producers of windsurfing equipment, with an annual production of 15,000 boards. 916:

involves the development of reflexes and "muscle memory" similar to the process of learning to ride a bicycle. These skills are typically and optimally done on large, buoyant boards in light winds on flat water. Depending on wind conditions and the skill or intentions of the rider, at some point the sailboard will begin planing, resulting in a rapid increase in speed. This higher speed requires the learning of new skills as the apparent wind changes and the board becomes steerable like a surfboard.

123: 2590:(USA): first to put a windsurfing sail on a surfboard and sail the famed Hookipa beach on Maui in 1979. This shifted the entire sport from the original 370 cm (12 ft) long boards to the shorter boards ridden today. Mike also hosted Maui's first professional wave sailing and slalom event in 1981, which became the foundation of the windsurfing world tour, and Maui became the mecca for the sport both as a design center and a training ground for professionals. 978:), makes sure the mast foot is placed between his/her two feet, pulls the sail about one third out of the water, lets the wind turn the sail-board combination until he/she has the wind right in the back, pulls the sail all the way out, places the "mast hand" (hand closest to the mast) on the boom, pulls the mast over the center line of the board, places the "sail hand" (hand furthest from the mast) on the boom, then pulling on it to close the sail and power it. 345: 525:(also part reported in 3 IPR 449 or 2 NSWLR 196), which attributed the first legally accepted use of a split boom to an Australian boy, Richard Eastaugh. Between the ages of ten and thirteen, from 1946 to 1949, aided by his younger brothers, he built around 20 galvanized iron canoes and hill trolleys which he equipped with sails with split bamboo booms. He sailed these in a sitting position and not as a windsurfer standing up, near his home on the 381:

for them at that time. Drake and his wife Wendy, along with Schweitzer and his wife Diane worked closely together in their spare time to create a marketable framework for the new sport. Drake and Schweitzer collaborated informally as friends rather than legally bound business partners, as no formal business partnership was ever signed between them. Unexpectedly, Drake was temporarily relocated 2000 miles away to design innovative rocket planes at

2488:(ESP): the successor to Naish, he dominated international professional competition from the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s. Twelve-time PWA Overall World Champion in a row. He won the Professional Windsurfers Association (PWA) World Championships for Slalom, Wave, Course Racing and Overall, a record forty one times in total. He is credited in the Guinness Book of World Records as the most successful athlete of all time with 42 World Titles. 987: 641:: Boards meant for comfortable recreational cruising (mostly straight-line sailing and occasional turning) at planing speed (aka blasting), mainly in flat waters or in light to moderate swell. They typically fall into the volume range of 90 to 170 liters. The so-called freeride sailing movement diverged from course racing as more recreational sailors chose to sail freely without being constrained to sailing on courses around buoys. 2915: 184:. Darby filed for a patent but lacked the funds to resubmit. However, he is widely recognized as its inventor as well as the first to conceive, design, and build a sailboard with a universal joint. In his own words, Darby experimented throughout much of the 1950s and 1960s and it was not until 1963 that an improved sailboard with a conventional stayed sloop rig sail arrangement made it more stable than the one built in 1948. 8280: 326:, mast foot, triangular sail and fin. Interestingly, because Drake always envisioned in his mind the sailor standing on the board with the sail in their hands, he originally forgot to include a rope, now called an uphaul, which allows the sailor to pull the sail from the water. His first day on the water was made more difficult without this essential item, but by the second day he had invented that part as well. 266:

who brought windsurfing to the masses" based on his efforts to promote the Windsurfer brand's popularity. It was a brief but productive collaboration between a talented engineer and a motivated businessman that together created the modern sport of windsurfing. Drake has stated in various interviews that he recognizes Darby and Chilvers as early sailboard pioneers and sees himself as the sports "re-inventor".

1091:, fins and sails. The equipment is specifically selected to allow racing in a wide range of sailing conditions. The former Mistral Olympic class was better for youth, women and light weight men. Many women changed classes of Olympic Sailing when the gear was changed from Mistral to RSX. The next class was favoured by middle weight and heavy weight men with the shift to a significantly larger sail size. The 1040:) by positioning the mast perpendicular to the wind, lifting the luff out of the water to allow the wind to catch the sail, and then having the sail pull the sailor onto the board. As the sail becomes powered, it is then trimmed to bring the rider, board, and sail back onto a plane. Occasionally a rider may be unable to waterstart if the wind has dropped. If this happens the rider can wait for a gust and " 2534:(USA): Moved to Maui in 1980, and pioneered several windsurfing maneuvers. He was the first to perform an aerial loop, which was considered impossible by many. The maneuver opened the door to a variety of aerial loop variations, including the push loop and double rotations. While innovation was his main focus, Boyd did defeat World champion, Ken Winner several times at International competitions. 283:. The custom board Drake engineered required a greater amount of displacement volume for floatation than was found in a traditional surfboard so an extra large custom built foam blank was constructed by Gordon "Grubby" Clark of Clark foam and shaped by Jim Drake and Gary Seaman at the Con Surfboard factory in Santa Monica, California. A repurposed hollow fiberglass mast was taken from a small " 679: 2727:(GBR): One of the top female windsurfers in the 1980s. She was also No 1 British Champion for 10yrs and was the first Briton to obtain and overall World Title. Clare won numerous events around the World until finally settling in Hawaii. She was one of the first women who did forward loops, push loops and was the first person to do a double back loop at Ho'okipa,Maui, Hawaii. 393: 2664:(MOR): 1st PWA event Hawaii Pro wave 2004, 2014 1st AWT Pro Fleet - Starboard Severne Aloha Classic, 9th PWA Starboard Severne Aloha Classic, 2010 ranked 20th overall PWA Wave, 2009 8th Cabo Verde Wave, 2008 ranked 19th overall PWA Wave, 2007 ranked 14th Wave, came 5th in Guincho. 1st Aloha Classic 2014, 2nd IWT Wave Overall Pro Men 2015, 1st IWT Wave Overall Pro Men 2016. 577:

capable of planing at wind speeds as low as 12 kn (6 m/s) if rigged with an adequate, well-tuned sail in the six to eight square meter range. The pursuit of planing in lower winds has driven the popularity of wider and shorter boards, with which planing is possible in wind as low as 8 kn (4 m/s), if sails in the 10 to 12 square meter range are used.

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foot faces. It breaks only in the winter months from late October to March. Other famous big wave locations include Nazaré in Portugal. Famous contemporary big wave riders include Kai Lenny, Marcilio Browne, Robby Swift, Sarah Hauser, Jason Polakow, and Robby Naish. The inaugural Big Wave Challenge annojunced the first ever winners in this category on April 10, 2020.

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boards, slalom boards, fun boards and race boards. The Summer of 1992 the Olympic Mistral One Design was selected as versatile for youth, women and men. This gear was particularly ideal for a broad wind range from five knots to thirty-five knots of wind. Olympic Windsurfing involves 'One Design' boards, each sailor windsurfing with the identical board design,

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minimum in place. Formula boards are used on "flat water" as opposed to coastal surf, but racing is still held in windy conditions involving swell and chop. In 2008, a Formula Windsurfing Grand-Prix World Tour began, with events in Europe and South America complementing the single-event World Championships as a professional tour for the Formula class.

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tricks on both tacks (port and starboard), and perform the tricks fully planing score higher marks. High scoring moves include Shifty (Shaka Pushloop), Double Air-Culo, Air-Kabikuchi, Air-Skopu and double Power-Moves, for example Air-Funnel Burner and Double Culo. The latest freestyle windsurfing is well documented and gets constantly updated on

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with windsurfing. Many windsurfing schools closed, or switched to teaching kite boarding and currently teach mostly wing foiling. After some lean years in the 2000s, the sport has seen a steady revival, first through the explosion of foiling., and more recently with global consolidation, restructuring, and an exciting new unified World Tour.

46:. It is also referred to as "sailboarding" and "boardsailing", and emerged in the late 1960s from the Californian aerospace and surf culture. Windsurfing gained a popular following across Europe and North America by the late 1970s and had achieved significant global popularity by the 1980s. Windsurfing became an Olympic sport in 1984. 2480:(USA): one of the first windsurfing champions to gain international fame, he dominated the early years of competition in the 1970s and 1980s. World Champion from 1976 to 1979, Overall World Champion from 1983 to 1987, and Wave World Champion in 1988, 1989, and 1991. IWT BIG WAVE All-Time BIGGEST WAVE RIDER Champion 2020 (photo) 1116:

steady constant of the one design is fun for recreation, the introduction to competition that allows intermediate windsurfers to race on the same gear design as the best athletes from the Olympic Class. These one design classes are the most social of all racing classes. The most popular one design classes are: the original

484:, British courts recognized the prior art of Peter Chilvers. It did not incorporate the curved wishbone booms of the modern windsurfer, but rather a "straight boom" that became curved in use. The courts found that the Schweitzer windsurfer boom was "merely an obvious extension". This court case set a precedent for 1147: 698:: In the past, the key feature of slalom boards was merely speed, but it has been proven that maneuverability and ease of use are as important as speed in order to get you around the slalom course faster, and therefore modern slalom boards are shortboards aimed at top speed, maneuverability and ease of use. 932:

Windsurfing is suitable for children as young as 5, with several board and sail brands producing "Kids Rigs" to accommodate these short and light weight windsurfers. In some countries, organisations exist to provide entry into the sport in a semi-formal or club-style environment (i.e. The RYA's Team

822:) down. Releasing downhaul tension shifts the center of effort up. More outhaul lowers the camber/draft, making the sail flatter and easier to control, but less powerful; less outhaul results in more draft, providing more low-end power, but usually limiting speed by increasing aerodynamic resistance. 410:

racing class, which was influenced by the desire to provide a fleet of racers with a uniformly constructed "boat," so that rider skill, rather than equipment choice, would determine competitive results. The first Windsurfer Class World Championship regatta took place in San Diego, California in 1973.

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While Drake was away for two years immersed in engineering work on the other side of the country, Schweitzer began manufacturing and selling Windsurfers, as well as incorporating the company Windsurfing International and collected licensing fees on over 100,000 boards in Europe without ever informing

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Jim Drake and Hoyle Schweitzer together started the sport's first company, Windsurfing International, in late 1968 out of Drake's Santa Monica, California home. Both men were employed full time outside of their startup windsurfing business and so windsurfing was little more than an experimental hobby

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During the 1980s a global community consisting of equipment designers, manufacturers, athletes, travel professionals and journalists worked together to propel windsurfing forward. Innovation allowed for the development of high quality lighter and stiffer planing short boards, introducing foot straps,

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At the most extreme end of the sport is big wave riding which means riders on waves faces over 30 feet high. The most popular place for this is on the north shore of Maui at place called Pe'ahi to the local Hawaiians, and known as JAWS to the rest of the world. The biggest waves here can be up to 60

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Wave jumping involves stunts of varying levels of difficulty which are performed after the rider has jumped from the peak of an unbroken wave. These are commonly referred to as aerial moves and include both forward rotation and backward rotations. The rider and his equipment rotate, doing single and

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The most famous wave riding locations on earth include: Ho'okipa on the north shore of Maui, Diamond Head on Oahu, Klitmøller in Denmark, Pozo and Tenerife in the Canary Islands, Cabo Verde off the north west coast of Africa, Moulay in Morocco, Margaret River in Western Australia, Pacasmayo in Peru,

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This discipline is a cross between freestyle and slalom. Competitors race on a short downwind slalom course, must duck jibe on all turns, and are required to perform several tricks along the way. Competitors are required to wear protective equipment. The Super X discipline was short lived and is now

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Raceboards are longer windsurf boards with a daggerboard and movable mast rail allowing the sailor to be efficient on all points of sail. Excellent upwind ability is combined with good reaching and even downwind ability typically sailed in an Olympic triangle course. Whilst in decline in manufacture

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making a toe-side turn. Pressure is released from the sail as the board turns downwind, allowing for the sail to be jibed. Tacking is turning around going upwind, and at higher speed has become an advanced maneuver, requiring quick movements and good balance. A heel-side turn while planing (called a

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is mainly achieved by changing the center of lateral resistance located along the daggerboard or fin through rotating the sail either fore and aft. Unlike fixed mast sail a boat, windsurfing is rudderless and uses the universal joint to allow steering the board with the sail alone. Jibing is done at

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The size of the sail is measured in square meters and can be from 3 m to 5.5 m for wave sails and 6 m to 15 m for race sails, with ranges for freestyle and freeride sails spanning somewhere between these extremes. Learning sails for children can be as small as 0.7 m and race

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The disciplines of windsurfing (wave, freestyle, freeride) require different sails. Wave sails are reinforced to survive the surf, and are nearly flat when depowered to allow riding waves. Freestyle sails are also flat when depowered, and have high low-end power to allow quick acceleration. Freeride

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While windsurfing is possible under a wide range of wind conditions, most intermediate and advanced recreational windsurfers prefer to sail in conditions that allow for consistent planing with multi-purpose, not overly specialized, free-ride equipment. Larger (100 to 140 liters) free-ride boards are

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and fellow aeronautical engineer Fred Payne conceived and designed a sail powered surfboard in 1962. Their version differed from Darby's in many significant ways. The sailor stood upright on a large surfboard while holding directly onto the windward side of a small triangular sail. Originally, they

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The radical growth curve had to level out eventually and Windsurfing's retail momentum plateaued with the arrival of newer action sports in 90's. Closely related action sports such as mountain biking, snowboarding, stand up paddle boarding (SUP) and kite boarding all directly competed for popularity

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Competitors compete to see who can record the highest jump or maneuver. A 3D accelerometer is worn to measure and record heights of the jumps. Xensr is a manufacturer of 3D accelerometers and promoter of the Big Air competition. It is a popular discipline on the Columbia River near the town of Hood

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Wave riding is a form of surfing with the extra speed and power afforded by the sail. It is strongly connected to its roots in surfing in style and culture. It involves the rider performing a series of bottom turns, top turns, and cutbacks whilst riding an unbroken wave back to the shore. Top wave

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Indoor windsurfing competitions are held, especially in Europe, during winter. Powerful fans lined up along the side of a large pool, propel the windsurfers. Indoor competition disciplines include slalom style races and ramp jumping competitions. It is extremely dangerous because the pool is barely

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These offer hugely popular class racing around the world thanks to relatively low cost, the same gear design is competitive for many years with no class changes. The pro gear in contrast has rapid design change as often as every six months, only with sponsorship is constant upgrading practical. The

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The first three classes were: Windglider(demo), Division II(men only), Lechner A-390 (Women Class & Men’s Class) and the Mistral One Design Class. The Mistral had a world wide organization with Mistral Schools to learn windsurfing. This manufacturer had a range of boards from short boards, wave

624:. Racing and wave boards are usually very light (5 to 7 kg), and are made out of carbon sandwich. Such boards are very stiff, and veneer is sometimes used to make them more shock-resistant. Boards aimed at the beginners are heavier (8 to 15 kg) and more robust, containing more fiberglass. 556:

Windsurfing International briefly claimed trademark rights with respect to the word "windsurfer". While this was registered in the United States for some years, it was not accepted for registration in many jurisdictions as the word was considered too descriptive. Registration was ultimately lost in

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Drake is known historically as one of the world's top aeronautical engineers. He was also an expert craftsman in his spare time. He combined both skills to conceive and build the world's first windsurfer prototype. First, he carefully engineered a mathematical simulation of his concept based on the

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was educated and trained as an aeronautical engineer at Stanford University. He spent his early years surfing, sailing and skiing. He conceived windsurfing to combine the simplicity of skiing with the pleasures of sailing. Drake is known historically as "The Father of Windsurfing." Drake's patented

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double rotations and jumps where the sailor contorts his or her body and equipment. Recent innovations have included combining moves whilst airborne and, for the first time in 2008, one professional sailor, Ricardo Campello, has made attempts at a triple forward loop during a 2008 PWA competition.

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held at Ho'okipa Beach Park on the north shore of Maui, takes place each year in late October and early November for the best wind and wave conditions and it is common to have 15–20 foot wave faces during the contest. Since 2011 the event has been run by the International Windsurfing Tour (IWT) as

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A typical wave contest will score two jumps going out and two wave rides coming in. A high scoring heat would consist of a double clean forward rotating jump, a high one foot backward rotating jump, a long wave ride with flowing bottom turns, radical top turns, a series of aerials and a 360 aerial

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Years later, in 2002, when the Professional Windsurfing Association (PWA) inducted both Drake and Schweitzer into the Windsurfing Hall of Fame, they called Drake "The Father of Windsurfing" for his role as inventor and egalitarian figure head throughout his lifetime, and called Schweitzer "the man

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World Champion Jessica Crisp has had arguably the worst injury in the history of the indoor events when, during a warm up session jumping the ramp, she snapped her leg and had to have emergency surgery in a French hospital. This was at the height of her professional career and fame across Europe.

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Large sails in combination with the 'wide-style' design allow planing in very low wind conditions as well as control and usability in high winds and bigger sea conditions. Non-planing sailing is very difficult with this design and racing is only conducted with a strict 7 kn (4 m/s) wind

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The Olympic Games from 1896 did not include any women specific class of sailing until 1988. The Boardsailing Class officially began the year of 1988 with only a Men’s Olympic Lechner Boardsailing Class. The Barcelona Games of 1992 was significant to the history of Women in Sport, when the Olympic

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Windsurfing's popularity saw explosive growth in the 1970s and 1980s. Initially in Europe, then in North America. The sport began to take off in popularity around 1972 and by the end of the 1970s it was the fastest growing sport in the world. Originally, all windsurfing boards were "long boards".

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of maximum length 70 cm and carry sails up to 12.5 m. Class rules allow sailors to choose boards produced by multiple manufacturers, as long as they are certified as Formula boards and registered with ISAF, and use fins and sails of different sizes. With the sail, fin and board choices, the

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The sail is tuned by adjusting the downhaul and the outhaul tension. Generally, a sail is trimmed more (flatter shape) for stronger winds. More downhaul tension loosens the upper part of the leech, allowing the top of the sail to twist and "spill" wind during gusts, shifting the center of effort

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Returning to Marina del Rey one week later, this time with the skeg and uphaul, Drake succeeded at sailing the board the way he designed it to be used. With his confidence buoyed from multiple days of practice in the protected bay, Drake next took his sailboard onto the open ocean at Will Rogers

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Freestyle is a timed event which is judged. The competitor who has the greatest repertoire, or manages to complete most stunts, wins. Freestyle is about show and competitors are judged on their creativity. Both the difficulty and the number of tricks make up the final score. Sailors who perform

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With the advent of cheap and small GPS units and the website www.gps-speedsurfing.com, Speedsurfers have been able to organise impromptu competitions amongst themselves as well as more formal competitions such as the European Speed Meetings and Speedweeks/fortnights in Australia. With over 5000

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A sailboard is powered and controlled by the coordinated movements of the sail about its uni-joint and of the sailor around the board. This is achieved by balancing the weight of the sailor against the wind pressure in the sail, while adjusting both factors relative to the board. Learning this

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To gather the needed materials, Drake carefully instructed Schweitzer what raw materials to purchase such as an extra large foam blank to build the board and a hollow fiberglass mast for the sail. Drake completed construction of the prototype in his own garage during his spare time within a few

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The most famous storm riding event is known as The Red Bull Storm Chase. It occurs only when there is a massive storm forecast with winds over 60 knots and giant waves over 20 feet. It is an invitational event and is extremely dangerous. The most recent winner was West Australian Jaeger Stone.

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Eventually US courts recognized the Schweitzer windsurfer as an obvious step from Darby's prior art. Schweitzer had to reapply for a patent under severely limited terms, and finally it expired in 1987. Shortly thereafter, having lost its license royalty income, Windsurfing International ceased

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charges, which its competitors were forced to pay, were so high that many observers felt it needlessly limited the growth of the sport. Mr. Schweitzer claimed this was to promote his brand and the Windsurfer One Design racing class, but most believed it was so he could maximize his own profits.

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Through the seventies, and early eighties windsurfing was the fastest growing sport on earth. Schweitzer aggressively protected his patent around the world through Sub-licensing the rights to anyone who wanted to manufacture and sell sailboards. Windsurfing International's usurious royalty fee

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Drake's question came down to simple operation of how a standing person could control both the power of the sail as well as the direction of the craft without a rudder. Drake discovered that one's ability to rotate the sail's position relative to the board could allow control of both power and

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Modern windsurfing, as a sport and recreational activity, did not emerge until the latter half of the 20th century. The earliest version of a sailboard design utilizing a freely articulating sail on top of a board was created in 1962 by American Newman Darby. Independently, engineer Jim Drake

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At the same time, Schweitzer also sought to defend his patent rights vigorously against unauthorized manufacturers. This led to a host of predating windsurfer-like devices being presented to courts around the world by companies disputing Windsurfing International's rights to the invention.

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By the late 1980s the sport was massive and in the midst of a full-blown marketing and legal battle between the original market in the US, and the exploding European markets. This epic legal battle laid the ground for a still running rivalry between the European and American hemispheres.

716:: Smaller, lighter, more maneuverable boards for use in breaking waves. Characteristically, sailors on wave boards perform high jumps while sailing against waves, and they ride the face of a wave performing narrow linked turns (bottom turns, cutbacks, and top-turns) in a similar way to 2510:(SWE). Division 2 Heavyweight Champion 1984, Funboard World Champion 1985, Professional windsurfer PBA/PWA 1985 at Sylt. PBA Slalom Champion 1987, PBA Courseracing Champion 1988, Speed World Cup Champion 2009. First man over 50 knots in official timing over 500 metres in Lüderitz 2012. 1345:"In 1990 indoor windsurfing was born with the Palais Omnisports de Paris – Bercy making its spectacular debut. It was during this first indoor event that Britain's Nik Baker, from the south coast, flourished and went on to add a whopping x6 Indoor World Championships to his name". 790:

side when powered, but are nearly flat when sheeted out (unpowered). In comparison with cambered sails, rotational designs offer less power and stability when sailing straight, but are easier to handle when maneuvering. Rotational sails are usually lighter and easier to rig.

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equipment is able to be tailored to suit sailors of all body shapes and formula windsurfing presents one of the fastest course-racing sailing craft on the water. Formula Windsurfing is popular in many locations around the globe with predominantly light winds and flat water.

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the Grand Final of the IWT Wave Tour. The IWT is the Hawaiian-based organisation for the wave riders of the Asia Pacific hemisphere. The Aloha Classic has often been the final event of the Professional Windsurfers Association (PWA) crowning the PWA Wave World Champions.

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shape for faster speed and stability, but at the cost of maneuverability and how light the sail feels. The trend is that racier sails have camber inducers while wave sails and most recreational sails do not. The rigidity of the sail is also determined by a number of

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In planing conditions a harness is typically worn to more efficiently use the rider's weight to counter the force in the sail. As the wind increases, the rider continues to sheet the sail, the fin generates more lift, and the board gains speed, transitioning onto a

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on the south coast of England, assembled his first board combined with a sail, in 1958. This board used a universal joint, one of the key parts of the Windsurfing International's patent. They also found stories published about the 1948 invention of the sailboard by

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who have been riding the wind and waves for centuries. Early accounts suggest island peoples were undertaking day trips over oceans standing upright on a solid board with a vertical sail. In the early 19th century, people in logging communities around western

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manoeuvre on the face of the waves such as a 'goiter', 'taka', wave 360, planing forward or clean flowing back-loop. Depending on the conditions at the location, some competitions will focus more on jumping while others focus more on the wave-riding aspects.

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Olympic Sailing included Olympic Boardsailing as a demonstration Sport, this test event was sailed on the Windglider fun board at the Olympic Games of 1984. Olympic Boardsailing was given full Sport status with the Lechner at the 1988 Olympic Games.

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in flight terminology). Ideal planing conditions for most recreational riders is 15–25 kn (7.7–13 m/s) of wind, but experts can windsurf in much windier conditions. Planing is considered one of the most exhilarating aspects of the sport.

495:

There is no evidence that Schweitzer or Drake had knowledge of any prior inventions similar to theirs. Drake accepted in retrospect that, although he can be credited with the invention, he was "probably no better than third," behind mid-west based

64:

Windsurfing is a recreational, family friendly sport, most popular at flat water locations around the world that offer safety and accessibility for beginner and intermediate participants. Technique and equipment have evolved over the years.

105:

harnesses and more stable sails. These innovations further expanded the sport by making it faster, more radical and more exciting for the top end, and significantly more accessible at the entry level with lighter easier equipment.

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The World Cup Wavesailing competitions crown the professional world champions each year. One of the most prestigious events in the windsurfing world is called The Aloha Classic at Ho'okipa Beach on the north shore of Maui, Hawaii.

2391:. For novice windsurfers, low-wind freestyle tricks are an appropriate start, such as sailing backwards with the fin out of the water, or transitioning from a sailing stance to sitting on the board while continuing to sail. 101:

This type of board went relatively slower through the water, but worked well in low wind conditions. Light air, long board windsurfing was enjoyed by a wide range of participants including families with young children.

1019:

full speed (a so-called "carve jibe", "power jibe" or "planing jibe"), whereby the rider turns downwind by leaning the sail forward, sheeting and applying pressure to the inside rail. Leaning into the turn much like a

3144: 814:. Most shape is given to the sail by applying a very strong downhaul, which by design bends the mast. The outhaul tension is relatively weak, mostly providing leverage for controlling the sail's angle of attack. 68:

Major competitive disciplines on unified World Tour include Slalom, Wave and Freestyle. Increasingly, new technology "foiling" with hight speed foil racing is replacing traditional 'fin' racing events and the

357:, when Bert Salisbury stopped his car to have a look, and commented: "Gee I have the perfect name for it! Windsurfing!" The name was soon changed to Windsurfer, sold by the company Windsurfing International. 785:

which protrude beyond the back aspect of the mast. They flip or "rotate" to the other side of the mast when tacking or jibing, hence the rotation in the name. Rotational sails have an aerofoil shape on the

967:

is achieved by moving the rig either forward (turning away from the wind) or aft (turning towards the wind). When jibing, the clew of the sail is let around and allowed to rotate out and around the mast.

352:

Originally Drake and Schweitzer wanted to name their new sailboard concept "Skate" (SK8), however changed the name to "Baja Board" in early 1968. Schweitzer was marketing a prototype of the Baja Board in

2494:(FRA): 22 times World Champion in various disciplines: Formula windsurfing, Super X, Freestyle, Slalom, Race, Speed, Overall. Holder of the windsurf speed record 53.27 knots, on the 5th of November 2015. 1369:

Wave sailing took off during the rapid development of windsurfing on the Hawaiian islands of Oahu and Maui. It can be seen as comprising two distinct (but related) parts, wave riding and wave jumping.

434:

The sport underwent very rapid growth however, particularly in Europe after the sale of a sub-license sold to Ten Cate Sports in the Netherlands. In 1975 Ten Cate Sports sold 45,000 boards in Europe.

2785:(ESP): PWA Wave World Champion, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013. Freestyle World Champion 2003–2006. The Most dominant female athlete in the history of wavesailing. 372:. Despite forty years of subsequent development, the design is still remarkably similar to today's windsurfing equipment, and the word "windsurfer" has become synonymous with the sport itself. 924:

Learning is a strenuous activity with many falls into the water, climbs back onto the board and repeating. The time taken to reach the point of significant enjoyment varies greatly.

2670:(GDE): IWT BIG WAVE All-Time BIGGEST WAVE RIDER Champion 2020 (video), 2 x Aloha Classic Champion 2011 and 2018. 3 time AWT overall Pro Men Wavesailing champion 2012, 2013 and 2015. 826:

sails are all-rounders that are comfortable to use and are meant for recreational windsurfing. Race sails provide speed at the expense of qualities like comfort or maneuverability.

2351:

sailors are able to incorporate aerial moves into their wave riding and will use overhanging wave lips to launch themselves out in front of the wave in spectacular giant aerials.

203:" or "kite rigged" and was subject to the associated limitations. Unlike the modern windsurfer design, Darby's sailboard was operated "back winded", with the sailor's back to the 2524:(FRA): Airline pilot for Air France. He was the first person to windsurf across the Atlantic Ocean in 1981, from Dakar, Senegal to Kourou, French Guiana. He was later captain of 97:

invention was marketed and sold under the brand name "Windsurfer" for over 20 years by a company he cofounded with businessman Hoyle Schweitzer called Windsurfing International.

1161:

has developed over the last 15 years in order to facilitate high-performance competition in light and moderate winds. Formula is now a class of windsurfing boards controlled by

427:

On March 27, 1968, Jim Drake, an aeronautical engineer, and Hoyle Schweitzer, a businessman filed the very first windsurfing patent, which was granted by the USPTO in 1970.

1222:

Slalom boards are small and narrow, and require high winds. Funboard class racing rules require winds of 9–35 kn (4.6–18 m/s) for the slalom event to take place.

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15 scheme). Robert (Robby) Naish took up the fledgling sport of windsurfing at the age of 11, and in 1976 won his first overall World Championship title at the age of 13.

7582: 1230:

There are 3 major Ocean Slalom Marathons in the world: The Defi-Wind in France, The Lancelin Ocean Classic in Western Australia, and the Hatteras Marathon in the USA.

298: 227: 3986: 3779: 3262: 364:

original windsurfing concept were published in 1969 by Drake's employer at the time, the RAND Corporation, in a technical paper written and presented by him titled

544:

It is acknowledged in the courts that the separate Eastaugh (1946–1949), Darby (1965) and Chilvers (1958) inventions pre-dated the Schweitzer/Drake patent (1968).

2658:(BRA): 3 x Wave World Champion 2013, 2022, 2023, 2 x Aloha Classic Champion, IWT BIG WAVE Most Radical All Time Champion 2020, PWA Freestyle World Champion 2008. 1181:

unless fin sizes are reduced. This explains why the course is usually a box with longer upwind and downwind legs, or just a simple upwind-downwind return course.

449:. Europe was now the largest growing market for windsurfers, and the sub-licensed companies – Tabur, F2, Mistral – wanted to find a way to remove or reduce their 2596:(USA): Although known for his big wave surfing and stand-up surfing accomplishments, he is an outstanding windsurfer and invented the move known as the Goiter. 990:

Ideal sail size (m) for different wind speeds and rider weights (recreational level). The red values indicate sail sizes that are unpractical or not available.

1265:(WSSRC) competitors complete timed runs on a 500m or 1 nautical mile (1,852m) course. The current 500m record (for Windsurfers) is held by French windsurfer 7672: 778:, so they are lighter and easier to use in light winds. However, as the sailor improves, a battened sail will provide greater stability in stronger winds. 2805:(NCL): IWT BIG WAVE All-Time BIGGEST WAVE RIDER Champion 2020 (photo), 2 x Aloha Classic Wave Champion 2017, 2018, 3 x IWT Wave Champion 2015, 2016, 2018. 61:. Hydrofoil fins under the board allow the boards to safely lift out of the water and fly silently and smoothly above the surface even in lighter winds. 3798: 3740: 3284: 403: 6992: 6399: 7750: 4161: 507:. The battle over the origin story of the sport would go on to cause much legal grief for the global sporting phenomenon for much of the 1980s. 7940: 5089: 2828:

uses a large kite (around 9 to 20qsm) on 20+m lines for wind power. Due to the strong possible upward lift, smaller boards with no significant

217:

magazine. Darby died in 2016 reportedly feeling pleased with the recognition he received for having created an early version of the sailboard.

2799:(ARU): 17-time World Champion (12 Freestyle, 4 Slalom & 1 Wave), PWA World Wave Champion 2019, 2 x Aloha Classic Wave Champion 2016, 2019. 2881: 2702:(GB) Competing internationally in the PWA World Tour as a wave/freestyle sailor. He was the Youth World Champion, in Racing and Slalom 2000. 1251: 819: 156:

Long before this modern moment, there were small scale sailing craft that have used wind as the driving force, many of them sourced to the

4508: 109:

Windsurfing shattered the world speed sailing record, entered the Olympics and became lauded as, "The fastest growing sport in the world."

4860: 4046: 2626:(VEN): 9 time PWA Freestyle World Champion 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, innovator of many new freestyle tricks. 1356:

The most famous indoor champions include Robert Teriitehau, Jessica Crisp, Robby Naish, Nick Baker, Eric Thieme, and Nathalie LeLievre.

1063: 1190:

since the advent of shortboard course racing (which evolved into Formula) there remains some models in production and most notably the

7730: 1262: 565:

Windsurfers are often classified as either shortboards or longboards. Longboards are usually longer than 3 meters, with a retractable

489: 4302: 7735: 7070: 5082: 4643: 4618: 3688: 3619: 3593: 2456: 4734: 4720: 3145:"The best luxury family windsurf destinations in Europe for 2019 – Planet Windsurf Holidays choice picks – Windsurfing UK Magazine" 134: 4074: 176:—the first rudderless sailboard ever built that allowed a person to steer by shifting his or her weight in order to tilt the sail 7587: 3583: 3486: 7627: 3407: 539:"There is no corroboration of Mr Eastaugh's experiences by any other witness. Neither of his brothers or his father was called" 341:

State Beach in Santa Monica, California. Drake subsequently taught Schweitzer how to windsurf and soon the sport was launched.

4217: 3569: 7722: 7632: 7267: 3962: 3755: 3238: 526: 7622: 4993: 4721:"30 YEARS OF THE ALOHA CLASSIC: A HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY - International Windsurfing Tour-Inspiring the Future of Our Sport" 514:, who by 1965 conceived the "sailboard": a hand-held square rigged "kite" sail on a floating platform for recreational use. 3722: 3061: 7552: 7464: 6279: 4383: 3609: 3543: 2765:(NZ): 3 time Olympian representing New Zealand with Gold in Barcelona 1992, Silver in Atlanta 1996, Bronze in Sydney 2000. 3654: 3102: 510:

In 1983, Schweitzer sued. Swiss board manufacturer Mistral and lost. Mistral's defense hinged on the work of US inventor

8319: 8014: 7745: 7637: 7476: 7252: 6392: 6295: 4481: 3518: 2694:(GDE): 2 x Aloha Classic Champion 2019 & 2023, 2 x IWT Wave Champion 2018, 2019, French National Wave Champion 2019. 2502:(NED), World Champion 1979–1983, gold medal winner first Olympic windsurfing contest in Los Angeles, California in 1984. 2438: 255:

rather than an attached, masted sail. Soon they decided a universal joint attaching a movable sail was more practical.

3936: 3858: 2429: 941:

The board moves through the water – much like a sailing boat does – using an extendable centreboard (if available) and

557:

the United States for the same reason. Eventually the sport became known widely as either sailboarding or windsurfing.

419:

classes. Each Windsurfer had an identical computer-cut sail, a technology new at that time and pioneered by Ian Bruce.

7755: 7607: 7376: 7262: 7217: 4365: 3364: 569:, and are optimized for lighter winds or course racing. Shortboards are less than 3 meters long and are designed for 3883: 2779:(SUI): multiple PWA World Champion in freestyle, wave, speed competition, 1990s and 2000s. World Wave Champion 1998. 2773:(AUS): 5 time Olympian representing Australia. PWA Overall World Champion 1994. PWA World Wavesailing Champion 1993. 2614:(VEN): a freestyle innovator, he created many difficult moves, PWA Freestyle World Champion in 2003, 2004, and 2005. 7933: 7833: 7567: 7557: 7272: 7247: 7222: 7212: 7151: 2620:(BRA): pioneered freestyle maneuvers in wave competition. Ranked first in PWA Wave competition in 2005, 2007, 2008. 470: 168:

In 1948, 20-year-old Newman Darby was the first to conceive the idea of using a handheld sail and rig mounted on a

3080: 2791:(ESP): PWA Wave World Champion, 1999, 2006, 2007, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018. Twin sister of Daida Moreno. 1030:: In strong winds it is difficult to uphaul the sail (pulling it out of the water while standing on the board) so 7760: 7740: 7647: 7617: 7612: 7257: 7232: 7207: 6918: 6885: 5626: 3042: 895: 4633: 3911: 3844: 3458: 3377: 3207: 3016: 369: 7853: 7805: 7795: 7652: 7515: 7505: 7227: 7136: 6857: 5989: 2874: 2852:

mounts in the fin box a hydrofoil which lifts the board off the water and improves speeds due to reduced drag.

1191: 593: 530: 6330: 4526: 4243: 3365:"The Strongest Youth Field in a Generation - International Windsurfing Tour-Inspiring the Future of Our Sport" 1218:

Downwind: More than two marks are laid and sailors sail a downwind course – jibing around each mark only once.

276: 8293: 2388: 456:

Tabur lawyers found prior art, in a local English newspaper which had published a story with a picture about

84:

invented and co-patented windsurfing in California between 1967 and 1970. Alternative concepts by Englishman

8324: 8067: 7800: 7697: 7444: 7237: 6385: 5011: 4699: 1070: 953:, again similarly to a sailing boat, to allow for jibing control. In these conditions windsurf boards also 19: 8077: 7891: 7770: 7667: 7572: 7544: 7434: 7242: 7161: 6188: 5593: 3340: 2525: 1008: 2602:(USA): First World Champion (1974), and winner of 18 World Championship level events in subsequent years. 2560:(USA): PWA Overall World Champion, 2000. PWA Wave World Champion, 2006. Aloha Classic Wave Champion 2016. 8283: 8209: 7997: 7926: 7765: 7642: 7510: 7063: 6534: 5798: 5692: 755: 238: 2842:. To offset the low wind power resulting from the comparatively small wing size (around 3 to 9 sqm), a 8334: 8314: 8176: 7957: 7949: 7790: 7780: 7449: 7414: 7384: 6875: 6701: 6569: 6345: 4169: 2867: 2795: 2554:(AUS): PWA Wave World Champion, 1997, 1998. First windsurfer to ride big wave of Nazare, in Portugal. 2498: 1100: 1096: 597: 361: 330: 247: 231: 127: 93: 81: 4824: 2424: 1044:" the sail to get back on the board. If this becomes hopeless uphauling the sail will be necessary. 8204: 8129: 7975: 7707: 7602: 7469: 7090: 6802: 6729: 6629: 6624: 6592: 6366: 6300: 5938: 5768: 4770: 4050: 2934: 2484: 2434:

lists contains too many entries to be relevant and level of mentioned achievements is too variable.

1158: 1141: 870: 667: 365: 284: 259: 150: 122: 2688:(USA): 3 x Aloha Classic Champion 2014, 2015, 2017. IWT overall Pro Men Wavesailing champion 2017. 1211:

Figure of eight: All of the course should on a beam reach with two floating marks that have to be

7702: 7677: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7404: 7288: 7095: 6933: 6696: 6026: 5979: 5423: 5368: 4968: 4477: 2929: 1121: 844: 758:

induced and rotational. Cambered sails have 1–5 camber inducers - plastic devices at the ends of

589: 315: 188:

created his first product for a wider market in 1964 that he called the "Darby sailboard" on the

7191: 4691: 4604: 535:"Mr Eastaugh greatly exaggerated the capacity of his galvanised iron canoes to sail to windward" 445:, France-based company Dufour Wing, which was later merged with Tabur Marine – the precursor of 4842: 8250: 7810: 7785: 7712: 7459: 7454: 7394: 7389: 6691: 6439: 6203: 5974: 5897: 5190: 4898: 4639: 3980: 3773: 3684: 3615: 3589: 3256: 1151: 570: 481: 344: 189: 4320: 8329: 8229: 8219: 8114: 7992: 7562: 7409: 7399: 7111: 7056: 6982: 6966: 6956: 6923: 6734: 6607: 6454: 5994: 5943: 5867: 5852: 5264: 5165: 5134: 5129: 4665: 4100: 2959: 2947: 2608:(USA): freestyle pioneer, inventor of the Spock, PWA Freestyle World Champion in 1999, 2000. 2528:

which crashed after takeoff killing everyone on board and several more people on the ground.

1274: 904: 5029: 4806: 3120: 2578:(BON): 3rd world freestyle 2009. 1st Midwinters Merit Island Freestyle Competition in 2001. 1177:

Formula boards have excellent upwind and downwind ability, but are not as comfortable on a

1077:

A Women’s Olympic Lechner 390 Boardsailing Class of Sailing was added the Summer of 1992.

986: 8255: 8154: 7907: 7662: 7520: 7492: 7439: 7359: 7012: 6997: 6852: 6819: 6679: 6274: 6254: 6249: 6137: 6067: 5707: 5551: 5493: 5468: 5393: 4954: 4940: 4926: 4912: 4884: 4788: 4306: 4299: 2914: 2761: 2520: 1092: 1074: 864: 450: 311: 213: 169: 140: 7886: 7881: 4583: 4605:"IWT Big Wave Awards - International Windsurfing Tour-Inspiring the Future of Our Sport" 4088: 2642: 1289:

sailors registered it is possible for windsurfers all over the world to compare speeds.

8199: 8119: 8099: 8072: 8004: 7970: 7293: 7171: 7022: 6913: 6897: 6880: 6741: 6674: 6667: 6657: 6320: 6218: 6198: 6047: 5646: 5568: 5511: 5279: 5269: 5160: 3680: 2506: 1315: 1266: 1212: 1178: 1037: 958: 954: 950: 839: 504: 461: 457: 412: 334: 323: 221: 165:

were purportedly fixing sails to logs as part of log float control and for recreation.

85: 24: 4899:"AWT Rankings 2012 - International Windsurfing Tour-Inspiring the Future of Our Sport" 8308: 8189: 8094: 7577: 7530: 7500: 7339: 7334: 7166: 7146: 7116: 7032: 6845: 6751: 6686: 6504: 6469: 6459: 6424: 6408: 6223: 6208: 6147: 6127: 6016: 5837: 5827: 5773: 5259: 4428: 3823: 3439: 3315: 2769: 2550: 1447: 1255: 1162: 853: 687: 672:: Shorter boards up to one meter in width, for use in Formula Windsurfing races. See 621: 200: 162: 5074: 3504: 2676:(USA): 2 x Aloha Classic Champion 2012 (youngest ever winner at 16 years old), 2013. 2540:(GBR): four times world championships runner-up in the 1990s. 13 UK champion titles. 8265: 8149: 8134: 8109: 8057: 8037: 8027: 7982: 7876: 7820: 7657: 7592: 7186: 7156: 7141: 7131: 7121: 7017: 7007: 7002: 6928: 6890: 6814: 6792: 6724: 6662: 6619: 6597: 6511: 6484: 6474: 6464: 6449: 6444: 6429: 6315: 6193: 6152: 6102: 6006: 5948: 5908: 5753: 5733: 5480: 5226: 5200: 4221: 2965: 2953: 2838:

or wing foiling uses a hand-held wing, a smaller version of a kite, to replace the

2825: 2815: 1247: 885: 635:, are almost as wide as Formula boards, and have plenty of volume, hence stability. 601: 585: 511: 497: 466: 382: 310:

direction. Experimenting with a rotational design, he invented the concept for the

252: 193: 185: 89: 58: 54: 7525: 5453: 4955:"Rankings 2019 - International Windsurfing Tour-Inspiring the Future of Our Sport" 4941:"Rankings 2018 - International Windsurfing Tour-Inspiring the Future of Our Sport" 4927:"Rankings 2017 - International Windsurfing Tour-Inspiring the Future of Our Sport" 4913:"Rankings 2013 - International Windsurfing Tour-Inspiring the Future of Our Sport" 4885:"Rankings 2016 - International Windsurfing Tour-Inspiring the Future of Our Sport" 704:: In essence an extremely narrow and sleek slalom board, built for top speed only. 432: 385:. Around this same time, Schweitzer lost his job as a computer software salesman. 4584:"IWT Big Wave - International Windsurfing Tour-Inspiring the Future of Our Sport" 3799:"Robby Naish, Jim Drake and Hoyle Schweitzer are voted into the PWA Hall of Fame" 3741:"Robby Naish, Jim Drake and Hoyle Schweitzer are voted into the PWA Hall of Fame" 3635: 3285:"Robby Naish, Jim Drake and Hoyle Schweitzer are voted into the PWA Hall of Fame" 402:

Windsurfing International registered the term "Windsurfer" as a trademark at the

8245: 8194: 8144: 8139: 8084: 8062: 8032: 7965: 7843: 7354: 7176: 7027: 6809: 6797: 6761: 6756: 6746: 6602: 6587: 6577: 6494: 6434: 6335: 6310: 6122: 6077: 6072: 6021: 5953: 5913: 5857: 5641: 5631: 5616: 5573: 5563: 5546: 5531: 5418: 5398: 5294: 5239: 5155: 5124: 4547: 4000: 3673: 3169: 2971: 2849: 2835: 2819: 2757:(FRA): overall World Champion, 1984, 1985. World Wave Champion 1995, 1996, 1997. 2698: 2476: 1165:

that has the principal characteristic of a maximum 1m width. They have a single

1088: 1020: 759: 632: 566: 319: 280: 50: 6377: 4509:"Jessica Crisp Named Australian Sailor of the Year | News | Sportcal" 4018: 3547: 580:

Modern windsurfing boards can be classified into many categories: The original

8224: 8184: 7987: 7918: 7858: 7848: 7597: 7308: 7303: 7126: 6840: 6782: 6777: 6708: 6614: 6582: 6554: 6544: 6526: 6479: 6416: 6213: 6162: 6082: 6031: 5958: 5928: 5778: 5717: 5712: 5656: 5621: 5583: 5458: 5408: 5249: 5215: 5210: 5175: 5139: 4487: 4120: 3425: 3393: 2992: 2904: 1282: 1278: 1207:

Slalom is a high-speed race. Typically there are two sorts of slalom courses.

1031: 1004: 678: 609: 485: 407: 302: 177: 4147: 3522: 3378:

https://www.windsurfjournal.com/article,news,wave-tour-2024-calendar,10291,en

2733:(USA): Freestyle World Champion 1985, multiple Championships from 1981– 1986. 2546:(USA): Early pioneer of many wave sailing moves, including the wave-face 360. 8260: 7838: 7692: 7682: 7349: 7329: 7313: 7298: 6951: 6652: 6539: 6489: 6269: 6264: 6097: 6011: 6001: 5933: 5793: 5521: 5378: 5343: 5309: 4565: 4341: 4104: 3440:"A Chronological Order of the Development of the Free Sail System Sailboard" 2843: 949:

for stability and lateral resistance. The centreboard is retracted at broad

740: 683: 446: 416: 392: 173: 157: 5069: 4244:"Windsurfing v Petit - Judgment 28-Jun-84 - Rotation - Patent Infringement" 2638:(NED): European Freestyle Champion 2010, PWA Freestyle World Champion 2011. 2566:(GBR): Three-time PWA Wave World 2nd Place, six-time Indoor World Champion. 5012:"Jessica Crisp wins The Australian RSX Windsurfing National CHampionships" 8166: 8052: 7828: 7775: 7344: 7037: 6943: 6644: 6559: 6549: 6142: 6132: 5918: 5903: 5888: 5883: 5832: 5748: 5666: 5651: 5601: 5501: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5318: 5284: 5195: 5180: 5170: 4752: 4566:"Home - International Windsurfing Tour-Inspiring the Future of Our Sport" 2829: 1270: 880: 876: 860: 795: 763: 442: 204: 1103:

the new Olympic Class windsurfer used advanced foil technology with the

337:'s Jamaica Bay to make history with the world's first modern sailboard. 8124: 8104: 8089: 8047: 8022: 7868: 7687: 7079: 6787: 6634: 6499: 6157: 6107: 6087: 5984: 5893: 5862: 5842: 5788: 5783: 5758: 5743: 5697: 5687: 5611: 5541: 5428: 5383: 5373: 5353: 5338: 5323: 5254: 5110: 5106: 4278: 3183: 1269:. The women's 500m Record is held By Zara Davis, from England, also in 807: 799: 787: 717: 617: 600:

foam core reinforced with a composite sandwich shell, that can include

501: 354: 43: 39: 4692:"ASN Aircraft accident Aérospatiale / BAC Concorde 101 F-BTSC Gonesse" 3521:. Archives Center, National Museum of American History. Archived from 3101:

Greenhouse, Steven; Times, Special To the New York (August 17, 1987).

149:

invented and co-patented the version we all know today and called it

73:

class is the new Olympic windsurfing racing class for France in 2024.

8214: 6987: 6350: 6325: 6183: 6117: 6112: 5923: 5847: 5738: 5702: 5661: 5606: 5556: 5536: 5526: 5388: 5358: 5328: 5234: 5205: 5185: 1129: 1104: 1007:, leading to a sudden loss of lift, called "spin-out" (equivalent to 890: 803: 748: 660: 605: 288: 70: 28: 5046: 4408:"Home – GPS-Speedsurfing.com :: for windsurfers by windsurfers" 4134:

Popular Science Magazine, author Susan Renner-Smith, June 1981 issue

4089:"WINDSURFING INTERNATIONAL INC. v. TABUR MARINE (GREAT BRITAIN) LTD" 3963:"James Drake, 'Father of Windsurfing' and RAND Engineer, Dies at 83" 3961:

Monica, 1776 Main Street Santa; California 90401-3208 (2012-06-22).

3756:"James Drake, 'Father of Windsurfing' and RAND Engineer, Dies at 83" 3754:

Monica, 1776 Main Street Santa; California 90401-3208 (2012-06-22).

3239:"James Drake, 'Father of Windsurfing' and RAND Engineer, Dies at 83" 3237:

Monica, 1776 Main Street Santa; California 90401-3208 (2012-06-22).

1082:

Women’s Boardsailing Class began in Spain on the Mediterranean Sea.*

224:

is also cited for inventing a kind of sailboard in England in 1958.

4599: 4597: 4595: 4593: 478:

Windsurfing International Inc. v Tabur Marine (GB) Ltd. 1985 RPC 59

8042: 6305: 6259: 6233: 6092: 5811: 5763: 5671: 5636: 5578: 5506: 5463: 5403: 5333: 5289: 5274: 4753:"jason polakow - Sport News Headlines - Nine Wide World of Sports" 4407: 3121:"How the First Woman Windsurfer Helped Design the First Sailboard" 1145: 985: 744: 677: 613: 237: 226: 133: 18: 5057: 5051: 4570:

International Windsurfing Tour--Inspiring the Future of Our Sport

739:

are often made of monofilm (clear polyester film), dacron (woven

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Other watersport variants using a board and wind power include

794:

A windsurfing sail is tensioned at two points: at the tack (by

199:

While Darby's "sailboard" incorporated a pivoting rig, it was "

6835: 5063: 4463: 2859: 2572:(USA): Mark's younger brother and early pioneer of Cape Verde. 2407: 1166: 1146: 942: 849: 181: 2632:(FRA): PWA Wave World Champion 2014, 1st RedBull Storm Chase. 1239:

largely unpracticed; it reached its peak in the early 2000s,

4735:"Interview with Maui Surfer Mark Angulo – November 11, 1997" 2646:(GER): 5 x Wave World Champion 2011, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2019. 647:: Internationally recognised One Design Classes such as the 333:, along with his wife Wendy and daughter Stephanie, went to 974:: The rider climbs onto the board, grabs the pulling rope ( 523:

Windsurfing International Inc & Anor v Petit & Anor

7048: 406:

in 1970. Windsurfing International Inc. created a popular

4191: 3906: 3904: 1194:

One Design remains popular amongst amateur racing clubs.

38:

is a wind-propelled water sport that is a combination of

4162:"Windsurfing International Inc. v Tabur Marine (GB) Ltd" 3655:"S. Newman Darby, Inventor of the Sailboard, Dies at 88" 3519:"S. Newman Darby Windsurfing Collection, 1944–1998 #625" 2745:(GER): World Wave Champion 1986, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994. 411:

The Windsurfer Class fleet was based the success of the

3487:"Windsurfing was invented 60 years ago by Newman Darby" 596:

designs were used. Most boards produced today have an

1024:"cut-back") is usually only executed in wave riding. 762:

which cup against the mast. They help create a rigid

521:

In 1984, Australian courts determined a patent case:

480:

with Tabur backed financially by French sailing fan

269: 8238: 8175: 8013: 7956: 7900: 7867: 7819: 7721: 7543: 7485: 7375: 7368: 7322: 7281: 7200: 7104: 6975: 6942: 6906: 6868: 6828: 6770: 6717: 6643: 6568: 6525: 6415: 6359: 6288: 6242: 6176: 6060: 6040: 5967: 5876: 5820: 5726: 5680: 5592: 5492: 5477: 5308: 5224: 5148: 5117: 4218:"Technology, invention, and innovation collections" 2922: 2897: 903:Safety gear: line, distress strobe light, whistle, 4450:"Windsurfing history: N – Windsurfing UK Magazine" 3672: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3272: 682:Windsurfing in the late evening on a longboard at 659:class race boards, and the new 2024 Olympic Class 631:: (Sometimes called funboards) these often have a 7583:Duke Kahanamoku Invitational Surfing Championship 4121:Viganj Windsurfing | Apartments Viganj – Pelješac 4049:. Inventors.about.com. 2010-06-15. Archived from 3793: 3791: 3789: 2682:: Formula windsurfing lightweight world champion. 314:. Drake completed his engineering concept with a 303:Jim Drake, windsurfing for the first time (movie) 3546:. Oregon Interactive Corporation. Archived from 2652:(ESP): Wave World Champion 2010, 2016, and 2018. 4994:"IWT Chile Topocalma Infernal - Day 2 of heats" 4384:"Windsurfer Breaks Speed Record at Over 60 mph" 4366:"iQFoil: the new Olympic windsurfing equipment" 4310:, San Francisco Boardsailing Association (SFBA) 4142: 4140: 4047:"About.com: Inventors – History of Windsurfing" 3481: 3479: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 2120:Morgan Noireaux (USA) + Boujmaa Guilloul (MOR) 747:. Areas under high load may be reinforced with 4093:Reports of Patent, Design and Trade Mark Cases 1349:one meter deep and is surrounded by concrete. 900:Travel gear – sail bags, board bags, car racks 7934: 7064: 6393: 5090: 4069: 4067: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3283:Association (PWA), Professional Windsurfing. 2875: 1713:Jutta Muller (GER) + Nathalie Le Lievre (FRA) 368:." Further details can be read in published 8: 4619:"Most windsurfing world championship titles" 4077:. American Windsurfer Magazine. 8 July 2022. 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 1273:. The Men's nautical mile record is held by 348:The first three windsurfers ever built, 1968 270:Drake's first prototype, the Windsurfer name 7673:Smirnoff World Pro-Am Surfing Championships 3985:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3778:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3261:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3062:"Boardsailing Is in the Race for Attention" 1378:Topocalma in Chile, and Omaezaki in Japan. 251:designed it to be propelled by a hand held 7941: 7927: 7919: 7372: 7071: 7057: 7049: 6400: 6386: 6378: 5489: 5097: 5083: 5075: 4075:"Origins of windsurfing: Hoyle Schweitzer" 3937:"Origins of Windsurfing: Hoyle Schweitzer" 3859:"Origins of Windsurfing: Hoyle Schweitzer" 2882: 2868: 2860: 2584:(NED): IFCA Junior World Champion of 2011. 4192:"Mistral waterlife and living since 1976" 3341:"Jim Drake, father of windsurfing was 83" 3232: 3230: 3228: 3103:"Europe Gaining in U.S. Sailboard Battle" 2968:— water skiing on a board instead of skis 2457:Learn how and when to remove this message 404:United States Patent and Trademark Office 151:Windsurfing- a new new concept in sailing 5066:, international windsurfing news website 4542: 4540: 4220:. Americanhistory.si.edu. Archived from 4130: 4128: 3884:"Windsurfing – A New Concept in Sailing" 3679:. Human Kinetics. January 1995. p. 2991:Windsurfing, Starboard (July 18, 2011). 2962:— on large skateboard, propelled by sail 2097:Levi Siver (USA) + Bernd Roediger (USA) 1391: 1291: 1254:(ISWC) organizes (under the umbrella of 856:but is usually stronger for windsurfing) 391: 343: 297: 246:Stanford educated aeronautical engineer 121: 7751:National Scholastic Surfing Association 4466:. Professional Windsurfers Association. 4116: 4114: 3653:Sandomir, Richard (December 26, 2016). 3394:Wind Surfing — A New Concept in Sailing 3096: 3094: 2983: 1483:Dana Dawes (USA) + Natalie Siebel (GER) 1434:Jill Boyer (USA) + Natalie Siebel (GER) 1277:and the women's mile record is held by 754:Two designs of a sail are predominant: 305:May 21, 1967 Marina del Rey, California 4861:"PWA WORLD WINDSURFING TOUR: Athletes" 4668:[Atlantic: The First Cross!]. 3978: 3805:. Professional Windsurfing Association 3771: 3254: 2751:(USA): World Wave Champion 1989, 1991. 2739:(USA): World Wave Champion 1986, 1987. 366:Windsurfing - A New Concept in Sailing 92:are recognized as earlier sailboards. 5070:International Windsurfing Association 4527:"Indoor windsurfing returns to Paris" 3408:"Jim Drake – Inventor of windsurfing" 3387: 3385: 1261:On record attempts controlled by the 1252:International Speed Windsurfing Class 260:Drake's revolutionary sailing concept 7: 8289: 4666:"Atlantique: La Premiere Traversee!" 4279:"Anatomy of an Epoxy Sandwich board" 3079:Brenner, Elsa (September 12, 1982). 3060:Fishman, Joanne A. (July 13, 1981). 3041:Fishman, Joanne A. (June 12, 1978). 999:. The volume of board in the water ( 5054:, international windsurfing website 4267:see pages 104–105 of judgment cited 3912:"Origins of Windsurfing: Jim Drake" 3845:"Origins of Windsurfing: Jim Drake" 3723:"Origins of windsurfing: Jim Drake" 3572:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 3459:"Origins of Windsurfing: Jim Drake" 3208:"Origins of Windsurfing: Jim Drake" 3017:"Origins of Windsurfing: Jim Drake" 1095:was used for the first time in the 1064:Sailboarding at the Summer Olympics 806:for downhauling at the tack, and a 774:Beginners' sails often do not have 488:in the United Kingdom, in terms of 172:so that he could control his small 7731:International Professional Surfers 5016:Women's Sport - Women's sport news 4969:"Robby Swift - Boards Windsurfing" 4548:"PWA WORLD WINDSURFING TOUR: Home" 3426:"The Legend of Lumberjack Surfing" 3170:"PWA WORLD WINDSURFING TOUR: Home" 1263:World Sailing Speed Record Council 1250:takes place in several forms. The 1036:is necessary. This is done (while 673: 490:inventive step and non-obviousness 14: 7736:International Surfing Association 4719:Faurot, Russ (October 29, 2014). 3043:"Windsurfing: Sailing's New Tack" 8288: 8279: 8278: 7588:East Coast Surfing Championships 3505:"Windsurfing From the Beginning" 3081:"Windsurfing Gaining Popularity" 2913: 2721:(USA): World Wave Champion 1984. 2715:(USA): World Wave Champion 1984. 2412: 676:for a more detailed description. 5047:Official Formula Class Website 4807:"MIKE WALTZE WINDSURFING MAUI" 4488:"Indoor Windsurfing Kamasutra" 3695:Peter Chilvers and windsurfing 3339:Roderick, Kevin (2012-07-02). 2950:— ice skater propelled by kite 1325:52.05 kn (26.8 m/s) 1309:53.27 kn (27.4 m/s) 1128:and the rapidly expanding new 1124:, the Youth development class 920:Learning and skill progression 863:are more common, but some are 453:to Windsurfing International. 1: 7553:Australian Boardriders Battle 4346:National Sailing Hall of Fame 4099:(4): 59–82. January 1, 1985. 584:board had a body made out of 441:In 1979, Schweitzer licensed 375: 7746:International Surfing Museum 7638:Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic 7628:O'Neill World Cup of Surfing 6409:Extreme and adventure sports 6296:Bristol Channel pilot cutter 4635:The Guinness book of records 3727:American Windsurfer Magazine 2997:Starboard Windsurfing Online 1398:Overall Wave World Champions 7950:Water sports and activities 7756:New York Surf Film Festival 7623:O'Neill Sebastian Inlet Pro 7608:Lion Foundation Surf League 4843:"PERSPECTIVE - KAULI SEADI" 3392:Drake, James (1968-12-31). 2432:. The specific problem is: 2337:Sarah-Quita Offringa (ARU) 2245:Sarah-Quita Offringa (ARU) 2176:Sarah-Quita Offringa (ARU) 8351: 7568:Billabong Pipeline Masters 7558:Australian Open of Surfing 4632:McWhirter, Norris (1988). 4019:"WIND-PROPELLED APPARATUS" 4001:"Windsurfing | sport" 3570:"From Hawaii to the World" 3507:. Darby Electronic Museum. 2582:Jean-Patrick van der Wolde 2428:to meet Knowledge (XXG)'s 2334:Sarah-Quita Offringa (ARU) 2311:Sarah-Quita Offringa (ARU) 2242:Sarah-Quita Offringa (ARU) 2153:Iballa Ruano Moreno (ESP) 2130:Iballa Ruano Moreno (ESP) 1946:Iballa Ruano Moreno (ESP) 1139: 1061: 728: 471:Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 8274: 7761:Santa Cruz Surfing Museum 7741:International Surfing Day 7648:Quiksilver Pro Gold Coast 7618:Noosa Festival of Surfing 7613:MEO Rip Curl Pro Portugal 7086: 6886:Aggressive inline skating 4998:www.yachtsandyachting.com 4771:"10 Tracks Surfing Facts" 4638:. Guinness Superlatives. 4486:pedrowind (May 5, 2007). 4026:www.freepatentsonline.com 3320:mistral-watersports.co.uk 2911: 2219:Iballa Ruano Moreno (ESP) 2196:Iballa Ruano Moreno (ESP) 2173:Iballa Ruano Moreno (ESP) 2150:Iballa Ruano Moreno (ESP) 2127:Iballa Ruano Moreno (ESP) 2081:Iballa Ruano Moreno (ESP) 1966:Iballa Ruano Moreno (ESP) 1943:Iballa Ruano Moreno (ESP) 1923:Jennifer Henderson (USA) 1785:Jennifer Henderson (USA) 1782:Iballa Ruano Moreno (ESP) 1111:One Design Racing classes 896:Personal flotation device 376:The sport's first company 7806:Welsh Surfing Federation 7796:The Moonshine Conspiracy 7653:Red Bull Big Wave Africa 5990:Iron-hulled sailing ship 3614:. Netbiblo. 2008-06-03. 3544:"History of Windsurfing" 2104:Daida Ruano Moreno (ESP) 2058:Daida Ruano Moreno (ESP) 2035:Daida Ruano Moreno (ESP) 2012:Daida Ruano Moreno (ESP) 1989:Daida Ruano Moreno (ESP) 1920:Daida Ruano Moreno (ESP) 1897:Daida Ruano Moreno (ESP) 1874:Daida Ruano Moreno (ESP) 1851:Daida Ruano Moreno (ESP) 1828:Daida Ruano Moreno (ESP) 1805:Daida Ruano Moreno (ESP) 1736:Nathalie Le Lievre (FRA) 1690:Nathalie Le Lievre (FRA) 1401:Aloha Classic Champions 1120:class, the long running 533:. The judge noted that, 460:, who as a young boy on 7801:Uruguayan Surfing Union 7698:Triple Crown of Surfing 5799:Square-rigged caravel ( 5030:"What is wing surfing?" 4825:"ROMANCING: Josh Stone" 4700:Aviation Safety Network 4305:August 8, 2014, at the 4005:Encyclopedia Britannica 3588:. Lonely Planet. 2008. 1660:Björn Dunkerbeck (ESP) 830:sails up to 15 m. 798:), and at the clew (by 49:Newer variants include 8200:Outrigger canoe racing 7771:Surfers Against Sewage 7668:Shark Island Challenge 7573:Billabong Pro Teahupoo 7162:Standup paddleboarding 4431:. Sailspeedrecords.com 4410:. GPS-Speedsurfing.com 3442:. The Hart's Homepage. 2636:Steven van Broeckhoven 2526:Air France Flight 4590 2304:Marcilio Browne (BRA) 2209:Victor Fernández (ESP) 2189:Morgan Noireaux (USA) 2166:Kevin Pritchard (USA) 2163:Victor Fernández (ESP) 2143:Morgan Noireaux (USA) 2025:Victor Fernández (ESP) 1818:Björn Dunkerbeck (ESP) 1772:Björn Dunkerbeck (ESP) 1703:Patrice Belbeoch (FRA) 1680:Björn Dunkerbeck (ESP) 1657:Björn Dunkerbeck (ESP) 1634:Björn Dunkerbeck (ESP) 1611:Björn Dunkerbeck (ESP) 1565:Björn Dunkerbeck (ESP) 1295:Speed Sailing Records 1155: 991: 781:Rotational sails have 691: 594:glass-reinforced epoxy 469:and his wife Naomi in 397: 349: 306: 277:physics of windsurfing 243: 235: 145: 131: 32: 8210:Synchronized swimming 7766:SurfAid International 7643:Quiksilver Pro France 6762:Parachuting/Skydiving 6331:Pinnace (ship's boat) 5693:Chinese treasure ship 4105:10.1093/rpc/1985rpc59 3826:. Mistral Watersports 3550:on September 11, 2011 3525:on February 19, 2015. 2327:Antoine Martin (GDL) 2324:Marcilio Browne (BRA) 2301:Marcilio Browne (BRA) 2291:COVID-19 - no events 2281:COVID-19 - no events 2268:COVID-19 - no events 2258:COVID-19 - no events 2235:Antoine Martin (GDL) 2117:Thomas Traversa (FRA) 2107:Junko Naghoshi (JPN) 2094:Marcilio Browne (BRA) 2084:Junko Naghoshi (JPN) 2074:Bernd Roediger (USA) 2061:Junko Naghoshi (JPN) 1933:Kevin Pritchard (USA) 1913:Alex Mussolini (ESP) 1887:Scott McKercher (AUS) 1841:Kevin Pritchard (USA) 1808:Angela Cochran (USA) 1798:Francisco Goya (ARG) 1670:Barbara Kendall (NZ) 1601:Angela Cochran (USA) 1578:Angela Cochran (USA) 1555:Angela Cochran (USA) 1395:Year: Men & Women 1226:Ocean Slalom Marathon 1149: 989: 961:like a sailing boat. 802:). There is a set of 681: 655:, or the old Olympic 395: 347: 301: 241: 234:sailing in California 230: 137: 125: 22: 7791:Surfing South Africa 7781:Surfrider Foundation 6876:Freestyle scootering 6702:Traditional climbing 6346:Thames sailing barge 6177:Recreational vessels 5060:Windsurfing Magazine 4865:www.pwaworldtour.com 4552:www.pwaworldtour.com 4464:"The PWA World Tour" 3412:World of Windsurfing 3367:. 15 September 2019. 2993:"Windsurfing Basics" 2810:Related water sports 2796:Sarah-Quita Offringa 2499:Stephan van den Berg 2439:improve this article 2400:River, Oregon, USA. 2314:Jessica Crisp (AUS) 2288:COVID-19 - no events 2278:COVID-19 - no events 2265:COVID-19 - no events 2255:COVID-19 - no events 2212:Camille Juban (GDL) 2051:Camille Juban (GDL) 1795:Francisco Goya (ARG) 1752:Jason Polakow (AUS) 1667:Natalie Siebel (GER) 1637:Jason Polakow (AUS) 1621:Natalie Siebel (GER) 1598:Angela Cochran (USA) 1575:Natalie Siebel (GER) 1552:Angela Cochran (USA) 1529:Natalie Siebel (GER) 1460:Shawne O'Neill (USA) 1097:2008 Summer Olympics 852:(similar shape to a 834:Associated Equipment 598:expanded polystyrene 592:foam. Later, hollow 8320:American inventions 8205:Synchronized diving 8015:Activities on water 7958:Activities in water 7892:Surfer's myelopathy 7708:World Surfing Games 7603:Ku Ikaika Challenge 6803:Powered paragliding 6630:Whitewater kayaking 6625:Whitewater canoeing 6367:Nautical operations 6301:Floating restaurant 6189:Ljungström sailboat 5769:Full-rigged pinnace 4831:. December 5, 2015. 4829:American Windsurfer 4813:. October 21, 2017. 4793:The Surfers Journal 4696:aviation-safety.net 4586:. 26 February 2019. 4172:on 11 December 2003 3941:American Windsurfer 3916:American Windsurfer 3888:American Windsurfer 3863:American Windsurfer 3463:American Windsurfer 3212:American Windsurfer 3021:American Windsurfer 2956:— yacht with wheels 2789:Iballa Ruano Moreno 2404:International stars 2232:Philip Köster (GER) 2222:Sarah Hauser (NCL) 2199:Sarah Hauser (NCL) 2186:Philip Köster (GER) 2140:Philip Köster (GER) 2071:Philip Köster (GER) 2048:Philip Köster (GER) 1749:Jason Polakow (AUS) 1726:Jason Polakow (AUS) 1644:Jessica Crisp (AUS) 1437:Debbie Brown (USA) 1198:Short-board classes 1159:Formula windsurfing 1142:Formula Windsurfing 965:Directional control 735:Modern windsurfing 668:Formula Windsurfing 8195:Dragon boat racing 7703:US Open of Surfing 7299:Ocean surface wave 6934:Ski mountaineering 6697:Free solo climbing 6635:Whitewater rafting 5484:and other vessels 5478:Naval and merchant 4429:"24 Hour Distance" 4300:Windsurfing Safety 3847:. 6 December 2015. 3659:The New York Times 3493:. SurferToday.com. 3107:The New York Times 3085:The New York Times 3066:The New York Times 3047:The New York Times 2783:Daida Ruano Moreno 1936:Josh Angulo (USA) 1900:Motoko Sato (JPN) 1591:Robby Naish (USA) 1568:Rush Randle (USA) 1545:Robby Naish (USA) 1522:Mark Angulo (USA) 1519:Robby Naish (USA) 1499:Robby Naish (USA) 1476:Robby Naish (USA) 1427:Alex Aguera (USA) 1334:Luderitz, Namibia 1320:Luderitz, Namibia 1156: 1122:Mistral One Design 1107:one design class. 1053:Long-board classes 992: 820:center of pressure 692: 653:Mistral One Design 398: 350: 307: 258:After learning of 244: 236: 196:, United States. 146: 132: 33: 8302: 8301: 8251:Modern pentathlon 7916: 7915: 7834:Fictional surfers 7811:World Surf League 7786:Surfing Australia 7713:World Surf League 7539: 7538: 7046: 7045: 6692:Big wall climbing 6440:Kite landboarding 6375: 6374: 6204:Sailing hydrofoil 6056: 6055: 5975:Blackwall frigate 5898:Baltimore Clipper 4847:Windsurf Magazine 4811:Windsurf Magazine 4670:www.tainosgpe.com 4216:Zelasnic, Laura. 4166:slcc.strath.ac.uk 3743:. PWA World Tour. 2943: 2942: 2467: 2466: 2459: 2430:quality standards 2421:This article may 2341: 2340: 2002:Josh Angulo (USA) 1979:Kauli Seadi (BRA) 1956:Kauli Seadi (BRA) 1910:Kauli Seadi (BRA) 1864:Josh Angulo (USA) 1759:Karin Jaggi (SWI) 1588:Robby Naish (USA) 1542:Robby Naish (USA) 1532:Dana Dawes (USA) 1509:Kelby Anno (USA) 1496:Robby Naish (USA) 1486:Kelby Anno (USA) 1424:Robby Naish (USA) 1411:Robby Naish (USA) 1386:The Aloha Classic 1338: 1337: 1152:San Francisco Bay 1150:Formula racer in 873:and Harness lines 859:Universal joint ( 645:Racing longboards 482:Baron Marcel Bich 329:On May 21, 1967, 242:Jim Drake's Wing 207:of a kite-shaped 190:Susquehanna River 138:Darby sailboard, 8342: 8292: 8291: 8282: 8281: 8230:Water volleyball 8220:Water basketball 7943: 7936: 7929: 7920: 7563:Beachley Classic 7516:Puerto Escondido 7373: 7152:Shoulder surfing 7073: 7066: 7059: 7050: 6983:Adventure racing 6957:Extreme sledding 6924:Freestyle skiing 6735:Ski-BASE jumping 6608:Technical diving 6455:Mountainboarding 6402: 6395: 6388: 6379: 5944:Ship of the line 5868:Ship of the line 5490: 5486:(by origin date) 5265:Full-rigged ship 5166:Fore-and-aft rig 5135:Age of Discovery 5130:Maritime history 5099: 5092: 5085: 5076: 5034: 5033: 5026: 5020: 5019: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4951: 4945: 4944: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4895: 4889: 4888: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4871: 4857: 4851: 4850: 4839: 4833: 4832: 4821: 4815: 4814: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4785: 4779: 4778: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4757:wwos.nine.com.au 4749: 4743: 4742: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4716: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4706: 4687: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4677: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4652: 4629: 4623: 4622: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4607:. 11 April 2020. 4601: 4588: 4587: 4580: 4574: 4573: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4544: 4535: 4534: 4523: 4517: 4516: 4513:www.sportcal.com 4505: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4495: 4474: 4468: 4467: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4446: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4415: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4395: 4394: 4380: 4374: 4373: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4352: 4338: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4328: 4317: 4311: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4286: 4281:. The Board Lady 4277:Hollman, Eva-M. 4274: 4268: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4213: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4168:. Archived from 4158: 4152: 4151: 4144: 4135: 4132: 4123: 4118: 4109: 4108: 4085: 4079: 4078: 4071: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4058: 4053:on July 10, 2012 4043: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4023: 4015: 4009: 4008: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3984: 3976: 3974: 3973: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3948: 3933: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3923: 3908: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3895: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3870: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3832: 3831: 3820: 3814: 3813: 3811: 3810: 3795: 3784: 3783: 3777: 3769: 3767: 3766: 3760:RAND Corporation 3751: 3745: 3744: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3719: 3698: 3697: 3678: 3669: 3663: 3662: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3632: 3626: 3625: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3580: 3574: 3573: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3540: 3527: 3526: 3515: 3509: 3508: 3501: 3495: 3494: 3483: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3470: 3455: 3444: 3443: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3389: 3380: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3361: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3351: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3327: 3326: 3312: 3299: 3298: 3296: 3295: 3280: 3267: 3266: 3260: 3252: 3250: 3249: 3234: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3219: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3194: 3180: 3174: 3173: 3166: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3156: 3147:. Archived from 3141: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3131: 3117: 3111: 3110: 3098: 3089: 3088: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3038: 3032: 3031: 3029: 3028: 3013: 3007: 3006: 3004: 3003: 2988: 2960:Land windsurfing 2948:Kite ice skating 2917: 2884: 2877: 2870: 2861: 2755:Natalie Lelievre 2662:Boujmaa Guilloul 2650:Víctor Fernández 2612:Ricardo Campello 2514:Arnaud de Rosnay 2485:Björn Dunkerbeck 2462: 2455: 2451: 2448: 2442: 2416: 2415: 2408: 1775:Nik Baker (GBR) 1506:Dana Dawes (USA) 1473:Robby Naish USA) 1392: 1312:5 November 2015 1292: 1275:Bjorn Dunkerbeck 905:marine VHF radio 708:Freestyle boards 451:royalty payments 396:Jim Drake, 1974 220:Twelve-year-old 130:windsurfer, 1967 8350: 8349: 8345: 8344: 8343: 8341: 8340: 8339: 8305: 8304: 8303: 8298: 8270: 8234: 8171: 8009: 7952: 7947: 7917: 7912: 7908:Surf lifesaving 7896: 7863: 7854:Surfwear brands 7815: 7717: 7663:Roxy Pro France 7535: 7521:Shipstern Bluff 7493:Banzai Pipeline 7481: 7364: 7360:Surfboard leash 7318: 7277: 7196: 7192:Women's surfing 7100: 7082: 7077: 7047: 7042: 7013:Obstacle racing 6998:Extreme ironing 6971: 6938: 6902: 6864: 6853:Mountain biking 6824: 6820:Wingsuit flying 6766: 6713: 6680:Alpine climbing 6639: 6564: 6521: 6411: 6406: 6376: 6371: 6355: 6284: 6238: 6172: 6061:Fishing vessels 6052: 6036: 5963: 5872: 5816: 5722: 5676: 5588: 5552:Tessarakonteres 5485: 5483: 5479: 5473: 5394:Outrigger canoe 5304: 5220: 5144: 5113: 5103: 5043: 5038: 5037: 5028: 5027: 5023: 5010: 5009: 5005: 4992: 4991: 4987: 4977: 4975: 4967: 4966: 4962: 4953: 4952: 4948: 4939: 4938: 4934: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4911: 4910: 4906: 4897: 4896: 4892: 4883: 4882: 4878: 4869: 4867: 4859: 4858: 4854: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4805: 4804: 4800: 4787: 4786: 4782: 4775:Tracks Magazine 4769: 4768: 4764: 4751: 4750: 4746: 4733: 4732: 4728: 4718: 4717: 4713: 4704: 4702: 4690:Ranter, Harro. 4689: 4688: 4684: 4675: 4673: 4664: 4663: 4659: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4631: 4630: 4626: 4617: 4616: 4612: 4603: 4602: 4591: 4582: 4581: 4577: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4546: 4545: 4538: 4525: 4524: 4520: 4507: 4506: 4502: 4493: 4491: 4485: 4482:Wayback Machine 4475: 4471: 4462: 4461: 4457: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4434: 4432: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4413: 4411: 4406: 4405: 4401: 4392: 4390: 4388:www.redbull.com 4382: 4381: 4377: 4364: 4363: 4359: 4350: 4348: 4340: 4339: 4335: 4326: 4324: 4319: 4318: 4314: 4307:Wayback Machine 4297: 4293: 4284: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4271: 4266: 4262: 4252: 4250: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4227: 4225: 4224:on July 2, 2012 4215: 4214: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4175: 4173: 4160: 4159: 4155: 4146: 4145: 4138: 4133: 4126: 4119: 4112: 4087: 4086: 4082: 4073: 4072: 4065: 4056: 4054: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4030: 4028: 4021: 4017: 4016: 4012: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3977: 3971: 3969: 3960: 3959: 3955: 3946: 3944: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3921: 3919: 3910: 3909: 3902: 3893: 3891: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3868: 3866: 3857: 3856: 3852: 3843: 3842: 3838: 3829: 3827: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3808: 3806: 3797: 3796: 3787: 3770: 3764: 3762: 3753: 3752: 3748: 3739: 3738: 3734: 3721: 3720: 3701: 3691: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3640:Popular Science 3634: 3633: 3629: 3622: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3596: 3582: 3581: 3577: 3568: 3567: 3563: 3553: 3551: 3542: 3541: 3530: 3517: 3516: 3512: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3485: 3484: 3477: 3468: 3466: 3457: 3456: 3447: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3391: 3390: 3383: 3376: 3372: 3363: 3362: 3358: 3349: 3347: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3324: 3322: 3314: 3313: 3302: 3293: 3291: 3282: 3281: 3270: 3253: 3247: 3245: 3236: 3235: 3226: 3217: 3215: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3192: 3190: 3182: 3181: 3177: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3154: 3152: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3129: 3127: 3119: 3118: 3114: 3100: 3099: 3092: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3040: 3039: 3035: 3026: 3024: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3001: 2999: 2990: 2989: 2985: 2980: 2944: 2939: 2918: 2909: 2893: 2888: 2858: 2812: 2762:Barbara Kendall 2749:Angela Cocheran 2709: 2686:Morgan Noireaux 2656:Marcilio Browne 2630:Thomas Traversa 2624:Gollito Estredo 2600:Matt Schweitzer 2558:Kevin Pritchard 2521:Christian Marty 2507:Anders Bringdal 2472: 2463: 2452: 2446: 2443: 2436: 2417: 2413: 2406: 2397: 2384: 2375: 2366: 2364:Big wave riding 2357: 2348: 1367: 1362: 1343: 1331:Antoine Albeau 1245: 1236: 1228: 1205: 1200: 1187: 1185:Raceboard class 1144: 1138: 1113: 1093:Neil Pryde RS:X 1075:Summer Olympics 1066: 1060: 1055: 1050: 984: 939: 930: 922: 913: 818:(strictly, the 733: 629:Beginner boards 612:in a matrix of 563: 554: 425: 423:Patent disputes 378: 360:The details of 312:universal joint 272: 214:Popular Science 186:S. Newman Darby 170:universal joint 141:Popular Science 120: 79: 23:Windsurfing on 17: 12: 11: 5: 8348: 8346: 8338: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8325:Sailboat types 8322: 8317: 8307: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8297: 8296: 8286: 8275: 8272: 8271: 8269: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8242: 8240: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8181: 8179: 8173: 8172: 8170: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8158: 8157: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8120:Stone skipping 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8081: 8080: 8073:Paddleboarding 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8019: 8017: 8011: 8010: 8008: 8007: 8005:Water aerobics 8002: 8001: 8000: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7979: 7978: 7968: 7962: 7960: 7954: 7953: 7948: 7946: 7945: 7938: 7931: 7923: 7914: 7913: 7911: 7910: 7904: 7902: 7901:Related topics 7898: 7897: 7895: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7873: 7871: 7865: 7864: 7862: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7825: 7823: 7817: 7816: 7814: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 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7101: 7099: 7098: 7093: 7087: 7084: 7083: 7078: 7076: 7075: 7068: 7061: 7053: 7044: 7043: 7041: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6993:Cheese rolling 6990: 6985: 6979: 6977: 6973: 6972: 6970: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6948: 6946: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6914:Extreme skiing 6910: 6908: 6904: 6903: 6901: 6900: 6898:Roller skating 6895: 6894: 6893: 6888: 6881:Inline skating 6878: 6872: 6870: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6862: 6861: 6860: 6850: 6849: 6848: 6843: 6832: 6830: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6806: 6805: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6774: 6772: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6742:Bungee jumping 6739: 6738: 6737: 6732: 6721: 6719: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6711: 6706: 6705: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6684: 6683: 6682: 6675:Mountaineering 6672: 6671: 6670: 6668:Mixed climbing 6660: 6658:Crane climbing 6655: 6649: 6647: 6641: 6640: 6638: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6611: 6610: 6605: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6574: 6572: 6566: 6565: 6563: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6531: 6529: 6523: 6522: 6520: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6508: 6507: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6421: 6419: 6413: 6412: 6407: 6405: 6404: 6397: 6390: 6382: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6363: 6361: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6321:Norfolk wherry 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6292: 6290: 6286: 6285: 6283: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6246: 6244: 6240: 6239: 6237: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6219:Trailer sailer 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6199:Pocket cruiser 6196: 6191: 6186: 6180: 6178: 6174: 6173: 6171: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6064: 6062: 6058: 6057: 6054: 6053: 6051: 6050: 6048:Montagu whaler 6044: 6042: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5998: 5997: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5971: 5969: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5891: 5886: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5824: 5822: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5809: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5730: 5728: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5684: 5682: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5598: 5596: 5594:Post-classical 5590: 5589: 5587: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5560: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5512:Borobudur ship 5509: 5504: 5498: 5496: 5487: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5315: 5313: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5270:Jackass-barque 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5231: 5229: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5191:Ljungström rig 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5152: 5150: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5121: 5119: 5115: 5114: 5104: 5102: 5101: 5094: 5087: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5067: 5064:FollowTheWinds 5061: 5058:WindsurfingMag 5055: 5052:Continentseven 5049: 5042: 5041:External links 5039: 5036: 5035: 5021: 5003: 4985: 4960: 4946: 4932: 4918: 4904: 4890: 4876: 4852: 4834: 4816: 4798: 4780: 4777:. 20 May 2014. 4762: 4744: 4726: 4711: 4682: 4657: 4644: 4624: 4610: 4589: 4575: 4557: 4536: 4518: 4500: 4469: 4455: 4441: 4420: 4399: 4375: 4357: 4342:"Naish, Robby" 4333: 4312: 4291: 4269: 4260: 4235: 4208: 4183: 4153: 4136: 4124: 4110: 4080: 4063: 4038: 4010: 3992: 3953: 3928: 3900: 3875: 3850: 3836: 3824:"Our Heritage" 3815: 3803:PWA World Tour 3785: 3746: 3732: 3729:. 8 July 2022. 3699: 3689: 3664: 3645: 3642:. August 1965. 3636:"Sailboarding" 3627: 3620: 3601: 3594: 3575: 3561: 3528: 3510: 3496: 3475: 3445: 3431: 3417: 3399: 3381: 3370: 3356: 3331: 3316:"Our Heritage" 3300: 3289:PWA World Tour 3268: 3224: 3199: 3175: 3161: 3136: 3112: 3090: 3071: 3052: 3033: 3008: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2975: 2974: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2951: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2937: 2932: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2919: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2907: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2889: 2887: 2886: 2879: 2872: 2864: 2857: 2854: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2806: 2800: 2792: 2786: 2780: 2774: 2766: 2758: 2752: 2746: 2743:Natalie Siebel 2740: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2695: 2692:Antoine Martin 2689: 2683: 2677: 2674:Bernd Roediger 2671: 2665: 2659: 2653: 2647: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2547: 2541: 2535: 2529: 2517: 2511: 2503: 2495: 2492:Antoine Albeau 2489: 2481: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2420: 2418: 2411: 2405: 2402: 2396: 2393: 2389:Continentseven 2383: 2380: 2374: 2371: 2365: 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1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1856: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1833: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1810: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1787: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1764: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1718: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1649: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1580: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1557: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1488: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1451: 1445: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1403: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1328:November 2012 1326: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1316:Antoine Albeau 1313: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1267:Antoine Albeau 1244: 1241: 1235: 1232: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1219: 1216: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1186: 1183: 1140:Main article: 1137: 1134: 1112: 1109: 1084: 1083: 1071:sailing events 1062:Main article: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1038:water treading 983: 980: 951:points of sail 938: 935: 929: 926: 921: 918: 912: 909: 908: 907: 901: 898: 893: 888: 883: 874: 868: 861:elastic joints 857: 847: 842: 729:Main article: 722: 721: 711: 705: 699: 693: 686:in the 1980s ( 664: 642: 636: 622:thermoplastics 616:and sometimes 562: 559: 553: 550: 505:Peter Chilvers 462:Hayling Island 458:Peter Chilvers 424: 421: 377: 374: 335:Marina del Rey 271: 268: 222:Peter Chilvers 119: 116: 86:Peter Chilvers 78: 75: 25:Columbia River 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8347: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8312: 8310: 8295: 8287: 8285: 8277: 8276: 8273: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8256:Sailing races 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8237: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8190:Dinghy racing 8188: 8186: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8178: 8174: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8156: 8153: 8152: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8095:Riverboarding 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8079: 8076: 8075: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8016: 8012: 8006: 8003: 7999: 7996: 7995: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7977: 7974: 7973: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7963: 7961: 7959: 7955: 7951: 7944: 7939: 7937: 7932: 7930: 7925: 7924: 7921: 7909: 7906: 7905: 7903: 7899: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7866: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7826: 7824: 7822: 7818: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7728: 7726: 7724: 7723:Organizations 7720: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7578:Copa Movistar 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7546: 7542: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7484: 7478: 7477:United States 7475: 7471: 7468: 7467: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7378: 7374: 7371: 7367: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7327: 7325: 7321: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7286: 7284: 7280: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7268:South African 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7205: 7203: 7199: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7167:Surf kayaking 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7147:River surfing 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7117:Bellyboarding 7115: 7113: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7103: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7088: 7085: 7081: 7074: 7069: 7067: 7062: 7060: 7055: 7054: 7051: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7033:Ultramarathon 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6974: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6945: 6941: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6905: 6899: 6896: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6883: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6867: 6859: 6856: 6855: 6854: 6851: 6847: 6846:Freestyle BMX 6844: 6842: 6839: 6838: 6837: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6827: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6804: 6801: 6800: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6769: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6752:Cliff jumping 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6727: 6726: 6723: 6722: 6720: 6716: 6710: 6707: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6689: 6688: 6687:Rock climbing 6685: 6681: 6678: 6677: 6676: 6673: 6669: 6666: 6665: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6646: 6642: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6600: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6575: 6573: 6571: 6567: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6532: 6530: 6528: 6524: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6506: 6505:River surfing 6503: 6502: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6495:Street luging 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6470:Skateboarding 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6460:Riverboarding 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6425:Bellyboarding 6423: 6422: 6420: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6403: 6398: 6396: 6391: 6389: 6384: 6383: 6380: 6368: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6358: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6287: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6243:Special terms 6241: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6209:Sailing yacht 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6175: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6065: 6063: 6059: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6039: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5972: 5970: 5966: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5899: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5875: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5838:East Indiaman 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5828:Bermuda sloop 5826: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5802: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5725: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5679: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5591: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5491: 5488: 5482: 5481:sailing ships 5476: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5307: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5223: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5147: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5100: 5095: 5093: 5088: 5086: 5081: 5080: 5077: 5071: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5044: 5040: 5031: 5025: 5022: 5017: 5013: 5007: 5004: 4999: 4995: 4989: 4986: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4961: 4956: 4950: 4947: 4942: 4936: 4933: 4928: 4922: 4919: 4914: 4908: 4905: 4900: 4894: 4891: 4886: 4880: 4877: 4866: 4862: 4856: 4853: 4848: 4844: 4838: 4835: 4830: 4826: 4820: 4817: 4812: 4808: 4802: 4799: 4794: 4790: 4789:"Josh Angulo" 4784: 4781: 4776: 4772: 4766: 4763: 4758: 4754: 4748: 4745: 4740: 4736: 4730: 4727: 4722: 4715: 4712: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4686: 4683: 4671: 4667: 4661: 4658: 4647: 4645:9780851128788 4641: 4637: 4636: 4628: 4625: 4620: 4614: 4611: 4606: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4590: 4585: 4579: 4576: 4571: 4567: 4561: 4558: 4553: 4549: 4543: 4541: 4537: 4532: 4528: 4522: 4519: 4514: 4510: 4504: 4501: 4489: 4483: 4479: 4473: 4470: 4465: 4459: 4456: 4451: 4445: 4442: 4430: 4424: 4421: 4409: 4403: 4400: 4389: 4385: 4379: 4376: 4371: 4367: 4361: 4358: 4347: 4343: 4337: 4334: 4322: 4316: 4313: 4309: 4308: 4304: 4301: 4295: 4292: 4280: 4273: 4270: 4264: 4261: 4249: 4245: 4239: 4236: 4223: 4219: 4212: 4209: 4197: 4193: 4187: 4184: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4157: 4154: 4149: 4143: 4141: 4137: 4131: 4129: 4125: 4122: 4117: 4115: 4111: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4084: 4081: 4076: 4070: 4068: 4064: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4039: 4027: 4020: 4014: 4011: 4006: 4002: 3996: 3993: 3988: 3982: 3968: 3964: 3957: 3954: 3942: 3938: 3932: 3929: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3889: 3885: 3879: 3876: 3864: 3860: 3854: 3851: 3846: 3840: 3837: 3825: 3819: 3816: 3804: 3800: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3781: 3775: 3761: 3757: 3750: 3747: 3742: 3736: 3733: 3728: 3724: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3690:9780873227605 3686: 3682: 3677: 3676: 3668: 3665: 3660: 3656: 3649: 3646: 3641: 3637: 3631: 3628: 3623: 3621:9788497453318 3617: 3613: 3612: 3605: 3602: 3597: 3595:9781741046755 3591: 3587: 3586: 3579: 3576: 3571: 3565: 3562: 3549: 3545: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3524: 3520: 3514: 3511: 3506: 3500: 3497: 3492: 3488: 3482: 3480: 3476: 3464: 3460: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3446: 3441: 3435: 3432: 3427: 3421: 3418: 3413: 3409: 3403: 3400: 3395: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3379: 3374: 3371: 3366: 3360: 3357: 3346: 3342: 3335: 3332: 3321: 3317: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3301: 3290: 3286: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3258: 3244: 3240: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3225: 3213: 3209: 3203: 3200: 3189: 3185: 3179: 3176: 3171: 3165: 3162: 3151:on 2020-01-29 3150: 3146: 3140: 3137: 3126: 3122: 3116: 3113: 3108: 3104: 3097: 3095: 3091: 3086: 3082: 3075: 3072: 3067: 3063: 3056: 3053: 3048: 3044: 3037: 3034: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3009: 2998: 2994: 2987: 2984: 2977: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2945: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2906: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2885: 2880: 2878: 2873: 2871: 2866: 2865: 2862: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2847: 2846:can be used. 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2809: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2771: 2770:Jessica Crisp 2767: 2764: 2763: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2731:Lisa Penfield 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2719:Julie de Werd 2717: 2714: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2701: 2700: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2668:Camille Juban 2666: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2644: 2643:Philip Köster 2640: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2552: 2551:Jason Polakow 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2504: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2486: 2482: 2479: 2478: 2474: 2473: 2469: 2461: 2458: 2450: 2440: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2426: 2419: 2410: 2409: 2403: 2401: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2381: 2379: 2372: 2370: 2363: 2361: 2354: 2352: 2345: 2343: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2330: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2317: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2307: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2284: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2271: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2238: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2215: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2192: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2169: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2146: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2123: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2100: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2077: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2064: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2031: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2008: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1995: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1985: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1962: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1939: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1916: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1893: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1857: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1847: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1811: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1801: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1788: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1732: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 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1268: 1264: 1259: 1257: 1256:World Sailing 1253: 1249: 1242: 1240: 1233: 1231: 1225: 1223: 1217: 1214: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1202: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1184: 1182: 1180: 1175: 1171: 1168: 1164: 1163:World Sailing 1160: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1136:Formula class 1135: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1110: 1108: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1080: 1079: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1065: 1058:Olympic class 1057: 1052: 1047: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1034: 1033:waterstarting 1029: 1025: 1022: 1017: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 988: 981: 979: 977: 973: 972:Fall recovery 969: 966: 962: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 936: 934: 927: 925: 919: 917: 910: 906: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 882: 878: 875: 872: 869: 866: 862: 858: 855: 854:surfboard fin 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 837: 836: 835: 831: 827: 823: 821: 815: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 792: 789: 784: 779: 777: 772: 770: 765: 761: 757: 752: 750: 746: 742: 738: 732: 727: 726: 719: 715: 712: 709: 706: 703: 700: 697: 696:Slalom boards 694: 689: 688:Poole Harbour 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