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208:. In contrast, a raft is buoyant because it joins components that are themselves buoyant, for example, logs, bamboo poles, bundles of reeds, floats (such as inflated hides, sealed pottery containers or, in a modern context, empty oil drums). The key difference between a raft and a boat is that the former is a "flow through" structure, with waves able to pass up through it. Consequently, except for short river crossings, a raft is not a practical means of transport in colder regions of the world as the users would be at risk of
453:
517:(aka "glass fiber") became popular, especially for recreational boats. Fiberglass is also known as "GRP" (glass-reinforced plastic) in the UK, and "FRP" (for fiber-reinforced plastic) in the US. Fiberglass boats are strong and do not rust, corrode, or rot. Instead, they are susceptible to structural degradation from sunlight and extremes in temperature over their lifespan. Fiberglass structures can be made stiffer with sandwich panels, where the fiberglass encloses a lightweight core such as balsa or foam.
40:
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its weight in water, regardless whether it is made of wood, steel, fiberglass, or even concrete. If weight is added to the boat, the volume of the hull drawn below the waterline will increase to keep the balance above and below the surface equal. Boats have a natural or designed level of buoyancy.
490:
boat construction was patented by the French, who coined the name "ferciment". This is a system by which a steel or iron wire framework is built in the shape of a boat's hull and covered over with cement. Reinforced with bulkheads and other internal structures it is strong but heavy, easily repaired,
250:
Plank-built boats are considered, in most cases, to have developed from the logboat. There are examples of logboats that have been expanded: by deforming the hull under the influence of heat, by raising up the sides with added planks, or by splitting down the middle and adding a central plank to make
502:
in 1855) cheapened the cost of steel, steel ships and boats began to be more common. By the 1930s boats built entirely of steel from frames to plating were seen replacing wooden boats in many industrial uses and fishing fleets. Private recreational boats of steel remain uncommon. In 1895 WH Mullins
523:
is a modern construction method, using wood as the structural component. In one cold molding process, very thin strips of wood are layered over a form. Each layer is coated with resin, followed by another directionally alternating layer laid on top. Subsequent layers may be stapled or otherwise
271:
251:
it wider. (Some of these methods have been in quite recent use – there is no simple developmental sequence). The earliest known plank-built boats are from the Nile, dating to the third millennium BC. Outside Egypt, the next earliest are from
England. The
246:
in Assen, Netherlands. Other very old dugout boats have also been recovered. Hide boats, made from covering a framework with animal skins, could be equally as old as logboats, but such a structure is much less likely to survive in an archaeological context.
677:
Europe is the main producer of recreational boats (the second production in the world is located in Poland). European brands are known all over the world - in fact, these are the brands that created RCD and set the standard for shipyards around the world.
524:
mechanically fastened to the previous, or weighted or vacuum bagged to provide compression and stabilization until the resin sets. An alternative process uses thin sheets of plywood shaped over a disposable male mold, and coated with epoxy.
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Exceeding it will cause the boat first to ride lower in the water, second to take on water more readily than when properly loaded, and ultimately, if overloaded by any combination of structure, cargo, and water, sink.
510:
gained widespread popularity. Though much more expensive than steel, aluminum alloys exist that do not corrode in salt water, allowing a similar load carrying capacity to steel at much less weight.
255:
are dated to the early part of the second millennium BC and the end of the third millennium. Plank-built boats require a level of woodworking technology that was first available in the
430:
212:. Today that climatic limitation restricts rafts to between 40° north and 40° south, with, in the past, similar boundaries that have moved as the world's climate has varied.
204:
by obtaining its buoyancy by having most of its structure exclude water with a waterproof layer, e.g. the planks of a wooden hull, the hide covering (or tarred canvas) of a
393:
may protrude above the deck forward, aft, along the centerline, or cover much of the length of the boat. Vertical structures dividing the internal spaces are known as
2034:
310:
Towed – either by humans or animals from a river or canal bank (or in very shallow water, by walking on the sea or river bed) or by another vessel.
464:
Until the mid-19th century, most boats were made of natural materials, primarily wood, although bark and animal skins were also used. Early boats include the
1079:
Williams, Charles
Frederic (1895), "Vessel", in Merrill, John Houston; Williams, Charles Frederic; Michie, Thomas Johnson; Garland, David Shephard (eds.),
170:
339:. Though large enough to carry their own boats and heavy cargo, these vessels are designed for operation on inland or protected coastal waters.
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Mullins also offered boats in aluminum from 1895 through 1899 and once again in the 1920s, but it was not until the mid-20th century that
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As commercial vessels must be correctly loaded to be safe, and as the sea becomes less buoyant in brackish areas such as the
197:. These would have been used for voyages such as the settlement of Australia sometime between 50,000 and 60,000 years ago.
88:
Boats vary in proportion and construction methods with their intended purpose, available materials, or local traditions.
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1807:
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As the forests of
Britain and Europe continued to be over-harvested to supply the keels of larger wooden boats, and the
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1976:
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have been used since prehistoric times and remain in use throughout the world for transportation, fishing, and sport.
365:
is a boat's "backbone", a lengthwise structural member to which the perpendicular frames are fixed. On some boats, a
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Class D - the boat is limited to rivers, canals and small lakes. (Winds up to Force 4 & waves up to 0.5 metres)
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By the mid-19th century, some boats had been built with iron or steel frames but still planked in wood. In 1855
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Class C - the boat is limited to inshore (coastal) navigation. (Winds up to Force 6 & waves up to 2 metres)
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produced steel boats of galvanized iron and by 1930 became the world's largest producer of pleasure boats.
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A maritime archaeology of ships: innovation and social change in late medieval and early modern Europe
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Class B - the boat is limited to offshore navigation. (Winds up to Force 8 & waves up to 4 metres)
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Since 1998 all new leisure boats and barges built in Europe between 2.5m and 24m must comply with the
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is the main, and in some cases only, structural component of a boat. It provides both capacity and
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66:, which is distinguished by its larger size or capacity, its shape, or its ability to carry boats.
1085:, The American and English Encyclopædia of Law, vol. 28, Edward Thompson Company, p. 440
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are a prime example. Other types of large vessels which are traditionally called boats include
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often has several decks, a boat is unlikely to have more than one. Above the deck are often
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Any one vessel may use more than one of these methods at different times or in combination.
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are used to move cargo to and from large ships unable to get close to shore.
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656:(RCD). The Directive establishes four categories that permit the allowable
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1055:"The Saga of the Submarine: Early Years to the Beginning of Nuclear Power"
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Boats can be categorized by their means of propulsion. These divide into:
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1996:
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terms, a boat is a vessel small enough to be carried aboard a ship.
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Unpowered. This involves drifting with the tide or a river current.
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of a large range of types and sizes, but generally smaller than a
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that was constructed somewhere between 8200 and 7600 BC. This
77:, or in protected coastal areas. However, some boats (such as
1249:(enter search term "vessels" for images of boats and vessels)
323:
A number of large vessels are usually referred to as boats.
30:
This article is about the small vessel. For other uses, see
259:
with more complex versions only becoming achievable in the
224:
or hide boats. The oldest recovered boat in the world, the
69:
Small boats are typically used on inland waterways such as
1245:
University of
Washington Libraries Digital Collections –
1027:
Early ships and seafaring : European water transport
538:
The most common means of boat propulsion are as follows:
1029:. South Yorkshire, England: Pen and Sword Archaeology.
96:
vary widely in style partly to match local conditions.
232:, is a dugout made from the hollowed tree trunk of a
952:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 431.
193:
The earliest watercraft are considered to have been
116:
may be used for vacationing or long-term residence.
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2783:
2707:
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2633:
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2122:
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1866:
1725:
1589:
1288:
826:"Bluejacket's Manual - Of Ships and Boats and . . "
491:and, if sealed properly, will not leak or corrode.
1097:
664:Class A - the boat may safely navigate any waters.
408:. Facing forward the right side is referred to as
1132:Ferro-cement: design, techniques, and application
189:Differentiation from other prehistoric watercraft
1207:"The Barge Buyer's Handbook" - DBA publications
1104:. New York: Little, Brown and Company. p.
1020:
1018:
974:"8,000-year-old dug out canoe on show in Italy"
660:and wave conditions for vessels in each class:
845:
843:
2761:
2028:
1268:
1100:Cold: Adventures in the World's Frozen Places
8:
992:
990:
292:Powered by the crew-members on board, using
81:) were intended for offshore use. In modern
369:covers the hull, in part or whole. While a
2768:
2754:
2746:
2035:
2021:
2013:
1275:
1261:
1253:
1135:. Cambridge, Md.: Cornell Maritime Press.
127:Boats can be propelled by manpower (e.g.
400:The forward end of a boat is called the
220:The earliest boats may have been either
1165:"Ferrocement – The World of Ferroboats"
854:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
816:
640:was introduced to prevent overloading.
881:Archeology of ships in the Netherlands
174:Silver model of a boat, tomb PG 789,
7:
3116:
1225:"Cabin boats manufactured in Europe"
1057:. United States Navy. Archived from
513:Around the mid-1960s, boats made of
389:, or some combination of the two. A
1183:WH Mullins boat history, Salem Ohio
824:Cutler, Thomas J. (October 2017).
124:have rescue and safety functions.
25:
3115:
3106:
3105:
2730:
2729:
2113:
1247:Freshwater and Marine Image Bank
877:Scheepsarcheologie in Nederland
1867:Unpowered vessels and smaller
926:. China.org.cn. Archived from
275:Boats with sails in Bangladesh
1:
875:Van der Heide, G. D. (1974).
644:European Union classification
439:
27:Vessel for transport by water
1808:Rigid-hulled inflatable boat
1731:Steamships and motor vessels
654:Recreational Craft Directive
2777:Water sports and activities
2075:Fishery Protection Squadron
1657:Mine countermeasures vessel
1082:Utmost care to Watercourses
3168:
887:: Strengholt. p. 507.
617:
531:
471:, the animal hide-covered
423:
349:Glossary of nautical terms
346:
278:
181:
29:
3101:
2725:
2132:Traditional fishing boats
2111:
1051:Chief of Naval Operations
976:. Stone Pages Archeo News
794:Traditional fishing boats
2060:Commercial fishing boats
1289:Sailing vessels and rigs
1283:Types of ships and boats
997:Adams, Jonathan (2013).
483:made from a single log.
1602:Amphibious assault ship
1129:Bingham, Bruce (1974).
1096:Streever, Bill (2009).
1001:. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
924:"Oldest Boat Unearthed"
3027:Outrigger canoe racing
2709:Builders and designers
1025:McGrail, Sean (2014).
948:McGrail, Sean (2001).
850:McGrail, Sean (2001).
830:Naval History Magazine
461:
449:
329:Great Lakes freighters
276:
200:A boat differs from a
179:
51:
3037:Synchronized swimming
899:"World's oldest boat"
455:
433:
412:and the left side as
347:Further information:
274:
182:Further information:
173:
42:
32:Boat (disambiguation)
1541:Thames sailing barge
572:personal water craft
242:is exhibited in the
176:Royal Cemetery of Ur
102:recreational boating
3032:Synchronized diving
2842:Activities on water
2785:Activities in water
1823:Surface effect ship
1061:on January 14, 2009
799:Tûranor PlanetSolar
104:include ski boats,
3022:Dragon boat racing
1431:Hermaphrodite brig
1396:Fore & Aft rig
950:Boats of the World
852:Boats of the World
749:Naval architecture
553:(Inboard/outboard)
462:
450:
420:Building materials
404:, the aft end the
385:perhaps topped by
281:List of boat types
277:
180:
52:
3152:Fishing equipment
3129:
3128:
3078:Modern pentathlon
2743:
2742:
2010:
2009:
1607:Armed merchantman
1501:Sailing hydrofoil
959:978-0-19-814468-7
861:978-0-19-814468-7
534:Marine propulsion
456:Fishing boats in
445:), photograph by
434:Traditional Toba
16:(Redirected from
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3109:
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3057:Water volleyball
3047:Water basketball
2770:
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2732:
2717:Philip C. Bolger
2397:Monterey clipper
2277:Friendship sloop
2117:
2090:Research vessels
2037:
2030:
2023:
2014:
1813:Roll-on/Roll-off
1727:Merchant vessels
1702:Submarine tender
1687:Ship of the line
1597:Aircraft carrier
1590:Military vessels
1511:Ship of the line
1406:Full-rigged ship
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447:Kristen Feilberg
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235:Pinus sylvestris
184:Maritime history
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1962:Outrigger canoe
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228:, found in the
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178:, 2600–2500 BCE
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135:), wind (e.g.
43:A recreational
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1008:9781782970453
1004:
1000:
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975:
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944:
941:
930:on 2009-01-02
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905:on 2013-05-29
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426:Boat building
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253:Ferriby boats
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244:Drents Museum
241:
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50:
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37:
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3093:Yacht racing
3066:Competitions
2977:Water skiing
2962:Wakeboarding
2937:Skimboarding
2895:Kneeboarding
2885:Kiteboarding
2865:Cable skiing
2855:Bodyboarding
2825:synchronized
2810:Scuba diving
2803:synchronized
2686:Recreational
2634:Oyster boats
2292:Herring buss
2202:Chasse-marée
1977:Racing boats
1868:
1743:Bulk carrier
1712:Torpedo boat
1692:Sloop-of-war
1667:Missile boat
1228:
1219:
1203:
1188:
1179:
1168:. Retrieved
1159:
1131:
1124:
1099:
1091:
1081:
1074:
1063:. Retrieved
1059:the original
1045:
1026:
998:
978:. Retrieved
968:
949:
943:
932:. Retrieved
928:the original
918:
907:. Retrieved
903:the original
893:
880:
876:
870:
851:
833:
829:
819:
769:Rescue craft
754:Panga (boat)
724:Halkett boat
676:
647:
631:
623:
600:setting pole
562:Paddle wheel
537:
521:Cold molding
519:
512:
505:
493:
488:ferro-cement
485:
481:dugout canoe
463:
399:
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322:
284:
249:
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199:
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133:paddle boats
126:
87:
68:
55:
53:
36:
3073:Boat racing
3004:Team sports
2989:Windsurfing
2972:Wakesurfing
2967:Wakeskating
2912:Parasailing
2890:Kiteboating
2860:Bodysurfing
2793:Aquajogging
2124:Traditional
1922:Dragon boat
1892:Cable ferry
1838:Train ferry
1818:Supertanker
1798:Ocean liner
1793:Lightvessel
1763:Cruise ship
1758:Cruiseferry
1707:Survey ship
1682:Royal Yacht
1677:Patrol boat
1456:Mersey Flat
1306:Bermuda rig
1301:Barquentine
779:Ship's boat
566:Water jet (
551:Stern drive
443: 1870
343:Terminology
313:Powered by
303:Powered by
230:Netherlands
226:Pesse canoe
210:hypothermia
150:(including
114:House boats
3147:Watercraft
3136:Categories
3052:Water polo
3012:Canoe polo
2815:Snorkeling
2625:Swampscott
2615:Gloucester
2572:Well smack
2467:Peter boat
2272:Frejgatina
2085:Longliners
2052:Commercial
1853:Water taxi
1778:Hovercraft
1622:Battleship
1566:Windsurfer
1561:Windjammer
1531:Square rig
1426:Gunter rig
1321:Brigantine
1170:2022-12-26
1065:2008-10-03
980:2008-08-17
934:2008-05-05
909:2013-11-08
811:References
744:Narrowboat
579:hovercraft
532:See also:
528:Propulsion
515:fiberglass
466:birch bark
424:See also:
379:stanchions
337:ferryboats
333:riverboats
325:Submarines
261:Bronze Age
79:whaleboats
60:watercraft
3088:Triathlon
2694:Bass boat
2666:Schooners
2656:Log canoe
2512:Shad boat
2487:Reed boat
2482:Pump boat
2437:Panineman
2362:Lepa-lepa
2297:Ipanitika
2282:Gableboat
2257:Fembøring
2137:Armadahan
2002:Whaleboat
1887:Bull Boat
1783:Hydrofoil
1748:Catamaran
1697:Submarine
1662:Minelayer
1637:Destroyer
1536:Tall ship
1461:Multihull
1336:Catamaran
1197:catamaran
789:Tour boat
739:Log canoe
704:Car float
626:displaces
508:aluminium
410:starboard
395:bulkheads
375:lifelines
315:machinery
257:neolithic
137:sailboats
122:Lifeboats
110:sailboats
45:motorboat
18:Workboats
3111:Category
2994:Yachting
2982:barefoot
2942:Skurfing
2880:Kayaking
2870:Canoeing
2820:Swimming
2735:Category
2676:Skipjack
2651:Deadrise
2646:Buy-boat
2610:Cape Ann
2557:Voadeira
2527:Sneakbox
2517:Sixareen
2497:Salambaw
2452:Patorani
2427:Paduwang
2407:Nordland
2387:Mackinaw
2367:Lis-alis
2302:Jongkong
2162:Basnigan
2100:Trawlers
2065:Drifters
1952:Lifeboat
1788:Lifeboat
1773:Fireboat
1627:Corvette
1546:Trimaran
1506:Schooner
1451:Longship
1411:Gaff rig
1366:Corvette
1311:Bilander
719:Flatboat
682:See also
620:Buoyancy
614:Buoyancy
596:paddling
583:air boat
500:patented
479:and the
383:bulwarks
359:buoyancy
160:electric
152:gasoline
145:outboard
129:rowboats
118:Lighters
100:used in
47:with an
3121:Commons
2952:Surfing
2932:Sailing
2917:Rafting
2905:standup
2875:Fishing
2850:Boating
2671:Sharpie
2477:Poveiro
2472:Pirogue
2417:Orembai
2307:Jangada
2262:Ferilla
2252:Felucca
2247:Falkuša
2227:Currach
2217:Coracle
2192:Camakau
2177:Bokkura
2105:Whalers
2095:Seiners
1992:Rowboat
1967:Parisal
1957:Lighter
1942:Gondola
1927:Dredger
1907:Currach
1902:Coracle
1882:Birlinn
1848:Tugboat
1843:Trawler
1833:Towboat
1738:Airboat
1717:Trawler
1672:Monitor
1642:Frigate
1632:Cruiser
1486:Polacca
1421:Galleon
1401:Frigate
1346:Clipper
1341:Catboat
1331:Carrack
1326:Caravel
1194:Iroqois
885:Naarden
883:].
764:Poveiro
759:Pirogue
624:A boat
607:sailing
568:jetboat
542:Engine
477:coracle
460:, India
387:gunnels
298:punting
222:dugouts
206:currach
166:History
141:inboard
139:), and
3042:Waboba
2957:Tubing
2927:Rowing
2798:Diving
2699:Farley
2641:Bugeye
2597:Dories
2577:Tipnol
2542:Tataya
2537:Tatara
2502:Sampan
2492:Sandeq
2457:Pelang
2442:Paopao
2432:Pajala
2412:Ontang
2392:Mayang
2377:Lugger
2352:Lakana
2347:Kulibo
2342:Korkor
2322:Kajjik
2317:Junkun
2312:Jukung
2242:Dugout
2237:Dogger
2187:CaĂŻque
2167:Bawley
2157:Bangka
1997:Sampan
1937:Galley
1932:Dugout
1912:Dinghy
1858:Whaler
1828:Tanker
1556:Wherry
1416:Galiot
1371:Cutter
1296:Barque
1211:
1151:858712
1149:
1139:
1112:
1033:
1005:
956:
858:
774:Sampan
709:Dinghy
636:, the
634:Baltic
605:Wind (
592:rowing
438:boat (
361:. The
335:, and
158:, and
156:diesel
148:motors
108:, and
90:Canoes
71:rivers
3142:Boats
2661:Pungy
2605:Banks
2552:Vinta
2532:Takia
2522:Smack
2507:Sgoth
2447:Paraw
2422:Owong
2402:Nobby
2382:Luzzu
2372:Londe
2337:Kolae
2332:Kakap
2267:Fifie
2232:Dhoni
2222:Couta
2212:Coble
2207:Chhot
2172:Bigiw
2147:Bagan
2142:Awang
1947:Kayak
1897:Canoe
1877:Barge
1869:boats
1768:Ferry
1576:Yacht
1571:Xebec
1551:Vinta
1521:Smack
1516:Sloop
1446:Ketch
1391:Fluyt
1386:Fifie
1356:Coble
879:[
804:Yacht
784:Skiff
694:Barge
689:Abora
602:etc.)
590:Man (
577:Fan (
473:kayak
469:canoe
436:Batak
406:stern
391:cabin
267:Types
240:canoe
216:Types
195:rafts
83:naval
75:lakes
58:is a
2587:Yoal
2582:Yawl
2567:Waka
2547:Va'a
2357:Lepa
2327:Kaep
2152:Bago
1982:Raft
1972:Punt
1917:Dory
1581:Yawl
1526:Snow
1496:Proa
1491:Pram
1476:Pink
1441:Junk
1376:Dhow
1316:Brig
1209:ISBN
1147:OCLC
1137:ISBN
1110:ISBN
1031:ISBN
1003:ISBN
954:ISBN
856:ISBN
836:(5).
714:Dory
658:wind
475:and
414:port
371:ship
367:deck
363:keel
355:hull
353:The
305:sail
294:oars
202:raft
131:and
73:and
64:ship
56:boat
1466:Nao
1361:Cog
1106:154
652:'s
402:bow
162:).
3138::
2562:Wa
1227:.
1145:.
1108:.
1017:^
989:^
842:^
834:31
832:.
828:.
650:EU
598:,
594:,
581:,
570:,
440:c.
416:.
397:.
381:,
331:,
263:.
154:,
112:.
54:A
2769:e
2762:t
2755:v
2036:e
2029:t
2022:v
1729::
1276:e
1269:t
1262:v
1231:.
1173:.
1153:.
1118:.
1068:.
1039:.
1011:.
983:.
962:.
937:.
912:.
864:.
609:)
585:)
574:)
498:(
307:.
143:/
34:.
20:)
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