1878:
44:
5752:
57:
5728:
1853:
454:. This bacterium rarely completely blocks vascular tissue. There usually is a slight amount of vascular function that keeps the plant alive, but makes its fruit or branches die, making the specific plant economically nonproductive. This can cause a massive drop on supply of quality fruit. Smaller colonies usually occur throughout a high proportion of xylem vessels of a symptomatic plant.
5101:
1733:
When a grape vine becomes infected, the bacterium causes a gel to form in the xylem tissue of the vine, preventing water from being drawn through the vine. Leaves on vines with Pierce's disease turn yellow and brown, and eventually drop off the vine. Shoots also die. After one to five years, the vine
599:
diseases worsen during hot, dry periods in the summer; lack of water and maximum demand from a full canopy of leaves, combined with symptoms due to disease, stress infected plants to a breaking point. Cold winters can limit the spread of the disease, as it occurs in
California, but not in regions
1774:
started to focus their research on this pest. The research explores the different aspects of the disease propagation from the vector to the host plant and within the host plant, to the impact of the disease on
California's economy. All researchers working on Pierce's disease meet annually in San
284:
formation inside their hosts. As demonstrated using a PD-related strain, the bacterium has a characteristic twitching motion that enables groups of bacteria to travel upstream against heavy flow, such as that found in xylem vessels. It is obligately insect-vector transmitted from xylem-feeding
1978:
which is considered to be a different genetic variant of the bacterium to that found in Italy. On 18 August 2016 in
Corsica, 279 foci of the infection have been detected, concentrated mostly in the south and the west of the island. In August 2016, the bacterium was detected in
260:
was the first bacterial plant pathogen to have its genome sequenced, in part because of its importance in agriculture. Due to the significant impacts of this pathogen on agricultural crops around the world, there is substantial investment in scientific research related to
239:
can infect an extremely wide range of plants, many of which do not show any symptoms of disease. Disease occurs in plant species that are susceptible due to blockage of water flow in the xylem vessels caused by several factors: bacterial obstruction, overreaction of the
1932:
of terminal shoots, distributed randomly at first but then expanding to the rest of the canopy resulting in the collapse and death of trees. In affected groves, all plants normally show symptoms. The most severely affected olives are the century-old trees of local
361:
has a two-part lifecycle, which occurs inside an insect vector and inside a susceptible plant. While the bacterium has been found across the globe, only once the bacterium reaches systemic levels do symptoms present themselves. Once established in a new region,
560:
has been shown to infect coffee plants with CLS. The disease has also been found in Costa Rica's
Central Valley where it is referred to as ‘crespera’ disease by coffee growers. Symptoms of the bacterial infection in coffee plants feature curling leaf margins,
2420:
Coletta-Filho, Helvecio Della; Castillo, Andreina I.; Laranjeira, Francisco Ferraz; de
Andrade, Eduardo Chumbinho; Silva, Natalia Teixeira; de Souza, Alessandra Alves; Bossi, Mariana Esteves; Almeida, Rodrigo P. P.; Lopes, João R. S. (1 June 2020).
435:
reduction in size and quality, and overall plant height. As the bacterium progressively colonizes xylem tissues, affected plants often block off their xylem tissue, which can limit the spread of this pathogen; blocking can occur in the form of
2751:
Simpson, A. J. G.; Reinach, F. C.; Arruda, P.; Abreu, F. A.; Acencio, M.; Alvarenga, R.; Alves, L. M. C.; Araya, J. E.; Baia, G. S.; Baptista, C. S.; Barros, M. H.; Bonaccorsi, E. D.; Bordin, S.; Bové, J. M.; Briones, M. R. S. (July 2000).
448:. Occlusion of vascular tissue, while a normal plant response to infection, makes symptoms significantly worse; as the bacterium itself also reduces vascular function, a 90% reduction of vascular hydraulic function was seen in susceptible
4881:
Simpson, A. J. G.; Reinach, F. C.; Arruda, P.; Abreu, F. A.; Acencio, M.; Alvarenga, R.; Alves, L. M. C.; Araya, J. E.; Baia, G. S.; Baptista, C. S.; Barros, M. H.; Bonaccorsi, E. D.; Bordin, S.; Bové, J. M.; Briones, M. R. S. (2000).
712:, it has a short latent period around 2 hours, then the bacterium is transmissible for a period of a few months or as long as the insect is alive. The bacterium multiplies within its vectors, forming a "bacterial carpet" within the
556:. Coffee Leaf Scorch (CLS) is a disease caused by the causal agent Xylella fastidiosa that is economically significant in Brazil. Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), another significant disease in this region caused by a strain of
716:
of its host. If the host sheds its foregut during molting, the vector is no longer infected, but can reacquire the pathogen. At present, no evidence shows that the bacterium has any detrimental effect on its insect hosts.
2246:
Cornara, Daniele; Saponari, Maria; Zeilinger, Adam R.; de
Stradis, Angelo; Boscia, Donato; Loconsole, Giuliana; Bosco, Domenico; Martelli, Giovanni P.; Almeida, Rodrigo P. P.; Porcelli, Francesco (1 March 2017).
3841:
Sicard, Anne; Saponari, Maria; Vanhove, Mathieu; Castillo, Andreina I.; Giampetruzzi, Annalisa; Loconsole, Giuliana; Saldarelli, Pasquale; Boscia, Donato; Neema, Claire; Almeida, Rodrigo P. P. (2021).
2032:
Xylella infection was detected in South
American citrus in the 1980s and subsequently in the USA but had limited spread beyond the America's until the detection in citrus groves in Portugal in 2023.
2499:
Zecharia, Noa; Krasnov, Helena; Vanunu, Miri; Siri, Andreina
Castillo; Haberman, Ami; Dror, Orit; Vakal, Lera; Almeida, Rodrigo P. P.; Blank, Lior; Shtienberg, Dani; Bahar, Ofir (November 2022).
2199:
Redak, Richard A.; Purcell, Alexander H.; Lopes, João R.S.; Blua, Matthew J.; Mizell III, Russell F.; Andersen, Peter C. (3 December 2003). "The biology of xylem fluid–feeding insect vectors of
301:
transmitted, but instead is transmitted through "xylem feed-ing, suctorial homopteran insects such as sharpshooter leafhoppers and spittle bugs" and has been historically difficult to culture (
3786:
Montero-Astúa, Mauricio; Chacón-Díaz, Carlos; Aguilar, Estela; Rodríguez, Carlos Mario; Garita, Laura; Villalobos, William; Moreira, Lisela; Hartung, John S.; Rivera, Carmen (October 2008).
431:-related disease exhibit symptoms of water, zinc, and iron deficiencies, manifesting as leaf scorching and stunting in leaves turning them yellowish-brown, gummy substance around leaves,
5945:
3014:
Coletta-Filho, Helvécio Della; Carvalho, Sérgio Alves; Silva, Luis
Fernando Carvalho; Machado, Marcos Antonio (1 July 2014). "Seven years of negative detection results confirm that
4381:
651:
has a very wide host range; as of 2020, its known host range was 595 plant species, with 343 species confirmed by two different detection methods, in 85 botanical families. Most
573:, Italy in 2013 for the first time as a destructive disease agent of olive trees and likely came from strains present in asymptomatic plant material imported from Costa Rica.
1775:
Diego in mid-December to discuss the progress in their field. All proceedings from this symposium can be found on the Pierce's disease website, developed and managed by the
4552:
327:
is the most studied subspecies, as it is the causal agent of PD; it is thought to have originated in southern
Central America, and also affects other species of plants.
565:
and irregularly shaped leaves, stunting and reduced plant growth, and branch atrophy. The disease reduced coffee production by up to 30% in plantations across Brazil.
460:
is a Gram-negative, xylem-limited illness that is spread by insects. It can damage a variety of broadleaved tree species that are commonly grown in the United States.
2629:
Ingel, Brian; Reyes, Clarissa; Massonnet, Mélanie; Boudreau, Bailey; Sun, Yuling; Sun, Qiang; McElrone, Andrew J.; Cantu, Dario; Roper, M. Caroline (February 2021).
6034:
5906:
3363:
5971:
4744:
4325:
1755:
5654:
4855:
4474:
4630:
3736:
Li, W.-B.; Pria, W. D.; Teixeira, D. C.; Miranda, V. S.; Ayres, A. J.; Franco, C. F.; Costa, M. G.; He, C.-X.; Costa, P. I.; Hartung, J. S. (1 May 2001).
5592:
4316:
4188:
3237:
Cornara, Daniele; Morente, Marina; Markheiser, Anna; Bodino, Nicola; et al. (2019). "An overview on the worldwide vectors of Xylella fastidiosa".
3128:
Sicard, Anne; Zeilinger, Adam R.; Vanhove, Mathieu; Schartel, Tyler E.; Beal, Dylan J.; Daugherty, Matthew P.; Almeida, Rodrigo P.P. (25 August 2018).
5867:
4993:
4077:"Control of Pierce's Disease Through Areawide Management of Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Roguing of Infected Grapevines"
4967:
4656:
5932:
4718:
4002:
4600:
2468:
Su, Chiou-Chu; Chang, Chung Jan; Chang, Che-Ming; Shih, Hsien-Tzung; Tzeng, Kuo-Ching; Jan, Fuh-Jyh; Kao, Chin-Wen; Deng, Wen-Ling (June 2013).
5332:
5164:
5057:
4687:
5208:
3349:
3331:
2580:
Petit, Giai; Bleve, Gianluca; Gallo, Antonia; Mita, Giovanni; Montanaro, Giuseppe; Nuzzo, Vitale; Zambonini, Dario; Pitacco, Andrea (2021).
2387:
3673:
Moralejo, E.; Borràs, D.; Gomila, M.; Montesinos, M.; Adrover, F.; Juan, A.; Nieto, A.; Olmo, D.; Seguí, G.; Landa, B. B. (7 August 2019).
1776:
3267:
Chatterjee, Subhadeep; Almeida, Rodrigo P. P.; Lindow, Steven (4 August 2008). "Living in two Worlds: The Plant and Insect Lifestyles of
6019:
4770:
3688:
1767:
1738:
compounds the threat, because citrus is not only a host of sharpshooter eggs, but also is a popular overwintering site for this insect.
1771:
6029:
5258:
4059:
4010:
2395:
1763:
4436:
2582:"Susceptibility to Xylella fastidiosa and functional xylem anatomy in Olea europaea: revisiting a tale of plant–pathogen interaction"
6024:
5312:
5238:
3390:
1877:
5880:
2049:
1957:
541:
297:
disease. In the wild, infections tend to occur during warmer seasons, when insect vector populations peak. The bacterium is not
3141:
2933:
1795:
1759:
640:
disease development, while plants from areas with harsher winters, such as grapes, are more severely affected by this disease.
1806:) have a natural resistance. Pierce's disease is found in the Southeastern United States and Mexico. Also, it was reported by
694:
can cause significant losses in the citrus and coffee industries; a third of today's citrus crops in Brazil has CVC symptoms.
4029:
3623:
5937:
3905:"Scientific report on the update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 30 June 2019"
5958:
5685:
5317:
4410:
2866:
Meng, Yizhi; Li, Yaxin; Galvani, Cheryl D.; Hao, Guixia; Turner, James N.; Burr, Thomas J.; Hoch, H. C. (15 August 2005).
355:
is thought to have originated in the southern part of the United States, and is notable for causing oleander leaf scorch.
5742:
3371:
Zhang, Shujian; Flores-Cruz, Zomary; Kumar, Dibyendu; Chakrabarty, Pranjib; Hopkins, Donald L.; Gabriel, Dean W. (2011).
5695:
4232:
2501:"Xylella fastidiosa Outbreak in Israel: Population Genetics, Host Range, and Temporal and Spatial Distribution Analysis"
1917:
218:
1746:
In a unique effort, growers, administrators, policy makers, and researchers are working on a solution for this immense
5919:
5337:
1905:
and other zones of Apulia, though it had not previously been confirmed in Europe. The subspecies involved in Italy is
1822:
became apparent in Europe, posing a serious, real threat. There are isolated hot spots of the disease near creeks in
600:
with milder winters such as Brazil. Additionally, dry summers seem to delay symptom development of PD in California.
423:
Significant variation in symptoms is seen between diseases, though some symptoms are expressed across species. On a
5464:
4339:
Moore, James N.; Clark, John R.; Kamas, James; Stein, Larry; Tarkington, Friench; Tarkington, Martha (1 May 2011).
3998:
3150:
1706:
1674:
is commonly used in decorative landscaping in California, so the plants serve as widely distributed reservoirs for
1663:
700:
also colonizes the foreguts of insect vectors, which can be any xylem-feeding insects, often sharpshooters in the
5976:
5659:
5557:
5469:
5387:
5201:
4574:
3679:
1909:, which shows a marked preference for olive trees and warm conditions and is thought to be unlikely to spread to
4340:
3129:
2811:"Money Matters: Fueling Rapid Recent Insight Into Xylella fastidiosa—An Important and Expanding Global Pathogen"
347:
is believed to have originated in South America. It is the causal agent of citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) in
56:
6039:
5587:
5567:
4311:
4192:
2631:"Xylella fastidiosa causes transcriptional shifts that precede tylose formation and starch depletion in xylem"
636:
regions, are more susceptible to symptom development. Thus, plants from warmer climates are more resistant to
366:
spread is dependent on the obligate transmission by xylem-sap feeding insect. Within susceptible plant hosts,
5669:
5522:
5263:
5243:
5116:
4117:
3381:
2067:
1934:
286:
170:
5806:
5013:
Wells, J. M.; Raju, B. C.; Hung, H.-Y.; Weisburg, W. G.; Mandelco-Paul, L.; Brenner, D. J. (1 April 1987).
4250:
Jiménez A., L.G. (July–September 1985). "Evidencia inmunológica del mal de pierce de la vid en Venezuela".
2688:"Detection and Visualization of an Exopolysaccharide Produced by Xylella fastidiosa In Vitro and In Planta"
1807:
5768:
5690:
5544:
5397:
4144:"Overwintering Habits of Homalodisca coagulata, the Principal Natural Vector of Phony Peach Disease Virus"
2470:"Pierce's Disease of Grapevines in Taiwan: Isolation, Cultivation and Pathogenicity of Xylella fastidiosa"
1702:
202:
4997:
4971:
4695:
678:
Due to the temperate climates of South America and the southeastern and west coast of the United States,
214:
5626:
5572:
5392:
4664:
2147:
Krugner, Rodrigo; Sisterson, Mark S; Backus, Elaine A; Burbank, Lindsey P; Redak, Richard A (May 2019).
2098:
Rapicavoli, Jeannette; Ingel, Brian; Blanco-Ulate, Barbara; Cantu, Dario; Roper, Caroline (April 2018).
2061:
206:
198:
186:
141:
618:
4771:"Detectada en Madrid la presencia de una bacteria que obligó a arrancar un millón de olivos en Italia"
5986:
5841:
5731:
5194:
4899:
3027:
2699:
2342:
2045:
1901:. The disease caused rapid decline in olive grove yields, and by April 2015, was affecting the whole
1842:
genes, the next 75%, the third 87% and the fourth 94%. In the spring of 2007, seedlings that are 94%
1662:, starting in the mid-1990s. This disease is transmitted by a type of leafhopper (insect) called the
280:
on only one pole; longer, type IV pili are used for locomotion, while shorter, type I pili assist in
5644:
5621:
5170:
5072:
2074:
1966:
1949:
1698:
302:
210:
88:
5127:
2686:
Roper, M. Caroline; Greve, L. Carl; Labavitch, John M.; Kirkpatrick, Bruce C. (15 November 2007).
2555:"Update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 30 June 2021"
1721:
when the glassy-winged sharpshooter, native to the Southeast United States, was discovered in the
5352:
5165:"XF-ACTORS "Xylella Fastidiosa Active Containment Through a multidisciplinary-Oriented Research""
4294:
3823:
3788:"Isolation and molecular characterization of Xylella fastidiosa from coffee plants in Costa Rica"
3712:
3661:
3428:
3357:
3178:
3051:
2848:
2791:
2536:
2450:
2366:
2178:
1961:
1827:
225:–related diseases have occurred in the Americas and Europe, this pathogen has also been found in
51:
3737:
3490:"Vascular Occlusions in Grapevines with Pierce's Disease Make Disease Symptom Development Worse"
2304:
43:
5911:
4858:[Portugal detects 'Xylella fastidiosa' in citrus fruits for the first time in the EU].
4051:
5828:
5582:
5149:(Xylella Fastidiosa Active Containment Through a multidisciplinary-Oriented Research Strategy)
5044:
4925:
4917:
4533:
4362:
4286:
4163:
4098:
4055:
4025:
4016:
4006:
3944:
3926:
3882:
3864:
3815:
3807:
3765:
3757:
3704:
3653:
3635:
3583:
3575:
3527:
3509:
3461:
3420:
3402:
3345:
3337:
3327:
3296:
3288:
3170:
3162:
3105:
3097:
3043:
2996:
2975:"Populations of Xylella fastidiosa in Plants Required for Transmission by an Efficient Vector"
2909:
2891:
2840:
2832:
2783:
2775:
2733:
2715:
2668:
2650:
2611:
2528:
2520:
2442:
2358:
2286:
2268:
2228:
2220:
2170:
2129:
2100:"Xylella fastidiosa : an examination of a re-emerging plant pathogen: Xylella fastidiosa"
2013:
1995:
1902:
856:
633:
604:
531:
424:
5996:
2331:"The olive quick decline syndrome in south-east Italy: a threatening phytosanitary emergency"
5613:
5562:
5512:
5034:
4907:
4523:
4513:
4352:
4155:
4088:
3934:
3916:
3872:
3854:
3799:
3749:
3696:
3643:
3627:
3565:
3517:
3501:
3410:
3394:
3280:
3246:
3154:
3089:
3035:
2986:
2899:
2883:
2822:
2765:
2723:
2707:
2658:
2642:
2601:
2593:
2512:
2481:
2434:
2350:
2276:
2260:
2212:
2160:
2119:
2111:
1921:
1866:
1823:
1697:(1856–1916; California's first professional plant pathologist) on grapes in California near
1694:
1542:
1536:
1338:
852:
806:
503:
441:
388:
315:
can be divided into four subspecies that affect different plants and have separate origins.
108:
4747:[Preventive tree lysing in the first case of Xylella fastidiosa on the peninsula].
3284:
5705:
5664:
5649:
5440:
5430:
4320:
3966:
3692:
3474:
2216:
1910:
1722:
1718:
1426:
1120:
98:
4657:"Xylella : carte et liste des communes en zones délimitées en Corse au 18 août 2016"
3377:
Biocontrol Strain EB92-1 Genome Is Very Similar and Syntenic to Pierce's Disease Strains"
2423:"Citrus Variegated Chlorosis: an Overview of 30 Years of Research and Disease Management"
5106:
4903:
4745:"Tala preventiva de árboles ante el primer caso de 'Xylella fastidiosa' en la península"
3158:
3093:
3031:
2703:
2469:
2346:
603:
Any conditions that increase vector populations can increase disease incidence, such as
5607:
5499:
5425:
5293:
5019:
gen. nov., sp. nov: Gram-Negative, Xylem-Limited, Fastidious Plant Bacteria Related to
4044:
3939:
3904:
3877:
3842:
3648:
3605:
3522:
3489:
3415:
3372:
2904:
2867:
2728:
2687:
2663:
2630:
2606:
2581:
2281:
2124:
2099:
1849:
A resistant variety, 'Victoria Red', was released for use especially in Coastal Texas.
1628:
1550:
1412:
1252:
974:
966:
956:
607:
and forests or tree cover adjacent to crops, which serve as alternate food sources and
450:
437:
241:
178:
78:
3250:
530:, premature abscission of leaves and fruits is of bigger concern than scorching. Some
6013:
5402:
5362:
4690:[Plant killer bacteria: Parts of Zeulenroda rails declared a restrict zone].
3787:
3716:
3665:
2887:
2554:
2540:
2454:
2398:, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management (ESPM). 9 February 2015
2370:
2182:
1714:
1388:
1376:
948:
780:
770:
758:
752:
608:
585:
190:
3992:
3827:
3675:"Insights into the epidemiology of Pierce's disease in vineyards of Mallorca, Spain"
3182:
3055:
2852:
2795:
2024:. In 2018, it was detected elsewhere in Spain and Portugal, and in Israel in 2019.
5833:
5756:
5577:
5489:
5479:
5407:
5327:
5253:
5233:
4825:
4796:
3614:
3432:
2948:
1754:
and glassy-winged sharpshooter biology has markedly increased since 2000, when the
1735:
1574:
1524:
1456:
1362:
1200:
1158:
1150:
1092:
1016:
928:
914:
864:
705:
683:
672:
249:
5950:
5885:
4496:
Saponari, M.; Giampetruzzi, A.; Loconsole, G.; Boscia, D.; Saldarelli, P. (2019).
2991:
2974:
1852:
4856:"Portugal detecta la 'Xylella fastidiosa' en cítrics per primera vegada en la UE"
3570:
3549:
2827:
2810:
1830:
in Northern California. Work is underway at UC Davis to breed PD resistance from
5963:
5893:
5800:
5455:
5382:
5217:
4518:
4497:
3488:
Sun, Qiang; Sun, Yuliang; Walker, M. Andrew; Labavitch, John M. (1 March 2013).
1929:
1604:
1518:
1440:
1302:
1266:
1258:
1084:
1074:
980:
814:
762:
518:
on upper sides of citrus leaves. Fruits of infected plants are small and hard.
5791:
4661:
Direction régionale de l'alimentation, de l'agriculture et de la forêt de Corse
3753:
3610:
spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 31 December 2020"
3604:
Delbianco, Alice; Gibin, Davide; Pasinato, Luca; Morelli, Massimiliano (2021).
2516:
2438:
1725:
in California in 1996; it spreads PD much more extensively than other vectors.
5715:
5597:
5445:
5347:
5039:
5014:
4688:"Pflanzen-Killerbakterium: Teile von Zeulenroda-Triebes zur Sperrzone erklärt"
4357:
3803:
3039:
2354:
2264:
1811:
1791:
1787:
1710:
1624:
1590:
1564:
1556:
1500:
1420:
1406:
1368:
1334:
1306:
1226:
1192:
1128:
1112:
992:
900:
876:
846:
832:
701:
668:
612:
589:
499:
407:
pathogenic. It does colonize grape vines but rarely and less severely.) Zhang
400:
221:(OQDS), and citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC). While the largest outbreaks of
5048:
4921:
4366:
4290:
4167:
4102:
3930:
3921:
3868:
3843:"Introduction and adaptation of an emerging pathogen to olive trees in Italy"
3811:
3761:
3708:
3639:
3631:
3579:
3513:
3406:
3341:
3292:
3166:
3101:
3047:
2895:
2836:
2779:
2719:
2654:
2597:
2524:
2446:
2422:
2362:
2272:
2224:
2174:
1940:
By 2015, the disease had infected up to a million olive trees in Apulia and
5854:
5517:
5357:
5275:
5146:
3076:
Purcell, Alexander (4 August 2013). "Paradigms: Examples from the Bacterium
2500:
2330:
2248:
2017:
1815:
1799:
1578:
1468:
1398:
1372:
1310:
1298:
1244:
1232:
1186:
1172:
1140:
1106:
1040:
942:
920:
860:
738:
562:
515:
257:
5924:
4929:
4721:[Europe's most dangerous plant pest invades the Balearic Islands].
4537:
4159:
4093:
4076:
4020:
3948:
3886:
3819:
3769:
3657:
3587:
3531:
3424:
3300:
3208:
3174:
3109:
3000:
2913:
2844:
2787:
2737:
2672:
2615:
2532:
2329:
Martelli, G. P.; Boscia, D.; Porcelli, F.; Saponari, M. (1 February 2016).
2290:
2232:
2133:
4384:[Xylella, new outbreak alarm, for the EU all of Puglia affected].
4143:
4075:
Haviland, David R; Stone-Smith, Beth; Gonzalez, Minerva (1 January 2021).
3859:
3505:
498:
Severe PD symptoms include shriveled fruit, leaf scorching, and premature
351:
and also affects South American coffee crops, causing coffee leaf scorch.
5785:
5700:
5474:
5322:
5280:
5268:
4633:[A first case of the plant killer bacterium discovered in Nice].
3970:
3738:"Coffee Leaf Scorch Caused by a Strain of Xylella fastidiosa from Citrus"
2711:
2249:"Spittlebugs as vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in olive orchards in Italy"
2044:
was sequenced by a pool of over 30 research laboratories in the state of
2021:
1984:
1857:
1671:
1647:
1618:
1528:
1486:
1478:
1448:
1444:
1434:
1330:
1272:
1214:
1208:
1164:
1116:
1060:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1006:
962:
934:
892:
884:
788:
744:
660:
290:
68:
4528:
4298:
4270:
3398:
3018:, the causal agent of CVC, is not transmitted from seeds to seedlings".
5872:
5820:
5815:
5532:
5527:
5484:
5435:
5342:
4382:"Xylella, allarme nuovi focolai, per la Ue interessata tutta la Puglia"
3193:
1980:
1945:
1659:
1610:
1582:
1506:
1354:
1350:
1322:
1314:
1294:
1280:
1240:
1236:
1218:
1196:
1098:
1080:
1032:
1024:
1020:
998:
984:
888:
880:
872:
713:
687:
343:, and is thought to originate in temperate and southern North America.
281:
118:
17:
5898:
4475:"Expert Says Eradication of New Olive Tree Disease in Europe Unlikely"
3700:
3322:
Gross, Dennis C.; Lichens-Park, Ann; Kole, Chittaranjan, eds. (2014).
2646:
2485:
2165:
2148:
2115:
444:, or both. These plant defenses do not seem to hinder the movement of
185:) and is transmitted exclusively by xylem sap-feeding insects such as
4948:
4912:
4883:
3554:: Cause of Pierce's Disease of Grapevine and Other Emergent Diseases"
2770:
2753:
2006:
1894:
1818:, and possibly in other parts of Central and South America. In 2010,
1682:
1596:
1570:
1492:
1474:
1452:
1394:
1342:
1326:
1318:
1290:
1146:
1132:
1124:
1048:
1012:
868:
838:
820:
802:
798:
794:
664:
656:
570:
527:
412:
348:
245:
230:
226:
5762:
3674:
682:
can be a limiting factor in fruit crop production, particularly for
5859:
4631:"Un premier cas de la bactérie tueuse de végétaux découvert à Nice"
4553:"Italy warns deadly olive tree bacteria could spread across Europe"
3994:
The California Vine Disease: A Preliminary Report of Investigations
374:
that can completely block the water transport in affected vessels.
5450:
5286:
5248:
3189:
1988:
1898:
1890:
1876:
1851:
1632:
1510:
1460:
1380:
1286:
1178:
1052:
906:
824:
432:
371:
336:
332:
277:
217:, and the economically important Pierce's disease of grapes (PD),
182:
5141:
4417:. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO)
5710:
5552:
5507:
4218:
2388:"Minimizing the Spread of Disease in Italy's Famous Olive Trees"
1953:
776:
340:
298:
5846:
5766:
5190:
4968:"Glassy-winged Sharpshooter and Pierce's Disease in California"
4233:"Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture (PIPRA)"
4046:
A History of Wine in America from the Beginnings to Prohibition
5186:
4719:"La plaga vegetal más peligrosa de Europa invade las Baleares"
2754:"The genome sequence of the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa"
1346:
1066:
4142:
Pollard, Herschel N.; Kaloostian, George H. (1 August 1961).
285:
insects directly into xylem, but infected plant material for
584:
occurs worldwide, though its diseases are most prominent in
276:
is rod-shaped, and at least one subspecies has two types of
2149:"Sharpshooters: a review of what moves Xylella fastidiosa"
1701:, where it was known as "Anaheim disease". The disease is
3967:"'Major consequences' if olive disease spreads across EU"
1983:
in an oleander plant. In January 2017 it was detected in
1750:
threat. No cure has been found, but the understanding of
1681:
Both almond and oleander plants in the Italian region of
1758:, in collaboration with different universities, such as
4236:
181:, that grows in the water transport tissues of plants (
2932:
Mizell, Russell F.; Andersen; Tipping (January 2003).
514:
This disease is named after the characteristic spotty
5740:
1777:
Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture
4987:
4447:. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
3123:
3121:
3119:
5775:
5678:
5635:
5541:
5498:
5416:
5373:
5303:
5224:
3314:
3312:
3310:
1889:In October 2013, the bacterium was found infecting
1658:strain that has become prevalent in California and
671:. However, the vast majority of host plants remain
588:habitats including the southeastern United States,
464:can be found in about 600 different plant species.
4801:(XYLEFA) [Portugal]| EPPO Global Database"
4512:(2). American Phytopathological Society: 175–186.
4043:
370:forms a biofilm-like layer within xylem cells and
5062:la più grave minaccia dell'olivicoltura italiana"
3548:Hopkins, D. L.; Purcell, A. H. (1 October 2002).
5027:International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology
4830:(XYLEFA) [Israel]| EPPO Global Database"
1693:Pierce's disease (PD) was discovered in 1892 by
415:distance between pathogenic and EB92-1 strains.
4326:California Department of Food & Agriculture
1646:Oleander leaf scorch is a disease of landscape
725:Susceptible Plants (recreated from EFSA Panel)
193:. Many plant diseases are due to infections of
3456:Almedia, Rodrigo (2013). "Xylella Fastidiosa".
293:) can produce mature plants that also have an
5202:
2203:and their relation to disease epidemiology".
1926:complesso del disseccamento rapido dell'olivo
1756:California Department of Food and Agriculture
403:of its relatives. (Really it is dramatically
8:
5655:Effects of climate change on wine production
4275:: ITS Biology, Diagnosis, Control and Risks"
1838:. The first generation was 50% high-quality
1705:in Northern California, being spread by the
1685:have also tested positive for the pathogen.
690:and grapes in California. In South America,
4884:"The genome sequence of the plant pathogen
4050:. University of California Press. pp.
3134:: Insights into an Emerging Plant Pathogen"
2382:
2380:
1734:itself dies. The proximity of vineyards to
5763:
5209:
5195:
5187:
4949:"CDFA - Pierce's Disease Research Updates"
3362:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1937:Cellina di Nardò and Ogliarola salentina.
719:
477:Drooping appearance and shorter internodes
42:
31:
5038:
4911:
4527:
4517:
4356:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4092:
3938:
3920:
3876:
3858:
3647:
3569:
3521:
3414:
2990:
2903:
2826:
2769:
2727:
2662:
2605:
2280:
2164:
2123:
5071:(in Italian) (16): 36–42. Archived from
4405:
4403:
675:, making them reservoirs for infection.
27:Bacteria harming plants, including crops
5747:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4003:United States Department of Agriculture
3960:
3958:
3903:European Food Safety Authority (2020).
2087:
474:Dwarfing or lack of growth of the plant
233:, and a few other countries worldwide.
6035:Bacterial plant pathogens and diseases
5136:- the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
4611:. European Commission. 17 October 2016
3470:
3459:
3355:
3285:10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094342
2938:Diseases and Their Leafhopper Vectors"
2692:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
625:, hypothesized that plants foreign to
4081:Journal of Integrated Pest Management
3898:
3896:
3781:
3779:
3731:
3729:
3543:
3541:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3324:Genomics of plant-associated bacteria
3262:
3260:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2415:
2413:
2217:10.1146/annurev.ento.49.061802.123403
2012:In June 2017, it was detected in the
1717:habitats. It became a real threat to
489:hardening and size reduction of fruit
468:Withering and desiccation of branches
7:
5987:3f9213b5-c529-4459-b32e-3e7bebaf3624
2973:Hill, B. L.; Purcell, A. H. (1997).
2945:University of Florida IFAS Extension
2872:via Pilus-Driven Twitching Motility"
2194:
2192:
2093:
2091:
1928:). The disease causes withering and
1916:The cycle in olives has been called
1729:Symptoms of infection on grape vines
4502:in Olive in Apulia: Where We Stand"
4269:Janse, J.D.; Obradovic, A. (2010).
4005:, Division of Vegetable Pathology.
3689:British Society for Plant Pathology
3159:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045849
3094:10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102325
3020:European Journal of Plant Pathology
2335:European Journal of Plant Pathology
1768:University of California, Riverside
1742:Collaborative efforts for solutions
659:, but it has also been reported in
480:Shriveled fruits on infected plants
5259:International Grape Genome Program
4551:Squires, Nick (27 February 2015).
4380:Spagnolo, Chiara (29 April 2015).
4122:Texas Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab
2809:Lindow, Steven (1 February 2019).
2396:University of California, Berkeley
1948:, By October 2015, it had reached
1764:University of California, Berkeley
269:Pathogen anatomy and disease cycle
256:responsible for citrus variegated
25:
5239:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
3391:American Society for Microbiology
3213:(Pierce's disease of grapevines)"
5750:
5727:
5726:
5099:
2888:10.1128/jb.187.16.5560-5567.2005
55:
4970:. December 2002. Archived from
4854:NTC, À Punt (11 January 2023).
4473:Butler, Julie (29 March 2014).
3965:Kinver, Mark (9 January 2015).
3273:Annual Review of Phytopathology
3142:Annual Review of Phytopathology
3082:Annual Review of Phytopathology
1760:University of California, Davis
4996:. 10 July 2006. Archived from
4215:PIPRA Pierce's Disease website
4148:Journal of Economic Entomology
3991:Pierce, Newton Barris (1892).
3624:European Food Safety Authority
3326:. Heidelberg. pp. x+278.
1772:University of Houston–Downtown
331:affects many trees, including
1:
5686:Glossary of viticulture terms
5318:Diurnal temperature variation
3251:10.1127/entomologia/2019/0811
2992:10.1094/phyto.1997.87.12.1197
2050:São Paulo Research Foundation
1881:An olive grove infested with
248:formation), and formation of
5696:Glossary of winemaking terms
4118:"Pierce's Disease on grapes"
3571:10.1094/pdis.2002.86.10.1056
2828:10.1094/PHYTO-09-18-0325-PER
1918:olive quick decline syndrome
305:), as its specific epithet,
265:and the diseases it causes.
219:olive quick decline syndrome
4986:CDFA PD/GWSS Board Website
4694:(in German). Archived from
4663:(in French). Archived from
4637:(in French). 9 October 2015
4519:10.1094/PHYTO-08-18-0319-FI
3792:The Journal of Microbiology
2392:Our Environment at Berkeley
2205:Annual Review of Entomology
708:. After an insect acquires
510:Citrus variegated chlorosis
486:gum-like substance on leave
6056:
6020:Bacteria described in 1987
5465:Integrated pest management
4953:piercesdisease.cdfa.ca.gov
4279:Journal of Plant Pathology
4187:Oxford Companion to Wine.
3999:Government Printing Office
3754:10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.5.501
2517:10.1094/PHYTO-03-22-0105-R
2439:10.1007/s40858-020-00358-5
1970:). This is the subspecies
1958:Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
1719:California's wine industry
1664:glassy-winged sharpshooter
483:Premature fruit abscission
6030:Bacterial citrus diseases
5724:
5660:Environmental stewardship
5040:10.1099/00207713-37-2-136
4988:PD/GWSS Interactive Forum
4358:10.21273/HORTSCI.46.5.817
3804:10.1007/s12275-008-0072-8
3040:10.1007/s10658-014-0415-8
2635:Molecular Plant Pathology
2474:Journal of Phytopathology
2355:10.1007/s10658-015-0784-7
2265:10.1007/s10340-016-0793-0
2104:Molecular Plant Pathology
1786:varieties are known, and
427:, plants infected with a
411:, 2011 finds very little
147:
140:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
6025:Bacterial grape diseases
5588:Great French Wine Blight
5056:Catalano, Luigi (2015).
4116:Meyer, Brittnay (2018).
3922:10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6114
3632:10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6674
2427:Tropical Plant Pathology
1885:in Puglia, Italy in 2019
5670:Sustainable agriculture
5451:Frost damage prevention
5333:Regional climate levels
4042:Pinney, Thomas (1989).
3382:Journal of Bacteriology
2876:Journal of Bacteriology
2868:"Upstream Migration of
2253:Journal of Pest Science
2068:Homalodisca vitripennis
1893:trees in the region of
1707:blue-green sharpshooter
493:
173:bacterium of the genus
5691:Glossary of wine terms
4994:"Oleander leaf scorch"
4341:"'Victoria Red' Grape"
4313:PD/GWSS Board bulletin
2598:10.1093/aobpla/plab027
1998:was first detected in
1964:myrtle-leaf milkwort (
1925:
1886:
1869:
632:s area of origin, the
287:vegetative propagation
5069:L'Informatore Agrario
4001:, Washington, DC US:
3860:10.1099/mgen.0.000735
3506:10.1104/pp.112.208157
3239:Entomologia Generalis
2062:Bacterial leaf scorch
1880:
1855:
1808:Luis G. Jiménez-Arias
1709:, which attacks only
1668:Homalodisca coagulata
592:, and South America.
502:of leaves, with bare
242:plant immune response
199:bacterial leaf scorch
5000:on 18 September 2006
4575:"Olive oil dries up"
4329:, Spring 2007 (p. 2)
4160:10.1093/jee/54.4.810
4094:10.1093/jipm/pmab008
2712:10.1128/AEM.00895-07
506:remaining on stems.
203:oleander leaf scorch
5645:Adaptive management
5171:European Commission
4904:2000Natur.406..151S
4445:Plant Health Portal
4415:in the EPPO region"
3399:10.1128/jb.05430-11
3194:0000-0002-0575-195X
3032:2014EJPP..139..593C
2954:on 25 February 2021
2704:2007ApEnM..73.7252R
2347:2016EJPP..144..235M
2075:Philaenus spumarius
2005:s native range, in
1967:Polygala myrtifolia
726:
721:List of Subspecies
399:which is used as a
387:is a nonpathogenic
215:phony peach disease
89:Gammaproteobacteria
5951:xylella-fastidiosa
5807:Xylella fastidiosa
5777:Xylella fastidiosa
5563:Botrytis bunch rot
5383:Grapevine planting
5313:Climate categories
5130:Xylella fastidiosa
5117:Xylella fastidiosa
5060:Xylella fastidiosa
5017:Xylella fastidiosa
4886:Xylella fastidiosa
4828:Xylella fastidiosa
4799:Xylella fastidiosa
4717:Elcacho, Joaquim.
4692:Antenne Thueringen
4603:Xylella fastidiosa
4500:Xylella fastidiosa
4439:Xylella fastidiosa
4413:Xylella fastidiosa
4319:2015-05-18 at the
4273:Xylella Fastidiosa
4219:"Pierce's disease"
4189:"Pierce's disease"
3847:Microbial Genomics
3552:Xylella fastidiosa
3375:Xylella fastidiosa
3269:Xylella fastidiosa
3211:Xylella fastidiosa
3132:Xylella fastidiosa
3078:Xylella fastidiosa
3016:Xylella fastidiosa
2936:Xylella Fastidiosa
2870:Xylella fastidiosa
2559:www.efsa.europa.eu
2305:"Pierce's Disease"
2201:Xylella fastidiosa
2153:Austral Entomology
2016:, specifically in
1994:Notably, in 2016,
1942:Xylella fastidiosa
1887:
1870:
720:
569:was discovered in
537:Almond leaf scorch
372:tracheary elements
274:Xylella fastidiosa
237:Xylella fastidiosa
207:coffee leaf scorch
166:Xylella fastidiosa
157:Wells et al., 1987
151:Xylella fastidiosa
133:X. fastidiosa
36:Xylella fastidiosa
6007:
6006:
5769:Taxon identifiers
5738:
5737:
5583:Grapevine yellows
5151:. 2 February 2021
4898:(6792): 151–157.
4698:on 27 August 2016
4667:on 23 August 2016
4477:. Olive Oil Times
4411:"First report of
4185:winepros.com.au.
3701:10.1111/ppa.13076
3626:(Wiley): e06674.
3564:(10): 1056–1066.
3469:Missing or empty
3350:978-3-642-55377-6
3333:978-3-642-55378-3
2985:(12): 1197–1201.
2882:(16): 5560–5567.
2764:(6792): 151–157.
2698:(22): 7252–7258.
2647:10.1111/mpp.13016
2561:. 12 January 2022
2511:(11): 2296–2309.
2486:10.1111/jph.12075
2166:10.1111/aen.12397
2116:10.1111/mpp.12585
2046:São Paulo, Brazil
2036:Genome sequencing
2014:Iberian peninsula
1996:olive leaf scorch
1903:Province of Lecce
1639:
1638:
619:Alexander Purcell
605:seasonal rainfall
425:macroscopic scale
162:
161:
16:(Redirected from
6047:
6000:
5999:
5990:
5989:
5980:
5979:
5967:
5966:
5964:NHMSYS0021158671
5954:
5953:
5941:
5940:
5928:
5927:
5915:
5914:
5902:
5901:
5889:
5888:
5876:
5875:
5863:
5862:
5850:
5849:
5837:
5836:
5824:
5823:
5811:
5810:
5809:
5796:
5795:
5794:
5764:
5755:
5754:
5753:
5746:
5730:
5729:
5614:Uncinula necator
5603:Pierce's disease
5211:
5204:
5197:
5188:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5174:. 30 August 2017
5160:
5158:
5156:
5103:
5102:
5087:
5085:
5083:
5077:
5066:
5052:
5042:
5009:
5007:
5005:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4934:
4933:
4915:
4913:10.1038/35018003
4878:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4686:Schröder, Elke.
4683:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4531:
4521:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4470:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4407:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4360:
4336:
4330:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4239:on 5 March 2016.
4235:. Archived from
4229:
4223:
4222:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4195:on 8 August 2008
4191:. Archived from
4183:
4172:
4171:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4096:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4049:
4039:
4033:
4024:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3962:
3953:
3952:
3942:
3924:
3900:
3891:
3890:
3880:
3862:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3783:
3774:
3773:
3733:
3724:
3720:
3669:
3651:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3573:
3545:
3536:
3535:
3525:
3500:(3): 1529–1541.
3494:Plant Physiology
3485:
3479:
3478:
3472:
3467:
3465:
3457:
3453:
3440:
3436:
3418:
3367:
3361:
3353:
3316:
3305:
3304:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3245:(3–4): 157–181.
3234:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3186:
3138:
3125:
3114:
3113:
3073:
3060:
3059:
3011:
3005:
3004:
2994:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2953:
2947:. Archived from
2942:
2929:
2918:
2917:
2907:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2830:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2773:
2771:10.1038/35018003
2748:
2742:
2741:
2731:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2666:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2609:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2417:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2384:
2375:
2374:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2284:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2196:
2187:
2186:
2168:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2127:
2095:
2048:, funded by the
2004:
1960:, affecting the
1867:Phoenix, Arizona
1695:Newton B. Pierce
1537:Scrophulariaceae
727:
655:host plants are
631:
555:
554:
549:
548:
539:
538:
494:Pierce's disease
396:
386:
385:
326:
325:
153:
109:Xanthomonadaceae
60:
59:
46:
32:
21:
6055:
6054:
6050:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6044:
6040:Xanthomonadales
6010:
6009:
6008:
6003:
5995:
5993:
5985:
5983:
5975:
5970:
5962:
5957:
5949:
5944:
5936:
5931:
5923:
5918:
5910:
5905:
5897:
5892:
5884:
5879:
5871:
5866:
5858:
5853:
5845:
5840:
5832:
5827:
5819:
5814:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5790:
5789:
5784:
5771:
5761:
5751:
5749:
5741:
5739:
5734:
5720:
5706:Outline of wine
5674:
5665:Organic farming
5650:Biodynamic wine
5637:
5631:
5622:Red spider mite
5543:
5537:
5494:
5456:Green harvest (
5441:Erosion control
5418:
5412:
5393:Row orientation
5375:
5369:
5305:
5299:
5244:Grape varieties
5226:
5220:
5215:
5177:
5175:
5163:
5154:
5152:
5140:
5128:Type strain of
5124:
5123:
5122:
5104:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5081:
5079:
5078:on 18 June 2018
5075:
5064:
5055:
5012:
5003:
5001:
4992:
4977:
4975:
4966:
4957:
4955:
4947:
4943:
4941:Further reading
4938:
4937:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4865:
4863:
4853:
4852:
4848:
4838:
4836:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4809:
4807:
4795:
4794:
4790:
4780:
4778:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4754:
4752:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4728:
4726:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4701:
4699:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4670:
4668:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4640:
4638:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4614:
4612:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4584:
4582:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4558:
4556:
4555:. The Telegraph
4550:
4549:
4545:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4480:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4460:
4450:
4448:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4420:
4418:
4409:
4408:
4401:
4391:
4389:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4321:Wayback Machine
4310:
4306:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4198:
4196:
4186:
4184:
4175:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4126:
4124:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4062:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4013:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3975:
3973:
3964:
3963:
3956:
3902:
3901:
3894:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3785:
3784:
3777:
3735:
3734:
3727:
3723:
3680:Plant Pathology
3672:
3606:"Update of the
3603:
3599:
3595:
3547:
3546:
3539:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3468:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3443:
3439:
3370:
3354:
3334:
3321:
3317:
3308:
3266:
3265:
3258:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3221:
3219:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3187:
3136:
3127:
3126:
3117:
3075:
3074:
3063:
3013:
3012:
3008:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2940:
2931:
2930:
2921:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2419:
2418:
2411:
2401:
2399:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2084:
2058:
2038:
2030:
2002:
1950:Mainland France
1911:Northern Europe
1875:
1858:Nerium oleander
1832:V. rotundifolia
1804:V. rotundifolia
1794:are especially
1744:
1731:
1723:Temecula Valley
1691:
1652:Nerium oleander
1644:
646:
629:
621:, an expert on
579:
552:
551:
546:
545:
536:
535:
524:
512:
496:
421:
394:
383:
382:
380:
329:X. f. multiplex
317:
316:
271:
169:is an aerobic,
158:
155:
149:
136:
99:Xanthomonadales
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6053:
6051:
6043:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6012:
6011:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6001:
5991:
5981:
5968:
5955:
5942:
5929:
5916:
5903:
5890:
5877:
5864:
5851:
5838:
5825:
5812:
5797:
5781:
5779:
5773:
5772:
5767:
5760:
5759:
5736:
5735:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5682:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5641:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5618:
5617:
5608:Powdery mildew
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5549:
5547:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5504:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5458:Vendange verte
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5422:
5420:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5398:Trellis design
5395:
5390:
5385:
5379:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5309:
5307:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5294:Vitis vinifera
5290:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5230:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5206:
5199:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5161:
5138:
5105:
5098:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5093:External links
5091:
5089:
5088:
5053:
5033:(2): 136–143.
5010:
4990:
4984:
4964:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4873:
4846:
4817:
4788:
4762:
4736:
4709:
4678:
4648:
4622:
4592:
4581:. 31 July 2015
4566:
4543:
4506:Phytopathology
4488:
4458:
4428:
4399:
4372:
4351:(5): 817–820.
4331:
4304:
4261:
4242:
4224:
4206:
4173:
4154:(4): 810–811.
4134:
4108:
4067:
4061:978-0520062245
4060:
4034:
4012:978-1331970958
4011:
3983:
3954:
3892:
3853:(12): 000735.
3833:
3798:(5): 482–490.
3775:
3748:(5): 501–505.
3725:
3722:
3721:
3695:): 1458–1471.
3670:
3600:
3593:
3537:
3480:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3368:
3332:
3318:
3306:
3279:(1): 243–271.
3256:
3229:
3200:
3151:Annual Reviews
3115:
3088:(1): 339–356.
3061:
3026:(3): 593–596.
3006:
2979:Phytopathology
2965:
2919:
2858:
2821:(2): 210–212.
2815:Phytopathology
2801:
2743:
2678:
2641:(2): 175–188.
2621:
2592:(4): plab027.
2572:
2546:
2505:Phytopathology
2491:
2480:(6): 389–396.
2460:
2433:(3): 175–191.
2409:
2376:
2341:(2): 235–243.
2321:
2296:
2259:(2): 521–530.
2238:
2211:(1): 243–270.
2188:
2159:(2): 248–267.
2139:
2110:(4): 786–800.
2086:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2054:
2040:The genome of
2037:
2034:
2029:
2026:
1874:
1871:
1861:infected with
1846:were planted.
1784:Vitis vinifera
1782:Few resistant
1743:
1740:
1730:
1727:
1690:
1687:
1654:) caused by a
1643:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1629:Parthenocissus
1621:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1551:Simmondsiaceae
1547:
1546:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1253:Pittosporaceae
1249:
1248:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1009:
1003:
1002:
995:
989:
988:
977:
975:Convolvulaceae
971:
970:
967:Symphoricarpos
959:
957:Caprifoliaceae
953:
952:
945:
939:
938:
931:
925:
924:
917:
911:
910:
903:
897:
896:
849:
843:
842:
835:
829:
828:
817:
811:
810:
791:
785:
784:
773:
767:
766:
755:
749:
748:
741:
735:
734:
731:
645:
642:
611:locations for
578:
575:
544:that includes
523:
520:
511:
508:
495:
492:
491:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
471:Leaf chlorosis
469:
451:Vitis vinifera
438:polysaccharide
420:
417:
379:
376:
270:
267:
252:. A strain of
179:plant pathogen
160:
159:
156:
145:
144:
138:
137:
130:
128:
124:
123:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
79:Pseudomonadota
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6052:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6015:
5998:
5992:
5988:
5982:
5978:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5921:
5917:
5913:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5882:
5878:
5874:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5843:
5839:
5835:
5830:
5826:
5822:
5817:
5813:
5808:
5802:
5798:
5793:
5787:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5765:
5758:
5748:
5744:
5733:
5723:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5634:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5616:
5615:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5540:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5415:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5403:Vine training
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5372:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5304:Environmental
5302:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5223:
5219:
5212:
5207:
5205:
5200:
5198:
5193:
5192:
5189:
5173:
5172:
5166:
5162:
5150:
5148:
5143:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5119:
5118:
5112:
5108:
5092:
5074:
5070:
5063:
5061:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5011:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4974:on 9 May 2006
4973:
4969:
4965:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4945:
4940:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4887:
4877:
4874:
4861:
4857:
4850:
4847:
4835:
4831:
4829:
4821:
4818:
4806:
4802:
4800:
4792:
4789:
4776:
4772:
4766:
4763:
4750:
4749:La Vanguardia
4746:
4740:
4737:
4724:
4723:La Vanguardia
4720:
4713:
4710:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4682:
4679:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4649:
4636:
4632:
4626:
4623:
4610:
4606:
4604:
4596:
4593:
4580:
4579:The Economist
4576:
4570:
4567:
4554:
4547:
4544:
4539:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4501:
4492:
4489:
4476:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4446:
4442:
4440:
4432:
4429:
4416:
4414:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4387:
4386:La Repubblica
4383:
4376:
4373:
4368:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4308:
4305:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4274:
4265:
4262:
4258:(3): 243–247.
4257:
4253:
4246:
4243:
4238:
4234:
4228:
4225:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4194:
4190:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4138:
4135:
4123:
4119:
4112:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4071:
4068:
4063:
4057:
4053:
4048:
4047:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3997:. Bulletins.
3996:
3995:
3987:
3984:
3972:
3968:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3950:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3837:
3834:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3742:Plant Disease
3739:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3609:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3558:Plant Disease
3555:
3553:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3481:
3476:
3463:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3393:: 5576–5577.
3392:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3376:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3230:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3204:
3201:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3135:
3133:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3010:
3007:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2969:
2966:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2937:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2871:
2862:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2805:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2747:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2573:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2495:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2322:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2242:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2042:X. fastidiosa
2035:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2001:
2000:X. fastidiosa
1997:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1972:X. fastidiosa
1969:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1884:
1883:X. fastidiosa
1879:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1863:X. fastidiosa
1860:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1820:X. fastidiosa
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1752:X. fastidiosa
1749:
1748:X. fastidiosa
1741:
1739:
1737:
1736:citrus groves
1728:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1656:X. fastidiosa
1653:
1649:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1389:Portulacaceae
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
996:
994:
991:
990:
987:
986:
982:
978:
976:
973:
972:
969:
968:
964:
960:
958:
955:
954:
951:
950:
946:
944:
941:
940:
937:
936:
932:
930:
927:
926:
923:
922:
918:
916:
913:
912:
909:
908:
904:
902:
899:
898:
895:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
848:
845:
844:
841:
840:
836:
834:
831:
830:
827:
826:
822:
818:
816:
813:
812:
809:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
790:
787:
786:
783:
782:
781:Toxicodendron
778:
774:
772:
771:Anacardiaceae
769:
768:
765:
764:
760:
759:Alternanthera
756:
754:
753:Amaranthaceae
751:
750:
747:
746:
742:
740:
737:
736:
732:
729:
728:
724:
718:
715:
711:
710:X. fastidiosa
707:
703:
699:
698:X. fastidiosa
695:
693:
692:X. fastidiosa
689:
685:
681:
680:X. fastidiosa
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
653:X. fastidiosa
650:
649:X. fastidiosa
643:
641:
639:
638:X. fastidiosa
635:
628:
627:X. fastidiosa
624:
623:X. fastidiosa
620:
616:
614:
610:
609:overwintering
606:
601:
598:
597:X. fastidiosa
593:
591:
587:
583:
582:X. fastidiosa
576:
574:
572:
568:
567:X. fastidiosa
564:
559:
558:X. fastidiosa
543:
542:in California
533:
529:
522:Leaf scorches
521:
519:
517:
509:
507:
505:
501:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
466:
465:
463:
462:X. fastidiosa
459:
458:X. fastidiosa
455:
453:
452:
447:
446:X. fastidiosa
443:
439:
434:
430:
429:X. fastidiosa
426:
418:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
390:
377:
375:
373:
369:
368:X. fastidiosa
365:
364:X. fastidiosa
360:
359:X. fastidiosa
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
335:ones such as
334:
330:
324:
320:
319:X. fastidiosa
314:
313:X. fastidiosa
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
295:X. fastidiosa
292:
288:
283:
279:
275:
268:
266:
264:
263:X. fastidiosa
259:
255:
254:X. fastidiosa
251:
250:air embolisms
247:
243:
238:
234:
232:
228:
224:
223:X. fastidiosa
220:
216:
212:
211:alfalfa dwarf
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:X. fastidiosa
192:
188:
187:sharpshooters
184:
183:xylem vessels
180:
176:
172:
171:Gram-negative
168:
167:
154:
152:
146:
143:
142:Binomial name
139:
135:
134:
129:
126:
125:
122:
121:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
5776:
5612:
5602:
5578:Downy mildew
5490:Weed control
5480:Millerandage
5457:
5328:Microclimate
5292:
5285:
5267:
5254:Hybrid grape
5234:Ampelography
5227:horticulture
5176:. Retrieved
5168:
5153:. Retrieved
5145:
5133:
5129:
5115:
5114:
5113:profile for
5110:
5080:. Retrieved
5073:the original
5068:
5059:
5030:
5026:
5020:
5016:
5002:. Retrieved
4998:the original
4976:. Retrieved
4972:the original
4956:. Retrieved
4952:
4895:
4891:
4885:
4876:
4864:. Retrieved
4862:(in Catalan)
4859:
4849:
4837:. Retrieved
4833:
4827:
4820:
4808:. Retrieved
4804:
4798:
4791:
4779:. Retrieved
4777:(in Spanish)
4774:
4765:
4753:. Retrieved
4751:(in Spanish)
4748:
4739:
4727:. Retrieved
4725:(in Spanish)
4722:
4712:
4700:. Retrieved
4696:the original
4691:
4681:
4669:. Retrieved
4665:the original
4660:
4651:
4639:. Retrieved
4634:
4625:
4613:. Retrieved
4608:
4602:
4595:
4583:. Retrieved
4578:
4569:
4557:. Retrieved
4546:
4529:11586/226511
4509:
4505:
4499:
4491:
4479:. Retrieved
4449:. Retrieved
4444:
4438:
4431:
4419:. Retrieved
4412:
4390:. Retrieved
4388:(in Italian)
4385:
4375:
4348:
4344:
4334:
4324:
4312:
4307:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4264:
4255:
4251:
4245:
4237:the original
4227:
4214:
4209:
4197:. Retrieved
4193:the original
4151:
4147:
4137:
4125:. Retrieved
4121:
4111:
4084:
4080:
4070:
4045:
4037:
3993:
3986:
3974:. Retrieved
3912:
3909:EFSA Journal
3908:
3850:
3846:
3836:
3795:
3791:
3745:
3741:
3684:
3678:
3619:
3615:EFSA Journal
3613:
3607:
3596:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3323:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3220:. Retrieved
3217:www.cabi.org
3216:
3210:
3203:
3146:
3140:
3131:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3009:
2982:
2978:
2968:
2956:. Retrieved
2949:the original
2944:
2935:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2861:
2818:
2814:
2804:
2761:
2757:
2746:
2695:
2691:
2681:
2638:
2634:
2624:
2589:
2585:
2575:
2563:. Retrieved
2558:
2549:
2508:
2504:
2494:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2430:
2426:
2400:. Retrieved
2391:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2308:
2299:
2256:
2252:
2241:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2107:
2103:
2073:
2066:
2041:
2039:
2031:
2011:
1999:
1993:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1944:had reached
1941:
1939:
1915:
1906:
1897:in southern
1888:
1882:
1862:
1856:
1848:
1844:V. vinifera
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1819:
1803:
1783:
1781:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1732:
1713:adjacent to
1692:
1680:
1675:
1667:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1623:
1609:
1595:
1575:Lycopersicon
1569:
1555:
1541:
1523:
1505:
1491:
1473:
1439:
1425:
1411:
1393:
1367:
1363:Polygonaceae
1285:
1271:
1257:
1231:
1213:
1201:Metrosideros
1191:
1177:
1163:
1159:Magnoliaceae
1151:Umbellularia
1145:
1111:
1097:
1093:Juglandaceae
1079:
1065:
1017:Chamaecrista
1011:
997:
979:
961:
947:
933:
929:Brassicaceae
919:
915:Boraginaceae
905:
865:Callistephus
851:
837:
819:
793:
775:
757:
743:
722:
709:
706:Cicadellinae
702:Cicadellidae
697:
696:
691:
686:in northern
684:stone fruits
679:
677:
673:asymptomatic
652:
648:
647:
644:Host species
637:
626:
622:
617:
602:
596:
595:Symptoms of
594:
581:
580:
566:
557:
525:
513:
497:
461:
457:
456:
449:
445:
440:-rich gels,
428:
422:
408:
404:
392:
381:
367:
363:
358:
357:
353:X. f. sandyi
352:
344:
328:
322:
318:
312:
311:
309:, reflects.
306:
294:
273:
272:
262:
253:
236:
235:
222:
197:, including
194:
174:
165:
164:
163:
150:
148:
132:
131:
119:
35:
29:
5894:iNaturalist
5801:Wikispecies
5388:Propagation
5225:Biology and
5218:Viticulture
5169:EIP-AGRI -
5142:"XF-ACTORS"
5082:15 February
5021:Xanthomonas
5004:15 February
4978:15 February
4958:15 February
4834:gd.eppo.int
4805:gd.eppo.int
4345:HortScience
4285:: S35–S48.
3153:: 181–202.
2958:30 November
1930:desiccation
1907:X. f. pauca
1873:Olive trees
1840:V. vinifera
1836:V. vinifera
1796:susceptible
1689:Grape vines
1605:Verbenaceae
1519:Sapindaceae
1441:Cotoneaster
1303:Echinochloa
1267:Platanaceae
1259:Pittosporum
1085:Pelargonium
1075:Geraniaceae
981:Convolvulus
815:Apocynaceae
763:Chenopodium
634:neotropical
613:leafhoppers
577:Environment
345:X. f. pauca
333:stone-fruit
191:spittlebugs
6014:Categories
5716:Winemaking
5638:and issues
5636:Approaches
5598:Phylloxera
5568:Bot canker
5470:Irrigation
5446:Fertilizer
5419:management
5348:Topography
5338:Soil types
4866:20 January
4775:20 Minutos
4729:24 January
4635:Nice Matin
4030:1331970954
3471:|url=
3222:6 November
2586:AoB Plants
2565:4 December
2314:4 December
2082:References
1962:non-native
1812:Costa Rica
1792:Pinot noir
1788:Chardonnay
1711:grapevines
1625:Ampelopsis
1591:Urticaceae
1565:Solanaceae
1557:Simmondsia
1501:Salicaceae
1421:Rhamnaceae
1407:Resedaceae
1369:Persicaria
1335:Pennisetum
1307:Eragrostis
1227:Onagraceae
1193:Eucalyptus
1129:Rosmarinus
1113:Callicarpa
993:Cyperaceae
901:Betulaceae
877:Helianthus
847:Asteraceae
833:Araliaceae
723:fastidiosa
704:subfamily
669:gymnosperm
590:California
500:abscission
401:biocontrol
323:fastidiosa
307:fastidiosa
303:fastidious
177:. It is a
5627:Vine moth
5593:Nematodes
5558:Black rot
5542:Pests and
5518:Noble rot
5513:Festivals
5358:elevation
5306:variation
5276:Rootstock
5147:XF-ACTORS
5049:0020-7713
4922:1476-4687
4702:23 August
4671:23 August
4641:9 October
4367:0018-5345
4291:1125-4653
4252:Turrialba
4168:1938-291X
4103:2155-7470
3931:1831-4732
3915:(4): 61.
3869:2057-5858
3812:1225-8873
3762:0191-2917
3717:199641165
3709:0032-0862
3666:235671792
3640:1831-4732
3580:0191-2917
3514:0032-0889
3407:0021-9193
3358:cite book
3342:881817015
3293:0066-4286
3167:0066-4286
3102:0066-4286
3048:0929-1873
2896:0021-9193
2837:0031-949X
2780:1476-4687
2720:0099-2240
2655:1464-6722
2541:250218193
2525:0031-949X
2455:218652922
2447:1983-2052
2371:254475576
2363:1573-8469
2273:1612-4766
2225:0066-4170
2183:182504242
2175:2052-174X
2018:Guadalest
1976:multiplex
1935:cultivars
1816:Venezuela
1800:muscadine
1779:(PIPRA).
1648:oleanders
1579:Nicotiana
1469:Rubiaceae
1399:Portulaca
1373:Polygonum
1311:Eriochola
1299:Digitaria
1245:Oenothera
1233:Epilobium
1187:Myrtaceae
1173:Malvaceae
1141:Lauraceae
1107:Lamiaceae
1049:Trifolium
1041:Melilotus
943:Cannaceae
921:Amsinckia
873:Franseria
861:Baccharis
857:Artemisia
739:Adoxaceae
563:chlorosis
516:chlorosis
258:chlorosis
127:Species:
5912:10973480
5792:Q3019529
5786:Wikidata
5732:Category
5701:Oenology
5679:See also
5573:Dead arm
5545:diseases
5523:Ripeness
5475:Klopotec
5417:Vineyard
5376:planting
5374:Vineyard
5323:Drainage
5281:Vineyard
5269:Veraison
5264:Ripening
5178:30 March
5155:30 March
4930:10910347
4839:3 August
4810:3 August
4781:12 April
4538:30376439
4317:Archived
4299:41998754
3971:BBC News
3949:32874307
3887:34904938
3828:40097733
3820:18974947
3770:30823125
3658:34188716
3588:30818496
3532:23292789
3462:cite web
3425:21914886
3301:18422428
3183:48353386
3175:29889627
3110:23682911
3056:15561623
3001:18945018
2914:16077100
2853:58611726
2845:30644806
2796:17344899
2788:10910347
2738:17827325
2673:33216451
2616:34316336
2533:35778787
2291:28275326
2233:14651464
2134:28742234
2056:See also
2022:Alicante
1985:Mallorca
1802:grapes (
1715:riparian
1672:Oleander
1642:Oleander
1619:Vitaceae
1543:Veronica
1529:Aesculus
1487:Rutaceae
1479:Coprosma
1449:Photinia
1445:Fragaria
1435:Rosaceae
1339:Phalaris
1331:Paspalum
1273:Platanus
1215:Fraxinus
1209:Oleaceae
1165:Magnolia
1117:Origanum
1061:Fagaceae
1045:Spartium
1037:Medicago
1029:Lathyrus
1007:Fabaceae
963:Lonicera
935:Brassica
893:Xanthium
885:Solidago
853:Ambrosia
807:Oenanthe
789:Apiaceae
745:Sambucus
661:monocots
586:riparian
547:CFBP8071
532:isolates
504:petioles
419:Symptoms
291:grafting
105:Family:
75:Phylum:
69:Bacteria
65:Domain:
5997:2115838
5873:3222355
5816:BacDive
5533:Weather
5528:Vintage
5500:Harvest
5485:Pruning
5436:Coulure
5343:Terroir
5107:Scholia
4900:Bibcode
4615:24 June
4585:31 July
4559:1 March
4481:1 March
4451:24 June
4421:1 March
4021:4512989
3976:1 March
3940:7448098
3878:8767334
3649:8220458
3608:Xylella
3523:3585614
3433:7068164
3416:3187439
3028:Bibcode
2905:1196070
2729:2168192
2700:Bibcode
2664:7814960
2607:8300559
2343:Bibcode
2282:5320020
2125:6637975
1981:Germany
1974:subsp.
1952:, near
1946:Corsica
1922:Italian
1703:endemic
1699:Anaheim
1676:Xylella
1660:Arizona
1611:Duranta
1583:Solanum
1507:Populus
1427:Rhamnus
1355:Sorghum
1351:Setaria
1323:Hordeum
1315:Festuca
1295:Cynodon
1281:Poaceae
1241:Clarkia
1237:Fuchsia
1219:Syringa
1197:Eugenia
1121:Melissa
1099:Juglans
1081:Erodium
1067:Quercus
1033:Lupinus
1025:Genista
1021:Cytisus
999:Cyperus
985:Ipomoea
889:Sonchus
881:Lactuca
730:Family
714:foregut
688:Florida
442:tyloses
413:genomic
378:Strains
337:peaches
321:subsp.
282:biofilm
209:(CLS),
175:Xylella
120:Xylella
115:Genus:
95:Order:
85:Class:
18:Xylella
5994:uBio:
5984:NZOR:
5938:958654
5899:549670
5860:XYLEFA
5847:973451
5743:Portal
5426:Canopy
5353:aspect
5249:Grapes
5132:at Bac
5109:has a
5047:
4928:
4920:
4892:Nature
4860:À Punt
4755:4 July
4609:Plants
4536:
4365:
4297:
4289:
4166:
4101:
4058:
4028:
4019:
4009:
3947:
3937:
3929:
3885:
3875:
3867:
3826:
3818:
3810:
3768:
3760:
3715:
3707:
3664:
3656:
3646:
3638:
3586:
3578:
3530:
3520:
3512:
3431:
3423:
3413:
3405:
3389:(19).
3348:
3340:
3330:
3299:
3291:
3181:
3173:
3165:
3108:
3100:
3054:
3046:
2999:
2912:
2902:
2894:
2851:
2843:
2835:
2794:
2786:
2778:
2758:Nature
2736:
2726:
2718:
2671:
2661:
2653:
2614:
2604:
2539:
2531:
2523:
2453:
2445:
2369:
2361:
2309:UC IPM
2289:
2279:
2271:
2231:
2223:
2181:
2173:
2132:
2122:
2028:Citrus
2007:Brazil
1895:Apulia
1828:Sonoma
1814:, and
1798:, but
1770:, and
1683:Apulia
1597:Urtica
1571:Datura
1493:Citrus
1475:Coffea
1453:Prunus
1413:Reseda
1395:Montia
1343:Phleum
1327:Lolium
1319:Holcus
1291:Bromus
1147:Persea
1133:Salvia
1125:Mentha
1013:Acacia
869:Conyza
839:Hedera
821:Nerium
803:Daucus
799:Datura
795:Conium
733:Genus
665:ginkgo
657:dicots
571:Apulia
534:cause
528:coffee
409:et al.
395:
389:strain
384:EB92-1
349:Brazil
289:(e.g.
246:tylose
231:Israel
227:Taiwan
5925:57195
5907:IRMNG
5834:7FYW5
5821:17622
5757:Drink
5553:Birds
5408:Yield
5363:slope
5287:Vitis
5111:topic
5076:(PDF)
5065:(PDF)
4392:8 May
4295:JSTOR
4199:7 May
4127:5 May
4087:(1).
3824:S2CID
3713:S2CID
3693:Wiley
3687:(8).
3662:S2CID
3622:(6).
3429:S2CID
3373:"The
3190:ORCID
3179:S2CID
3149:(1).
3137:(PDF)
3052:S2CID
2952:(PDF)
2941:(PDF)
2849:S2CID
2792:S2CID
2537:S2CID
2451:S2CID
2402:5 May
2367:S2CID
2179:S2CID
2003:'
1989:Ibiza
1956:, in
1899:Italy
1891:olive
1834:into
1633:Vitis
1511:Salix
1461:Rubus
1381:Rumex
1377:Rheum
1287:Avena
1179:Malva
1053:Vicia
949:Canna
907:Alnus
825:Vinca
630:'
433:fruit
341:plums
5977:2371
5972:NCBI
5946:LPSN
5933:ITIS
5881:GISD
5868:GBIF
5855:EPPO
5711:Wine
5508:Brix
5431:Clos
5180:2021
5157:2021
5134:Dive
5084:2020
5045:ISSN
5023:spp"
5006:2020
4980:2020
4960:2020
4926:PMID
4918:ISSN
4868:2023
4841:2020
4812:2020
4783:2018
4757:2017
4731:2017
4704:2016
4673:2016
4643:2015
4617:2017
4587:2015
4561:2015
4534:PMID
4483:2015
4453:2017
4423:2015
4394:2015
4363:ISSN
4287:ISSN
4201:2008
4164:ISSN
4129:2023
4099:ISSN
4056:ISBN
4026:ISBN
4017:OCLC
4007:ISBN
3978:2015
3945:PMID
3927:ISSN
3883:PMID
3865:ISSN
3816:PMID
3808:ISSN
3766:PMID
3758:ISSN
3705:ISSN
3654:PMID
3636:ISSN
3584:PMID
3576:ISSN
3528:PMID
3510:ISSN
3475:help
3421:PMID
3403:ISSN
3364:link
3346:ISBN
3338:OCLC
3328:ISBN
3297:PMID
3289:ISSN
3224:2017
3188:(AS
3171:PMID
3163:ISSN
3106:PMID
3098:ISSN
3044:ISSN
2997:PMID
2960:2017
2910:PMID
2892:ISSN
2841:PMID
2833:ISSN
2784:PMID
2776:ISSN
2734:PMID
2716:ISSN
2669:PMID
2651:ISSN
2612:PMID
2567:2022
2529:PMID
2521:ISSN
2443:ISSN
2404:2015
2359:ISSN
2316:2022
2287:PMID
2269:ISSN
2229:PMID
2221:ISSN
2171:ISSN
2130:PMID
1987:and
1954:Nice
1920:(in
1826:and
1824:Napa
1790:and
1525:Acer
1457:Rosa
777:Rhus
667:, a
663:and
550:and
405:less
339:and
299:seed
278:pili
189:and
5959:NBN
5920:ISC
5886:326
5842:EoL
5829:CoL
5035:doi
4908:doi
4896:406
4524:hdl
4514:doi
4510:109
4353:doi
4156:doi
4089:doi
3935:PMC
3917:doi
3873:PMC
3855:doi
3800:doi
3750:doi
3697:doi
3644:PMC
3628:doi
3566:doi
3518:PMC
3502:doi
3498:161
3411:PMC
3395:doi
3387:193
3281:doi
3271:".
3247:doi
3155:doi
3090:doi
3080:".
3036:doi
3024:139
2987:doi
2900:PMC
2884:doi
2880:187
2823:doi
2819:109
2766:doi
2762:406
2724:PMC
2708:doi
2659:PMC
2643:doi
2602:PMC
2594:doi
2513:doi
2509:112
2482:doi
2478:161
2435:doi
2351:doi
2339:144
2277:PMC
2261:doi
2213:doi
2161:doi
2120:PMC
2112:doi
1865:in
1810:in
1670:).
1347:Poa
553:M23
526:In
391:of
6016::
5974::
5961::
5948::
5935::
5922::
5909::
5896::
5883::
5870::
5857::
5844::
5831::
5818::
5803::
5788::
5167:.
5144:.
5067:.
5043:.
5031:37
5029:.
5025:.
4951:.
4924:.
4916:.
4906:.
4894:.
4890:.
4832:.
4803:.
4773:.
4659:.
4607:.
4577:.
4532:.
4522:.
4508:.
4504:.
4461:^
4443:.
4402:^
4361:.
4349:46
4347:.
4343:.
4323:,
4293:.
4283:92
4281:.
4277:.
4256:35
4254:.
4217:.
4176:^
4162:.
4152:54
4150:.
4146:.
4120:.
4097:.
4085:12
4083:.
4079:.
4054:.
4052:27
4015:.
3969:.
3957:^
3943:.
3933:.
3925:.
3913:18
3911:.
3907:.
3895:^
3881:.
3871:.
3863:.
3849:.
3845:.
3822:.
3814:.
3806:.
3796:46
3794:.
3790:.
3778:^
3764:.
3756:.
3746:85
3744:.
3740:.
3728:^
3711:.
3703:.
3685:68
3683:.
3677:.
3660:.
3652:.
3642:.
3634:.
3620:19
3618:.
3612:.
3582:.
3574:.
3562:86
3560:.
3556:.
3540:^
3526:.
3516:.
3508:.
3496:.
3492:.
3466::
3464:}}
3460:{{
3444:^
3427:.
3419:.
3409:.
3401:.
3385:.
3379:.
3360:}}
3356:{{
3344:.
3336:.
3309:^
3295:.
3287:.
3277:46
3275:.
3259:^
3243:39
3241:.
3215:.
3192::
3177:.
3169:.
3161:.
3147:56
3145:.
3139:.
3118:^
3104:.
3096:.
3086:51
3084:.
3064:^
3050:.
3042:.
3034:.
3022:.
2995:.
2983:87
2981:.
2977:.
2943:.
2922:^
2908:.
2898:.
2890:.
2878:.
2874:.
2847:.
2839:.
2831:.
2817:.
2813:.
2790:.
2782:.
2774:.
2760:.
2756:.
2732:.
2722:.
2714:.
2706:.
2696:73
2694:.
2690:.
2667:.
2657:.
2649:.
2639:22
2637:.
2633:.
2610:.
2600:.
2590:13
2588:.
2584:.
2557:.
2535:.
2527:.
2519:.
2507:.
2503:.
2476:.
2472:.
2449:.
2441:.
2431:45
2429:.
2425:.
2412:^
2394:.
2390:.
2379:^
2365:.
2357:.
2349:.
2337:.
2333:.
2307:.
2285:.
2275:.
2267:.
2257:90
2255:.
2251:.
2227:.
2219:.
2209:49
2207:.
2191:^
2177:.
2169:.
2157:58
2155:.
2151:.
2128:.
2118:.
2108:19
2106:.
2102:.
2090:^
2052:.
2020:,
2009:.
1991:.
1924::
1913:.
1766:;
1762:;
1678:.
1631:,
1627:,
1581:,
1577:,
1573:,
1527:,
1509:,
1477:,
1459:,
1455:,
1451:,
1447:,
1443:,
1397:,
1379:,
1375:,
1371:,
1353:,
1349:,
1345:,
1341:,
1337:,
1333:,
1329:,
1325:,
1321:,
1317:,
1313:,
1309:,
1305:,
1301:,
1297:,
1293:,
1289:,
1243:,
1239:,
1235:,
1217:,
1199:,
1195:,
1149:,
1131:,
1127:,
1123:,
1119:,
1115:,
1083:,
1051:,
1047:,
1043:,
1039:,
1035:,
1031:,
1027:,
1023:,
1019:,
1015:,
983:,
965:,
891:,
887:,
883:,
879:,
875:,
871:,
867:,
863:,
859:,
855:,
823:,
805:,
801:,
797:,
779:,
761:,
615:.
540:,
397:f.
393:X.
229:,
213:,
205:,
201:,
5745::
5460:)
5272:)
5266:(
5210:e
5203:t
5196:v
5182:.
5159:.
5121:.
5086:.
5058:"
5051:.
5037::
5015:"
5008:.
4982:.
4962:.
4932:.
4910::
4902::
4888:"
4870:.
4843:.
4826:"
4814:.
4797:"
4785:.
4759:.
4733:.
4706:.
4675:.
4645:.
4619:.
4605:"
4601:"
4589:.
4563:.
4540:.
4526::
4516::
4498:"
4485:.
4455:.
4441:"
4437:"
4425:.
4396:.
4369:.
4355::
4301:.
4271:"
4221:.
4203:.
4170:.
4158::
4131:.
4105:.
4091::
4064:.
4032:.
4023:.
3980:.
3951:.
3919::
3889:.
3857::
3851:7
3830:.
3802::
3772:.
3752::
3719:.
3699::
3691:(
3668:.
3630::
3590:.
3568::
3550:"
3534:.
3504::
3477:)
3473:(
3435:.
3397::
3366:)
3352:.
3303:.
3283::
3253:.
3249::
3226:.
3209:"
3198:.
3196:)
3185:.
3157::
3130:"
3112:.
3092::
3058:.
3038::
3030::
3003:.
2989::
2962:.
2934:"
2916:.
2886::
2855:.
2825::
2798:.
2768::
2740:.
2710::
2702::
2675:.
2645::
2618:.
2596::
2569:.
2543:.
2515::
2488:.
2484::
2457:.
2437::
2406:.
2373:.
2353::
2345::
2318:.
2293:.
2263::
2235:.
2215::
2185:.
2163::
2136:.
2114::
1666:(
1650:(
244:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
