39:
28:
136:. Over time, they grew larger and more systematic, with hundreds of individual volumes in a single collection. The oldest extant collection was established in 1823 at the University of Leningrad, and by the middle of the century they had been established in many European countries. Australia now houses 12 xylaria holding 11% of the world's wood specimens, while the Oxford Forestry Institute's xylarium holds about 13%.
47:
139:
In older xylotheques, the wooden volumes were typically made out of the same wood as the specimens inside and sometimes decorated with tree bark and associated lichens and mosses. Each volume housed seeds, flowers, twigs, and leaves from the corresponding tree or bush, along with a written
102:
meaning "separate place"). Traditionally, xylotheque specimens were in the form of book-shaped volumes, each made of a particular kind of wood and holding samples of the different parts of the corresponding plant. While the terms are often used interchangeably, some use
1490:
created a new hexagonal display chamber for the
Schildbach Xylotheque at the Natural History Museum in Kassel, Germany. As part of the project, he created six new volumes made of wood from each of the continents (excluding Antarctica).
1635:
111:
for modern collections in which some or all of the specimens are in simpler shapes, such as blocks or plaques with information engraved on their surfaces. Many countries have at least one xylotheque with native
140:
description hidden in a small compartment set into the inner spine. An alternative form of xylotheque found in Japan and elsewhere featured paintings of the plant parts rather than actual field specimens.
315:
162:
in New Haven, Connecticut, it was transferred to the U.S. Forest
Service's Forest Products Laboratory in 1969. The second largest xylotheque belongs to the
151:
properties of wood, such as durability and preservation. Xylotheques are also useful for anyone who needs to make a morphological-visual analysis of wood.
116:, and some also house flora from other parts of the world. They are valuable to specialists in forestry, botany, conservation, forensics, art restoration,
1672:
1648:
143:
Even a modest collection of wood samples has value, as each of its samples has a particular history. Xylotheques provide comparison samples for
1729:(1st ed.). Utrecht: International Bureau for Plant Taxonomy and Nomenclature of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy.
299:
249:
163:
1596:
1824:
327:
1861:
1799:
238:
38:
1866:
271:
1609:
331:
133:
295:
158:
Collection in the United States, which holds 98,000 samples. Formerly housed at the
Forestry School of
322:. In addition to the link to the PDF of this document provided in the reference list of this article,
307:
319:
303:
155:
1685:
205:
1544:
302:
as "No. 1" of the series. Stern then published the third revised edition of this work in 1988.
27:
1871:
1780:
1752:
1730:
1510:
298:(1926– ) who first published the work in 1967. A subsequent work in 1981 was published by the
31:
1779:(3rd ed.). Leiden: Rijksherbarium for the International Association of Wood Anatomists.
159:
132:
Xylotheques date back to the later 17th century, when wood specimens began to appear in
1856:
1850:
1500:
86:
that consists of a collection of authenticated wood specimens. It is also known as a
1712:
1266:
TERVUREN: Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika (Musée Royal de l'Afrique
Centrale).
117:
260:
1576:
698:
FLORENCE: Herbarium
Universitatis Florentinae and Erbario Tropicale di Firenze.
650:
DRESDEN: Wissenschaftlich-technisches
Zentrum der holzverarbeitenden Industrie.
121:
1784:
1756:
1505:
1487:
1483:
514:
BOGOR: Lembaga
Penelitian Hasil Hutan (Forest Products Research Institute).
148:
83:
1734:
216:
170:, Belgium, with 57,000 samples. The Thünen Institute of Wood Research in
167:
144:
51:
1418:
WAGENINGEN: Department of
Forestry Techniques, Agricultural University.
410:
BERLIN-DAHLEM: Botanischer Garten und
Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem.
341:
codes, locations, and institutional names included by Stern in his 1988
17:
1442:
XALAPA: Instituto
Nacional de Investigaciones Sobre Recursos Bióticos.
722:
HIGHETT: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization.
426:
SÃO PAULO: Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo.
227:
171:
1556:
147:, art historical studies, and scientific studies of the physical and
91:
77:
71:
1042:
MANAGUA: Nicaraguan Institute of Natural Resources and Environment.
1649:"Ministry to name Bogor's Xylarium world's largest wood collection"
1394:
WAGENINGEN: Department of Plant Taxonomy, Agricultural University.
738:
FRANKFURT AM MAIN: Naturmuseum und Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.
46:
1751:. Warsaw: Botanic Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences. 1981.
434:
BERLIN: Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
194:
113:
55:
45:
37:
26:
1599:. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government.
1798:
Lynch, Anna H.; Gasson, Peter E.; Lens, Frederic (March 2010) .
1715:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1986.
1298:
RECIFE: Fundação Instituto Tecnológico do Estado de Pernambuco.
1138:
HAMBURG: Bundesforschungsanstalt für Forst- und Holzwirtschaft.
562:
CHRISTCHURCH: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.
1577:"Xylotheks: Wondrous Wooden Books That Hold Wooden Collections"
842:
KEW: Royal Botanic Gardens, Economic and Conservation Section.
1777:
Index xylariorum: institutional wood collections of the world
1727:
Index xylariorum: institutional wood collections of the world
730:
BRASÍLIA: Instituto Brasileiro de Desenvolvimento Florestal.
570:
COLLEGE: Forest Products Research and Development Institute.
466:
BOGOTÁ: Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Madereras.
746:
GUANGZHOU: Forest Research Institùte of Guangdong Province.
294:
is a listing of the world's xylaria. It was conceived of by
1242:
STOCKHOLM: Swedish Institute for Wood Technology Research.
1840:
1330:
TSUKUBA: Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute.
994:
MÉXICO: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales.
107:
to refer to these older collections of wooden 'books' and
1402:
WINTERTHUR: The Henry Francis du Pont WinterthuT Museum.
1106:
BOROKO: Forest Products Research and Development Centre.
506:
SYRACUSE: College of Environmental Science and Forestry.
154:
The xylotheque with the largest number of samples is the
1547:
Claude E. Phillips Herbarium, Delaware State University.
954:
MADRID: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias.
834:
MONTE DOURADO: Superintendência de Pesquisa Florestal.
602:
NOGENT-SUR-MARNE: Cenfre Technique Forestier Tropical.
1825:"Mark Dion - The Schildbach Xylotheque 'Wood Library'"
1805:(Report). International Association of Wood Anatomists
326:
can also be accessed online as a database through the
1636:"Service for Timber Trade Associations and Consumers"
1114:
PRINCES RISBOROUGH: Building Research Establishment.
1098:
PRETORIA: South African Forestry Research Institute.
818:
MANAUS: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia.
594:
PARIS: Centre Technique du Bois et de l'Ameublement.
642:
QUITO: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales.
1686:"11 things you didn't know about wood! - BRE Group"
1130:RIO DE JANEIRO: Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.
1122:PRAGUE: Timber Research and Development Institute.
1610:"Forest Products Laboratory - USDA Forest Service"
1194:BEECROFT: Forestry Commission of New South Wales.
938:LISBON: Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil.
634:DEHRADUN: Forest Research Institute and Colleges.
318:updated the list in 2016 under the supervision of
1002:MÉXICO: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
866:KEW: Royal Botanic Gardens, Jodrell Laboratory.
300:Botanic Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences
490:LUCKNOW: BirbalSahni Institute of Paleobotany.
474:BUDAPEST: Hungarian Museum of Natural History.
394:AMLAI: Birla Institute of Scientific Research.
386:ALCOBAÇA; Estação de Experimentação Florestal.
1466:ZÜRICH: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule.
1210:STOCKHOLM: Swedish Museum of Natural History.
906:LENINGRAD: V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute.
794:SHENYANG: Institute of Forestry and Pedology.
682:IBADAN: Forest Research Institute of Nigeria.
345:. This list is provided for historic context.
42:Volumes in a xylotheque in Lilienfeld, Austria
1218:SãO PAULO: Instituto Florestal de São Paulo.
1090:PARIS: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle.
1034:ILANOTH: Agricultural Research Organisation.
826:MANAUS: Instituto de Tecnologia da Amazônia.
706:FLORENCE: Istituto per la Ricerca sul Legno.
586:BRISBANE: Queensland Department of Forestry.
8:
1591:
1589:
1450:YANGLING: Northwestern College of Forestry.
1282:TAIPEI: Taiwan Forestry Research Institute.
1162:CLAREMONT: Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden.
1154:RIO PIEDRAS: Instituteof Tropical Forestry.
858:KEPONG: Forest Research Institute Malaysia.
316:International Association of Wood Anatomists
1378:VIENNA: Forstlichen Bundesversuchsanstalt.
1354:BANGOR: University College of North Wales.
874:KAMPALA: Nakawa Forest Research Institute.
498:BULOLO: Papua New Guinea Forestry College.
97:
50:Interior of the Xiloteque Manuel Soler, in
1322:THARANDT: Technische Universität Dresden.
1226:STELLENBOSCH: University of Stellenbosch.
1082:RALEIGH: North Carolina State University.
962:MADISON: U.S. Forest Products Laboratory.
946:MADISON: U.S. Forest Products Laboratory.
922:LISBON: Jardim e Museu Agrícola Tropical.
762:HAVANA: Centro de Investigación Forestal.
458:LONDON: British Museum (Natural History).
348:
1631:
1629:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
530:CANBERRA: Australian National Herbarium.
357:codes and locations from 1988 publication
82:meaning "repository") is special form of
1843:— one of the largest private xylotheques
1386:VANCOUVER: Forintek Canada Corporation.
970:MILAN: Civico Museo de Storia Naturale.
786:LONDON: The Homiman Museum and Library.
754:GEORGETOWN: Guyana Forestry Commission.
554:CHRISTCHURCH: University of Canterbury.
363:
181:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1522:
1410:ADELAIDE: Woods and Forest Department.
1338:UTRECHT: Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht.
1290:THESSALONIKI: Aristotelian University.
674:PIRACICABA: Universidade de São Paulo.
546:CHTITAGONG: Forest Research Institute.
351:
1708:
1706:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1234:HAVANA: Academia de Ciencias de Cuba.
1058:BRONX: The New York Botanical Garden.
802:TURRIALBA: Universidad de Costa Rica.
770:ITAJAÍ: Herbário "Barbosa Rodrigues."
618:DELFT: TNO Timber Research Institute.
578:CONŒPCIÔN: Universidad de Concepción.
538:ILHÉUS: Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau.
522:BEIJING: Chinese Academy of Forestry.
1362:WASHINGTON: Smithsonian Institution.
1170:AMSTERDAM: Royal Tropical Institute.
1146:ROSENHEIM: Fachhochschule Rosenheim.
1074:OTTAWA: Forintek Canada Corporation.
1010:BELÉM: Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi.
850:KARAJ: College of Natural Resources.
610:LINHARES: Reserva Florestal da CVRD.
7:
1434:ROTORUA: Forest Research Institute.
1426:WAGENINGEN: Botanisch Laboratorium.
1346:RICHMOND: University of California.
1274:TAIPEI: National Taiwan University.
714:GAINESVILLE: University of Florida.
418:PARAMARIBO; Surinam Forest Service.
1597:"The Queensland Government Xylaria"
1559:. Kerala Forest Research Institute.
1250:GUANGZHOU: Sun Yat-Sen University.
1050:CARDIFF: National Museum of Wales.
778:HEFEI: Anhui Agricultural College.
442:HONOLULU: Bemice P. Bishop Museum.
1749:Index Xylariorum. No. 1, 1980-1981
1202:SÃO PAULO: Instituto de Botânica.
1178:SANDAKAN: Forest Research Centre.
1018:ANNARBOR: University of Michigan.
986:MÉRIDA: Universidad de los Andes.
450:BANGKOK: Royal Forest Department.
402:YEZIN: Forest Research Institute.
25:
1813:– via www.iawa-website.org.
1066:PORTLAND: World Forestry Center.
914:TUCUMÁN: Instituto Miguel Lillo.
1314:TORONTO: University of Toronto.
978:MEDELLIN: Universidad Nacional.
810:KINGSTON: Institute of Jamaica.
666:SANTIAGO: Universidad de Chile.
482:BRISBANE: Queensland Herbarium.
658:HEREDIA: Universidad Nacional.
378:CAMBRIDGE: Harvard University.
250:Building Research Establishment
1458:ZAGREB: University of Zagreb.
1258:SZEGED: Universitatis Szeged.
690:OXFORD: University of Oxford.
328:Global Timber Tracking Network
174:has more than 37,000 samples.
164:Royal Museum of Central Africa
1:
1775:Stern, William Louis (1988).
1725:Stern, William Louis (1967).
1370:CARACAS: Instituto Botánico.
1026:MUNICH: Universität München.
930:LIVERPOOL: Liverpool Museum.
1675:, Kew Royal Botanic Gardens.
1673:"Wood collection (xylarium)"
1486:13 in 2012, American artist
1309:
1306:TOKYO: University of Tokyo.
898:LAE: Department of Forests.
626:DUBLIN: University College.
92:
78:
72:
1186:KUCKNG: Forest Department.
353:Collapsed list of historic
269:
258:
236:
225:
214:
203:
191:
183:
1888:
1827:. Open File, Aug. 6, 2012.
882:KYOTO: Kyoto University.
890:LEIDEN: Rijksherbarium.
1713:"FAO Forestry Paper 71"
337:Below is a list of the
98:
59:
43:
35:
1841:Xiloteca Manuel Soler
367:Index xylariorum Code
193:Xylarium Bogoriense,
134:cabinets of curiosity
96:for "wood" and Latin
49:
41:
30:
1800:Index Xylariorum 4.1
324:Index Xylariorum 4.1
312:Index Xylariorum 4.1
178:Selected xylotheques
124:, and other fields.
1638:. Thünen Institute.
296:William Louis Stern
156:Samuel James Record
1478:In popular culture
206:Madison, Wisconsin
60:
44:
36:
1862:Botanical gardens
1614:www.fpl.fs.fed.us
1511:Botanical gardens
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
370:Institution Name
314:in 2010, and the
281:
280:
34:Xylotheque (1825)
32:Strahov Monastery
16:(Redirected from
1879:
1867:Forestry museums
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1823:Brindley, Jack.
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1583:, May 22, 2014.
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1501:List of woods
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320:Frederic Lens
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304:Anna H. Lynch
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1819:
1807:. Retrieved
1793:
1776:
1748:
1743:
1726:
1720:
1694:. Retrieved
1692:. 2016-08-01
1690:bregroup.com
1689:
1680:
1668:
1658:22 September
1656:. Retrieved
1652:
1643:
1617:. Retrieved
1613:
1604:
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289:
284:
153:
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131:
118:paleontology
108:
104:
87:
67:
63:
61:
274:(Australia)
197:(Indonesia)
122:archaeology
1851:Categories
1696:2023-08-03
1619:2015-09-21
1557:"Xylarium"
1545:"Xylarium"
149:mechanical
105:xylotheque
64:xylotheque
1506:Arboretum
1488:Mark Dion
1484:documenta
310:compiled
261:São Paulo
230:(Germany)
219:(Belgium)
185:Xyloteque
84:herbarium
1872:Herbaria
1785:19862369
1757:82560516
1495:See also
959:MAD-SJRw
330:website
272:Beecroft
263:(Brazil)
217:Tervuren
200:187,657
188:Samples
168:Tervuren
145:xylotomy
109:xylarium
88:xylarium
68:xylothek
18:Xylothek
277:13,000
266:17,000
255:30,000
244:34,000
239:RBG Kew
233:37,000
228:Hamburg
222:57,000
211:98,000
172:Hamburg
128:History
1809:7 June
1783:
1755:
1735:460416
1733:
975:MEDELw
919:LISJCw
535:CEPECw
79:theque
1803:(PDF)
1517:Notes
1351:UCNWw
1303:TOFOw
1279:TAIFw
1215:SPSFw
1207:S-PAw
1183:SARFw
1151:RPPRw
1015:MICHw
999:MEXUw
991:MEXFW
951:MADRw
935:LNECw
831:JARIw
815:INPAw
799:IICAw
743:FRIGw
711:FLASw
607:CVRDw
575:CONCw
543:CHITw
527:CANBw
495:BULHw
487:BSILw
439:BISHw
252:(UK)
195:Bogor
114:flora
99:arium
93:xylon
73:xylon
56:Spain
52:Dénia
1857:Wood
1811:2019
1781:OCLC
1753:OCLC
1731:OCLC
1660:2018
1482:For
1447:YANw
1439:XALw
1415:WIBw
1391:WAGw
1367:VENw
1327:TWTw
1319:TSFw
1311:TRTw
1295:TIPw
1287:TAUw
1271:TAIw
1255:SZDw
1247:SYSw
1239:SWTw
1223:STEw
1191:SFCw
1175:SANw
1167:RTIw
1159:RSAw
1135:RBHw
1111:PRFw
1103:PMPw
1095:PFPw
1087:PATw
1079:PACw
1063:NYJw
1047:NMWw
1039:NINw
1031:NATw
1023:MUNw
983:MERw
967:MCSw
943:MADw
927:LIVw
911:LILw
895:LAEw
879:KYOw
863:K-Jw
855:KEPw
847:KARw
823:ITAw
791:IFPw
775:HEFw
767:HBRw
727:FPBw
719:FPAw
687:FHOw
679:FHIw
671:ESAw
663:EIFw
647:DREw
639:DEQw
599:CTFw
591:CTBw
583:CQTw
567:CLPw
559:CHRw
551:CHNw
519:CAFw
511:BZFw
503:BWCw
479:BRIw
463:BOFw
447:BKFw
431:BHVs
423:BCTw
415:BBSw
383:ALCw
332:here
306:and
290:The
241:(UK)
1463:ZTw
1455:ZAw
1431:WZw
1423:WLw
1407:WFw
1399:WDw
1383:VLw
1375:VFw
1359:USw
1343:UCw
1231:SVw
1199:SPw
1143:RFw
1127:RBw
1119:PTw
1071:OLw
1055:NYw
1007:MGw
903:LEw
871:KNw
807:IJw
783:HMw
759:HBw
751:GTw
735:FRw
703:FLw
695:FIw
655:ECw
631:DDw
623:DBw
471:BPw
455:BMw
399:ARw
391:AMw
166:in
66:or
1853::
1765:^
1705:^
1688:.
1651:.
1628:^
1612:.
1588:^
1579:.
1564:^
1525:^
1335:Uw
1263:Tw
887:Lw
839:Kw
615:Dw
407:Bw
375:Aw
334:.
120:,
62:A
1787:.
1759:.
1737:.
1699:.
1662:.
1622:.
58:)
54:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
