872:), which was commissioned by Mánikc͟hi Sáhib. In Tehran, he was also imprisoned on three occasions. He was first imprisoned in December 1876 when it was found that he had converted to the Baháʼí Faith; he was released after five months. He was next imprisoned in 1882-83 for 19 months, with 50 or so other Baháʼís in Tehran, when the governor of the city, Kamran Mirza, ordered their arrests at the instigation of Sayyid Sadiq Sanglaji, a religious leader in the city. Then, in October 1885 he was imprisoned for another six months, once again, due to orders from Kamran Mirza.
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blacksmith asked, 'that if there is a dog in a house no angel will ever visit that house?' Before thinking of the connection between the two questions, Mirza Abu'l-Faḍl responded in the affirmative. 'In that case', commented the blacksmith, 'no rain should ever fall in a house where a dog is kept.' Mirza Abu'l-Faḍl, the noted learned man of Islam, was now confounded by an illiterate blacksmith. His rage knew no bounds, and his companions noticed that he was filled with shame. They whispered to him, 'This blacksmith is a Baháʼí!'"
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916:. During his time in Ashgabat, Haji Muhammad Rida Isfahani, a prominent Baháʼí was assassinated; Abu'l-Faḍl acted as the spokesman on behalf of the Baháʼí at the trial of the murders, and helped establish the independence of the Baháʼí Faith from Islam for the Russian government. In Samarkand, his teaching efforts allowed for the conversion of the first
608:
1041:, states that Abu'l-Faḍl possessed a critical mind, and had a complete devotion to the Baháʼí Faith. Momen states that Abu'l-Faḍl's writings "show a keen understanding of modern currents of thought remarkable in a man who only knew oriental languages." and was able to apply the Baháʼí teachings to a wide range of different issues.
1259:, which was hostile to the Baháʼí Faith, Abu'l-Faḍl began working on refutations of that book. When he learned that other Baháʼí scholars had also started working on refutations that had reached an advanced stage, he suspended his writing. He never completed the book, and when his papers were sent to his cousin in
860:. During his time at the school, a number of Zoroastrians converted to the Baháʼí Faith including Ustad Javanmard and Mulla Bahram Akhtar-Khavari. He continued to teach the Baháʼí Faith during the next ten years that he spent in Tehran, and helped Mírzá Husayn Hamadani produce an account of the history of the
807:
it is stated that each drop of rain is accompanied by an angel from heaven? And that this angel brings down the rain to the ground?' 'This is true,' Mirza Abu'l-Faḍl responded. After a pause, the blacksmith begged to be allowed to ask another question to which Mirza gave his assent. 'Is it true', the
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Ustad Husayn-i-Na'l-Band (shoeing smith), who was illiterate, was tempted to enter into conversation with the learned man. He said to Mirza that since he had honoured him with his presence, it would be a great privilege for him if he could be allowed to ask a question which had perplexed his mind for
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was assassinated in Iran, an enemy of the Baháʼís, Zaʻimu'd-Dawlih, used the rumour that the assassination had been performed by Baháʼís, to cause a massacre of the Baháʼís in Egypt. When Abu'l-Faḍl stood up in defence for the Baháʼís and stated that he himself was a Baháʼí, his allegiance became
847:
A few months later, when precisely the events foretold in the tablets occurred, Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl accepted the Baháʼí Faith and became a Baháʼí on 20 September 1876. As soon as he became a Baháʼí, Abu'l-Faḍl began to teach the new religion to others, and when news spread of his conversion away from
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was in the beginning of 1876 during his time in Tehran. Abu'l-Faḍl, at one point, met an uneducated cloth-seller, named Aqa ʻAbdu'l-Karim, with whom he would have discussions over difficult religious questions. Over time Abu'l-Faḍl came to appreciate ʻAbdu'l-Karim's keenness and moral qualities,
737:
at one of the religious colleges in the city; he was given a room by one of the prayer leaders, Imam-Jumʻih, Sayyid
Muhammad Sultanu'l-ʻUlama, who was a friend of his father's. Abu'l-Faḍl remained at the college for three years, becoming well-versed in several branches of knowledge. Abu'l-Faḍl's
1081:"His Honour Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl has written a treatise answering the criticisms of a London preacher. Each one of you should have a copy. Read, memorize and reflect upon it. Then, when accusations and criticisms are advanced by those unfavourable to the Cause, you will be well armed."
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backgrounds, and his concepts in the presentation of the Baháʼí Faith continue to be important today. After his death, his papers, including several unfinished works, were taken to
Ashqabat, where his nephew lived; many of these papers were, however, lost during the
971:, by request of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, where his talks and writings enabled the fledgling Baháʼí communities to gain confidence and a clear understanding of the religion. During his travels, he was accompanied by Laura Clifford Barney, an American Baháʼí. In
798:"It so happened that on the way out one of the donkeys lost a shoe, so the party called at the nearest blacksmith for help. Noticing the long beard and large turban of Mirza Abu'l-Faḍl -- indications of his vast knowledge -- the
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Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl wrote on a wide range of Baháʼí subjects, including extensive amounts of material about the proofs of Baháʼu'lláh's mission. He was consistently praised by the central figures of the Baháʼí Faith and
713:, in June or July 1844. His family were prominent religious scholars in the village; his father, Mirza Muhammad Rida Shariʻatmadar, was a religious leader, and his mother, Sharafu'n-Nisa, was related to the
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In addition to the books that Abu'l-Faḍl wrote, he also wrote a number of shorter works in response to questions addressed to him; some of these letters have been published in a number of compilations:
794:, Abu'l-Faḍl was saddened. Abu'l-Faḍl, however, became curious about the Baháʼí Faith, and asked to meet other Baháʼís. There is a famous story of Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl's meeting with a Baháʼí blacksmith:
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in mid 1911. Near the end of 1912, Abu'l-Faḍl he became ill, and Aqa
Muhammad-Taqi Isfahani was able to move Abu'l-Faḍl to his house in Cairo, where he remained until his death on 21 January 1914.
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884:, especially after he received letters from Baháʼu'lláh in 1886 asking him to travel to teach the Baháʼí Faith. It was principally through his writings that the Baháʼí Faith was presented to the
751:, or speculative theology, at the Madrasih Hakim Hashim, one of the religious colleges in the city. During his time there he continued learning about philosophy and mystical philosophy, or
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1286:: Published in Persian in Tehran in 1977, and contains 23 treatises and 59 letters. Some of the treatises from this work have been translated by Juan Cole into English in
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1313:(Treatise of Alexander): Written in response to a request by E.G. Browne to write about the life of Baháʼu'lláh among other things. The letter was named in honour of
975:, his talks were translated by Anton Haddad, and over 30 people became Baháʼís. Then in the autumn of 1901 he travelled to the United States, and specifically to
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1145:(The Brilliant Proof): Published, along with an English translation, in Chicago in 1912, the paper responds to a Christian clergyman's questions. Republished as
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1235:(Book of Justification): While no manuscript of this book currently exists, it was referred to in Abu'l-Faḍl's other works and seems to have dealt with the
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and gave talks to both Baháʼís and the general population. During this time, he also continuously worked on an introductory book on the Baháʼí Faith.
757:, by attending the lectures of Mírzá Abu'l-Hasan Jilvih, one of the leading figures on the subject. He also discussed the history of religion with two
1160:(In Explanation of Massacre Verses that Prophesy Dates): Written in 1888, the work discusses the date of the prophecies concerning the coming of the
1323:(The Báb and Bábísm): A brief history of the Baháʼí Faith commissioned by the editor of the Egyptian magazine Al-Muqtataf after the assassination of
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and published in Cairo. Generally considered Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl's greatest work, written in
Persian, with occasional citations of Arabic statements.
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world. Abu'l-Faḍl also became friends with writers and magazine publishers, and he authored many articles in the
Egyptian press. In 1896, when
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Two treatises on the
Covenant: Published in 1911 in Cairo consisting of two treatises written in 1899 and 1896 which deal with proofs from the
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1245:(The Baháʼí Proofs): A book written while in the United States, which explains and defends the Baháʼí Faith from a Christian point of view.
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father died in the winter of 1871, and after his death, Abu'l-Faḍl's brothers schemed against him and took all their father's inheritance.
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where he stayed during July and August 1903 and lectured to a Baháʼí audience. In 1904, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá asked that Abu'l-Faḍl return to the
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816:, Mirza Ismaʻil Dhabih and Aqa Mirza Haydar ʻAli Ardistani. While he was at Mirza Ismaʻil Dhabih's house, he read two of Baháʼu'lláh's
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1108:(The Shining Pearls): Published in 1900, it is a collection of essays on the history of the Baháʼí Faith. Since it was written in
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Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl lived most of his later years in Cairo until his death on 21 January 1914. During his final years, he visited
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but when eventually he learnt that ʻAbdu'l-Karim was a Baháʼí and that the points he was making were predominantly derived from
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from the Sultan. He determined that if the events portrayed in those tablets came to pass, he would believe in Baháʼu'lláh.
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of Iran in such a way as to bring a large number of them into accepting Baháʼu'lláh. During his travels in Iran he visited
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1022:. Abu'l-Faḍl was in Egypt when ʻAbdu'l-Bahá visited Egypt in August 1910, and he stayed near ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in
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Bibliography of works contained in the library of Mirzá Abu'l-Faḍl held in the Baháʼí World Centre
Library
1186:(Treatise addressed to Ayyub): Written in 1887, concerning prophecies relating to the Promised One in the
693:. His given name was Muhammad, and he chose the alias Abu'l-Faḍl (progenitor of virtue) for himself, but
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Islam, he was removed from the religious college. He found a new position as a teacher at a school for
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of the town. Abu'l-Faḍl completed his preliminary education in
Gulpaygan, and then successively went to
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scholars who were in Tehran at the same time, and attended science classes at the élite school of
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regarding the persecution of the
Promised One. The book was written in reply to an attack by an
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1263:, his cousin worked on completing the book, of which 132 of 438 pages are written by Abu'l-Faḍl.
1054:. His papers and letters include a wide range of presentations of the Baháʼí Faith for those of
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In the next several months, Abu'l-Faḍl met with some of the leading Baháʼís including
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some time. When permission was granted he said, 'Is it true that in the
Traditions of
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prophethood from Christian and Jewish scripture. It also explains the verse from the
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were published in 1897-1900 the al-Azhar University decreed that Abu'l-Faḍl was an
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832:(Tablet of Fu'ad Pasha), which contain prophecies both of the fall of the
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1096:(The Peerless Gems): A book written in 1898 in reply to an attack on the
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A treatise regarding Baháʼu'lláh's ancestry which traces it to the last
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The Revelation of Baháʼu'lláh, Volume 3: ʻAkka, The Early Years 1868-77
1559:(Hardcover ed.), Wilmette, Illinois, US: Baháʼí Publishing Trust,
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After his 1882 imprisonment, he began extensive travels throughout the
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Mirza Abu'l-Faḍl Gulpaygani - Collected Works in Arabic and Persian
1280:: Published in Cairo in 1920 and contains 16 letters and treatises.
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frequently addressed him as Abu'l-Fada'il (progenitor of virtues).
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After his death, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá gave a eulogy which can be found in
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in 1892; among its subjects, it discusses the traditions in
904:. In 1888 and the three years thereafter he travelled to
1317:, who had also requested information about Baháʼu'lláh.
1196:(The Decisive Utterance): A large book written in
1455:, Oxford: Oneworld Publications, pp. 22–23,
741:In October 1873, Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl was invited to
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729:to continue his education. In 1868 he left for
1512:, Oxford, UK: George Ronald, pp. 309–312,
939:, the foremost institution of learning in the
1449:"Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl Gulpáygání, Mírzá Muḥammad"
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196:
8:
1675:Converts to the Bahá'í Faith from Shia Islam
705:Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl was born in a village near
1506:Eminent Baháʼís in the time of Baháʼu'lláh
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1453:A concise encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith
1346:Eminent Baháʼís in the time of Baháʼu'lláh
781:Conversion to the Baháʼí Faith and arrests
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1211:cleric. No known copy of the work exists.
923:In 1894 Abu'l-Faḍl spent ten months with
785:Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl's first encounters with
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1278:Majmuʻiy-i-Rasaʼil-i-Hadrat-i-Abi'l-Faḍl
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1340:. Part of this text was translated by
963:Between 1900 and 1904 he travelled to
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1147:Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl Gulpáygání (1998),
1122:Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl Gulpáygání (1981),
1556:The Promulgation of Universal Peace
658:
1359:Mírzá Asadu'llah Fádil Mázandarání
1251:(The Uncovering of Error): After
25:
986:Abu'l-Faḍl then travelled to the
852:children that was established by
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1229:"Then it is ours to explain it."
1221:, the paper provides proofs for
948:public; then when his two books
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234:
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27:Prominent Iranian Baháʼí scholar
1423:"Abu'l-Faḍl Gulpaygani, Mirza"
1128:, Los Angeles: Kalimát Press,
920:Baháʼí, Dr. ʻAta'u'llah Khan.
826:(Tablet of the Chief) and the
669:scholar who helped spread the
665:(1844–1914), was the foremost
1:
1630:Works by Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl
1611: (archived May 25, 2005).
1584:, Oxford, UK: George Ronald,
663:Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl-i-Gulpáygání
42:Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl-i-Gulpáygání
1705:Iranian expatriates in Egypt
1365:ʻAbdu'l-Hamíd Ishráq-Khávari
1153:, Los Angeles: Kalimát Press
1695:20th-century Iranian people
1690:19th-century Iranian people
1636:(public domain audiobooks)
1615:Baha'i Encyclopedia article
1303:, and about the actions of
1726:
1344:and published in his book
1215:Risaliyyih Iskandaraniyyih
1158:Sharh-i-Ayat-i-Mu'arrakhih
864:and Baháʼí religions, the
834:Ottoman Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz
393:Universal House of Justice
29:
1710:Iranian religious writers
1073:once wrote, referring to
564:Socioeconomic development
988:Green Acre Baháʼí School
1655:Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh
1217:: Published along with
931:, then in 1894 went to
689:who never actually met
687:Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh
685:. He is one of the few
378:Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh
354:Some Answered Questions
50:Part of a series on the
1700:People from Golpayegan
1243:Al-Hujaju'l-Baháʼíyyih
1125:Miracles and metaphors
1118:Miracles and Metaphors
569:Progressive revelation
44:
1447:Smith, Peter (2000),
1311:Risalih Iskandariyyih
1164:in the scriptures of
1006:on 29 November 1904.
509:Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh
474:Letters of the Living
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18:Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl
1685:20th-century Bahá'ís
1680:19th-century Bahá'ís
1321:Al-Bab wa'l-Babiyyih
1289:Letters & Essays
1219:Al-Duraru'l-Bahiyyih
1106:Al-Duraru'l-Bahiyyih
954:Al-Duraru'l-Bahiyyih
398:Spiritual Assemblies
383:Administrative Order
162:Shaykh Muhammad-ʻAlí
30:For other uses, see
1150:The Brilliant Proof
1075:The Brilliant Proof
937:Al-Azhar University
840:and of the loss of
90:("King of Martyrs")
87:Sultánu'sh-Shuhadaʼ
1325:Nasser al-Din Shah
1315:Alexander Tumansky
1284:Rasa'il wa Raqa'im
1184:Risalih Ayyubiyyih
1065:Russian Revolution
454:Hands of the Cause
314:Nineteen Day Feast
167:Zaynu'l-Muqarrabín
45:
1488:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1982
1305:Covenant-breakers
1233:The Kitab-i-Ibrar
1037:, a historian of
945:Nasiru'd-Din Shah
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289:Unity of humanity
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1568:
1566:0-87743-172-8
1562:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1529:on 2020-04-16
1525:
1521:
1519:0-85398-152-3
1515:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1501:Balyuzi, H.M.
1496:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1478:, pp. 93
1477:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1462:1-85168-184-1
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1429:on 2008-05-13
1428:
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1419:Momen, Moojan
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1257:Nuqtatu'l-Kaf
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1032:
1031:Baháʼí Proofs
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1004:New York City
1001:
997:
993:
989:
984:
982:
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969:United States
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814:Nabíl-i-Akbar
806:
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797:
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788:
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765:, founded by
764:
763:Dar ol-Fonoon
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749:
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736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
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715:prayer leader
712:
708:
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688:
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683:United States
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464:Other Baháʼís
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337:
335:
334:
333:Kitáb-i-Aqdas
330:
329:
326:Key scripture
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312:
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158:
155:
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152:Mishkín-Qalam
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
137:Nabíl-i-Aʻzam
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
122:Nabíl-i-Akbar
120:
118:
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59:
53:
49:
48:
39:
33:
19:
1619:Moojan Momen
1580:
1555:
1551:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá
1531:, retrieved
1524:the original
1505:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1452:
1442:
1431:. Retrieved
1427:the original
1345:
1342:H.M. Balyuzi
1338:Yazdgerd III
1320:
1310:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1256:
1248:
1242:
1232:
1218:
1214:
1193:
1183:
1170:Christianity
1162:Promised One
1157:
1149:
1142:
1124:
1117:
1105:
1099:Kitáb-i-Íqán
1097:
1091:
1086:Publications
1074:
1071:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá
1069:
1048:
1045:As an author
1035:Moojan Momen
1030:
1028:
1013:
985:
962:
953:
949:
941:Sunni Muslim
925:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá
922:
879:
869:
865:
856:, an Indian
846:
829:Lawh-i-Fu'ád
827:
823:Lawh-i-Ra'ís
821:
811:
805:Shí'ah Islam
784:
769:, the grand
752:
746:
740:
704:
695:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá
679:Turkmenistan
671:Baháʼí Faith
662:
650:
649:
558:Other topics
531:World Centre
479:Mullá Husayn
372:Institutions
352:
345:
340:Kitáb-i-Íqán
338:
331:
284:Unity of God
261:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá
228:Baháʼí Faith
112:Mírzá Mahmúd
101:
1670:1914 deaths
1665:1844 births
1373:(1921–2000)
1367:(1902–1972)
1361:(1881–1957)
1292:including:
1253:E.G. Browne
1206:Adharbayjan
1010:Later years
1000:Middle East
850:Zoroastrian
836:and vizier
691:Baháʼu'lláh
594:Orthography
431:Persecution
360:Other Texts
251:Baháʼu'lláh
172:Ibn-i-Asdaq
132:Ibn-i-Abhar
117:Hají Ákhúnd
58:Baháʼu'lláh
56:Apostles of
1649:Categories
1544:References
1533:2010-09-10
1433:2007-02-19
1223:Muhammad's
1202:Shia Islam
1024:Alexandria
842:Adrianople
838:ʻAli Páshá
800:blacksmith
767:Amir Kabir
701:Early life
681:, and the
589:Statistics
584:Prophecies
536:Pilgrimage
526:Síyáh-Chál
76:Mírzá Músá
32:Abu'l-Faḍl
1553:(1982) ,
1261:Ashkhabad
1198:Samarqand
1114:Juan Cole
1056:Christian
910:Samarkand
745:to teach
733:to study
707:Gulpaygan
574:Cosmology
279:Teachings
97:Hájí Amín
1634:LibriVox
1578:(1984),
1503:(1985),
1353:See also
1334:Sasanian
1299:and the
1237:Covenant
967:and the
906:Ashgabat
759:Buddhist
612:Category
459:Apostles
421:Timeline
309:Calendar
220:a series
218:Part of
142:Samandar
1607:at the
1268:Letters
1174:Judaism
1093:Fara'id
977:Chicago
958:infidel
950:Fara'id
914:Bukhara
894:Isfahan
876:Travels
818:tablets
787:Baháʼís
731:Isfahan
723:Karbala
655:Persian
579:Symbols
484:Táhirih
410:History
256:The Báb
1588:
1563:
1516:
1459:
1336:king,
1301:Qurʼan
1227:Qurʼan
1176:, and
1132:
1110:Arabic
1060:Jewish
1016:Beirut
918:Afghan
912:, and
902:Tabriz
890:Kashan
820:, the
771:vizier
743:Tehran
667:Baháʼí
661:), or
514:Qiblih
498:Places
443:People
426:Bábism
304:Prayer
273:Basics
222:on the
180:
1527:(PDF)
1510:(PDF)
1378:Notes
1297:Bible
1188:Torah
1166:Islam
1020:Haifa
996:Maine
992:Eliot
973:Paris
965:Paris
933:Cairo
929:'Akká
858:Parsi
754:Irfan
748:Kalam
727:Najaf
675:Egypt
541:Haifa
469:Bábis
107:Varqá
81:Badíʻ
1586:ISBN
1561:ISBN
1514:ISBN
1457:ISBN
1209:Shia
1130:ISBN
1058:and
1018:and
952:and
900:and
898:Yazd
886:Jews
862:Bábí
725:and
719:Arak
711:Iran
546:Acre
299:Laws
157:Adíb
1632:at
1617:by
1116:as
990:in
927:in
773:to
673:in
1651::
1451:,
1386:^
1172:,
1168:,
1077::
1067:.
1033:.
994:,
960:.
908:,
896:,
892:,
721:,
709:,
677:,
657::
1621:.
1465:.
1436:.
1348:.
1327:.
1307:.
1239:.
1190:.
1180:.
1139:)
1120:(
868:(
653:(
639:e
632:t
625:v
204:e
197:t
190:v
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
