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became associated with the idea of the ruler's personal counsellor or advisor on military matters, and as such became the highest rank in Arab countries and the
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The rank of Mushir in Iraq is known as "Muhib" and is used in all official and unofficial addresses. Saddam
Hussein as commander-in-chief of the
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As an official title, it historically indicates a personal advisor to the ruler. In this use it is roughly comparable to the
European titles of
421:
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565:), or "staff general". (Hussein never actually served in the Iraqi Army but commanded as ruler of Iraq.) After Hussein's fall in the
532:. A Mushir was the most senior of all naval officers and the rank was rarely bestowed. The sleeve insignia was the same as a British
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549:) in the Iraqi army, and the uniform which he typically wore was that of a staff muhib. He was the only muhib in the
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1204:. Area Handbook (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. pp. 226–227.
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492:, for armies, navies, and air forces. It is therefore equivalent to the ranks of
456:) is an Arabic word meaning "counsellor" or "advisor". It is related to the word
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1113:"FACTBOX: Egypt's longest-serving defence minister Mohamed Hussein Tantawy"
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1263:(in Arabic). Republic of Sudan Ministry of Defence. Archived from
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1141:"Egypt's General Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi promoted Field Marshal"
484:. It is used as the highest rank in most armed forces of the
581:, the rank of Mushir is typically held ceremonially by the
2222:
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1194:
Kechichian, Joseph A. (1990). "National
Security". In
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
27:Highest rank in most militaries of the Middle East
585:, and translated as "First class Field Marshal".
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526:maintained a fleet admiral rank known as
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
1237:(in Arabic). Jordanian Armed Forces
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2221:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
2164:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
942:Royal Armed Forces of Saudi Arabia
287:Historical military ranks of Egypt
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1927:Marshal of the Russian Federation
1625:Marshal of the Russian Federation
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589:List of Egyptian field marshals
543:was an honorary "staff muhib" (
45:needs additional citations for
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1:
1175:. Ministry of Defense (Egypt)
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714:(1927–1981): Posthumously
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620:Horatio Herbert Kitchener
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1922:Marshal of the air force
1884:Supreme Allied Commander
1674:Supreme Allied Commander
1605:Marshal of the air force
1530:General of the Air Force
735:(born 1954): Active duty
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2160:–related article is a
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1314:Highest military ranks
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666:King Hussein of Jordan
2126:Marshal of Yugoslavia
1894:General of the Armies
1535:General of the Armies
1201:Iraq: a country study
962:Sudanese Armed Forces
792:Egyptian Armed Forces
762:Bahrain Defence Force
708:(1920–1999): Honorary
702:(1923–1983): Honorary
567:2003 invasion of Iraq
2217:or appointment is a
2068:Strategos autokrator
1901:Generalfeldmarschall
1541:Generalfeldmarschall
1494:Admiral of the fleet
1121:. September 21, 2021
733:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
694:Abdel Ghani Elgamasy
627:Sultan Hussein Kamel
534:Admiral of the Fleet
510:Field marshal (Iraq)
498:Admiral of the Fleet
54:improve this article
2288:Military rank stubs
1997:Constable of France
1889:Admiral of the Navy
1879:of the Soviet Union
1748:Star officer grades
1499:Admiral of the Navy
1383:Constable of France
1267:on 19 November 2019
1066:Royal Egyptian Army
992:Syrian Armed Forces
882:Libyan Armed Forces
664:21 February 1955 –
639:'Aziz 'Ali al-Misri
625:20 December 1914 –
614:Yahya Mansur Yeghen
602:Abbas I Hilmi Pasha
469:Counsellor of State
2213:This article on a
1196:Metz, Helen Chapin
1149:. January 27, 2014
822:Iraqi Armed Forces
731:27 January 2014 –
706:Mohammed Aly Fahmy
541:Iraqi Armed Forces
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1569:Grand marshal
1567:
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1557:Generalissimo
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608:Ibrahim Pasha
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584:
583:House of Saud
580:
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494:Field Marshal
491:
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110:November 2021
102:
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92:
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85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2223:expanding it
2212:
2166:expanding it
2155:
2009:Dux bellorum
1936:
1792:
1764:Flag officer
1699:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1666:
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1580:
1573:
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1517:
1510:
1503:
1452:
1445:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1394:Dux bellorum
1392:
1375:
1368:
1356:
1332:Flag officer
1269:. Retrieved
1265:the original
1260:
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1234:
1231:"رتب الضباط"
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1200:
1189:
1177:. Retrieved
1172:
1163:
1151:. Retrieved
1144:
1135:
1123:. Retrieved
1116:
1107:
1080:Ottoman Army
1020:
990:
960:
941:
910:
880:
850:
820:
790:
760:
712:Ahmed Badawi
659:King Fuad II
579:Saudi Arabia
576:
573:Saudi Arabia
562:فريق اول ركن
538:
513:
490:North Africa
473:
462:
441:
440:
301:
151:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2158:Middle East
1769:Air officer
1639:Yugoslavia
1512:Dayuanshuai
1337:Air officer
1261:mod.gov.sd/
1235:jaf.mil.jo/
1153:October 11,
1125:October 11,
668:(1935–1999)
661:(born 1952)
654:(1882–1951)
647:(1920–1965)
645:King Farouk
641:(1879–1965)
635:(1868–1936)
633:King Fuad I
629:(1853–1917)
622:(1850–1916)
616:(1837–1913)
610:(1789–1848)
604:(1813–1854)
486:Middle East
319:Fariq awwal
224:Kol Aghassi
2262:Categories
2109:Yuan shuai
2082:Dai-gensui
1981:Ispahsalar
1793:(proposed)
1519:Dai-gensui
1425:Megas doux
1411:Ispahsalar
1370:Autokrator
1215:20 October
1173:mod.gov.eg
1099:References
755:Air Force
551:Iraqi Army
524:Iraqi Navy
80:newspapers
1990:Beylerbey
1858:By titles
1694:Yuanshuai
1436:Rigsmarsk
1431:Polemarch
1405:Imperator
1377:Beylerbey
2091:Taewonsu
2059:Serasker
1954:Caudillo
1680:Taewonsu
1465:Sparapet
1447:Serasker
1210:89013940
1146:Al-Ahram
1118:Al-Ahram
1087:See also
1052:Historic
546:مهيب ركن
372:Muqaddam
364:Bimbashi
355:Qaimaqam
346:Amiralay
292:Officers
206:Kaymakam
142:Officers
69:"Mushir"
2133:Marshal
1972:Spāhbed
1915:Mareşal
1701:Marshal
1653:Marshal
1594:Mareşal
1588:Marshal
1562:Marshal
1460:Spahbed
1346:Ancient
1241:12 June
1198:(ed.).
724:1993 –
717:1982 –
650:1949 –
215:Binbaşı
197:Miralay
188:Mirliva
94:scholar
2050:Sardar
2023:Hetman
1939:Mushir
1847:
1836:
1825:
1814:
1803:
1789:
1661:Mushir
1483:Modern
1470:Hetman
1454:Shōgun
1441:Sardar
1364:Ataman
1271:1 July
1208:
1179:30 May
529:Mushir
522:, the
477:mushir
450:Arabic
444:Mushir
401:Askari
391:Others
311:Sirdar
302:Mushir
169:Serdar
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2156:This
2100:Wonsu
1945:Müşir
1687:Wonsu
752:Navy
749:Army
458:shura
328:Fariq
244:Çavuş
179:Ferik
152:Müşir
101:JSTOR
87:books
18:Müşir
2219:stub
2162:stub
1505:Aluf
1273:2021
1243:2021
1217:2021
1206:LCCN
1181:2021
1155:2021
1127:2021
516:Iraq
504:Iraq
496:and
488:and
467:and
454:مشير
381:Sagh
337:Liwa
73:news
577:In
514:In
471:.
56:by
2264::
2124:/
2111:/
1171:.
1143:.
1115:.
536:.
500:.
452::
368:,
315:,
2250:e
2243:t
2236:v
2225:.
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2168:.
1942:/
1740:e
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1245:.
1219:.
1183:.
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1129:.
559:(
448:(
430:e
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273:e
266:t
259:v
173:)
165:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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