310:
Kee Shein Mang and
Stephen Nolan (2010) published a three way (English-Burmese-Kʼchò) dictionary of over 4,500 words of the Hmǒng-k'cha dialect as well. It was designed to be used in conjunction with the Kʼchò-English Jordan dictionary. It includes the semantic categories included, tone on all items,
441:
Bedell, George and Kee Shein Mang. 2009, Benefactives in K’cho. North East Indian
Linguistics. Volume 2. Eds Stephen Morey, Mark Post. Pp 241-256*Bedell, George and Kee Shein Mang. 2001. Oct. "Interclausal Ergativity" in Kʼchò. Unpublished notes stimulated by Peterson and Van Bik presented to the UC
297:
It was based upon years of life and work among the people, and included around 7,000 words, and an initial grammar description based on
European models. The dialect described there is what Mang calls Hmǒng-k'cha and has several thousand vocabulary items and a sizeable grammar description.
473:
Nolan, Stephen and Kee Shein Mang 2003b. Tonal diacritics, vowel length, stem II verbal forms and extended definitions added to 199 pages of the 1969 Jordan, Marc M.E.C. Chin
Dictionary and Grammar, Mindat, Chin State, Myanmar. Unpublished
259:
After a sociolinguistics survey in the K'cho speaking area in 2005, Kee Shein Mang, a linguist and a native speaker of Kʼchò (Hmǒng-kcha dialect group) recognised the following dialects (Mang 2006:1-4, and Mang and Nolan 2010b:35)
448:
Mang, Kee Shein and George Bedell. 2008. Relative
Clauses in Kʼchò. Paul Sidwell & Uri Tamor, eds. SEALSXVI: papers from the 16th meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society. Canberra, Pacific Linguistics, 2008, pp
234:
Ng'mèèn is said to be a K'hngì Yung term referring to those north of their river area in what is now Mìndàt (including further north of it). It is not clear whether the term Ng'mèèn includes Nìtŭ and Hlet Lòng or not (Mang
461:
Nolan, Stephen. 2003 Verbal
Alternation in Kʼchò: A Phonological Outline of Verb Stems. Presented at the 36th International Conference of Sino-Tibetan Language and Linguistics. La Trobe University. Australia
325:
Other papers include a large number written by George Bedell (grammar description, analysis, comparative work) and some by
Stephen Nolan (dictionary, tone system description). See below for details.
467:
Nolan, Stephen 2000. An
Initial Description of Tone in ‘Cho. Proceedings of the 33rdInternational Conference of Sino-Tibetan Language and Linguistics, Ramkhamhaeng University, Thailand, pp. 69-77.
231:
Müün is reported to be the group named after a mountain in the Hlet Lòng area. The form Ng'Müün is used by So-Hartmann (2009: 20, 25), but is not known by the K'cho people (Mang 2006:2).
502:
411:
1214:
495:
333:
The bible is available in several translations: The New
Testament was translated by Sayar Ng'Thang Ngai Om in the Nìtŭ dialect (print and bible app)
224:/ is the native term for the people and the language. Alternate names have included Cho, K’cho, 'Cho, K’cho Chin, Mindat, Mün/Müün, Ng'men/Ng'meen.
228:
Kʼchò is thought to be related to other native terms for Chin tribes, such as Zo, Kkhyou, Laizo, Asho and Hyow (Mang 2006: 4, So-Hartmann 2009:19).
452:
Mang, Kee Shein and
Stephen Nolan. 2010. Kʼchò Educational Poster (Animals, Birds, Reptiles, Fish, Insects, Worms) (Yangon). Private Publication.
398:
Lehman, F. K. 1963. The Structure of Chin Society. A Tribal People of Burma Adapted to a Non-Western Civilization. University of Illinois Press.
488:
455:
Nolan, Stephen 2021. Tone and Pitch Lowering Behaviour in K'cho. A paper presented at the Australian Linguistics Society. La Trobe University.
305:
F. K. Lehman, 1963, wrote an anthropological work on Chin society, which includes some information about what appears to be the Nìtŭ dialect.
337:
The Bible Society of Myanmar. 1999. Caciim K'thai. Cho (Chin) New Testament. The Bible Society of Myanmar (Translated by Ng'Thang Ngai Om).
458:
Nolan, Stephen. 2006. High/Low Dissimilation in Kʼchò. Delivered to students at Payap University, Chiangmai, Thailand. Unpublished paper.
1271:
1207:
438:
Bedell, George. 2001. Switch Reference in Kʼchò. Presented to the workshop on Tibeto-Burman Linguistics. UC Santa Barbara. University.
445:
Mang, Kee Shein and George Bedell, 2012. The Applicative Suffix –na in Kʼchò. Language in India. Volume 12:1 January pp 51 - 69
83:
408:
250:), but this turned out to be a derogatory name applied to other close languages, and it has been abandoned for those reasons.
2198:
1200:
966:
511:
89:
2193:
1413:
1299:
815:
613:
99:
1337:
676:
341:
The Catholic K'cho Old and New Testaments were translated by Sayar John Ng'Ling Ghùng and are in Hmong-K'cha dialect.
316:
Kee Shein Mang (2006) wrote a Masters thesis describing the stem alternation seen in the Hmǒng-k'cha dialect of Kʼchò.
477:
So-Hartmann, Helga 2009. A Descriptive Grammar of Daai Chin. STEDT Monograph 7. University of California, Berkeley.
2025:
464:
Nolan, Stephen. 2002. Spelling and the Alphabet in Kʼchò. Asian Cultural Studies Volume 28:127-138. Tokyo. Japan
2070:
1876:
1665:
1087:
941:
528:
285:
The initial description of the language is in a privately published manuscript by the Catholic missionary:
78:
470:
Nolan, Stephen and Kee Shein Mang 2003a.12 Kʼchò Verb List with Stem 1 and II Derivations. Unpublished List
1919:
1583:
1509:
1047:
432:
Bedell, George. 2002a. Agreement in Kʼchò. Presented to the 33rd ICSTLL. Bangkok: Ramkhamhaeng University.
221:
209:
205:
197:
189:
169:
73:
1992:
2172:
1982:
1777:
422:
Mang, Kee Shein and Stephen Nolan. 2010. English/Myanmar/K'cho Dictionary. Zinyatana Publishers. Yangon.
1823:
1658:
1653:
1486:
1223:
1042:
1024:
568:
2124:
1843:
1648:
1643:
1350:
1290:
926:
919:
914:
709:
519:
348:
K'khaanpùghĭ àh K'chü K'thài (The New Word of God). 2002 Catholic Translation of the New Testament.
177:
94:
2047:
1735:
1638:
1593:
1057:
805:
800:
699:
193:
184:. After a survey conducted in 2005 in Southern Chin State, Mang estimated the K’chò Region to be
2147:
2015:
1853:
1745:
1461:
1393:
1115:
1032:
828:
772:
734:
704:
435:
Bedell, George. 2002b. Scope in Kʼchò Questions. Presented to the 35th ICSTLL. Tempe: Arizona.
2142:
2134:
2119:
2114:
2104:
2096:
2075:
2005:
2000:
1977:
1967:
1962:
1904:
1894:
1787:
1720:
1620:
1588:
1542:
1466:
1451:
1375:
1237:
1135:
1120:
1102:
1072:
1014:
999:
989:
936:
873:
848:
787:
749:
739:
729:
651:
603:
578:
573:
563:
243:
264:
Hmǒng-K'cha, Mang’s term (2006:4, 2016) spoken between the Hmǒng Lòng and K'cha Lòng rivers
2152:
2065:
1838:
1807:
1792:
1782:
1725:
1578:
1557:
1532:
1522:
1517:
1441:
1398:
1322:
1258:
1242:
1160:
1125:
1077:
1067:
1052:
1009:
1004:
979:
974:
951:
843:
777:
646:
636:
621:
558:
553:
415:
201:
185:
65:
1446:
823:
409:
A syntactic and pragmatic description of verb stem alternation in K’cho, a Chin language
345:
Ghùng, John Ng'lìng. Old Testament Translation. Manuscript. Privately Published. Mindat.
2109:
2060:
2033:
1952:
1899:
1889:
1884:
1797:
1760:
1730:
1615:
1562:
1537:
1456:
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1426:
1403:
1383:
1360:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1176:
1140:
1130:
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1037:
994:
984:
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762:
714:
694:
666:
661:
641:
631:
626:
593:
588:
583:
548:
538:
277:
The languages most closely related to Kʼchò are Kaang and Daai (So-Hartmann 1988:102).
153:
2187:
2010:
1972:
1957:
1947:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1848:
1833:
1828:
1769:
1712:
1675:
1552:
1547:
1527:
1421:
1388:
1365:
1355:
1345:
1181:
1110:
1092:
1082:
931:
863:
833:
757:
724:
719:
689:
684:
543:
1802:
1750:
1740:
1702:
1500:
1327:
956:
901:
656:
17:
2055:
1909:
1630:
1607:
909:
1942:
1867:
1281:
370:
365:
1694:
146:
130:
480:
401:
Ng'Thang Ngai Om. 2000. The History of Kʼchò Spelling. Privately Published.
137:
598:
273:
Ng'gah is south of the K'hngì Güng River, closely related to K'hngì Yung.
1192:
181:
46:
321:
Ng'Thang Ngai Om. (2000) wrote a history of the Kʼchò spelling system.
1683:
868:
395:
Jordan, Marc. 1969 Chin Dictionary and Grammar. Privately Published.
270:
K'hngì Yung is spoken along southern bank of the K'hngì Güng stream
1196:
484:
301:
Here are some of the works on the language since then:
311:
and all stem II (and III) of verbs discovered to date.
2165:
2133:
2095:
2088:
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2024:
1991:
1918:
1875:
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1412:
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1336:
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1169:
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1101:
1023:
965:
900:
891:
814:
786:
748:
675:
612:
527:
518:
442:
Santa Barbara Tibeto-Burman Workshop in July, 2001.
144:
128:
123:
62:
52:
42:
32:
267:Nìtŭ is north of there, along the Hlet Lòng stream
38:Müün (Mün)/Ng’mèèn/K'cho Chin/Mindat Chin/Cho/'Cho
1208:
496:
8:
2092:
1872:
1765:
1505:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1215:
1201:
1193:
897:
524:
503:
489:
481:
29:
358:
238:The British initially adopted the name
27:Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Myanmar
7:
419:. Master’s thesis, Payap University.
25:
1:
291:Chin Dictionary and Grammar
2215:
427:Detailed language analyses
247:
37:
512:Kuki-Chin–Naga languages
406:Mang, Shein Mang. 2006.
376:(subscription required)
293:. Privately Published.
2173:Burmese sign language
1983:Southwestern Mandarin
1252:Semiofficial language
1103:Zemeic (Western Naga)
200:/ and one village in
84:Central Tibeto-Burman
2199:Languages of Myanmar
1268:Indigenous languages
1224:Languages of Myanmar
289:Marc Jordan (1969),
2194:Kuki-Chin languages
2097:Immigrant language
1231:Official languages
414:2020-05-01 at the
281:Linguistic studies
194:Kanpetlet Township
58:15,000 (2011)
2181:
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2041:
1862:
1861:
1602:
1601:
1495:
1494:
1475:
1474:
1190:
1189:
1149:
1148:
902:Ao (Central Naga)
887:
886:
374:(18th ed., 2015)
160:
159:
18:Mün Chin language
16:(Redirected from
2206:
2135:Working language
2093:
1873:
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1506:
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1272:state or region
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186:Mindat Township
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66:Language family
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28:
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1020:
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987:
982:
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967:Angami–Pochuri
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581:
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541:
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531:(Northwestern)
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124:Language codes
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90:Kuki-Chin–Naga
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34:
26:
24:
14:
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10:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
2211:
2200:
2197:
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2174:
2171:
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2164:
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2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
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1998:
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1971:
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1961:
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1908:
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1901:
1898:
1896:
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1877:Austroasiatic
1874:
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547:
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537:
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529:Southern Naga
526:
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79:Tibeto-Burman
77:
76:
75:
71:
67:
61:
57:
51:
48:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1920:Sino-Tibetan
1778:Khiamniungan
1510:Sino-Tibetan
1436:
838:
407:
390:Larger works
385:Bibliography
369:
361:
340:
332:
329:Translations
324:
300:
296:
290:
284:
276:
258:
239:
219:
180:language of
173:
162:
161:
145:
104:
74:Sino-Tibetan
2048:Tanintharyi
1824:Akyaung Ari
1666:S’gaw Karen
1487:Anu-Hkongso
1043:Akyaung Ari
2188:Categories
2125:Vietnamese
2034:Hmong Njua
2026:Hmong–Mien
1943:Geko Karen
1844:Long Phuri
1686:(Taungtha)
1644:Geba Karen
1351:Hakha Chin
1025:Tangkhulic
942:Yimchungrü
927:Long Phuri
920:Mongsen Ao
915:Chungli Ao
371:Ethnologue
353:References
1736:Mro-Khimi
1639:Bwe Karen
1594:Tai Laing
1291:Kuki-Chin
1058:Champhung
806:Rengmitca
801:Mro-Khimi
700:Hrangkhol
520:Kuki-Chin
248:ချင်းပုတ်
198:kanpètlèt
178:Kuki-Chin
147:Glottolog
131:ISO 639-3
95:Kuki-Chin
2148:Japanese
2016:Tai Nuea
1854:Tangkhul
1746:Rohingya
1462:Thaiphum
1414:Southern
1394:Senthang
1300:Northern
1116:Liangmai
1033:Tangkhul
829:Thaiphum
816:Southern
773:Senthang
735:Saihriem
705:Sakachep
614:Northern
599:Ranglong
412:Archived
255:Dialects
170:/ʔkxɔ̀:/
154:munc1235
100:Southern
2143:English
2120:Russian
2115:Punjabi
2105:Burmese
2076:Tavoyan
2006:Tai Lue
1993:Kra–Dai
1978:Taungyo
1968:Padaung
1905:Tai Loi
1895:Palaung
1788:Leinong
1761:Sagaing
1721:Rakhine
1713:Rakhine
1659:Western
1654:Eastern
1621:Karenni
1589:Palaung
1543:Lhao Vo
1467:Welaung
1452:Songlai
1338:Central
1259:English
1243:English
1238:Burmese
1136:Khoirao
1121:Rongmei
1073:Challow
1000:Pochuri
990:Sopvoma
937:Sangtam
874:Songlai
849:Welaung
740:Darlong
730:Pangkhu
677:Central
652:Vaiphei
604:Sorbung
579:Monsang
574:Lamkang
564:Koireng
244:Burmese
240:Chinbok
220:Kʼchò /
182:Myanmar
176:, is a
47:Myanmar
2153:Korean
2066:Moklen
1839:Makury
1808:Tangsa
1793:Makyam
1783:Konyak
1726:Chakma
1684:Rungtu
1676:Magway
1579:Khamti
1558:Rawang
1533:Jingpo
1518:Achang
1501:Kachin
1442:Nga La
1399:Zotung
1376:Maraic
1323:Thadou
1170:Karbic
1161:Meitei
1154:Meitei
1126:Mzieme
1088:Maring
1078:Kongai
1068:Suansu
1053:Huishu
1048:Kachai
1010:Rengma
1005:Ntenyi
980:Chokri
975:Angami
952:Makury
869:Rungtu
844:Nga La
788:Khomic
778:Zotung
750:Maraic
647:Sizang
637:Gangte
622:Thadou
559:Kharam
554:Chothe
235:2016).
222:ʔkxɔ̀:
208:/ or /
206:màtupi
202:Matupi
190:mìndàt
172:), or
43:Region
2110:Hindi
2071:S’gaw
2061:Moken
2056:Malay
1953:Lahta
1948:Intha
1900:Riang
1890:Danau
1885:Blang
1817:Other
1798:Ponyo
1731:Laitu
1631:Kayin
1616:Kayaw
1608:Kayah
1572:Other
1563:Zaiwa
1538:Lashi
1523:Drung
1480:Other
1457:Sumtu
1437:Kʼchò
1432:Khumi
1427:Kaang
1404:Zyphe
1384:Lautu
1361:Ngawn
1318:Tedim
1313:Siyin
1308:Falam
1177:Karbi
1141:Maram
1131:Inpui
1063:Tusom
1038:Somra
995:Poula
985:Kheza
947:Lotha
879:Sumtu
859:Laitu
854:Kaang
839:Kʼchò
796:Khumi
768:Zyphe
763:Lautu
715:Falam
710:Hakha
695:Biate
667:Ralte
662:Ngawn
642:Simte
632:Paite
627:Tedim
594:Tarao
589:Purum
584:Moyon
549:Chiru
539:Aimol
474:copy.
449:21-34
366:Kʼchò
216:Names
163:Kʼchò
105:Kʼchò
33:Kʼchò
2011:Shan
2001:Khün
1973:Pyen
1963:Pa’o
1958:Lahu
1938:Danu
1933:Akha
1928:Akeu
1868:Shan
1849:Para
1834:Koki
1829:Anal
1584:Nùng
1553:Nusu
1548:Lisu
1528:Hpon
1422:Daai
1389:Mara
1366:Tawr
1356:Mizo
1346:Bawm
1282:Chin
1270:(by
1182:Amri
1111:Zeme
1093:Uipo
1083:Koki
1015:Sümi
932:Para
893:Naga
864:Ekai
834:Daai
758:Mara
725:Thor
720:Bawm
690:Hmar
685:Mizo
544:Anal
210:bàtǔ
167:IPA:
1803:Sak
1770:Sal
1751:Sak
1741:Mru
1703:Mon
1695:Mon
1649:Pwo
1447:Shö
957:Wui
824:Shö
569:Kom
368:at
212:/.
192:/,
174:Mün
138:mwq
86:(?)
2190::
1910:Wa
1328:Zo
910:Ao
657:Zo
246::
1274:)
1216:e
1209:t
1202:v
504:e
497:t
490:v
242:(
204:/
196:/
188:/
165:(
20:)
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