40:
1737:, the Māori Party aimed to win all seven Māori electorates. However, in the election, they managed to increase their four electorates only to five. Although the National government had enough MPs to govern without the Māori Party, it invited the Māori Party to support their minority government on confidence and supply in return for policy concessions and two ministerial posts outside of Cabinet. The Māori Party signed a confidence and supply agreement with National on the condition that the Māori electorates were not abolished unless the Māori voters agreed to abolish them. Other policy concessions including a review of the
1605:
1294:
1021:, the cutoff date was set at midnight 13 July 2023. By 3 July 2023, over 12,000 people had switched between the Māori and general rolls; with 6,662 people shifting from the general to Māori rolls and 5,652 switching vice versa. Political expert and academic Dr Rawiri Taonui and journalist Tommy de Silva described that the increase of voters on the Māori roll as a form of strategic voting that reinforced the relevance of the Māori seats and Māori vote to New Zealand politics.
61:
856:, regarded the concessions given to Māori as insufficient, while others disagreed. In the end, the setting up of Māori electorates separate from existing electorates assuaged the conservative opposition to the bill. The bill was intended as a temporary measure, giving specific representation to Māori until the land ownership issue was resolved. However, the Maori seats continued to become a permanent feature of the New Zealand parliament.
1151:, with census staff lacking authority to insist on the card being completed. This had little practical effect for non-Māori, but it transferred Māori to the general roll if the card was not handed in. Only 40% of the potential population registered on the Māori roll. This reduced the number of calls for the abolition of Māori electorates, as many presumed that Māori would eventually abandon the Māori electorates of their own accord.
674:
938:, but in the past such elections took place separately, on different days (usually the day before the vote for general electorates) and under different rules. Historically, less organisation went into holding Māori elections than general elections, and the process received fewer resources. Māori electorates at first did not require registration for voting, which was later introduced. New practices such as
1139:
Simultaneously, the act allowed Māori to stand in general electorates. Since 1967, therefore, there has not been any electoral guarantee of representation by candidates who have Māori descent. While this still means that those elected to represent Māori electors in the Māori electorates are directly accountable to those voters, those representatives are not required to be Māori themselves.
818:
are included on the Māori or general electorate rolls. Since 31 March 2023, Māori electors have been able to change rolls at any time, except in the three months preceding a general or local election or after a notice of vacancy is issued for a by-election. Each five-yearly census and Māori
Electoral Option determines the number of Māori electorates for the next one or two elections.
1086:
760:. Every area in New Zealand is covered by both a general and a Māori electorate; as of 2020, there are seven Māori electorates. Since 1967, candidates in Māori electorates have not needed to be Māori themselves, but to register as a voter in the Māori electorates people need to declare that they are of Māori descent.
851:
which made all Maori subjects of the monarch with corresponding voting and representation rights. The act originally agreed to set up four electorates specially for Māori; three in the North Island and one covering the whole South Island. The four seats were a fairly modest concession on a per-capita
817:
Māori electoral boundaries are superimposed over the electoral boundaries used for general electorates; thus every part of New
Zealand simultaneously belongs both in a general seat and in a Māori seat. Shortly after each census all registered Māori electors have the opportunity to choose whether they
797:
There are two features of the Māori electorates that make them distinct from the general electorates. First, there are a number of skills that are essential for candidates to have in order to engage with their constituencies and ensure a clear line of accountability to representing the 'Māori voice'.
1244:
announced that if elected his party would hold a binding referendum on whether Maori electorates should be abolished. During post-election negotiations with the Labour Party, Peters indicated that he would consider dropping his call for a referendum on the Māori electorates due to the defeat of the
1029:
Periodically there have been calls for the abolition of the Māori electorates. The electorates aroused controversy even at the time of their origin, and given their intended temporary nature, there have been a number of attempts to abolish them. The reasoning behind these attempts has varied – some
1001:
agreed to allow people of Māori descent to switch between the general and Māori rolls at any time except the three month period before general and local elections; giving the
Government the 75% majority need to pass the bill into law. Te Pāti Māori criticised the compromise, with Waititi and fellow
1725:
survey of Māori-roll voters in
November 2004 gave it hope: 35.7% said they would vote for a Māori Party candidate, 26.3% opted for Labour, and five of the seven electorates appeared ready to fall to the new party. In the election, the new party won four of the Māori electorates. It seemed possible
961:
Confusion around the Māori electorates during the 2017 general election was revealed in a number of complaints to the
Electoral Commission. Complaints included Electoral Commission staff at polling booths being unaware of the Māori roll and insisting electors were unregistered when their names did
1924:
representation in that parliament. The
Standing Committee on Social Issues, of which she was not part, released a report on the merits of the system in November 1998. The report is said to have been well-researched, with a thorough discussion of the system's mechanics, and through which paths it
985:
introduced a bill to allow people of Māori descent to switch between the general and Māori electoral rolls at any time. At the time, Māori were only allowed to switch between the two rolls every five years. To pass into law, the bill needed 75% majority support in
Parliament. In addition, Māori
842:
and was seen as a way to reduce conflict between cultures. Its primary aim was to enfranchise Maori who were indirectly excluded from parliament by the land ownership requirement. To vote, a person had to be male, a subject of the monarch, have title to land of at least 25 pounds, and not be in
1196:
announced that "I am not opposed to the Māori seats. The
National Party has had a view for many years now that they should be done away with. But I just want people to feel that they all have opportunities for representation". In 2021, it was revealed that the National Party intended to run
1130:
government of the day had a commitment to the assimilation of Māori, and had no Māori MPs, and many believed that they would abolish the electorates. However, the government had other matters to attend to, and the issue of the Māori electorates gradually faded from view without any changes.
1138:
In 1967, the electoral system whereby four electorate seats were reserved for representatives who were specifically Māori ended. Following the
Electoral Amendment Act 1967, the 100-year-old disqualification preventing Europeans from standing as candidates in Māori electorates was removed.
1131:
Regardless, the possible abolition of the Māori electorates appeared indicated when they did not appear among the electoral provisions entrenched against future modification. In the 1950s the practice of reserving electorates for Māori was described by some politicians "as a form of '
1569:
While seven out of 72 (9.7%) does not nearly reflect the proportion of voting-age New
Zealanders who identify as being of Māori descent (about 14.8%), many Māori choose to enroll in general electorates, so the proportion reflects the proportion of voters on the Māori roll.
771:. The electorates were intended as a temporary measure lasting five years but were extended in 1872 and made permanent in 1876. Despite numerous attempts to dismantle Māori electorates, they continue to form a distinct part of the New Zealand political landscape.
1146:
introduced the option for Māori to decide whether to enrol individually on the general electoral roll or the Māori roll. A large number of people (Māori and non-Māori) failed to fill out an electoral re-registration card that was distributed with the
1714:, she received over 90% of the 7,000-plus votes cast. The parties then represented in Parliament had not put up official candidates in the by-election. The new party's support in relation to Labour therefore remained untested at the polling booth.
1305:
electoral system after 1993, the rules regarding the Māori electorates changed. Today, the number of electorates floats, meaning that the electoral population of a Māori seat can remain roughly equivalent to that of a general seat. For the
949:
The authorities frequently delayed or overlooked reforms of the Māori electoral system, with Parliament considering the Māori electorates as largely unimportant. The gradual improvement of Māori elections owes much to long-serving Māori MP
1125:
Considerably later, in 1953, the first ever major re-alignment of Māori electoral boundaries occurred, addressing inequalities in voter numbers. Again, the focus on Māori electorates prompted further debate about their existence. The
2590:
1803:, who was tacitly endorsed by the ruling National Party, New Zealand First, and the Māori Party. During the 2014 election, Labour captured six of the Māori electorates with the Māori Party being reduced to co-leader
962:
not appear on the general roll; Electoral Commission staff giving incorrect information about the Māori electorates; electors being given incorrect voting forms and electors being told they were unable to vote for
1171:
has advocated abolition of the Māori electorates, though as of 2023 the party is not opposed to the seats. National did not stand candidates in Māori electorate from the 2005 election through the 2020 election.
1046:, which had held power since 1891. Many MPs alleged frequent cases of corruption in elections for the Māori electorates. Other MPs, however, supported the abolition of Māori electorates for different reasons –
1772:. The Mana Movement retained Te Tai Tokerau. Tensions between the Māori Party and Mana Movement combined with competition from the Labour Party fragmented the Māori political voice in Parliament.
1624:
formed, however, Māori MPs began to align themselves with the new organisation, with either Liberal candidates or Liberal sympathisers as representatives. Māori MPs in the Liberal Party included
1010:
1038:
In 1902, a consolidation of electoral law prompted considerable discussion of the Māori electorates, and some MPs proposed their abolition. Many of the proposals came from members of the
3257:
990:
introduced a member's bill which proposed automatically placing Māori on the Māori electoral roll and renaming the "general electoral district" the "non-Māori electoral district."
814:. Second, the geographical size of the Māori electoral boundaries vary significantly from the general electorates. Five to 18 general electorates fit into any one Māori electorate.
2769:
2025:
1925:
could come to fruition. The NSW Government members, however, did not conclude the proposal appropriate and leaned towards other measures to facilitate Aboriginal representation.
1936:. The idea of dedicated seats, however, although deemed to help reconciliation, was not suggested by the report because of strong opposition from some members of the committee.
3358:
1013:
came into force on 31 March 2023; allowing people of Māori descent to switch between the general and Māori rolls at anytime until the three month period before elections. The
847:- the land they owned was held in common and not by Crown grant: native title was not acceptable. Concern was raised that, indirectly, this ran contrary to section III of the
495:
222:
1058:
depicting guaranteed representation in parliament as one of the few rights Māori possessed not "filched from them by the Europeans". The electorates continued in existence.
3331:
1902:
1838:
as part of a deal to regain the Māori electorates from the Labour Party. Despite these efforts, Labour captured all seven of the Māori electorates with Labour candidate
711:
3226:
1749:
2837:
2562:
1236:" once held all Māori seats, has advocated for abolition of the separate electorates, while emphasising that the decision should be made by Māori voters. During the
1054:
members of the House from taking that interest in Māori matters that they ought to take". The Māori MPs, however, mounted a strong defence of the electorates, with
1920:
to an inquiry and report on the idea of providing seats dedicated to people of Aboriginal background, modelled on the Māori electorates, to create opportunity for
4302:
3633:
2281:
763:
The Māori electorates were introduced in 1867 under the Maori Representation Act. They were created in order to give Māori a more direct say in parliament. The
4242:
2784:
2420:
3728:
2312:
2944:
2504:
3468:
3305:
880:
536:
518:
514:
186:
2155:
2448:
4272:
4249:
3989:
1181:
853:
500:
1302:
1143:
253:
146:
109:
1905:, proposed that each state send one Aboriginal senator to the federal parliament, and also the creation of four Aboriginal electorates for the NSW
1006:
describing the changes as "second-rate" and a "half pie ka pai" respectively. Waititi's member bill had already been voted down in early November.
3733:
3718:
3713:
2475:
1981:
157:
2591:"Newshub Nation: Māori electoral roll - why some Māori voters are strategically swapping rolls and what you need to know ahead of Election 2023"
4338:
4232:
4037:
3738:
3708:
3703:
1788:
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895:) who was defeated in 1871. These four men were the first New Zealand-born members of the New Zealand Parliament. The second four members were
835:
470:
168:
3283:
2863:
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New Zealand First captured all the Māori electorates for one electoral term. Labour regained the electorates in the following election in the
3394:
704:
583:
3887:
1898:
578:
217:
2116:
3189:
3135:
2917:
1030:
have seen the electorates as an unfair or unnecessary advantage for Māori, while others have seen them as discriminatory and offensive.
2617:
4333:
3771:
3626:
3230:
2688:
1929:
1014:
598:
549:
275:
1768:, the Māori Party retained three of the Māori electorates while Labour increased its share of the Māori electorates to three, taking
1069:, supported proposals for the abolition of Māori electorates, pointing to the fact that he himself had won the general electorate of
3687:
3585:
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2390:
2244:
1864:
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1409:
1405:
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1307:
1257:
1237:
1018:
975:
955:
838:. Parliament passed the act after lengthy debate, and during a period of warfare between the government and some North Island Māori
573:
302:
297:
292:
287:
233:
4227:
3959:
2655:
31:
2714:
1796:
1613:
697:
637:
632:
488:
414:
344:
329:
324:
319:
314:
181:
3723:
3498:"Dedicated Parliamentary Seats for Indigenous Peoples: Political Representation as an Element of Indigenous Self-Determination"
2051:
1726:
that Māori Party MPs could play a role in the choice and formation of a governing coalition, and they conducted talks with the
1707:
1421:
1070:
831:
475:
458:
409:
268:
263:
142:
105:
3851:
1888:
380:
3234:
1663:, however, it has dominated the Māori electorates. For a long period this dominance owed much to Labour's alliance with the
4323:
4146:
3619:
3476:
3449:
3426:
1917:
1856:
raised Te Pāti Māori's party vote from a provisional result of 1% to a final party vote of 1.2%, thus allowing co-leader,
1738:
1373:
660:
398:
164:
3162:
4282:
3829:
1780:
1062:
749:
684:
608:
369:
364:
39:
1180:
called the electorates an "anachronism". National announced in 2008 it would abolish the electorates when all historic
1268:
From 1868 to 1996, four Māori electorates existed (out of a total that slowly changed from 76 to 99). They comprised:
1176:, the party's leader in 2003, said that "the purpose of the Māori seats has come to an end", and in 2004 party leader
526:
205:
73:
1017:
subsequently launched a campaign to encourage non-voters to register with either the general or Māori rolls. For the
1604:
4328:
1727:
1637:
1168:
1127:
1061:
Just a short time later, in 1905, another re-arrangement of electoral law caused the debate to flare up again. The
994:
827:
768:
541:
339:
4292:
4287:
4169:
4161:
4064:
3874:
3866:
3856:
3807:
2948:
2303:
2231:
1867:, Te Pāti Māori won a record six of the seven Māori electorates, unseating Labour from all but one of the seats.
1800:
1621:
1106:
1043:
393:
4022:
1656:
1533:
1039:
982:
613:
568:
357:
246:
4032:
860:
764:
3107:
2889:
2741:
2159:
4196:
4044:
2182:
2094:
1852:
successfully unseated Coffey, returning the Māori Party – now calling itself Te Pāti Māori – to Parliament.
1159:
A number of currently active political parties oppose, or have opposed, the existence of Māori electorates.
1148:
1077:, remained opposed. In the end, proposals for the abolition or reform of Māori electorates did not proceed.
745:
725:
603:
593:
258:
90:
51:
1050:, a member of the Liberal Party, said that the absence of Māori voters from general electorates prevented "
3974:
3764:
3363:
3112:
3036:
2993:
2922:
2894:
2789:
2746:
2719:
2532:
2007:
1955:
1921:
1894:
1617:
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ruled out the abolition, saying he would not do it even if he had the numbers to do so as there would be "
872:
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757:
588:
465:
199:
152:
135:
2263:
1074:
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2642:
seats. Some politicians described special representation as a form of 'apartheid', like in South Africa.
1950:
1857:
1574:
1486:
1473:
1089:
Four long-standing representatives of the Māori electorates, pictured in the 1970s. From left to right:
1003:
935:
922:, New Zealand's first woman MP, Rātana won the seat in a by-election caused by the death of her husband
4277:
4094:
2233:
Te Oranga o te Iwi Maori: A Study of Maori Economic and Social Progress - The Maori Seats in Parliament
2212:
2073:
1589:
1509:
904:
888:
864:
2811:
1293:
3882:
3441:
3417:
3258:"Hone Harawira gets clear Te Tai Tokerau run for Mana not running against Maori Party in other seats"
1906:
896:
531:
122:
1722:
4297:
4237:
3994:
2398:
1314:
430:
386:
3979:
2334:
963:
807:
4049:
3834:
2770:"Judith Collins keen to run candidates in the Māori seats, tear up the RMA, but not cut benefits"
2359:
1933:
1876:
1645:
1042:, and possibly had political motivations – in general, the Māori MPs had supported the governing
848:
678:
445:
212:
4027:
3892:
3667:
2183:"A Dual Track Democracy? The Symbolic Role of the Māori Seats in New Zealand's Electoral System"
1495:
1461:, Tainui was largely replaced by Hauraki-Waikato, giving the following seven Māori electorates:
1426:
1214:
1932:'s Legal, Constitutional and Administrative Review Committee, inquiring how to help Indigenous
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3946:
3926:
3757:
3672:
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3600:
3581:
3562:
3541:
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3390:
2480:
2453:
2425:
2240:
1945:
1804:
1703:
1672:
1633:
1501:
1482:
1477:
1436:
1416:
1383:
1378:
1229:
951:
919:
779:
Māori electorates operate much as do general electorates, but have as electors people who are
737:
655:
435:
174:
60:
4074:
4012:
4004:
3839:
3799:
2625:
2540:
2194:
1839:
1629:
1184:
have been resolved, which it aimed to complete by 2014. In 2014 though, then-Prime Minister
1047:
915:
803:
373:
3032:
1608:
Party representation in the Māori seats following the most recent general election, in 2023
1573:
For maps showing broad electoral boundaries, see selected links to individual elections at
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3261:
3193:
2970:
2841:
2567:
2299:
1537:
1465:
1206:
4131:
4124:
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2639:
923:
799:
786:
780:
753:
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The scheme has inspired some policymakers as a potential solution for underrepresented
1849:
1835:
1792:
1753:
1748:
Discontentment with the Māori Party's support agreement with National particularly the
1711:
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1515:
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1344:
1334:
1324:
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987:
884:
876:
791:
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226:
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In the 1950s and 1960s the National government occasionally talked of abolishing the
1831:
1827:
1761:
1757:
1742:
1741:, a review of New Zealand's constitutional arrangements, and the introduction of the
1699:
1649:
1585:
1287:
1272:
1210:
1118:
1094:
943:
908:
892:
868:
2505:"PSA: It's easier than ever to switch between the Māori and general electoral rolls"
3812:
3682:
3611:
2563:"Nearly 6400 voters go to Māori roll, how are things looking toward election time?"
2421:"Electoral law proposal would allow Māori to fully exercise voting rights - Faafoi"
1913:
1853:
1769:
1698:
A development of particular interest to Māori came in 2004 with the resignation of
1529:
1525:
1469:
1446:
1393:
1354:
1173:
4219:
4209:
3555:
Godfery, Morgan (2015). "Chapter 4.4: The Māori Party". In Hayward, Janine (ed.).
2988:
2838:"Winston Peters delivers bottom-line binding referendum on abolishing Maori seats"
2335:"1. – Ngā māngai – Māori representation – Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand"
1555:
1519:
1051:
3556:
3535:
1310:, the first under MMP, the Electoral Commission defined five Māori electorates:
1221:, advocates abolishing the allocated Māori electorates, seeing them as outdated.
826:
The establishment of Māori electorates came about in 1867 during the term of the
3824:
3531:
3140:
2998:
2509:
1641:
978:
958:
onwards, the voting for Māori and general electorates was held on the same day.
946:
also came later to elections for Māori electorates than to general electorates.
97:
17:
4141:
4017:
1816:
1812:
1784:
1684:
1593:
1541:
1233:
1098:
115:
3604:
1702:
from her ministerial position in the Labour-dominated coalition and from her
4102:
4084:
1976:
1592:, where there are between 115,000 and 125,000 Māori, the majority living in
1490:
1218:
1177:
1132:
900:
83:
43:
There have been seven Māori electorates in each general election since 2008.
3936:
3844:
2198:
1664:
3306:"Election 2020: Labour claims victory, National has worst result in years"
1848:, despite a historic landslide to the Labour party, Māori party candidate
4179:
4174:
4151:
3790:
3108:"Election 2014: Winston Peters hits out at National after big poll surge"
1563:
1551:
1505:
1430:
1185:
3469:"Response to the Report "Enhancing Aboriginal Political Representation""
4214:
4136:
3904:
3819:
2977:(3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer. pp. 157, 161, 163, 167.
2867:
2595:
1779:, Mana Movement leader Hone Harawira formed an electoral pact with the
1667:, although the Rātana influence has diminished in recent times. In the
1559:
1055:
839:
3416:
the Standing Committee on Social Issues (November 1998). "Chapter 2".
2785:"Act Leader David Seymour: Kiwis need to resist an 'Orwellian future'"
1256:
The party has not stood candidates in the Māori electorates since the
1085:
997:
abandoned its opposition to the Māori Electoral Option bill after the
3899:
3332:"'Thrilled' Debbie Ngarewa-Packer enters Parliament on special votes"
2449:"Government reaches compromise with National on electoral law change"
939:
1893:
In Australia, some have put forward the idea of dedicating seats to
3919:
3914:
3534:(2015). "Chapter 5.3: The Māori Seats". In Hayward, Janine (ed.).
1603:
1365:
A sixth Māori electorate was added for the second MMP election in
1292:
1253:, New Zealand First agreed to drop its demand for the referendum.
1249:
at the 2017 election. In return for forming a government with the
1189:
1084:
811:
2333:
Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu.
1297:
Electorates in the 1996 election (Māori seats shown bottom-right)
954:, who himself experienced problems in his own election. From the
4107:
4079:
2890:"Anti-smacking referendum dropped during coalition negotiations"
2476:"Māori free to switch voting rolls from Friday after law change"
3753:
3615:
1710:
on 10 July 2004, standing under the banner of the newly formed
1636:. There were also Māori MPs in the more conservative and rural
3909:
2742:"John Key: Dropping Maori seats would mean 'hikois from hell'"
2026:"Number of Electorates and Electoral Populations: 2013 Census"
1760:
to secede from the Māori Party and form the radical left-wing
1498:– southern and central Auckland, and parts of western Auckland
1197:
candidates in Māori electorates in the next general election.
2689:"Exclusive: National Party to contest Māori electorate seats"
1811:. The Māori Party managed to bring a second member co-leader
1683:
from 1984 to 2005 – gained the Northern Māori seat (electing
2533:"Iwi chair lead advisor: 'Switch rolls before the deadline'"
2110:
2108:
1717:
The Māori Party aimed to win all seven Māori electorates in
1408:, there have been seven Māori electorates. For the 2002 and
3359:"Te Pāti Māori picks up two extra seats in historic result"
2918:"Local kaumatua not surprised Maori seats will be retained"
2138:
2136:
2134:
1612:
As Māori electorates originated before the development of
3440:
the Standing Committee on Social Issues (November 1998).
2864:"Winston Peters hints at U-turn on Māori seat referendum"
2667:
2665:
2156:"Māori Electoral Option 2013 | Electoral Commission"
3749:
3190:"Davis' win a critical blow for Harawira, Internet Mana"
1588:
proposed the creation of an additional electorate, for
1011:
Electoral (Māori Electoral Option) Legislation Act 2022
859:
The first four Māori members of parliament, elected in
767:
were held in the following year during the term of the
3599:(4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer.
2391:"Polling booth staff mislead and confuse Māori voters"
2305:
A Dictionary of New Zealand Biography : M–Addenda
1213:, has called for their abolition as recently as 2019.
966:(the Māori Party) unless they were on the Māori roll.
3284:"The Maori Party is out: Labour wins all Maori seats"
2054:. Electoral Commission New Zealand. 17 September 2018
1842:
unseating Māori Party co-leader Flavell in Waiariki.
918:, who represented the Western Maori electorate. Like
3357:
Tapaleao, Vaimoana; Neilson, Michael (3 July 2024).
3227:"New Zealand 2014 General Election Official Results"
1826:, the Māori Party formed an electoral pact with the
790:) and who choose to place their names on a separate
4263:
4195:
4160:
4093:
4003:
3945:
3865:
3798:
3696:
3650:
3467:the Government of New South Wales (November 1998).
2945:"General elections 1853–2005 – dates & turnout"
1217:, a lobby group founded by former ACT Party leader
27:
Electoral districts for Māori voters in New Zealand
3558:New Zealand Government and Politics, Sixth Edition
3537:New Zealand Government and Politics, Sixth Edition
2187:Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy
1783:, founded by controversial Internet entrepreneur
1522:, northern Auckland and parts of western Auckland
942:(as opposed to casting one's vote verbally) and
843:prison. Very few Maori qualified because of the
3442:"Enhancing Aboriginal Political Representation"
1903:New South Wales Minister for Aboriginal Affairs
1485:– eastern and southern North Island, including
934:Currently Māori elections are held as part of
830:with the Maori Representation Act, drafted by
3765:
3627:
3561:. Oxford University Press. pp. 240–250.
3540:. Oxford University Press. pp. 300–310.
3419:Enhancing Aboriginal Political Representation
705:
8:
3502:Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law
3597:New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984
3136:"Key's subtle endorsement for Kelvin Davis"
2975:New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949
1928:Another report was released in 2003 by the
1209:opposes the Māori electorates. Its leader,
3772:
3758:
3750:
3634:
3620:
3612:
3389:. McGill-Queen's Press. pp. 286–287.
2589:Hogan, Finn; Gibson, Gray (24 June 2023).
2286:New Zealand Parliament – Pāremata Aotearoa
1730:. In the end they remained in Opposition.
712:
698:
46:
3990:Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements
2618:"History of the Vote: Māori and the Vote"
30:For the local government equivalent, see
3491:
3489:
3487:
2258:
2256:
1819:entitled them to one further list seat.
1799:. Hone was defeated by Labour candidate
38:
3462:
3460:
3213:
3081:
3069:
3057:
2947:. Elections New Zealand. Archived from
2671:
2217:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1982:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1967:
1679:– who himself held the general seat of
345:Political funding and election expenses
71:
49:
3282:Huffadine, Leith (24 September 2017).
3134:McQuillan, Laura (17 September 2014).
2715:"National to dump Maori seats in 2014"
2376:
3093:
3019:
2682:
2680:
2389:Kupenga, Talisa (17 September 2017).
2142:
1977:"Tōrangapū – Pūnaha kōwhiringa Māori"
852:basis at the time. Some MPs, such as
496:Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
7:
3496:Catherine J. Iorns (December 2003).
2713:Tahana, Yvonne (29 September 2008).
2119:. Wellington: New Zealand Parliament
2002:
2000:
1860:, to enter Parliament as a List MP.
1616:, all early Māori MPs functioned as
993:On 15 November 2022, the opposition
3106:Bennett, Adam (21 September 2014).
2989:"Maori Party suggests seat in Aust"
2862:Burrows, Matt (28 September 2017).
2531:Wikaire-Lewis, Mana (7 July 2023).
2239:. New Zealand Business Roundtable.
794:rather than on the "general roll".
3789:Indigenous people of New Zealand (
3188:Smith, Simon (20 September 2014).
2687:Sherman, Maiki (28 January 2021).
2447:Dexter, Giles (15 November 2022).
2181:Geddis, Andrew (26 October 2006).
2052:"About the Māori Electoral Option"
1930:Legislative Assembly of Queensland
1750:Marine and Coastal Areas Bill 2011
1504:– western North Island, including
1192:from hell". In 2020, party leader
550:New Zealand and the United Nations
25:
2503:de Silva, Tommy (13 April 2023).
2360:"First Māori woman MP (3rd of 4)"
2270:. New Zealand History. p. 2.
2014:. New Zealand History. p. 3.
1830:leader and former Māori Party MP
1258:1999 New Zealand general election
1019:2023 New Zealand general election
4273:Influence on New Zealand English
2888:Cheng, Derek (30 October 2017).
2282:"The origins of the Māori seats"
2117:"The Origins of the Māori Seats"
1614:political parties in New Zealand
887:), who all retired in 1870; and
787:Māori people § Demographics
672:
638:History of voting in New Zealand
633:Political history of New Zealand
59:
3163:"Davis picking up endorsements"
2213:"Maori Representation Act 1867"
2074:"Maori Representation Act 1867"
1518:– northernmost seat, including
1429:(roughly equivalent to greater
1240:, the New Zealand First leader
3960:Minister for Māori Development
3595:Wilson, James Oakley (1985) .
3578:Electoral Atlas of New Zealand
2916:Guy, Alice (21 October 2017).
2783:Walls, Jason (14 April 2019).
2624:. 9 April 2005. Archived from
2561:Ruru, Karanama (2 June 2023).
2313:Department of Internal Affairs
1975:Sullivan, Ann (20 June 2012).
1889:Indigenous Voice to Parliament
1745:indigenous health initiative.
32:Māori wards and constituencies
1:
4339:Race relations in New Zealand
3477:Parliament of New South Wales
3450:Parliament of New South Wales
3427:Parliament of New South Wales
3256:Moir, Jo (20 February 2017).
2419:Tahana, Jamie (9 June 2023).
2115:Wilson, John (31 May 2009) .
1918:Parliament of New South Wales
1871:Influence outside New Zealand
1739:Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004
1544:. Largest electorate by area.
1301:With the introduction of the
936:New Zealand general elections
914:The first Māori woman MP was
810:skills and confidence on the
798:This includes proficiency in
744:), are a special category of
3830:United Tribes of New Zealand
3387:The Fate of the Nation-state
2311:. Vol. II. Wellington:
2264:"Setting up the Māori seats"
2008:"Change in the 20th century"
732:, colloquially known as the
2656:"Origin of the Maori Seats"
1687:to Parliament), and in the
1073:. Other Māori MPs, such as
889:Mete Kīngi Te Rangi Paetahi
206:54th New Zealand Parliament
4355:
4278:Language immersion schools
3033:"Marae DigiPoll1_02.03.08"
2230:Joseph, Philip A. (2008).
1886:
1135:', like in South Africa".
769:4th New Zealand Parliament
187:State services departments
29:
4334:Parliament of New Zealand
4283:Māori Language Commission
3787:
2836:Moir, Jo (16 July 2017).
2095:"Representation Act 1867"
1815:into Parliament as their
1708:the resulting by-election
1590:Māori living in Australia
1107:Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan
1063:Minister of Māori Affairs
3580:. Wellington: GP Books.
3385:Seymour, Michel (2004).
1534:Stewart Island / Rakiura
783:, or of Māori descent, (
218:House of Representatives
1706:parliamentary seat. In
1659:first came to power in
970:Switching between rolls
471:Territorial authorities
52:Politics of New Zealand
4293:Te Wiki o te Reo Māori
4288:Māori language revival
3857:Māori protest movement
3808:Māori migration canoes
3576:McRobie, Alan (1989).
3364:The New Zealand Herald
3113:The New Zealand Herald
2994:Television New Zealand
2923:The New Zealand Herald
2895:The New Zealand Herald
2812:"Maori seats outdated"
2790:The New Zealand Herald
2772:. Stuff. 16 July 2020.
2747:The New Zealand Herald
2720:The New Zealand Herald
2199:10.1089/elj.2006.5.347
1895:Aboriginal Australians
1609:
1298:
1264:Individual electorates
1238:2017 election campaign
1122:
907:(Southern Maori); and
873:Frederick Nene Russell
845:property qualification
758:New Zealand Parliament
752:to representatives of
741:
679:New Zealand portal
515:Diplomatic missions of
44:
4224:Representative teams
3411:Sydney Morning Herald
2622:Elections New Zealand
1951:New Zealand elections
1865:2023 general election
1858:Debbie Ngarewa-Packer
1824:2017 general election
1766:2011 general election
1607:
1575:New Zealand elections
1359:The southern district
1349:The northern district
1319:The belly of the land
1296:
1088:
1004:Debbie Ngarewa-Packer
834:member of parliament
765:first Māori elections
423:Courts Martial Appeal
42:
3697:Historic electorates
3414:, 1983:3, quoted by
3231:Electoral Commission
1907:Legislative Assembly
1339:The eastern district
1329:The western district
1015:Electoral Commission
897:Karaitiana Takamoana
726:New Zealand politics
276:Electoral Commission
136:Executive government
123:Realm of New Zealand
3995:Tino rangatiratanga
3975:Māori King movement
3729:Te Puku O Te Whenua
3651:Current electorates
3169:. 19 September 2014
3084:, pp. 245–248.
3072:, pp. 244–245.
3060:, pp. 243–244.
3022:, pp. 305–306.
2145:, pp. 302–303.
1956:Māori King Movement
1809:Waiariki electorate
1671:, however, the new
1315:Te Puku O Te Whenua
1144:National Government
1025:Calls for abolition
808:whakawhanaungatanga
234:Official Opposition
143:List of governments
4050:Polynesian culture
4038:Ghosts and spirits
3852:Land confiscations
3835:Treaty of Waitangi
2268:Maori and the Vote
2012:Māori and the vote
1934:self-determination
1877:indigenous peoples
1787:and led by former
1646:Taurekareka Henare
1610:
1510:Manawatū-Whanganui
1299:
1182:treaty settlements
1123:
1034:Early 20th century
974:In June 2022, the
905:Hōri Kerei Taiaroa
903:(Northern Maori);
865:Tāreha Te Moananui
849:Treaty of Waitangi
750:reserved positions
446:Law of New Zealand
280:Recent elections:
213:King-in-Parliament
45:
4324:Māori electorates
4311:
4310:
3970:Māori electorates
3747:
3746:
3643:Māori electorates
3396:978-0-7735-2686-0
3338:. 6 November 2020
3312:. 17 October 2020
2481:Radio New Zealand
2454:Radio New Zealand
2426:Radio New Zealand
1846:Three years later
1805:Te Ururoa Flavell
1673:New Zealand First
1230:New Zealand First
1225:New Zealand First
1155:Current positions
999:Labour Government
981:of the incumbent
952:Eruera Tirikatene
920:Elizabeth McCombs
911:(Western Maori).
899:(Eastern Maori);
730:Māori electorates
722:
721:
661:Nuclear-free zone
537:Visa requirements
489:Foreign relations
436:Waitangi Tribunal
254:Political parties
182:Executive Council
175:Christopher Luxon
16:(Redirected from
4346:
4298:Māori Television
3840:New Zealand Wars
3774:
3767:
3760:
3751:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3613:
3608:
3591:
3572:
3551:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3493:
3482:
3481:
3473:
3464:
3455:
3454:
3446:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3424:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3233:. Archived from
3223:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3001:. 1 October 2007
2985:
2979:
2978:
2971:Scholefield, Guy
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2750:. 22 August 2014
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2684:
2675:
2669:
2660:
2659:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2635:
2633:
2628:on 29 April 2007
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2541:Maori Television
2537:Te Ao Maori News
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2399:Māori Television
2395:Te Ao Māori News
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2310:
2300:Scholefield, Guy
2296:
2290:
2289:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2238:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2162:on 28 March 2014
2158:. Archived from
2152:
2146:
2140:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2099:archives.govt.nz
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2032:. 7 October 2013
2022:
2016:
2015:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1972:
1752:led the party's
1468:– north-western
1081:Mid-20th century
1075:Hōne Heke Ngāpua
1048:Frederick Pirani
986:Party co-leader
976:Justice Minister
956:election of 1951
854:James FitzGerald
714:
707:
700:
677:
676:
675:
584:Environmentalism
476:Community boards
459:Local government
374:Helen Winkelmann
269:Electoral reform
264:Electoral system
106:Governor-General
100:
63:
47:
21:
18:Māori electorate
4354:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4303:Planetary names
4259:
4243:1888–89 Natives
4191:
4156:
4089:
3999:
3941:
3861:
3794:
3783:
3778:
3748:
3743:
3692:
3668:Tāmaki Makaurau
3658:Hauraki-Waikato
3646:
3640:
3594:
3588:
3575:
3569:
3554:
3548:
3530:
3527:
3525:Further reading
3522:
3521:
3511:
3509:
3495:
3494:
3485:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3458:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3404:
3397:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3369:
3367:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3341:
3339:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3289:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3240:
3238:
3237:on 13 June 2018
3225:
3224:
3220:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3172:
3170:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3146:
3144:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3092:
3088:
3080:
3076:
3068:
3064:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3018:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2954:
2952:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2928:
2926:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2820:
2818:
2816:Hobson's Choice
2810:
2809:
2805:
2795:
2793:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2723:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2686:
2685:
2678:
2670:
2663:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2631:
2629:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2601:
2599:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2484:. 30 March 2023
2474:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2457:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2403:
2401:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2343:
2341:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2308:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2262:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2236:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2141:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1988:
1986:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1942:
1891:
1885:
1873:
1834:not to contest
1602:
1538:Chatham Islands
1496:Tāmaki Makaurau
1466:Hauraki-Waikato
1427:Tāmaki Makaurau
1266:
1227:
1215:Hobson's Pledge
1203:
1165:
1157:
1083:
1036:
1027:
972:
932:
824:
802:, knowledge of
777:
718:
689:
685:Other countries
673:
671:
666:
665:
651:
643:
642:
628:
620:
619:
618:
563:
555:
554:
546:
527:Nationality law
523:
511:
491:
481:
480:
461:
451:
450:
440:
426:
419:
381:Court of Appeal
360:
350:
349:
334:
307:
249:
239:
238:
209:
208:
202:
192:
191:
138:
128:
127:
96:
86:
76:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4352:
4350:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4329:Māori politics
4326:
4316:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4269:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4205:Haka in sports
4201:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4166:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4099:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4045:Naming customs
4042:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4009:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3985:Te Puni Kōkiri
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3951:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3932:Tangata whenua
3929:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3888:United Kingdom
3885:
3877:
3871:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3804:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3754:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3734:Te Tai Rawhiti
3731:
3726:
3721:
3719:Southern Maori
3716:
3714:Northern Maori
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3678:Te Tai Tokerau
3675:
3673:Te Tai Hauāuru
3670:
3665:
3663:Ikaroa-Rāwhiti
3660:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3645:of New Zealand
3641:
3639:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3592:
3586:
3573:
3567:
3552:
3546:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3483:
3456:
3432:
3402:
3395:
3377:
3349:
3323:
3297:
3274:
3248:
3218:
3216:, p. 249.
3206:
3180:
3154:
3126:
3098:
3096:, p. 305.
3086:
3074:
3062:
3050:
3039:. 2 March 2008
3024:
3012:
2980:
2962:
2951:on 27 May 2010
2936:
2908:
2880:
2854:
2828:
2803:
2775:
2761:
2733:
2705:
2676:
2674:, p. 119.
2661:
2654:Wilson, John.
2646:
2609:
2581:
2553:
2523:
2495:
2467:
2439:
2411:
2381:
2379:, p. 138.
2369:
2351:
2325:
2302:, ed. (1940).
2291:
2273:
2252:
2245:
2222:
2204:
2173:
2147:
2130:
2104:
2086:
2065:
2043:
2017:
1996:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1946:Māori politics
1941:
1938:
1884:
1881:
1872:
1869:
1863:Following the
1850:Rawiri Waititi
1836:Te Tai Tokerau
1781:Internet Party
1754:Te Tai Tokerau
1728:National Party
1723:Marae-Digipoll
1704:Te Tai Hauāuru
1677:Winston Peters
1675:party, led by
1634:Te Rangi Hīroa
1601:
1600:Party politics
1598:
1567:
1566:
1545:
1540:, and most of
1523:
1516:Te Tai Tokerau
1513:
1502:Te Tai Hauāuru
1499:
1493:
1483:Ikaroa-Rāwhiti
1480:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1442:Te Tai Tokerau
1439:
1437:Te Tai Hauāuru
1434:
1424:
1419:
1417:Ikaroa-Rāwhiti
1412:, these were:
1410:2005 elections
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1389:Te Tai Tokerau
1386:
1384:Te Tai Hauāuru
1381:
1379:Ikaroa-Rawhiti
1376:
1363:
1362:
1352:
1345:Te Tai Tokerau
1342:
1335:Te Tai Rawhiti
1332:
1325:Te Tai Hauauru
1322:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1283:Southern Maori
1280:
1278:Northern Maori
1275:
1265:
1262:
1242:Winston Peters
1226:
1223:
1202:
1199:
1194:Judith Collins
1169:National Party
1164:
1163:National Party
1161:
1156:
1153:
1128:National Party
1115:Paraone Reweti
1111:Southern Maori
1103:Northern Maori
1082:
1079:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1023:
995:National Party
988:Rawiri Waititi
971:
968:
944:secret ballots
931:
928:
885:Southern Maori
881:John Patterson
877:Northern Maori
828:4th Parliament
823:
820:
792:electoral roll
776:
773:
742:Ngā tūru Māori
720:
719:
717:
716:
709:
702:
694:
691:
690:
688:
687:
681:
668:
667:
664:
663:
658:
656:Māori politics
652:
650:Related topics
649:
648:
645:
644:
641:
640:
635:
629:
626:
625:
622:
621:
617:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
565:
564:
561:
560:
557:
556:
553:
552:
545:
544:
539:
534:
529:
522:
521:
519:in New Zealand
510:
509:
508:
507:
505:Winston Peters
492:
487:
486:
483:
482:
479:
478:
473:
468:
462:
457:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
443:
442:
441:
439:
438:
433:
427:
425:
424:
420:
418:
417:
412:
406:
403:Other Courts:
401:
399:District Court
396:
391:
390:
389:
378:
377:
376:
361:
356:
355:
352:
351:
348:
347:
342:
337:
336:
335:
333:
332:
327:
322:
317:
310:
308:
306:
305:
300:
295:
290:
283:
278:
273:
272:
271:
261:
256:
250:
245:
244:
241:
240:
237:
236:
231:
230:
229:
227:Gerry Brownlee
215:
204:
203:
198:
197:
194:
193:
190:
189:
184:
179:
178:
177:
165:Prime Minister
162:
161:
160:
155:
139:
134:
133:
130:
129:
126:
125:
120:
119:
118:
103:
102:
101:
87:
82:
81:
78:
77:
72:
69:
68:
65:
64:
56:
55:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4351:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4075:Tikanga Māori
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4060:Rongomaraeroa
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3980:Te Pāti Māori
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3965:Mana Motuhake
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3955:Mana Movement
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3893:United States
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3792:
3786:
3782:
3775:
3770:
3768:
3763:
3761:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3740:
3739:Western Maori
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3709:Hauraki Maori
3707:
3705:
3704:Eastern Maori
3702:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3637:
3632:
3630:
3625:
3623:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3589:
3587:0-477-01384-8
3583:
3579:
3574:
3570:
3568:9780195585254
3564:
3560:
3559:
3553:
3549:
3547:9780195585254
3543:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3470:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3451:
3443:
3436:
3433:
3428:
3421:
3420:
3413:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3398:
3392:
3388:
3381:
3378:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3353:
3350:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3285:
3278:
3275:
3263:
3259:
3252:
3249:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3207:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3181:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3130:
3127:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3051:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3013:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2912:
2909:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2884:
2881:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2855:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2829:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2779:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2709:
2706:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2585:
2582:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2557:
2554:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2524:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2443:
2440:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2415:
2412:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2364:teara.govt.nz
2361:
2355:
2352:
2340:
2339:teara.govt.nz
2336:
2329:
2326:
2314:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2246:9781877394195
2242:
2235:
2234:
2226:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2174:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2118:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1912:In 1995, MLC
1910:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1854:Special votes
1851:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1840:Tāmati Coffey
1837:
1833:
1832:Hone Harawira
1829:
1828:Mana Movement
1825:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1797:Internet MANA
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1777:2014 election
1773:
1771:
1767:
1764:. During the
1763:
1762:Mana Movement
1759:
1758:Hone Harawira
1755:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1733:Similarly in
1731:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1700:Tariana Turia
1696:
1694:
1693:1999 election
1690:
1689:1996 election
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1669:1993 election
1666:
1665:Rātana Church
1662:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1650:Taite Te Tomo
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1630:Āpirana Ngata
1627:
1626:James Carroll
1623:
1622:Liberal Party
1619:
1615:
1606:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1586:Pita Sharples
1583:
1578:
1576:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1528:– all of the
1527:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:1996 election
1304:
1295:
1289:
1288:Western Maori
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:Eastern Maori
1271:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1211:David Seymour
1208:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1162:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1142:In 1976, the
1140:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1120:
1119:Eastern Maori
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:Western Maori
1092:
1087:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1067:James Carroll
1064:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1044:Liberal Party
1041:
1033:
1031:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1000:
996:
991:
989:
984:
980:
977:
969:
967:
965:
964:Te Pāti Māori
959:
957:
953:
947:
945:
941:
940:paper ballots
937:
929:
927:
925:
921:
917:
916:Iriaka Rātana
912:
910:
909:Wiremu Parata
906:
902:
898:
894:
893:Western Maori
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
869:Eastern Maori
866:
862:
857:
855:
850:
846:
841:
837:
836:Donald McLean
833:
829:
822:Establishment
821:
819:
815:
813:
809:
805:
804:tikanga Māori
801:
795:
793:
789:
788:
782:
774:
772:
770:
766:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
715:
710:
708:
703:
701:
696:
695:
693:
692:
686:
683:
682:
680:
670:
669:
662:
659:
657:
654:
653:
647:
646:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
624:
623:
615:
612:
610:
609:Republicanism
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
566:
559:
558:
551:
548:
547:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
520:
516:
513:
512:
506:
502:
499:
498:
497:
494:
493:
490:
485:
484:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
463:
460:
455:
454:
447:
444:
437:
434:
432:
429:
428:
422:
421:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
405:
404:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
388:
384:
383:
382:
379:
375:
371:
370:Chief Justice
368:
367:
366:
365:Supreme Court
363:
362:
359:
354:
353:
346:
343:
341:
338:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
312:
311:
309:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
285:
284:
282:
281:
279:
277:
274:
270:
267:
266:
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