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introduced it into India and perfected the technique, making the design applied on objects more intricate. The craft reached its peak in Iran during the eighteenth and nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, Iranian artisans specializing in meenakari were invited to other regions to assist with
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The process usually includes the fusing of coloured powder glass onto a substrate (metal, glass or ceramics) through intense heat (usually between 750 and 850 degrees
Celsius or 1382 and 1562 degrees Fahrenheit). The powder melts and cures to a smooth, durable, glassy coating on metal, glass or
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The word Mīnākārī is a compound word, composed of the words mīnā and kārī. Mīnā is a feminine variation of the word mīnū, which means paradise or heaven. Kārī means to do or place something onto something else. Together, the word Mīnākārī means to place paradise onto an object.
78:. Minakari art usually involves intricate designs (mainly using geometric shapes and designs), and is applied as a decorative feature to serving dishes, containers, vases, frames, display ornaments, and jewelry.
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A Survey of
Persian handicraft: a pictorial introduction to the contemporary folk arts and art crafts of modern Iran
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The art of enameling metal for ornamental reasons has been traced back to the
Parthian and Sassanid period of
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The
Constituent Assembly (Legislature) of Pakistan Debate: Official Report, Volume 1
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115:. However, the meticulous ornamental work seen today can be traced back to
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198:, Survey of Persian Art. Digitised 18 Aug 2010, University of Michigan
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39:) is the process of painting and colouring the surfaces of
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are most famous for their Mīnākārī artifacts and jewelry.
233:, Manager of Publications, University of Minnesota, 1952
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62:form, and commercially produced mainly in
251:, Iran Review (accessed=March 17, 2020)
181:, Iran Review (accessed=March 17, 2020)
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124:training local craftsmen. In India,
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20:An example of Meenakari from Iran.
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169:it is very popularly found in
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218:, Vol. XIV, Fasc. 1, pp.48-55
119:around the 15th century. The
192:Bānk-i Millī-i Īrān (1977),
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264:Minakari (The Smaltatura)
107:Meenakaari art from Iran
99:Meenakaari art from Iran
58:. It is practiced as an
216:, Encyclopaedia Iranica
210:Borjian, Habib (2007),
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245:Mirrazavi, Firouzeh,
175:Mirrazavi, Firouzeh,
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213:Isfahan xiii. CRAFTS
248:The Art of Minakari
178:The Art of Minakari
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56:Safavid Iran
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290:Iranian art
285:Ceramic art
72:Afghanistan
279:Categories
157:References
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126:Rajasthan
82:Etymology
52:enameling
29:Meenakari
145:See also
76:Pakistan
50:through
37:میناکاری
25:Minakari
235:, p.395
136:Process
130:Gujarat
121:Moghuls
91:History
45:ceramic
33:Persian
74:, and
41:metals
68:India
48:tiles
171:iran
128:and
64:Iran
43:and
60:art
27:or
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