229:
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353:
51:
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1522:
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lifestyle and his view of science and marriage being incompatible. His low popularity with his students and their parents periodically depressed him, as he very much loved spreading his enthusiasm for biology in the classroom. After his retirement at the Delft School of
Microbiology in 1921, at age
878:
Beijerinck asserted that the virus was liquid, but this theory was later disproved by
Wendell Stanley, who demonstrated the particulate nature of viruses. Beijerinck, nevertheless, set the stage for twentieth-century virologists to uncover the secrets of viral pathogens now known to cause a wide
303:
2278:
2343:
2283:
2363:
2293:
808:
383:, predecessor at Wageningen, Beijerinck could not culture the filterable infectious agent; however, he concluded that the agent can replicate and multiply in living plants. He named the new
2328:
1010:
966:
488:
from the environment. He is often incorrectly credited with framing the microbial ecology idea that "everything is everywhere, but, the environment selects", which was stated by
1880:
318:) (from 1895). He established the Delft School of Microbiology. His studies of agricultural and industrial microbiology yielded fundamental discoveries in the field of
463:. He learned bacteria could use sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor, instead of oxygen. This discovery has had an important impact on our current understanding of
500:
Beijerinck was a socially eccentric figure. He was verbally abusive to students, never married, and had few professional collaborations. He was also known for his
2288:
685:
341:
2323:
306:, did not have the right to confer doctorates, so Leiden did this for them. He became a teacher in microbiology at the Agricultural School in Wageningen (now
295:, Beijerinck studied at the Technical School of Delft, where he was awarded the degree of biology in 1872. He obtained his Doctor of Science degree from the
2219:
2209:
833:
1596:
1452:
1995:
1970:
1210:
588:
2308:
2303:
1144:
827:
2016:
1031:
de Wit R, Bouvier T. (2006). "Everything is everywhere, but, the environment selects; what did Baas
Becking and Beijerinck really say?".
2318:
2353:
2333:
2204:
989:Über oligonitrophile Mikroben, Centralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung II, Vol 7
909:
2338:
1138:
960:
871:
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2031:
2011:
424:
ions and becomes available to plants, was also investigated by
Beijerinck. Bacteria perform nitrogen fixation, dwelling inside
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315:
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1980:
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to indicate its non-bacterial nature. Beijerinck asserted that the virus was somewhat liquid in nature, calling it "
2086:
1975:
1801:
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915:(St. Paul, Minnesota: American Phytopathological Society) No. 7, pp. 33–52 (St. Paul, Minnesota)
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322:. His achievements have been perhaps unfairly overshadowed by those of his contemporaries,
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477:, the first known sulfate-reducing bacterium, was isolated and described by Beijerinck.
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Bulletin
Scientifique Publié Par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg
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893:"Über ein Contagium vivum fluidum als Ursache der Fleckenkrankheit der Tabaksblätter"
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204:
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Bass-Becking, Lourens G.M. (1934). "Geobiologie of inleiding tot de milieukunde".
364:. In 1898, he published results on the filtration experiments demonstrating that
2224:
1985:
1841:
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1327:
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757:"The Embryonic Beginning of Virology: Unbiased Thinking and Dogmatic Stagnation"
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1955:
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in 1935, the first electron micrographs of TMV produced in 1939 and the first
952:
The Life of a Virus: Tobacco Mosaic Virus as an
Experimental Model, 1930-1965
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1868:
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939:(St. Paul, Minnesota: American Phytopathological Society) No. 7, pp. 27–-30.
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634:"Beijerinck's Work on Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Historical Context and Legacy"
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589:"Martinus Willem Beijerinck (1851–1931): Pioneer of General Microbiology"
449:
421:
417:
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where he lived for the rest of his life, together with his two sisters.
398:" (contagious living fluid). It was not until the first crystals of the
1791:
1651:
1621:
773:
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Verhandelingen der
Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam
1636:
1502:
1265:
445:
429:
2279:
Corresponding
Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1917–1925)
925:
432:). In addition to having discovered a biochemical reaction vital to
375:
His results were in accordance with the similar observation made by
2214:
1661:
1223:
388:
351:
337:. The paper later became the basis for his doctoral dissertation.
233:
227:
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809:"The Discovery of the Causal Agent of the Tobacco Mosaic Disease"
410:
of TMV performed in 1941 proved that the virus was particulate.
334:
1578:
1192:
333:
In 1877, he wrote his first notable research paper, discussing
330:, because unlike them, Beijerinck never studied human disease.
2344:
Members of the Royal
Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
1011:
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
30:"Beijerinck" redirects here. For the lunar crater, see
1123:
Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria
2284:
Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
2364:
Academic staff of Wageningen University and Research
2294:
Academic staff of the Delft University of Technology
955:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 26.
879:
range of plant and animal (including human) diseases
2170:
2124:
2004:
1928:
1892:
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1732:
1679:
1612:
1418:
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935:Translated into English in Johnson, J., Ed. (1942)
440:, Beijerinck revealed this archetypical example of
210:
200:
182:
115:
105:
79:
57:
41:
859:
455:Beijerinck discovered the phenomenon of bacterial
2329:Honorary members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
368:is caused by an infectious agent smaller than a
1179:Beijerinck and the Delft School of Microbiology
638:Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences
929:. Nouvelle Série III (in German and Russian).
686:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
342:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
252:, 16 March 1851 – 1 January 1931) was a Dutch
1590:
1204:
8:
236:, where Beijerinck worked from 1897 to 1921.
858:Lerner, K. L.; Lerner, B. W., eds. (2002).
1597:
1583:
1575:
1211:
1197:
1189:
682:"Martinus Willem Beijerinck (1851 - 1931)"
268:. He is credited with the co-discovery of
49:
38:
2220:Physical factors affecting microbial life
2210:Microbially induced sedimentary structure
772:
731:
706:Lustig, Alice; Levine, Arnold J. (1992).
657:
1453:Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections
360:He is considered one of the founders of
1996:International Census of Marine Microbes
1971:Hydrothermal vent microbial communities
579:
379:in 1892. Like Ivanovsky before him and
1084:
1073:
814:. In Kung, S. D.; Yang, S. F. (eds.).
218:Delft School of Microbiology (founder)
2289:Delft University of Technology alumni
1170:Works by or about Martinus Beijerinck
1147:from the original on 11 December 2020
969:from the original on 11 December 2020
247:
7:
2324:Foreign members of the Royal Society
2017:Microbiomes of the built environment
1545:
862:World of Microbiology and Immunology
587:Chung, K. T.; Ferris, D. H. (1996).
356:Beijerinck working in his laboratory
1557:
1131:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00795.pub2
484:, a fundamental method of studying
2205:Lines on the Antiquity of Microbes
718:(8). Washington, D.C.: 4629–4631.
340:In 1885 he became a member of the
249:[mɑrˈtinʏsˈʋɪləmˈbɛiərɪŋk]
232:The Laboratory of Microbiology in
25:
1184:Viruses and the Prokaryotic World
1102:Geertje Dekkers (24 March 2020).
604:American Society For Microbiology
2238:
2237:
2032:Microbial symbiosis and immunity
1670:
1556:
1544:
1533:
1532:
1520:
1284:
1045:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01017.x
416:, the process by which diatomic
27:Dutch microbiologist (1851–1931)
724:10.1128/JVI.66.8.4629-4631.1992
708:"One Hundred Years of Virology"
541:M.W. Beijerinck Virologie Prijs
408:X-ray crystallographic analysis
312:Polytechnische Hogeschool Delft
260:who was one of the founders of
1117:Arahal, David R. (June 2016).
1104:"De man die het virus bedacht"
1070:: W.P. Van Stockum & Zoon.
949:Creager, Angela N. H. (2002).
537:M.W. Beijerinck Virology Prize
316:Delft University of Technology
314:(Delft Polytechnic, currently
1:
2116:Synthetic microbial consortia
1981:Microbial oxidation of sulfur
1881:Host microbe interactions in
2309:20th-century Dutch botanists
2304:19th-century Dutch botanists
1714:Microbial population biology
908:Translated into English in
816:Discoveries in Plant Biology
147:Biological nitrogen fixation
912:Phytopathological classics.
543:) is awarded in his honor.
474:Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
302:At the time, Delft, then a
172:Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
2380:
2319:Environmental microbiology
1976:Marine microbial symbiosis
1802:Kill the Winner hypothesis
1774:Bacteria collective motion
1033:Environmental Microbiology
937:Phytopathological classics
891:Beijerinck, M. W. (1898).
866:. Thomas Gage Publishing.
606:: 539––543. Archived from
266:environmental microbiology
241:Martinus Willem Beijerinck
125:environmental microbiology
29:
2354:Scientists from Amsterdam
2334:Leeuwenhoek Medal winners
2233:
2012:Microbes in human culture
1668:
1516:
1282:
1245:Social history of viruses
1230:
632:Bos, L. (29 March 1999).
272:(1898), which he called "
222:
193:
151:Sulfate-reducing bacteria
48:
2339:Leiden University alumni
2106:Human Microbiome Project
1817:Microbial biodegradation
933:. St. Petersburg: 67–70.
910:Johnson, J., Ed. (1942)
602:(10). Washington, D.C.:
563:Clostridium beijerinckii
480:Beijerinck invented the
287:Early life and education
155:Nitrogen fixing bacteria
132:Conceptual discovery of
2314:Dutch phytopathologists
2157:Microbiological culture
2152:Microbial DNA barcoding
1961:Antarctic microorganism
1709:Microbial phylogenetics
987:Beijerinck, M.W, 1901,
520:(a genus of bacteria),
469:Spirillum desulfuricans
395:contagium vivum fluidum
275:contagium vivum fluidum
176:Spirillum desulfuricans
163:Azotobacter chroococcum
119:One of the founders of
2142:Impedance microbiology
1883:Caenorhabditis elegans
1699:Microbial intelligence
1689:Microbial biogeography
1446:Helper dependent virus
1083:Cite journal requires
650:10.1098/rstb.1999.0420
366:tobacco mosaic disease
357:
237:
2359:Dutch soil scientists
2299:Dutch microbiologists
2188:Microbial dark matter
2132:Dark-field microscopy
1936:Marine microorganisms
1812:Microbial cooperation
532:are named after him.
465:biogeochemical cycles
461:anaerobic respiration
355:
308:Wageningen University
231:
215:Wageningen University
1807:Microbial consortium
1704:Microbial metabolism
1498:Virus quantification
1493:Virus classification
820:World Publishing Co.
761:Archives of Virology
490:Lourens Baas Becking
420:gas is converted to
400:tobacco mosaic virus
297:University of Leiden
245:Dutch pronunciation:
138:tobacco mosaic virus
129:general microbiology
2264:Martinus Beijerinck
1910:Seagrass microbiome
1488:Virus-like particle
712:Journal of Virology
553:History of virology
428:of certain plants (
310:) and later at the
43:Martinus Beijerinck
32:Beijerinck (crater)
2147:Microbial cytology
2111:Protein production
1946:Marine prokaryotes
1832:Microbial food web
1762:Protist locomotion
1740:Bacterial motility
1694:Microbial genetics
839:on 4 February 2012
822:pp. 105–110.
774:10.1007/bf01718437
568:Sergei Winogradsky
482:enrichment culture
402:(TMV) obtained by
358:
238:
143:Enrichment culture
2251:
2250:
2022:Food microbiology
1915:Soil microbiology
1854:Microbial synergy
1822:Microbial ecology
1572:
1571:
1463:Neurotropic virus
1308:Viral replication
829:978-981-02-1313-8
644:(1383): 675–685.
530:Beijerinck crater
457:sulfate reduction
414:Nitrogen fixation
348:Scientific career
226:
225:
195:Scientific career
187:Leeuwenhoek Medal
110:Leiden University
16:(Redirected from
2371:
2241:
2240:
2042:Human microbiome
1966:Coral microbiome
1900:Plant microbiome
1674:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1576:
1560:
1559:
1548:
1547:
1536:
1535:
1524:
1359:Phenotype mixing
1295:Viral life cycle
1288:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1190:
1174:Internet Archive
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855:
849:
848:
846:
844:
838:
832:. Archived from
813:
801:
795:
794:
776:
755:Bos, L. (1995).
752:
746:
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697:
696:
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678:
672:
671:
661:
629:
623:
622:
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618:
613:on 25 April 2012
612:
593:
584:
526:Hyphomicrobiales
522:Beijerinckiaceae
505:70, he moved to
377:Dmitri Ivanovsky
251:
246:
90:
88:
68:
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53:
39:
21:
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1951:Marine protists
1924:
1905:Root microbiome
1888:
1797:Biological pump
1778:
1728:
1675:
1666:
1608:
1603:
1573:
1568:
1512:
1414:
1373:
1369:Viral evolution
1354:Antigenic shift
1349:Antigenic drift
1337:
1333:Lysogenic cycle
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805:Zaitlin, Milton
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471:, now known as
404:Wendell Stanley
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106:Alma mater
101:
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28:
23:
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18:M.W. Beijerinck
15:
12:
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5:
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2349:Nitrogen cycle
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2183:Deep biosphere
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2178:Bioremediation
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2137:DNA sequencing
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1941:Marine viruses
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1876:Quorum sensing
1873:
1872:
1871:
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1846:
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1844:
1839:
1837:microbial loop
1829:
1827:Microbial cyst
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1745:run-and-tumble
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1606:Microorganisms
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1458:Marine viruses
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1426:Antiviral drug
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1313:Viral shedding
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1271:Viral envelope
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1187:
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1165:
1164:External links
1162:
1159:
1158:
1139:
1119:"Beijerinckia"
1109:
1094:
1085:|journal=
1058:
1039:(4): 755–758.
1023:
1001:Jean, Euzeby.
993:
980:
961:
941:
917:
883:
872:
850:
828:
796:
767:(3): 613–619.
747:
698:
673:
624:
578:
577:
575:
572:
571:
570:
565:
560:
555:
548:
545:
514:
511:
497:
494:
434:soil fertility
349:
346:
288:
285:
283:
280:
254:microbiologist
224:
223:
220:
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212:
208:
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202:
198:
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191:
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184:
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117:
116:Known for
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
93:
83:1 January 1931
81:
77:
76:
70:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2218:
2216:
2213:
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2208:
2206:
2203:
2199:
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2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2027:Microbial oil
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:Human related
2003:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:Picoeukaryote
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1849:Microbial mat
1847:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
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1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1642:Nanobacterium
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:Cyanobacteria
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1595:
1593:
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1577:
1565:
1564:
1555:
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1552:
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1540:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1478:Viral disease
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1443:
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1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1390:Bacteriophage
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1323:Virus latency
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1277:
1276:Viral protein
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1146:
1142:
1140:9781118960608
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1077:
1069:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1005:Desulfovibrio
997:
994:
991:, pp. 561–582
990:
984:
981:
968:
964:
962:9780226120256
958:
954:
953:
945:
942:
938:
932:
928:
921:
918:
914:
913:
905:
902:(in German).
901:
894:
887:
884:
880:
875:
873:0-7876-6540-1
869:
864:
863:
854:
851:
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825:
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817:
810:
806:
800:
797:
792:
788:
784:
780:
775:
770:
766:
762:
758:
751:
748:
743:
739:
734:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
702:
699:
687:
683:
677:
674:
669:
665:
660:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
628:
625:
609:
605:
601:
597:
590:
583:
580:
573:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
558:Nitrification
556:
554:
551:
550:
546:
544:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
524:(a family of
523:
519:
512:
510:
508:
503:
496:Personal life
495:
493:
491:
487:
483:
478:
476:
475:
470:
466:
462:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
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411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
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391:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
371:
367:
363:
354:
347:
345:
343:
338:
336:
331:
329:
328:Louis Pasteur
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
286:
281:
279:
277:
276:
271:
267:
263:
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255:
250:
242:
235:
230:
221:
216:
213:
209:
206:
203:
199:
196:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
139:
135:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
100:
96:
82:
78:
74:, Netherlands
73:
61:16 March 1851
60:
56:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2193:Microswimmer
2087:in pregnancy
2037:Nylon-eating
1920:Spermosphere
1882:
1681:Microbiology
1561:
1549:
1537:
1525:
1441:Viral vector
1436:Helper virus
1400:Human virome
1385:Animal virus
1364:Reassortment
1240:Introduction
1220:Microbiology
1149:. Retrieved
1122:
1112:
1097:
1076:cite journal
1061:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1014:. Retrieved
1004:
996:
988:
983:
971:. Retrieved
951:
944:
936:
930:
926:
920:
911:
903:
899:
886:
877:
861:
853:
841:. Retrieved
834:the original
815:
799:
764:
760:
750:
715:
711:
701:
689:. Retrieved
676:
641:
637:
627:
615:. Retrieved
608:the original
599:
595:
582:
540:
534:
518:Beijerinckia
516:
499:
479:
472:
468:
459:, a form of
454:
426:root nodules
412:
393:
387:
374:
359:
339:
332:
311:
301:
290:
273:
240:
239:
211:Institutions
205:Microbiology
194:
175:
171:
162:
36:
2274:1931 deaths
2269:1851 births
2225:Siderophore
1986:Phycosphere
1842:viral shunt
1563:WikiProject
1431:Giant virus
1410:Plant virus
1328:Lytic cycle
1303:Viral entry
1151:11 December
1106:(in Dutch).
973:11 December
513:Recognition
438:agriculture
381:Adolf Mayer
335:plant galls
324:Robert Koch
304:Polytechnic
159:Azotobacter
99:Netherlands
2258:Categories
2125:Techniques
1956:Microalgae
1864:microbiota
1859:Microbiome
1647:Prokaryote
1508:Virosphere
1483:Viral load
1473:Satellites
1259:Components
1016:6 November
843:17 October
617:17 October
574:References
65:1851-03-16
2198:biohybrid
2052:dysbiosis
1869:holobiont
1767:amoeboids
1750:twitching
1468:Oncovirus
1405:Mycovirus
1395:Virophage
1318:Viroplasm
1068:The Hague
442:symbiosis
370:bacterium
299:in 1877.
293:Amsterdam
168:Rhizobium
91:(aged 79)
72:Amsterdam
2243:Category
2162:Staining
2094:placenta
1724:Virology
1719:Mycology
1657:Protozoa
1627:Bacteria
1539:Category
1342:Genetics
1250:Virology
1145:Archived
1125:: 1–18.
1053:16584487
967:Archived
807:(1998).
791:23685370
668:10212948
596:ASM News
547:See also
486:microbes
450:bacteria
444:between
422:ammonium
418:nitrogen
385:pathogen
362:virology
291:Born in
262:virology
258:botanist
121:virology
1792:Biofilm
1784:Ecology
1755:gliding
1652:Protist
1622:Archaea
1551:Commons
1378:By host
1235:History
1172:at the
1003:"Genus
906:: 1–22.
783:7733832
742:1629947
691:19 July
659:1692537
528:), and
507:Gorssel
502:ascetic
430:legumes
320:biology
270:viruses
95:Gorssel
87:1931-02
85: (
63: (
2099:uterus
2082:vagina
2047:asthma
1929:Marine
1893:Plants
1733:Motion
1614:Groups
1527:Portal
1503:Virome
1266:Capsid
1137:
1051:
959:
870:
826:
789:
781:
740:
733:241285
730:
666:
656:
446:plants
201:Fields
189:(1905)
183:Awards
2215:Omics
2171:Other
2072:mouth
2057:fecal
1662:Virus
1637:Fungi
1419:Other
1224:Virus
896:(PDF)
837:(PDF)
812:(PDF)
787:S2CID
611:(PDF)
592:(PDF)
389:virus
234:Delft
134:virus
2077:skin
2067:lung
1153:2020
1135:ISBN
1089:help
1049:PMID
1018:2014
975:2020
957:ISBN
868:ISBN
845:2011
824:ISBN
779:PMID
738:PMID
693:2015
664:PMID
619:2011
535:The
448:and
436:and
326:and
282:Life
264:and
256:and
127:and
80:Died
58:Born
2062:gut
1127:doi
1041:doi
769:doi
765:140
728:PMC
720:doi
654:PMC
646:doi
642:354
278:".
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1074:{{
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
