766:, captured Aleppo from Ibn Mulhim, after defeating a Fatimid expeditionary force led by Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan. In response, Caliph al-Mustansir stripped Thimal of his holdings along the Syrian coast, to which Thimal protested, claiming his innocence of the affairs in Aleppo. He accepted a proposal by the caliph to recognize him as emir of Aleppo once again in return for ousting Mahmud. Thimal departed Cairo and upon reaching Homs, summoned the Kilab to support him. A large part of the tribe heeded his call and marched with him to the gates of Aleppo, which he reached in January 1061. His initial siege was called off upon the arrival of Mahmud's Numayrid reinforcements and a smaller part of the Kilab, with whom Mahmud pursued Thimal and the rest of the Kilab. Thimal defeated Mahmud, who withdrew to Aleppo and appealed for the intervention of the Kilabi chiefs. The latter mediated an end to the fighting whereby Mahmud surrendered Aleppo to Thimal on 23 April in return for significant payment in cash and grain and a yearly salary.
635:, while conferring lower-ranking imperial titles on al-Sayyida al-Alawiyya and six other members of the Mirdasid household. Thimal thus became a vassal of Byzantium in the same way Nasr had been. In Zakkar's estimation, Thimal had been motivated to seek Byzantine protection out of fears that the Fatimids would at one point or another turn against him. Though al-Mustansir confirmed Thimal's governorship in 1045, tensions between Thimal and al-Mustansir increased when the former only partially restored to the Fatimids the 400,000 or 600,000 dinars left in Aleppo's citadel by al-Dizbari. Further straining ties was Thimal's discontinuation of the annual 20,000 dinar tribute to al-Mustansir.
493:
Aleppo. Subsequent to the
Mirdasids' victory, Thimal left Aleppo to bring back his family to the city, but during his absence Nasr seized the citadel and became the sole Mirdasid emir of Aleppo. Thimal sought to regain the city and to that end, gained the support of most of the Banu Kilab. Most likely in response to this threat, Nasr appealed for Byzantine protection and entered Byzantine vassalage in May 1031. The chieftains of the Banu Kilab ultimately mediated a reconciliation between Thimal and Nasr whereby the former would rule the Upper Mesopotamian portion of the Mirdasid emirate from al-Rahba while Nasr would rule the Syrian portion from Aleppo.
685:, Ali ibn Iyad. The latter persuaded al-Mustansir to accept a Mirdasid delegation headed by al-Sayyida al-Alawiyya and including Thimal's young son, Waththab, in late 1050. The delegates paid the caliph 40,000 dinars, which amounted to two years of unpaid tribute. Al-Sayyida al-Alawiyya declared the Mirdasids' loyalty to the Fatimids and beckoned al-Mustansir to "grant peace and protection" to Aleppo. Al-Mustansir subsequently confirmed Thimal's authority over Aleppo and the other territories of his realm.
671:. The Byzantine emperor unsuccessfully attempted to persuade al-Mustansir to halt the advance and consequently dispatched two armies to oversee developments in northern Syria. To prevent their utilization by the Fatimids, Muqallid demolished the fortifications of Ma'arrat al-Nu'man and Hama. In August 1050, Rifq's forces were annihilated by Thimal's Kilabi troops at Jabal Jawshin and Rifq was detained and fatally wounded.
692:(chieftain of the state), Ibn al-Aysar, oversaw municipal affairs in Aleppo and was Thimal's principal representative with the Byzantine emperor and the Fatimid caliph. Annual tributes to both rulers were maintained. Unlike his Mirdasid predecessors who relied on Aleppine Christians as their viziers, Thimal entrusted fiscal policy to a succession of viziers from his old powerbase al-Rahba, as well as
485:) perceived the young Mirdasid emirs as weak rulers whose emirate was susceptible to a Fatimid takeover. Thus, he decided to move against the Mirdasids despite the latter's efforts to negotiate a peaceful arrangement. However, the army Romanos led was routed by a much smaller Mirdasid force led by Nasr at the
811:
encroachments in the mountains and plateaux situated between Aleppo and
Antioch" (as referenced above), in the words of Bianquis. Atiyya took up power to the chagrin of Mahmud, who considered himself the rightful emir of Aleppo. Thimal's death signaled the decline of the Kilabi chiefs' influence over
579:
The
Fatimid state, guided by al-Jarjara'i, had grown afoul of al-Dizbari's virtual independence and consolidation of power across Syria. Al-Jarjara'i condemned al-Dizbari as a traitor and much of the Fatimid army in Syria abandoned him. He was ultimately forced to leave Damascus for Aleppo, prompting
654:
Following Ibn Hamdan's withdrawal, Thimal attempted to negotiate a peace with al-Mustansir through the latter's successive Jewish viziers, Sadaqa ibn Yusuf al-Falahi and Abu Sa'd, but both were executed in relatively quick succession. His cousin, Ja'far ibn Kamil, meanwhile went on the offensive and
650:
in Aleppo's vicinity for the dual purpose of remaining close to the city and having access to a water supply for his troops. However, he was forced to
Damascus as a result of heavy losses in men and equipment incurred when the Quwayq flooded his camp during heavy rains. Due to these natural events,
492:
During the engagement with the
Byzantines, Thimal had remained in Aleppo with the bulk of the warriors of Banu Kilab to defend the city and its citadel should Nasr's cavalry be dispersed. The brothers had meanwhile sent away their families to shelter in their tribe's encampments at the outskirts of
777:
While during his previous reign, Thimal had been an ally and practical vassal of the
Byzantines, during his second reign he abandoned this policy in favor of the Fatimids. Zakkar theorizes that this was due to his lengthy stay in Cairo, where he may have come to realize the Fatimids were no longer
700:
and Hibat Allah ibn
Muhammad al-Ra'bani al-Rahbi. The latter two were "experts in public finance", according to Bianquis, and had served other Muslim rulers. The inhabitants of Aleppo generally prospered during this period and benefitted from low prices. The city experienced a construction boom in
546:
in charge of the citadel and a Kilabi kinsman, Khalifa ibn Jabir, in charge of the city, while he could gather reinforcements from among the
Bedouin tribesmen of the Jazira. Al-Dizbari's army ultimately besieged Aleppo and by June/July 1038, had captured it and expelled Muqallid and Khalifa, along
537:
According to the historian Suhayl Zakkar, Thimal's intention had been to "restore his own position in Aleppo which Nasr had usurped from him an almost similar way". Nonetheless, he became demoralized at the defeat of his brother and feared he was not in a strong enough position to hold Aleppo. He
513:
to Nasr's emirate to al-Dizbari's chagrin. The dismissed
Fatimid governor of Homs appealed for al-Dizbari's assistance to oust Nasr, prompting al-Dizbari to launch a campaign against the Mirdasids. Nasr mobilized as many Kilabi warriors as he could and together with Thimal confronted al-Dizbari's
769:
Thimal's second reign was marked by campaigns against the
Byzantines and the Numayrids. Against the latter, who had taken control of al-Rahba, Thimal dispatched his brother Atiyya with a Kilabi troop to restore Mirdasid possession of the strategic town in August 1061. After Atiyya captured it,
782:
inroads into Anatolia and Byzantium's possible support for Mahmud in the 1060 fighting. When the Byzantines restored a string of fortresses north of Aleppo around January 1062, Thimal considered this a threat and moved against a Byzantine army at the fortress of
713:
In 1057 and 1058, several domestic and external pressures caused Thimal's rule to become untenable. Among these was a severe drought and failed harvest in the emirate, a new state of war between the Fatimids represented by their expeditionary commander in Syria,
754:(Byblos). Ibn Mulhim subsequently became the Fatimid governor of Aleppo. Thimal's rule over the three coastal towns was evidently a tributary arrangement, as he did not exercise control over them and took up residence in Cairo with the blessing of al-Mustansir.
651:
Thimal was spared a potential Fatimid siege. During the 1048 Fatimid campaign, Thimal, suspicious of the loyalties of Aleppo's notable class, detained several notables, including the qadi Ibn Abi Jarada, and personally executed one of them.
591:) the governorship of Aleppo. By the time Thimal mobilized his Kilabi and other Bedouin forces from al-Raqqa to seize Aleppo, al-Dizbari died in January 1042. However, Thimal and Muqallid's troops were refused entry into the city by the
415:
that had been in his father's possession since 1008; Salih lived in a tribal encampment on the outskirts of Aleppo. Until the conquest of Aleppo, the Mirdasid court was in al-Rahba, where it was visited by the poet
742:, to mediate with Thimal and facilitate his departure. In the ensuing agreement, Thimal stepped down on 23 January 1058 and the Fatimids compensated him with the governorships or appendages of the coastal towns of
816:, who had entered northern Syria shortly following Thimal's death. With their backing, Atiyya held off Mahmud and his Kilabi backers until 1065, when Ibn Khan defected to Mahmud and helped him take over Aleppo.
674:
After his victory, Thimal sought to avoid further conflict and achieve reconciliation with the Fatimids. To that end, he released all their war prisoners and entered into a mediation brokered by the Fatimid
501:
By 1038, Nasr had become embroiled in conflict with al-Dizbari, the powerful Damascus-based governor of Syria. The enmity, dating from al-Dizbari's defeat and killing of Nasr and Thimal's father at
787:
in May, which he defeated. Afterward, the Byzantines agreed to dismantle the new fortifications and pay Thimal an annual sum. The Byzantines reneged within a few months and their governor of
462:
managed to escape the Mirdasids' rout. Afterward, Nasr and Thimal abandoned the string of central Syrian cities their father had conquered and concentrated their forces in the territories of
315:
in 1038, Thimal took control of Aleppo but quickly departed to avoid a Fatimid assault. He once again reverted to his Jaziran domains, which were reduced by Anushtakin's captures of
342:
in 1050, while maintaining his tribute to Byzantium. The resulting peace brought stability to the Mirdasid realm for the next seven years, during which Aleppo grew and prospered.
646:
before defeating Thimal outside of Aleppo, forcing the latter to retreat behind the city walls. In the fall of 1048, Ibn Hamdan encamped his forces at Shildi, a village on the
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consequently allowed Thimal entry on 22 February, forcing the Fatimid troops to barricade themselves in a palace adjacent to the citadel, which was held by al-Dizbari's former
1537:
424:(king). Ibn Abi Hasina was particularly associated with Thimal and noted nearly every event of his life, though the medieval chroniclers did not record many of these events.
615:(slave soldiers). Thimal was able to quickly capture the palace, but only captured the citadel after a seven-month siege, after which he was congratulated by al-Mustansir.
722:
against Aleppo from the east. Thimal's inability to satisfy the financial demands of his tribesmen, the foundation of Mirdasid power, and his conflict with his brother
338:, becoming a vassal of their empire, to the opposition of the Fatimids. After three abortive Fatimid campaigns against him, Thimal reconciled with the Fatimid caliph
1547:
629:) to gain Byzantine protection in return for recognizing Theodora' suzerainty and offering tribute. Theodora accepted and bestowed upon Thimal the title of
807:
and made the surprise decision to nominate him as his successor. On 28 November 1062, Thimal died "after leading several victorious operations against
538:
therefore departed the city for the Jazira with his family, including Nasr's wife, al-Sayyida al-Alawiyya bint Waththab, and the latter and Nasr's son
558:
from him, but was unable to take al-Rahba. Meanwhile, Thimal had married al-Sayyida al-Alawiyya, Nasr's widow and a princess of Thimal's allies, the
566:
and al-Rafiqa and subsequently entrusted them with Thimal. The latter made al-Raqqa his capital in order to remain as close as possible to Aleppo.
597:(urban militia) supported by the Fatimid garrison whose troops defied al-Mustansir's decree. Thimal retreated to the Kilabi tribal encampments at
534:. During the battle, Thimal fled with his Kilabi loyalists, leaving Nasr and a small core of supporters to be defeated and slain by al-Dizbari.
619:
1413:
361:, in 1060, Thimal reasserted control over the city. He spent much of his short second reign campaigning successfully against the Byzantines.
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and Ja'far ibn Kulayd, respectively, along with auxiliaries from the Banu Kalb, to conquer Aleppo. The Fatimid force captured Hama and
1542:
1532:
1356:
470:, corresponding with northern Syrian and the western Jazira, respectively. They shared power in Aleppo, with Thimal controlling the
393:. Thimal's birth year is unknown, like that of the other Mirdasids. Like most Muslims of the Aleppo region, the Kilab professed the
688:
The peace with the Fatimids contributed to the stability of Thimal's emirate for the next seven years. During this time, Thimal's
407:), "Abū ʿUlwān", a name associated with Shia Islam. Prior to Salih's capture of Aleppo in 1024, Thimal resided in the fortress of
795:
against Thimal. The plot was uncovered and prompted Thimal to engage the Byzantines in two small skirmishes in October 1062.
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443:(chosen successor) and his name was inscribed accordingly on coinage alongside the names of Salih and the Fatimid caliph,
300:
1527:
334:
After Anushtakin died in 1042, Thimal assumed control in Aleppo with Fatimid support. Nevertheless, he allied with the
454:), whose suzerainty the Mirdasids nominally acknowledged. When Salih was slain by the forces of the Fatimid general
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took advantage of Thimal's precarious position and apparent intention to vacate his emirate. The vizier sent the
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al-Jarjara'i to request that Thimal neutralize him. Moreover, Thimal was formally granted by the Fatimid caliph
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doctrine, though to what extent is unclear. One indication of Thimal's subscription to the religion was his
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capable of organizing a serious military campaign against Aleppo, and the Byzantines' preoccupation with
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1504:
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In 1048, al-Mustansir dispatched an army led by the Fatimid governors of Damascus and Homs,
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Thimal retained the Mesopotamian portion of Mirdasid emirate, but al-Dizbari later captured
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Thimal's Numayrid wife, al-Sayyida al-Alawiyya, reconciled Thimal and the Numayrids under
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Mirdasid affairs in favor of an emerging force, Turkmen mercenaries under the command of
659:, provoking a renewed Fatimid expedition against the Mirdasids. This campaign was led by
562:. When her brother Shabib ibn Waththab died in 1039/40, she inherited the twin cities of
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Urban Autonomy in Medieval Islam: Damascus, Aleppo, Cordoba, Toledo, Valencia and Tunis
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Nevertheless, financial and political conditions and dissent amongst his tribe, the
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Thimal moved to Aleppo following its conquest. He was designated by Salih as his
420:
in 1019 and 1022. The poet extolled Thimal in both visits and eulogized him as a
349:, the Mirdasids' core troops, compelled Thimal to abdicate in 1057 and retire to
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and the Fatimid troops entered into conflict over control of the city. The
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after marrying Nasr's widow, the Numayrid princess al-Sayyida al-Alawiyya.
526:. The Mirdasids were defeated and while they regrouped, al-Dizbari sacked
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at the head of a 30,000-strong army including an uneasy mix of regular
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During his siege of the citadel, Thimal sent envoys to Empress
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north of Homs. The two sides fought again at Tell Fas, near
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The chosen successor of the Mirdasids' founder, his father
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in 1029–1030 and then solely in 1042–1057 and 1061–1062.
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Thimal fell ill around this time and invited Atiyya to
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troops and Bedouin auxiliaries from the Banu Kalb and
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135:Al-Sayyida al-Alawiyya bint Waththab al-Numayri
547:with any Mirdasid loyalists left in the city.
791:conspired with some elements of the Aleppine
8:
385:whose territories encompassed the region of
497:Conflict with the Fatimid governor of Syria
1441:
1392:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
29:
1400:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 115–123.
701:houses, most of which survived until the
474:and Nasr the city. The Byzantine emperor
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505:, was reignited when the Fatimid vizier
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1538:Arab people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
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161:Abū ʿUlwān Thimāl ibn Ṣāliẖ ibn Mirdās
152:
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303:half of the emirate from his seat in
228:Abu Ulwan Thimal ibn Salih ibn Mirdas
7:
762:In September 1060, Thimal's nephew,
265:
235:
71:Makin al-Dawla Ibn Mulhim al-Uqayli
25:
411:, a fortified town on the middle
1426:The Emirate of Aleppo: 1004–1094
1406:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5220
696:: Abu'l Fadl Ibrahim al-Anbari,
250:; died 1062), also known by his
27:Emir of Aleppo from 1048 to 1058
624:
586:
480:
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357:was ousted by Thimal's nephew,
288:jointly with his elder brother
236:أبو علوان ثمال بن صالح بن مرداس
323:. Nevertheless, he gained the
1:
307:. When Nasr was slain by the
703:Mongol destruction of Aleppo
509:engineered the allotment of
301:Jaziran (Upper Mesopotamian)
1371:"Mirdās, Banū or Mirdāsids"
698:Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Jahir
276:
246:
52:February 1048 – August 1058
18:Mu'izz ad-Dawla Thimal
1564:
1501:
1488:
1480:
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1429:. Beirut: Dar al-Amanah.
640:Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan
172:
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1543:11th-century Arab people
1533:Mirdasid emirs of Aleppo
1423:Zakkar, Suhayl (1971).
433:Power-sharing with Nasr
1484:Rashid al-Dawla Mahmud
1345:Amabe, Fukuzo (2016).
655:killed Ibn Kulayd at
542:. He left his cousin
456:Anushtakin al-Dizbari
365:Early life and career
353:. When the Fatimids'
313:Anushtakin al-Dizbari
1505:Asad al-Dawla Atiyya
1305:, pp. 162, 165.
709:Vacating the emirate
369:Thimal was a son of
256:(honorific epithet)
1528:Syrian Shia Muslims
1448:Shibl al-Dawla Nasr
1332:, pp. 166–168.
1290:, pp. 163–164.
1227:, pp. 153–154.
1005:, pp. 123–124.
993:, pp. 122–123.
981:, pp. 107–108.
930:, pp. 113–116.
894:, pp. 105–105.
799:Death and aftermath
428:Struggles for power
290:Shibl al-Dawla Nasr
644:Ma'arrat al-Nu'man
544:Muqallid ibn Kamil
355:governor of Aleppo
1511:
1510:
1502:Succeeded by
1466:Succeeded by
1415:978-90-04-09419-2
1367:Bianquis, Thierry
1351:. Leiden: Brill.
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1357:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1322:
1320:, p. 120.
1307:
1292:
1277:
1275:, p. 162.
1265:
1263:, p. 161.
1253:
1251:, p. 160.
1241:
1229:
1210:
1198:
1196:, p. 154.
1181:
1179:, p. 119.
1158:
1143:
1141:, p. 141.
1131:
1129:, p. 140.
1110:
1108:, p. 139.
1098:
1096:, p. 138.
1083:
1081:, p. 118.
1058:
1056:, p. 134.
1043:
1041:, p. 133.
1031:
1029:, p. 132.
1019:
1017:, p. 125.
1007:
995:
983:
971:
969:, p. 108.
959:
957:, p. 107.
944:
942:, p. 113.
932:
915:
913:, p. 117.
896:
884:
872:
860:
858:, p. 105.
848:
836:
823:
821:
818:
800:
797:
759:
756:
710:
707:
576:
573:
571:
570:Emir of Aleppo
568:
498:
495:
487:Battle of Azaz
464:Jund Qinnasrin
434:
431:
429:
426:
418:Ibn Abi Hasina
366:
363:
223:
222:
217:
213:
212:
207:
203:
202:
197:
191:
190:
185:
179:
178:
175:
174:
170:
169:
163:
162:
158:
157:
149:
148:
143:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
68:
64:
63:
61:Nasr ibn Salih
58:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1560:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1506:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1443:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1358:9789004315983
1354:
1350:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1318:Bianquis 1993
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1242:
1239:, p. 68.
1238:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1208:, p. 78.
1207:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:Bianquis 1993
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1156:, p. 67.
1155:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:Bianquis 1993
1102:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1079:Bianquis 1993
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1008:
1004:
999:
996:
992:
987:
984:
980:
975:
972:
968:
963:
960:
956:
951:
949:
945:
941:
936:
933:
929:
924:
922:
920:
916:
912:
911:Bianquis 1993
907:
905:
903:
901:
897:
893:
888:
885:
882:, p. 29.
881:
876:
873:
870:, p. 91.
869:
864:
861:
857:
852:
849:
846:, p. 84.
845:
840:
837:
834:, p. 87.
833:
828:
825:
819:
817:
815:
810:
806:
798:
796:
794:
790:
786:
781:
775:
773:
767:
765:
757:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
708:
706:
704:
699:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
679:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
652:
649:
645:
641:
636:
634:
633:
621:
616:
614:
613:
608:
604:
600:
596:
595:
583:
574:
569:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
548:
545:
541:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
508:
504:
496:
494:
490:
488:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
446:
442:
441:
432:
427:
425:
423:
419:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
364:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
343:
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
278:
272:
263:
259:
255:
254:
248:
242:
233:
229:
221:
218:
214:
211:
208:
204:
201:
198:
196:
192:
189:
186:
184:
180:
171:
168:
164:
159:
154:
150:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
127:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
44:
40:
36:
31:
19:
1489:
1453:
1425:
1397:
1390:
1347:
1339:Bibliography
1325:
1268:
1256:
1244:
1232:
1201:
1134:
1101:
1034:
1022:
1010:
998:
986:
974:
962:
935:
887:
875:
863:
851:
839:
827:
802:
792:
776:
768:
761:
758:Second reign
712:
689:
687:
676:
673:
653:
648:Quwayq River
637:
630:
617:
610:
606:
602:
592:
582:al-Mustansir
578:
549:
536:
507:al-Jarjara'i
500:
491:
440:walī al-ʿaḥd
438:
436:
421:
398:
395:Twelver Shia
368:
344:
340:al-Mustansir
333:
294:
257:
251:
227:
226:
1523:1062 deaths
1396:Volume VII:
1387:Pellat, Ch.
1330:Zakkar 1971
1303:Zakkar 1971
1288:Zakkar 1971
1273:Zakkar 1971
1261:Zakkar 1971
1249:Zakkar 1971
1225:Zakkar 1971
1206:Zakkar 1971
1194:Zakkar 1971
1139:Zakkar 1971
1127:Zakkar 1971
1094:Zakkar 1971
1054:Zakkar 1971
1039:Zakkar 1971
1027:Zakkar 1971
1015:Zakkar 1971
1003:Zakkar 1971
991:Zakkar 1971
979:Zakkar 1971
967:Zakkar 1971
955:Zakkar 1971
940:Zakkar 1971
928:Zakkar 1971
892:Zakkar 1971
880:Zakkar 1971
868:Zakkar 1971
856:Zakkar 1971
844:Zakkar 1971
832:Zakkar 1971
720:al-Basasiri
681:(judge) of
669:Banu Jarrah
575:First reign
560:Banu Numayr
503:al-Uqhuwana
476:Romanos III
468:Diyar Mudar
280:), was the
167:Regnal name
90:Predecessor
57:Predecessor
1517:Categories
1237:Amabe 2016
1154:Amabe 2016
820:References
716:Ibn Mulhim
405:paedonymic
379:Banu Kilab
347:Banu Kilab
336:Byzantines
266:معز الدولة
220:Shia Islam
188:Banu Kilab
1475:governor)
1435:759803726
809:Byzantine
728:al-Yazuri
705:in 1260.
632:magistros
599:Qinnasrin
524:Salamiyah
520:Banu Kalb
516:Banu Tayy
413:Euphrates
271:romanized
241:romanized
145:Waththab
98:Successor
77:governor)
67:Successor
1493:emir of
1491:Mirdasid
1457:emir of
1455:Mirdasid
1389:(eds.).
1369:(1993).
814:Ibn Khan
740:Ibn Aqil
657:Kafartab
620:Theodora
564:al-Raqqa
445:al-Zahir
409:al-Rahba
327:city of
325:Numayrid
311:army of
305:al-Rahba
284:emir of
282:Mirdasid
216:Religion
200:Mirdasid
1473:Fatimid
1398:Mif–Naz
789:Antioch
612:ghilmān
472:citadel
309:Fatimid
273::
243::
195:Dynasty
115:Unknown
75:Fatimid
1495:Aleppo
1459:Aleppo
1433:
1412:
1385:&
1355:
805:Aleppo
793:ahdath
780:Seljuk
752:Jubayl
750:, and
748:Beirut
724:Atiyya
665:Berber
607:aḥdāth
603:aḥdāth
594:aḥdāth
556:Manbij
532:Latmin
391:Jazira
387:Aleppo
317:Manbij
286:Aleppo
262:Arabic
232:Arabic
206:Father
147:Thabit
132:Spouse
126:Aleppo
43:Aleppo
1373:. In
785:Artah
694:Mosul
552:Balis
422:malik
400:kunya
351:Cairo
329:Raqqa
321:Balis
253:laqab
183:Tribe
156:Names
141:Issue
82:Reign
49:Reign
1431:OCLC
1410:ISBN
1353:ISBN
744:Acre
736:Tyre
732:qadi
683:Tyre
678:qāḍī
661:Rifq
554:and
528:Hama
518:and
511:Homs
466:and
460:Nasr
375:emir
319:and
123:1062
120:Died
112:Born
39:Emir
1402:doi
734:of
41:of
1519::
1408:.
1394:.
1381:;
1377:;
1310:^
1295:^
1280:^
1213:^
1184:^
1161:^
1146:^
1113:^
1086:^
1061:^
1046:^
947:^
918:^
899:^
774:.
746:,
738:,
625:r.
587:r.
481:r.
450:r.
268:,
264::
238:,
234::
1471:(
1437:.
1418:.
1404::
1361:.
622:(
584:(
478:(
447:(
403:(
260:(
230:(
73:(
20:)
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