42:
218:
272:, was imprisoned in Riyadh by his nephews, sons of Saud bin Faisal, Muhammad attacked and captured the city to help Abdullah, but instead of reestablishing Abdullah's rule Muhammad appointed a Rashidi governor to the city. The governor was Salim Al Sibhan who was one of the closest allies of Muhammad. In addition, Muhammad liberated Abdullah bin Faisal, but took him to Hail as a hostage. He also brought three sons of Saud bin Faisal to Hail.
265:, against the cruel rule of Muhammad in 1872. The Ottomans could not gain the full authority over the region, but installed an eighty-soldier troop there in 1873. The failure of the Ottomans was partly due to the fact that Muhammad was supplied military aid by the British and French authorities. In order to avoid any challenge from Muhammad, the Ottomans strengthened the alliance with him which in turn was very advantageous for Muhammad.
209:. The exile of Muhammad had very undesired effects on the commercial activities, so Bandar asked his uncle to return to Hail who accepted his offer and resumed his previous post. However, following his return to Hail, Muhammad killed Bandar bin Talal due to the intrafamilial disputes, and Bandar's brothers fled Hail.
245:
and Riyadh in addition to the regions near the borders of Aleppo, Damascus, Basra and Oman. Hail became a significant commercial center and had population of nearly 20,000 during
Muhammad's reign. His success was partly due to the struggle between the Al Saud members, namely
41:
233:
Soon after this incident
Muhammad ascended to the throne in 1869. The Emirate of which base was in Hail expanded during his reign, and Muhammad managed to rule nearly two-thirds of Arabia, including
170:
which ceased to exist for a second time in 1891. His reign lasted from 1869 to 1897, and he was the most influential ruler of the
Emirate of Jabal Shammar for which he is called Muhammad the Great.
324:
1131:
276:
261:
which was seized by Faisal Al
Shalaan during the 1860s. However, the people of the region asked for protection from Abdullatif Subhi Pasha, the Ottoman governor of
1156:
1141:
247:
619:
343:
222:
190:. During the reign of his brothers, Muhammad functioned as the caravan leader securing the commercial activities of the Emirate and guiding the
903:
677:
598:
536:
416:
337:
561:
1016:
471:
Henry
Rosenfeld (July–December 1965). "The Social Composition of the Military in the Process of State Formation in the Arabian Desert".
283:
which ended the
Emirate of Najd and led to the exile of the Al Saud family. Following the battle he captured Riyadh and ruled Najd.
251:
617:
Jeff Eden (2019). "Did Ibn Saud's militants cause 400,000 casualties? Myths and evidence about the
Wahhabi conquests, 1902–1925".
1040:
205:
who became the emir of Jabal
Shammar, the older generation of the dynasty, including Muhammad and his uncle Ubayd left Hail for
1113:
292:
77:
1151:
438:
957:
187:
870:
An historical analysis of Saudi Arabia's foreign policy in time of crisis: The
October 1973 War and the Arab Oil Embargo
183:
306:
On 28 November 1897 Muhammad died of natural causes in Hail. He was succeeded by his adopted son and nephew
Abdulaziz.
1096:
669:
202:
139:
67:
1161:
447:
217:
1146:
1038:
Peter Sluglett (December 2002). "The Resilience of a Frontier: Ottoman and Iraqi Claims to Kuwait, 1871-1990".
738:
590:
398:
268:
Muhammad became the single strong figure in Najd by 1884. In 1887 he annexed Najd when Abdullah bin Faisal,
528:
195:
990:
961:
932:
907:
878:
874:
849:
542:
159:
49:
1136:
845:
695:"Material Conditions, Knowledge and Trade in Central Arabia During the 19th and Early 20th Centuries"
179:
524:
The Rashidi Amirate of Hayl: The rise, development and decline of a premodern Arabian principality
1057:
780:
636:
488:
408:
234:
226:
17:
986:
742:
713:
673:
659:
594:
532:
412:
380:
333:
280:
167:
96:
732:
584:
402:
1049:
818:
772:
705:
628:
480:
372:
300:
296:
258:
807:"The tribal partners of empire in Arabia: the Ottomans and the Rashidis of Najd, 1880–1918"
291:
Muhammad married a woman from Aba Al Khail family. He had no child and adopted his nephew,
1103:
1080:
269:
163:
151:
129:
760:
1125:
1061:
640:
275:
Four years later in 1891 Muhammad defeated the Al Saud forces who were the allies of
262:
1053:
632:
362:"The Imama vs. the Iqal: Hadari-Bedouin Conflict and the Formation of Saudi State"
663:
1009:
994:
965:
936:
911:
882:
853:
546:
451:
841:
The Ottoman Gulf and the Creation of Kuwayt, Sa'udi Arabia and Qatar, 1871-1914
473:
The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
980:
951:
926:
897:
868:
839:
717:
522:
384:
746:
198:
and Iraq through which he acquired both wealth and popularity among locals.
1010:"Saudi Arabia: Modernity, Stability, and the Twenty-First Century Monarchy"
694:
361:
242:
823:
806:
784:
492:
238:
124:
928:
British-Saudi Arab Relations, 1902-1927: A Revisionist Interpretation
709:
562:"Tribal States in History: The Emirate of Ibn Rashid as a Case Study"
376:
206:
776:
484:
295:. In addition to his native Arabic Muhammad had a good command of
216:
182:, the founder of the Emirate, and the brother of the second Emir,
191:
899:
Saudi Arabia 1902–1932: The Development of a Wahhabi Society
201:
When the Emir Mutaib bin Abdullah was killed by his nephew
734:
Abdulaziz Al Saud and the Great Game in Arabia, 1896-1946
303:
which he had learned while acting as a caravan leader.
763:(October 1923). "Jauf and the North Arabian Desert".
953:
American and British aid to Saudi Arabia, 1928-1945
135:
123:
109:
95:
87:
83:
73:
63:
55:
48:
34:
931:(PhD thesis). Columbia University. p. 17.
440:Political and religious origins of Saudi Arabia
279:, younger brother of Abdullah and Saud, in the
332:. New York: Infobase Publishing. p. 161.
8:
1071:
40:
31:
950:Abdulmuhsin Rajallah Al Ruwaithy (1990).
822:
654:
652:
650:
620:British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
432:
430:
428:
223:Abdul Rahman bin Faisal bin Turki Al Saud
1132:19th-century monarchs in the Middle East
221:In 1891 Muhammad defeated the forces of
158:, died 28 November 1897) was one of the
838:Frederick Fallowfield Anscombe (1994).
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
315:
115:Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Ali Al Rashid
27:Emir of Jabal Shammar from 1869 to 1897
800:
798:
796:
794:
612:
610:
466:
464:
194:. His caravan activities were between
106:
904:University of California, Los Angeles
586:Historical Dictionary of the Bedouins
371:. European University Institute: 17.
7:
982:Ibn Saud: The Arabian Nation Builder
1157:Politicians from the Ottoman Empire
1142:Arab people from the Ottoman Empire
1017:Joint Special Operations University
155:
25:
704:. European University Institute.
560:Eveline J. van der Steen (2009).
1076:Muhammad bin Abdullah Al Rashid
1041:The International History Review
531:. pp. 81–83, 96, 118, 136.
450:. pp. 83–85. Archived from
18:Muḥammad bin ʿAbdullah Al Rashid
693:Guido Walter Steinberg (2002).
326:A Brief History of Saudi Arabia
162:and is known for defeating the
148:Muhammad bin Abdullah Al Rashid
35:Muhammad bin Abdullah Al Rashid
1114:Abdulaziz bin Mutaib Al Rashid
925:George Ogden Linabury (1970).
896:Lawrence Paul Goldrup (1971).
178:Muhammad was the third son of
156:محمد بن عبد الله بن علي الرشيد
1:
1054:10.1080/07075332.2002.9640981
1008:Roby C. Barrett (June 2015).
979:Bakor Omar Kashmeeri (1973).
958:University of Texas at Austin
633:10.1080/13530194.2018.1434612
1104:Emir of the House of Rashid
521:Michael John Baran (1992).
1178:
1097:Bandar bin Talal Al Rashid
811:New Perspectives on Turkey
670:Cambridge University Press
437:Bilal Ahmad Kutty (1993).
404:Succession in Saudi Arabia
140:Abdullah bin Ali Al Rashid
1110:
1101:
1093:
1088:
1074:
867:Naila Al Sowayel (1990).
731:Hassan S. Abedin (2002).
665:A History of Saudi Arabia
448:Aligarh Muslim University
225:, bringing an end to the
114:
105:
39:
805:Talha Çiçek (May 2017).
765:The Geographical Journal
591:Rowman & Littlefield
583:Muhammad Suwaed (2015).
323:James Wynbrandt (2010).
287:Personal life and death
529:University of Michigan
230:
186:, and the third Emir,
160:Emirs of Jabal Shammar
875:Georgetown University
739:King's College London
220:
50:Emir of Jabal Shammar
846:Princeton University
399:Joseph A. Kechichian
293:Abdulaziz bin Mutaib
257:Muhammad recaptured
78:Abdulaziz bin Mutaib
761:H. St. J. B. Philby
360:Abdulaziz Al Fahd.
248:Abdullah bin Faisal
188:Mutaib bin Abdullah
180:Abdullah bin Rashid
824:10.1017/npt.2017.7
672:. pp. 25–26.
409:Palgrave Macmillan
231:
227:Second Saudi State
184:Talal bin Abdullah
1152:People from Ha'il
1120:
1119:
1111:Succeeded by
987:Howard University
702:EUI Working Paper
679:978-0-521-64412-9
660:Madawi Al Rasheed
600:978-1-4422-5451-0
538:979-8-207-23915-6
418:978-0-3122-3880-3
369:EUI Working Paper
339:978-0-8160-7876-9
301:Turkish languages
281:battle of Mulayda
168:battle of Mulayda
145:
144:
119:
118:
16:(Redirected from
1169:
1162:Sons of monarchs
1094:Preceded by
1072:
1066:
1065:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1014:
1005:
999:
998:
976:
970:
969:
947:
941:
940:
922:
916:
915:
893:
887:
886:
864:
858:
857:
835:
829:
828:
826:
817:: 109–110, 114.
802:
789:
788:
757:
751:
750:
728:
722:
721:
699:
690:
684:
683:
656:
645:
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605:
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459:
458:
456:
445:
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395:
389:
388:
366:
357:
351:
350:
348:
342:. Archived from
331:
320:
157:
107:
91:28 November 1897
68:Bandar bin Talal
44:
32:
21:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1147:House of Rashid
1122:
1121:
1116:
1107:
1099:
1084:
1081:House of Rashid
1077:
1070:
1069:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1020:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1002:
978:
977:
973:
949:
948:
944:
924:
923:
919:
906:. p. 112.
895:
894:
890:
866:
865:
861:
837:
836:
832:
804:
803:
792:
777:10.2307/1781017
759:
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754:
730:
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725:
698:(Working Paper)
697:
692:
691:
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658:
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616:
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601:
582:
581:
577:
559:
558:
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539:
520:
519:
500:
485:10.2307/2844424
479:(2): 175, 183.
470:
469:
462:
457:on 5 June 2021.
454:
443:
436:
435:
426:
419:
397:
396:
392:
365:(Working Paper)
364:
359:
358:
354:
349:on 26 May 2021.
346:
340:
329:
322:
321:
317:
312:
289:
252:Saud bin Faisal
215:
176:
130:Rashidi dynasty
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1175:
1173:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1089:Regnal titles
1086:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1068:
1067:
1030:
1000:
989:. p. 97.
985:(PhD thesis).
971:
956:(PhD thesis).
942:
917:
902:(PhD thesis).
888:
877:. p. 25.
873:(PhD thesis).
859:
848:. p. 90.
844:(PhD thesis).
830:
790:
752:
741:. p. 43.
737:(PhD thesis).
723:
685:
678:
646:
606:
599:
593:. p. 20.
589:. Lanham, MD:
575:
552:
537:
527:(PhD thesis).
498:
460:
424:
417:
411:. p. 14.
390:
352:
338:
314:
313:
311:
308:
288:
285:
259:Al Jawf region
214:
211:
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1018:
1011:
1004:
1001:
996:
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988:
984:
983:
975:
972:
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963:
960:. p. 7.
959:
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943:
938:
934:
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929:
921:
918:
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505:
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499:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
467:
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461:
453:
449:
446:(MA thesis).
442:
441:
433:
431:
429:
425:
420:
414:
410:
406:
405:
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394:
391:
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47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1102:
1079:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1021:. Retrieved
1019:. p. 30
1003:
981:
974:
952:
945:
927:
920:
898:
891:
869:
862:
840:
833:
814:
810:
768:
764:
755:
733:
726:
701:
688:
664:
624:
618:
585:
578:
569:
565:
555:
523:
476:
472:
452:the original
439:
407:. New York:
403:
393:
368:
355:
344:the original
325:
318:
305:
290:
277:Abdul Rahman
274:
270:Emir of Najd
267:
256:
232:
200:
177:
147:
146:
29:
1137:1897 deaths
164:Saudi State
64:Predecessor
1126:Categories
1108:1869–1897
1048:(4): 790.
771:(4): 243.
627:(4): 525.
566:Al Rafidan
310:References
174:Early life
1062:153471013
995:302645613
966:303920456
937:302503094
912:302463650
883:303848353
854:304117067
718:1028-3625
710:1814/1774
641:149088619
547:303993600
385:1028-3625
377:1814/1769
74:Successor
59:1869–1897
1013:(Report)
991:ProQuest
962:ProQuest
933:ProQuest
908:ProQuest
879:ProQuest
850:ProQuest
747:59173487
662:(2002).
543:ProQuest
401:(2001).
243:Buraidah
785:1781017
493:2844424
297:Persian
239:Unaizah
166:in the
1060:
1023:5 June
993:
964:
935:
910:
881:
852:
783:
745:
716:
676:
639:
597:
572:: 120.
545:
535:
491:
415:
383:
336:
235:Qassim
207:Riyadh
203:Bandar
152:Arabic
136:Father
1058:S2CID
781:JSTOR
637:S2CID
489:JSTOR
455:(PDF)
444:(PDF)
347:(PDF)
330:(PDF)
263:Syria
213:Reign
125:House
110:Names
97:Issue
56:Reign
1025:2021
743:OCLC
714:ISSN
674:ISBN
595:ISBN
533:ISBN
413:ISBN
381:ISSN
334:ISBN
299:and
250:and
196:Hail
192:hajj
101:None
88:Died
1050:doi
819:doi
773:doi
706:hdl
629:doi
481:doi
373:hdl
1128::
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1046:24
1044:.
1015:.
815:56
813:.
809:.
793:^
779:.
769:62
767:.
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700:.
668:.
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635:.
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564:.
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254:.
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821::
787:.
775::
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720:.
708::
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631::
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549:.
495:.
483::
421:.
387:.
375::
229:.
150:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
