240:; when a player cannot lay a tile, he or she has the option to "knock"; this conditionally skips the next player. If the player after the skipped player can score, he must do so, and play then continues as normal. If he cannot, even if he can play, that player knocks and play reverts to the player who knocked first, who must draw until he can find a playable domino, and then the player who would have been skipped is allowed to play. This is common in a partnership form of the game played with four players; a knocking player thus defers to his/her partner who might be able to score. It is considered cheating for one partner to signal the other that he/she should knock.
188:. The starting play is determined either by who holds the heaviest (highest) double (or single, if no one has a double) and that person plays first. If it is a 6–4, 5–5, 5–0, 4–1, or 3–2, the initial count is evenly divisible by five and so the player scores. Players in turn then lay a matching tile on one of the endpoints. Doubles are played crosswise and singles are played off its sides. Each player must play if holding a domino matching an end. A player who cannot match must draw until obtaining a playable tile or the boneyard is exhausted.
20:
272:, was described in 1863 and was a precursor to Muggins. It was played with a double-six set, although one description uses double-nine dominoes, and players scored one point for every five pips scored as well as 1 or 5 points for winning. Scoring used a cribbage board. It was recorded as recently as 1981. There are at least two modern versions of All Fives that are quite different from one another and from classic All Fives. One is a single spinner game like
249:
328:
in combination, however. If Player A plays the 6–5 and Player B the 6–1, then Player B scores 2 points because 5 and 1 sum to six (two threes). Player A then plays the 1–5 and earns 2 points because 5 and 5 sum to 10 (two fives). If Player B then plays the 5–5 crosswise, Player B scores 8 points, 5 for five threes and 3 for three fives. Fives and Threes is sometimes played with a spinner. Games are usually played to 31, 61, or 121 points using a
195:, which gives the game its name, is that a player must announce the count when playing a tile that scores a multiple of five; if he or she fails to do so and an opponent calls "Muggins!", the score is forfeited. Most accounts of the rules state the requirement to announce the count, but not all mention that the opponent may call "Muggins!" or that the points are forfeited. Some rules allow the calling opponent to claim the points for themselves.
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The player who goes out wins additional points based on the value of dominoes still in other players' hands, which is scored by counting all the pips on those dominoes. Each opponent's hand is rounded to the nearest multiple of five; for example, the winner scores 25 for 27 pips in an opponent's hand
148:
character and incorporating a single spinner, making it identical, or closely related, to Sniff. Most published rule sets for
Muggins include the rule that gives the game its name, but some modern publications omit it even though the muggins rule has been described as the unique feature of this game.
327:
emerged in the early 20th century and is a popular league and pub game in
Britain today. It is similar to Muggins and All Threes, but points are scored for multiples of five and multiples of three at the open ends. Multiples of five and multiples of three are worth one point each. They can be scored
147:
without making any distinction between the two. This confusion continues to the present day with some publications equating the names and others describing All Fives as a separate game. Some modern descriptions of All Fives are quite different from the original, having lost much of their cribbage
216:
to learn from each move their opponent makes. For instance, if a player could have scored 20 points by playing the 4-4 on one turn, their opponent can reasonably assume that their opponent does not have this domino. Champion dominoes players are able to identify these insights, combine them with
211:
Muggins allows for complex dominoes strategy. Because players can score either by making the ends add up to a multiple of five, or by being the first to get rid of all their dominoes, players must balance the need to score throughout the hand with the need to get rid of their difficult dominoes.
229:. Modern variants differ in the number of tiles taken initially; the use of double-six, -nine, -twelve, or -fifteen sets; whether the initial tile must be a double. Modern rules sometimes admit the feature of the first double becoming a single spinner, but this variant is more commonly known as
115:
appeared for the first time in both
English and American sources. This game borrowed the counting and scoring features of cribbage, but 5 domino spots instead of 15 card points became the basic scoring unit, worth 1 game point. The game was played to 31 and employed a
175:
of five. The points earned are equal to the sum of the ends. Therefore, if a player plays a tile that makes the sum of the ends 5, 10, 15 or 20, the player scores that number. All pips on a crosswise double are included in the count until both sides are played on.
139:, but reprints of both rule sets continued to be produced in parallel for around twenty years before the version with the muggins rule prevailed. From around 1871, however, the names of All Fives and Muggins, became conflated and many publications issued rules for
669:
Hoyle's Games: Improved and
Enlarged by New and Practical Treatises, with the Mathematical Analysis of the Chances of the Most Fashionable Games of the Day, Forming an Easy and Scientific Guide to the Gaming Table, and the Most Popular Sports of the
342:. This generally keeps the game more competitive. For the bonus score at the end of the hand, the player who finished the hand receives points equal to tile with the most pips in competitors' hands, rounded down to the nearest prime number.
657:
Hoyle's Games, Improved: Consisting of
Practical Treatises on Whist ... [etc.] : with an Essay on Game Cocks and the Rules &c. at Horse Races : Wherein are Comprised Calculations for Betting Upon Equal Or Advantageous
276:, except that the spinner can only be placed crosswise and does not count once both sides are played on. Usually only 5 tiles are dealt to each player even in the two-hand game. The second game has no spinner and is essentially the
306:
continue to score before being covered by a matching tile; or whether the arms of a crosswise stub may be extended by one or more tiles. When the game first appeared around 1900, the rule was simple: the
159:
that was open four ways. In 1904, this game was first called Sniff and the name stuck. In the mid-19th century, another variant of the Fives family, Five Up or Five-Up, was created in the
315:
must be played on both sides before the ends may be played on; or, if played inline, it must be played on both ends before the sides may be played on. Only then does it become a spinner.
131:. The cribbage board was dropped, 5 spots scored 5 points, and game was now 200 for two players and 150 for three or four. Despite the name, which is the same as a term used in
203:, the lightest hand (hand with fewest pips) wins, still earning points based on the pips in opponents' hands, usually subtracting the winner's pip count from the total.
1024:
135:
to challenge a player who fails to declare his scoring combinations, no such 'muggins rule' was mentioned. This omission was rectified in the 1868 edition of
184:
Each player takes five tiles, when playing with four players or more, or seven when playing with two or three. The remainder are pushed aside to form the
280:
version of Fives in which players may play a second tile after playing any double or scoring tile. However, they may not go out by playing such a tile.
352:(US) is a further development of Sniff that features every double as a spinner. It was invented in the mid-19th century in the San Francisco area.
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The word muggins is used colloquially to mean "a fool or idiot (especially as an ironic way of referring to oneself)", hence the
Cribbage term.
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444:
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Points are earned when a player plays a tile (also called a domino or bone) with the result that the count (the sum of all open ends) is a
68:
Muggins is characterised by its 'fives' scoring system, the 'muggins rule' and the fact that there is no spinner. The aims of the game are
43:
107:. The rules for these games were reprinted, largely unchanged, for over half a century. In 1863, a new game variously described as
847:
311:
was played crosswise; any open end still counted and there was no limit on the length of the arms. By convention, the
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The Modern Pocket Hoyle: Containing All the Games of Skill and Chance as played in this country at the present time
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and may be played four ways. Rules vary as to whether the first play must be a doublet and hence the
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A game of
Muggins in progress. The last player has just scored 20, the spot total on the open ends.
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19:
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is played in the same manner as
Muggins, except that points are earned for multiples of three.
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248:
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72:, i.e. be first to shed all one's hand tiles, and, during play, to score points by playing a
49:
Muggins is part of the Fives family of domino games whose names differ according to how many
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and 30 for 28 points. These points are summed and awarded to the winner. If all players are
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is
Muggins, usually without the muggins rule, but with a single spinner, known as the
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is the Double-3 and is the only spinner. The last player has just scored 25.
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can be played endwise, crosswise, or both; whether the ends of a crosswise
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area of the US that extended the role of spinner to every doublet played.
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At the end of the 19th century a new variant appeared in which the first
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is played similar to Fives and Threes except the only scoring plays are
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How to Play
Draughts, Backgammon, Dominoes and Minor Games at Cards.
42:. Although suitable for up to four players, Muggins is described by
620:
How to Play Draughts, Backgammon, Dominoes and Minor Games at Cards
99:
towards the end of the 18th century, early forms of play being the
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or All Fives was the progenitor of the family and had no spinners.
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649:(3rd ed.). New York and London: Frederick. A. Stokes.
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other information, and remember them throughout the hand.
290:. The first doublet played automatically becomes the
389:
See, for example, Berndt (1974) or Brandreth (1981).
57:
and modern All Fives have a single spinner, and, in
53:
are in play. Muggins is the game without a spinner,
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900:
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61:, all doubles are spinners. However, historically
225:All early versions of Muggins were played with a
640:(4th ed.). New York: Dick & Fitzgerald.
751:
569:at dominorules.com. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
8:
123:The following year, rules for a game called
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678:Kelley, Jennifer A.; Lugo, Miguel (2003).
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689:The Book of Indoor and Outdoor Games
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46:as "a good, quick two player game".
1025:WikiProject Board & Table Games
1020:
631:. London, Melbourne, Toronto: Dent.
700:. New York: Dick & Fitzgerald.
14:
680:The Little Giant Book of Dominoes
645:Foster, Robert Frederick (1897).
252:A game of Sniff in progress. The
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999:
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580:"Is there strategy in dominoes?"
436:Rules for All Fives at Pagat.com
95:were introduced to England from
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76:that makes the total number of
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421:. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
84:equal to a multiple of five.
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687:Kingsland, Florence (1904).
438:Retrieved January 28, 2008.
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636:Dick, Wm Brisbane (1868).
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627:Brandreth, Gyles (1981).
622:. London: Stevens. 1863.
362:Glossary of domino terms
127:were first published in
80:on all endpoints of the
30:, sometimes also called
647:Foster's Complete Hoyle
629:Everyman's Indoor Games
137:The Modern Pocket Hoyle
40:commonly available sets
38:played with any of the
673:. Longman and Company.
666:Hoyle, Edmond (1859).
654:Hoyle, Edmond (1803).
584:Dominoes Strategy Book
529:Kelley & Lugo 2003
257:
236:A common variation is
155:to be played became a
24:
682:. New York: Sterling.
251:
22:
995:Domino game category
141:Muggins or All Fives
913:Triangular Dominoes
605:, pp. 186–187.
543:, pp. 563–564.
516:, pp. 301–302.
492:, pp. 395=396.
480:, pp. 257–258.
214:deductive reasoning
720:at britannica.com.
698:The American Hoyle
468:, pp. iii–iv.
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129:The American Hoyle
25:
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823:Cribbage Dominoes
781:Rectangular tiles
696:"Trumps" (1864).
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266:Cribbage Dominoes
212:Players must use
113:Cribbage Dominoes
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264:, also known as
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691:. Doubleday.
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813:Buki-Domino
541:Foster 1897
278:Tiddly-Wink
44:John McLeod
36:domino game
16:Domino game
1015:Wiktionary
923:Triominoes
873:Sebastopol
788:All Threes
589:2022-03-01
478:Hoyle 1859
466:Hoyle 1803
397:References
319:All Threes
221:Variations
101:Block Game
972:Pub games
793:All Fives
730:pagat.com
514:Dick 1868
419:pagat.com
368:Footnotes
262:All Fives
105:Draw Game
70:to domino
32:All Fives
1040:Category
957:Dominoes
952:Glossary
356:See also
330:cribbage
238:knocking
207:Strategy
186:boneyard
173:multiple
133:cribbage
93:Dominoes
51:spinners
1005:Commons
918:Trioker
908:Contack
883:Spinner
863:Muggins
853:Matador
838:Five Up
725:Muggins
713:Muggins
566:Five-Up
502:muggins
414:Muggins
350:Five-Up
346:Five Up
332:board.
201:blocked
167:Scoring
157:spinner
153:doublet
125:Muggins
88:History
59:Five Up
34:, is a
28:Muggins
828:Cyprus
803:Bergen
336:Primes
97:France
82:layout
878:Sniff
868:Prime
843:Fives
718:Sniff
670:Field
658:Terms
313:sniff
309:sniff
304:sniff
300:sniff
296:sniff
292:sniff
288:sniff
284:Sniff
274:Sniff
270:Fives
254:sniff
231:Sniff
63:Fives
55:Sniff
716:and
454:1863
191:The
180:Play
103:and
78:pips
74:tile
728:at
417:at
348:or
143:or
111:or
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521:^
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233:.
759:e
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592:.
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