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208:. The story is considered a fictional masterpiece that “opened up new themes, a new Brazilian language for fiction.” Macunaíma, tells the story of a young man named Macunaíma, who was born in the Brazilian jungle, as he embarks on a series of adventures where he encounters strange characters along the way. On one of his adventures, Macunaíma loses his
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warriors with whom they mated. At midnight, they dived into the river and brought up a greenish clay in their hands, which they molded into various forms: frogs, turtles or other animals, and presented these to their loved ones. Some versions say that this ritual would take place in an enchanted lake
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Retrieved from the bottom of the river and shaped by the women, the still soft clay hardened in contact with the elements. These objects were then strung on the strands of hair of their brides and used as amulets by their male warriors. To date, this amulet is considered a sacred object, believed to
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during the 1920s and 1930s, de
Andrade's impressive work was distinguished by its engagement with Brazilian folklore and culture. He worked “to define a vision to which artists could adhere, through generations and ensuing trends, and claimed that actualizing postwar European models of constructive
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women to prevent disease and avoid infertility. Their popularity spread around the Lower Amazon Basin and through to the
Caribbean, where Muiraquitãs from the Amazon state in Brazil were found. "They must have been an object of exchange among elites," says archaeologist Marcondes Lima da Costa,
212:, which signified the only link left between Macunaíma and his wife Ci, who gave him the amulet before departing to the skies after the death of their son. There is a legend that says that Amazonian warrior women couldn’t have long-lasting relationships with men, therefore gifting the
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Federal
University of Pará. Fashion reached Europe in the eighteenth century when these amulets were taken to the Old Continent. It was believed that they prevented epilepsy and kidney stones. Today they are rare pieces that reach high prices at auctions.
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to Macunaíma, who is “the hero of our people”, in the story came to “represent a union between
Brazilian people and tropical nature.” The union between Ci and Macunaíma becomes the “high point of the hero’s happiness and tranquility” which is why the
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modernist tendencies could make possible a similar renovation of
Brazilian culture.” He aimed to emphasize Brazilian native culture in modern Brazil while moving away from the Eurocentric narratives that dominated Brazilian culture.
100:) or wood, and representing animals (especially frogs, but also others such as fish and turtles) or people. Muiraquitãs are often used as pendants, amulets, and in other decorative capacities.
196:(1893-1945) a writer, poet, and musician, born in Brazil, is considered one of the most influential figures in Brazilian literature and culture. A leading member of the
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511:[Muyrakytã or Muiraquitã, an Archaeological Jade Talisman Coming from Amazonia: Historical Review and Anthropogeological Implications]
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509:"Muyrakytã ou Muiraquitã, um Talismã Arqueológico em Jade Procedente da Amazônia: Uma Revisão Histórica e Considerações Antropogeológicas"
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107:, there are a number of legends associated with the muiraquitã, to which supernatural qualities are often attributed.
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to a man represented a symbolic alliance between the man and the woman. Ci, an
Amazonian warrior woman, giving the
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prompts Macunaíma on a journey to search for the amulet, becoming a driving force in the story.
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Handbook of South
American Archaeology, pg. 292, Helaine Silverman, William Isbell - Springer
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458:"(De-)Latinizing America: How Gilberto Freyre and Mário de Andrade Imagined the Global South"
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Abrasoffa: Associação
Brasileira Dos Organizadores de Festivais de Folclore e Artes Populares
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bring happiness and luck and also to cure almost all diseases. It is also found in
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female warriors to all those
Indians who annually visited their camp at the river
377:"Mario de Andrade, Mentor: Modernism and Musical Aesthetics in Brazil, 1920-1945"
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The
Muiraquitã, a carved green frog-shaped stone, was used as an amulet by the
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85:", "rounded object") is the name given to various types of old artefacts of
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One of de Andrade's most famous modernist works is his novel
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The legend says that the amulet was offered as a gift by the
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holds significant value for Macunaíma. The loss of the
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Muiraquitã right to Andrade on the banknote of 500,000
283:Entangled Edens: Visions of the Amazon, pg. 81,
507:Marcondes Lima da Costa; et al. (2002).
8:
318:
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268:Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa
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206:Macunaíma: The Hero with No Character
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600:Indigenous sculpture of the Americas
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375:Hamilton-Tyrrell, S. (2005-12-12).
92:origin, carved in stone (primarily
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287:- University of California Press
595:Indigenous culture of the Amazon
349:"Amazonas: lenda ou realidade?"
77:, "tree", "stick", "wood" and
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585:Indigenous culture in Brazil
456:Melo, Alfredo Cesar (2013).
244:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
198:Modernist movement in Brazil
529:10.1590/1809-43922002323490
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414:Morse, Richard M. (1950).
555:Culture, Fauna and Flora
357:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
26:National Museum of Brazil
324:"Folclore: Estatuetas"
250:Additional information
111:Historical information
54:: /mujɾakiˈtɐ̃/, from
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474:10.1353/mln.2013.0029
416:"Brazilian Modernism"
393:10.1093/musqtl/gdi001
381:The Musical Quarterly
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562:Folclore: Muiraquitã
52:Brazilian Portuguese
24:. Collection of the
580:Brazilian mythology
239:Brazilian mythology
184:Literature and Arts
42:Brazilian cruzeiros
590:Brazilian folklore
442:– via JSTOR.
158:("mirror moon" in
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20:Frog-shaped
387:(1): 7–34.
164:îasy arugûá
134: [
81:, "knot", "
59:mbïraki'tã,
574:Categories
549:Muiraquitã
534:2011-11-04
361:2021-01-27
334:2011-11-05
272:muiraquitã
255:References
227:Muiraquitã
223:Muiraquitã
218:Muiraquitã
214:Muiraquitã
210:Muiraquitã
156:Jaci uaruá
90:Indigenous
48:Muiraquitã
22:Muiraquitã
490:161092049
482:1080-6598
401:0027-4631
189:Macunaíma
173:Macunaíma
147:Icamiabas
87:Amazonian
270:, entry
233:See also
160:Old Tupi
151:Guacaris
143:Nhamundá
131:icamiaba
105:folklore
98:nephrite
69:", from
551:, from
501:Sources
440:3847468
117:Tapajós
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154:named
124:Legend
513:(PDF)
486:S2CID
436:JSTOR
138:]
75:mbyra
71:muyrá
67:trees
553:Pará
478:ISSN
397:ISSN
305:ISBN
289:ISBN
94:jade
83:wart
79:quit
63:knot
56:Tupi
525:doi
470:doi
466:128
462:MLN
428:doi
389:doi
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65:of
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