Mullah Omar - Knowledge (XXG)

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push, SOF units were now cleared to plan and execute direct-action attacks whenever deemed necessary, a long-awaited move that led to hundreds of reported enemy deaths. One US official spoke of an "unrestricted hunting license" having been given to US SOF forces for going after Taliban militia and Al Qaeda personnel. General Franks was said to have granted the involved SOF units their greatest freedom of action since Vietnam. Those units worked in small teams, primarily at night, identifying Taliban and Al Qaeda positions around Kandahar and engaging them without seeking prior CENTCOM approval. Much of this direct-action work came in the form of quick responses to tips. Ultimately, Army Special Forces units married up with converging opposition group forces, with the A-Team code-named Texas 12 accompanying Karzai and his fighters from the north and Texas 17 with Gul Agha Sharzai and his forces from the south.

1182:, Omar stated in the late 1990s, "We have told Osama not to use Afghan soil to carry out political activities as it creates unnecessary confusion about Taliban objectives." Bin Laden was a challenge for Omar: he was widely seen as a defender of the faith, had deep pockets, and if he were to censure the Taliban, the movement would likely end. However, Omar did not want bin Laden spreading a message of jihad. Omar summoned bin Laden to meet him in 1996 after bin Laden's declaration of jihad against the United States the same year. He asked bin Laden to stop talking about the jihad, but as a matter of Pashtun tribal custom did not outright forbid him, as it would be deeply insulting to a guest. Bin Laden chose to ignore Omar. The high stature of bin Laden and his importance in keeping the Taliban in power were further evidenced by Omar visiting bin Laden as a guest, a sign of deference and respect. After the 1592:. His hideout was connected to underground irrigation channels that ran up into the hills. Soon after moving there, the US started building Forward Operating Base (FOB) Wolverine an hour's walk or about three miles away, but Omar stayed put. The FOB eventually housed about 1,000 United States troops, and sometimes other NATO troops. To avoid detection, he would occasionally hide in the underground irrigation tunnels connected to his hideout, as US planes flew over or if US or Afghan troops came to search the area. People in the village knew that Taliban personnel were living there and offered gifts of clothes and food to Omari and Omar. In 2019, the Taliban released a picture of the supposed hideout where Omar spent the last years of his life. The pictures show a modest mud house with a small garden in which Omar "used to sit in the sun", according to a Taliban spokesman. 4237:

being deployed in southern Afghanistan. "Stick to your positions and fight to the death" the aide quoted Omar as saying, according to the Associated Press. "We are ready to face these Americans. We are happy that they have landed here and we will teach them a lesson." "Stick to your positions and fight to the death." The message was apparently broadcast after the Taliban leader escaped unharmed from a U.S. airstrike on what was Pentagon officials say they believed to be a command bunker close to the city of Kandahar. Officials say Omar is still in the city, which has been the movement's stronghold for several years. Mullah Abdul Salam Zaeef, the Taliban's former ambassador to Pakistan, said Omar was not injured in the attack and was "safe and sound".

6267: 6298: 6189: 6127: 6092: 1076: 1985:, who visited him with academics and activists at the beginning of his rule. The members of this group applauded the order and security he brought to the country, and Jahani remembers him as a "tall and handsome" man who "listened in quiet." Zaeef said "he listened, he was patient, and he did not react in anger." Conversely, a former Saudi intelligence chief who met him said Omar was "extremely nervous, perspired, and even screamed at me." Senior Taliban leaders claimed he would "stumble over his native tongue in the interviews he occasionally gave the 422: 1064: 6334: 6232: 436: 932:, in research published in 2019, he went to Pakistan on one other occasion during the war, to fetch weapons following a dispute within his mujahideen group. Mutmaen denies that Omar went there for weapons, but acknowledges that a few members of Omar's family claim he visited Pakistan four times during the war – once for the injury, then to register his group, and two visits to injured friends. 1221: 1040:. In the ensuing fight, Omar's group freed the boy; appeals soon flooded in for Omar to intercede in other disputes. His movement gained momentum through the year and he quickly gathered recruits from Islamic schools totaling 12,000 by the year's end with some Pakistani volunteers. By November 1994, Omar's movement managed to capture the whole of the Kandahar Province and then captured the 1191:

retaliation or withdrawal of support from the Saudi or Pakistani governments should he turn over bin Laden. In 2000, Omar ordered bin Laden to not attack the United States, after advisors warned him that bin Laden might be planning to do so. Omar suggested to the US that bin Laden be turned over to an international Islamic court, or simply exiled, but the US turned both suggestions down.

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Omar had died. Later reports which were released by Afghan intelligence in December said that Omar had been hiding in Karachi. An anonymous European intelligence official stated that "there's a consensus among all three branches of the Afghan security forces that Omar is alive. Not only do they think he's alive, they say they have a good understanding of where exactly he is in Karachi."

1761: 1159:, and he only visited Kabul twice between 1996 and 2001 during his tenure as ruler of Afghanistan. In November 2001, during a radio interview with the BBC, Omar stated: "All Taliban are moderate. There are two things: extremism and conservatism . So in that sense, we are all moderates – taking the middle path." During his tenure as Afghanistan's ruler, Omar seldom left the city of 408: 1572:(council). The shura sent a messenger every three to seven months, when they wanted his advice on some matter. He sent at least one other cassette tape, in 2007, but stopped that practice after the messenger was briefly detained in Pakistan, and thereafter messages were just relayed person-to-person. Omar kept in touch with events in the world by listening to BBC Pashto radio. 735: 1285: 4221:(MRLS) dropping artillery all around Texas 17 position. The Black SUV headed south off of Highway four towards Pakistan surrounded by 12 sedans and six heavy trucks. All vehicles were destroyed by Texas 17 and Navy F-18 Hornet Fighter aircraft including the Black Chevrolet Suburban, the same vehicle known to be used by Mullah Omar. 6515: 4220:

Texas 17 now located six miles south of Kandahar near the Kandahar airport on 28 November 2001 0900 in the morning local spotted a Black Chevrolet Suburban driving south down Highway 4 covered by artillery fire launched from the Kandahar Airport by a Russian Made BM-21 Multiple Rocket Launcher System

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stated that he was not sure "whether Omar is alive or dead". This statement was made after the Afghan intelligence agency published reports in which it revealed that fracturing was occurring within the Taliban movement, leading some reporters to speculate that a leadership struggle had ensued because

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production in Afghanistan, declared that growing poppies was un-Islamic, resulting in one of the world's most successful anti-drug campaigns. The Taliban enforced a ban on poppy farming via threats, forced eradication, and public punishment of transgressors. The result was a 99% reduction in the area

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I did not want to destroy the Bamiyan Buddha. In fact, some foreigners came to me and said they would like to conduct the repair work of the Bamiyan Buddha that had been slightly damaged due to rains. This shocked me. I thought, these callous people have no regard for thousands of living human beings

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In July 1999, Mohammed Omar issued a decree in favor of the preservation of the Bamiyan Buddha statues. Because Afghanistan's Buddhist population no longer exists, so the statues are no longer worshiped, he added: "The government considers the Bamiyan statues as an example of a potential major source

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Much of Omar's early and personal life remains either secret or is the subject of conflicting reports. In April 2015, during the time when his death was being kept secret, the Taliban published a biography of Omar to mark his "19th year as their supreme leader," when in fact he had already died on 23

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at a private home owned by Abdul Samad Ustaz, Omari's former driver. Omar's wives moved to Pakistan and Omar declined when Omari offered to bring his son to visit. He had very little active involvement in the Taliban from the end of 2001. He sent a cassette tape to the rest of the Taliban leadership

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announced Omar's death. However, Mujahid and Yousuf quickly denied sending the messages and they claimed that their mobile phones, websites, and e-mail accounts had all been hacked, and they swore revenge on the telephone network providers. In 2012, it was revealed that an individual claiming to be

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drone followed a three-vehicle convoy that left Omar's compound and drove to a compound to the southwest of Kandahar, with US commanders believing Omar was in one of the vehicles. Men disembarked from the vehicles and entered a large building in the compound. US military officers considered bombing

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in late September 2001 and issued a decree against the United States and its threats of militarily invading Afghanistan. They also recommended that Osama bin Laden be asked to leave Afghanistan of his own free will to "avoid the current tumult" and expressed sympathy and a conciliatory tone towards

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Between 1996 and 1999, the Taliban controlled 96% of Afghanistan's poppy fields and made opium its largest source of taxation. Taxes on opium exports was the primary source of income for the Taliban during its rule and subsequent insurgency after 2001. In July 2000, Taliban leader Mohammed Omar, in

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Secretary Rumsfeld further reported that U.S. SOF forces in and around Kandahar were not working any longer in liaison with indigenous opposition forces but instead were now operating independently as the cutting edge of an accelerated push against the Taliban and Al Qaeda. In connection with that

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interview, Omar said, "You (the BBC) and American puppet radios have created concern. But the current situation in Afghanistan is related to a bigger cause – that is the destruction of America. ... This is not a matter of weapons. We are hopeful for God's help. The real matter is the extinction of

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Omar was adamant that bin Laden was innocent of planning the 9/11 attacks despite the accusations directed against him. Nonetheless, high-ranking Taliban officials attempted to persuade Omar to hand bin Laden over and made offers to the United States through its contacts with Pakistan. The Taliban

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by warlords was one of the key factors in Omar mobilizing the Taliban. Reportedly, in early 1994, Omar led 30 men armed with 16 rifles to free two young girls who had been kidnapped and raped by a warlord, hanging him from a tank gun barrel. Another instance arose when in 1994, a few months before

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After Najibullah's regime ended, the country fell into chaos as various mujahideen factions fought for control. According to one legend, Omar had a dream in 1994 in which a woman told him: "We need your help; you must rise. You must end the chaos. God will help you." Omar started his movement with

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and Strick van Linschoten, all of his religious education was in Afghan hujras, which are small religious schools annexed to village mosques. He completed his primary and secondary religious education, then began higher religious studies at 18. His studies were interrupted before he completed them

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tribal customs that require a host to protect guests, and that bin Laden was a guest of Afghanistan. Privately, Omar felt that if he bowed to the US by turning over bin Laden, the US would try to further influence Afghanistan and attempt to meddle in its religious matters. He may have also feared

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The Taliban's supreme leader, Mullah Mohammad Omar, is reportedly urging his forces to fight on, even as U.S. warplanes step up efforts to find and perhaps even kill him. A Taliban aide on the border with Pakistan said Omar radioed his commanders Wednesday urging them to stand up to U.S. Marines

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After Najibullah's government collapsed in 1992, Omar and a group of mujahideen turned their base near Haji Ibrahim Mosque in Gheshano village, in the Singesar area, into a madrassa. As well as teaching there, Omar resumed his own studies that had been interrupted by the war. Unlike many Afghan

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was the operational leader of the Taliban. Four religious scholars at the meeting decided that Mansour should continue as leader, but that Omar's death and Mansour's succession should not be disclosed publicly yet, while the United States was preparing to withdraw from Afghanistan. Some at the

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According to a 2001 United Nations report, the Taliban committed systematic massacres against civilians between 1996 and 2001 while trying to consolidate control over northern and western Afghanistan. The report said that such mass killings were ordered or approved by Omar himself and that bin

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in Iraq was released by Omar and in it, he hailed al-Zarqawi as a martyr and he also claimed that the resistance movements in Afghanistan and Iraq "will not be weakened". Then, in December 2006, Omar reportedly issued a statement expressing confidence that foreign forces will be driven out of

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from their families. He died when Omar was three years old, according to Omar's own words, or five years old, according to the Taliban biography. Thereafter Omar was raised by his uncles. One of his father's brothers, Maulawi Muzafer, married Omar's widowed mother, as was often done in rural

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meeting unsuccessfully argued for openness. Omar's death remained a secret for two years. The Taliban were extremely successful at keeping Omar's death hidden during these two years even from highly experienced experts on the upper echelons of the Taliban. Afghanistan and Pakistan analyst

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stated that if evidence was provided, "we would be ready to hand him over to a third country". Part of the reluctance to hand bin Laden over stemmed from Omar's own miscalculations. Omar thought there was "less than a 10 percent" chance that the US would do anything beyond make threats.

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wrote, "Though Mullah Omar did not venture outside for fear of being caught, according to Jabbar Omari, in the four years they hid in that home, they felt relatively safe." The house was searched by the US military once, but they did not enter the concealed room where Omar was hiding.

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via email and courier. In it he promised "more Afghan War", and he also said that the more than one hundred suicide bomb attacks which occurred in Afghanistan in the last year had been carried out by bombers who acted on religious orders which they received from the Taliban – "the

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most wanted list, not much was publicly known about Omar. Omar made no public speeches and always refused to meet foreigners; Before his death, only one known photo existed of him. After his death, the Taliban released a newer and clearer photo showing Omar in his youth in 1978.

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against the new Afghan government and the coalition. Although Omar was the subject of a decade-long international manhunt, he remained in hiding for the rest of his life. He died in 2013, reportedly due to tuberculosis, which was not revealed publicly until 2015. In 2021, the

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for a time, where he worked as a potato trader to escape detection; a city where he had lived in already and visited for many years before the groups emergence in the 1990's. The United States offered a reward of US$ 10 million for information leading to his capture.

1269:– the Afghans who are dying of hunger, but they are so concerned about non-living objects like the Buddha. This was extremely deplorable. That is why I ordered its destruction. Had they come for humanitarian work, I would have never ordered the Buddha's destruction. 1243:

In March 2001, the Bamiyan Buddha statues were destroyed by the Taliban under an edict issued from Omar, stating: "all the statues around Afghanistan must be destroyed." This prompted an international outcry. Information and Culture Minister Qadratullah Jamal told

1344:. Omar replied, "No. We cannot do that. If we did, it means we are not Muslims, that Islam is finished. If we were afraid of attack, we could have surrendered him the last time we were threatened." Omar explained his position to high-ranking Taliban officials: 1595:

Jabbar Omari said that Omar grew ill in 2013, refusing to visit a doctor and dying of illness on 23 April. Omari and two helpers buried him that night, with Omari videoing the burial as proof. Omari went to Quetta, returning with Omar's son Yaqoob and brother

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In November 2001, he was heard over a short-wave radio ordering all Taliban troops to abandon Kabul and take to the mountains, noting, "defending the cities with front lines that can be targeted from the air will cause us terrible loss". In a November 2001

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on 7 January 2011. According to the report, Pakistan's ISI rushed Omar to a hospital near Karachi where he was operated on, treated, and then released several days later. Pakistan's Ambassador to the US, stated that the report "had no basis whatsoever".

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and led a multinational invasion of Afghanistan in October 2001, greatly bolstered by the anti-Taliban Northern Alliance. By December 2001, the Taliban government had been ousted by the American-led coalition; Omar fled Kandahar, went into hiding in

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According to fellow Taliban fighters, Omar had secretly fled his residence in Kandahar for security purposes shortly after it was bombed and was last seen riding on the back of a motorcycle driven by his brother-in-law and right-hand man, Mullah

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said that Omar had agreed to follow guidance offered by the clerics and would try to encourage bin Laden to leave Afghanistan without forcibly handing him over to the United States for prosecution, even if bin Laden refused to leave the country.

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On 5 December 2001, Omar held a meeting in Kandahar of top Taliban leaders and asked them what they wanted to do. Many were ready to stop fighting and willing to surrender. Omar handed over the Taliban leadership to his defence minister, Mullah

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Some believed that Omar hid in the mountains of southern Afghanistan for over a year before he fled to neighboring Pakistan in late 2002. He continued to receive the allegiance of prominent pro-Taliban military leaders in the region, including

1835:, "Mullah Omar neither died nor was buried in Pakistan and his sons' statements are on record to support this. Whether he died now or two years ago is another controversy which we do not wish to be a part of. He was neither in Karachi nor in 1426:

began, Omar's house in Kandahar was bombed just after he had left, fatally injuring his 10-year-old son. His stepfather, who was also his uncle, was initially reported killed, but later reports said he was injured and treated at a hospital.

6590: 1600:, who had not seen him since 2001. Yaqoob insisted that the grave be opened so that he could see his father. Omari went to Quetta and met with ten senior Taliban to describe the 12 years he spent with Omar. Obaidullah had died in 2010 and 1258: 928:, Pakistan, for treatment to his eye wound. According to former Taliban official Abdul Hai Mutmaen (or Mutma'in), this was the only time that Omar ever went to Pakistan, and that he returned after treatment. According to Dutch journalist 643:

ultimately prompting him to return to fighting in the Civil War. In 1994, Omar, along with religious students in Kandahar, formed the Taliban, which emerged victorious against other Afghan factions by 1996. Omar led the Taliban to form a

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in Afghanistan. In the following years, there was speculation about his location – with some believing that he went to Pakistan along with other Taliban leaders – and his circumstances and purported communications. But according to

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of a decision by 400 religious clerics from across Afghanistan declaring the Buddhist statues against the tenets of Islam. "They came out with a consensus that the statues were against Islam," said Jamal. A statement issued by the

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The following day, the Taliban confirmed that he was dead, but denied that he died in Pakistan. Other Taliban members stated that his death occurred in Afghanistan. According to an official statement by Pakistani defence minister

1556:, the Taliban, and Omar's bodyguard Jabbar Omari. She said that her findings, confirmed by Afghan officials as well as the Talibans, depicted the US intelligence failure and cast even further doubt on US claims in the Afghan war. 814:, "Omar's father was a local religious leader, but the family was poor and had absolutely no political links in Kandahar or Kabul. They were essentially lower middle class Afghans and were definitely not members of the elite." 1673:, a retired officer with ISI who had previously trained Omar, said that he was ready to break with his al-Qaida allies and make peace in Afghanistan: "The moment he gets control, the first target will be the al-Qaida people." 1365:

that "our position in this regard is that if the Americans have evidence, they should produce it." If they could prove their allegations, he said, "we are ready for a trial of Osama bin Laden." The Taliban foreign minister

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Accounts of his physical appearance state that Omar was thin, strongly built and very tall, at around 2 m (6 ft 6 in). Omar was described as shy and taciturn, by – for example – the famed Afghan poet

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aka Imam Tarar. He served as an important military general during several skirmishes, losing his right eye in an explosion. The Soviets eventually withdrew from the country in 1989 and Afghanistan's Soviet-backed

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The group's record may have fuelled the theories. The death of founding leader Mullah Mohammad Omar was concealed for two years and, during that time, the Taliban continued to issue statements in his name.

4647: 1186:, the US launched cruise missiles against al-Qaeda training camps and sought bin Laden. This inadvertently created more sympathy for bin Laden in Afghanistan. Omar did not hand bin Laden over, citing 3391: 908:. In the last years of the war, some mujahideen groups split up, and Omar and his friends left Faizullah Akhundzada's group. They formed a new group under Omar's leadership, based at Aday, in the 4093:

the Taliban leader had just left when a bomb struck one of his houses. They said Mullah Omar's natural father had died years before and, following Afghan custom, his mother had married his uncle.

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responded to the report by stating, "He is in Afghanistan safe and sound." On 20 July 2011, phone text messages which were delivered from accounts which were used by Mujahid and fellow spokesman

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says that, even if your enemy asks for shelter, forgive him and give him shelter. Osama has helped the jihad in Afghanistan, he was with us in bad days and I am not going to give him to anyone.

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of opium poppy farming in Taliban-controlled areas, roughly three-quarters of the world's supply of heroin at the time. The ban was effective only briefly due to the deposition of the

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rule. Apparently, Omar became sickened by the abusive raping of children by warlords and turned against their authority in the mountainous country of Afghanistan from 1994 onwards.

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as it was a "neutral organization" or having bin Laden tried by an Islamic council in Afghanistan. Muttawakil said "the US showed no interest in it." The Taliban Prime Minister

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those who died in the 11 September attacks: "The ulema voice their sadness over American deaths and hope America does not attack Afghanistan." The Taliban Education Minister

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appeared to cause two casualties. Dozens of men, some armed, emerged from the large building and other buildings in the compound, and some got into vehicles and departed.

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area, then in the Panjwayi District and now in Zhari District, and became registered with Harakat-i-Inqilab-i-Islami as an affiliated group. Omar was wounded four times.

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In the years following the allied invasion, numerous statements were released that were identified as coming from Omar. In June 2006, a statement regarding the death of

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I don't want to go down in history as someone who betrayed his guest. I am willing to give my life, my regime. Since we have given him refuge I cannot throw him out now.

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district in Zabul province. Several senior Taliban commanders have also been buried in Sarkhogan area. He further stated that the area had special significance for the

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On 29 July 2015, Abdul Hassib Seddiqi, the spokesman for Afghanistan's National Directorate of Security, said "officially" that Mohammed Omar had died at a hospital in

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and come to a specified place where Omar will also appear to see who will run and who not". He stated that Omar was merely changing locations due to security reasons.

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destroyed all the vehicles including the Suburban. The same day, 28 November 2001, the Taliban reported that Omar had supposedly survived an American air strike.

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America. And, God willing, it will fall to the ground." Claiming that the Americans had circulated "propaganda" that Omar had gone into hiding, Foreign Minister

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the building, but were concerned that another building in the compound might be a mosque, which they wished to avoid hitting. Eventually it was decided to fire a

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was alive and well, and that his last contact with Bin Laden was months before the interview. Omar declared that the Taliban were "hunting Americans like pigs".

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The June 15, 1998 letter from Mullah Omar to "all Taliban members young and old", complaining that his orders are not being followed. The letter was found in an

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missile from the Predator at one of the vehicles, where armed guards kept gathering, in the hope that it would draw out anyone inside the possible mosque. The

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The biannual essays issued under Mullah Omar's name emphasize corruption and injustice—problems that echo the grievances that brought the Taliban to power.

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Conversely, the Afghan government was unsympathetic to mourning his death; security forces were ordered to prevent citizens from publicly grieving Omar. A

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a few hundred metres from the house in 2004, Omar relocated to a shack in a remote hamlet on the edge of a river, about 20 miles southeast of Qalat in

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In early 2000, local Taliban authorities asked for UN assistance to rebuild drainage ditches around tops of the alcoves where the Buddhas were set.

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in the city of Kandahar. Legend decreed that whoever could retrieve the cloak from the chest would be the great Leader of the Muslims, or the "

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Ghulam Nabi, his grandfather Mawlawi Muhammad Rasool, and his great-grandfather Mawlawi Baz Muhammad. They were of the Tomzi clan of the

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students who were simply known as the Taliban (Pashtun for 'students'). His recruits came from madrassas located in Afghanistan and the

7546: 6745: 6708: 1413: 633:. While initially remaining quiet and focused on continuing his studies, Omar became increasingly discontent with what he perceived as 6719: 6132: 2753: 1075: 957: 941: 768:. He came from a line of Islamic scholars and teachers. At 2 m (6 ft 6 in) tall, he was the tallest boy in his family. 626: 6888: 6636: 6419: 6396: 5768: 5739: 5716: 5695: 4075: 3941: 3854: 1994: 1923: 1867:, a Taliban splinter group, claimed that Omar did not die of natural causes; rather he was killed in his hideout in Zabul province. 1800: 1195: 663: 649: 7516: 6702: 6019: 5826: 1782: 1775: 1563:, who was from Zabul province and belonged to the Hotak tribe, as Omar did. They spent four years living in the provincial capital 977: 867: 630: 561: 503: 491: 479: 4522: 1044:

in September 1995. Some accounts estimated that by the spring of 1995 he had already taken 12 of the 31 provinces in Afghanistan.

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tribal confederation of the Pashtuns. His father, born in Khakrez District, was a poor, landless itinerant teacher who taught the

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also attempted to negotiate, offering the Americans the proposal of setting up a three-nation court under the supervision of the

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of the Taliban regime justified the destruction as being in accordance with Islamic law. The then Taliban ambassador to Pakistan

4748: 3392:"Mullah Mohammed Omar: Co-founder and leader of the Taliban who fought the Soviets before presiding over a brutal Afghan regime" 1630:

In April 2004, Omar was interviewed via phone by Pakistani journalist Mohammed Shehzad. During the interview, Omar claimed that

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camps which were located across the border in Pakistan. They fought against the rampant corruption which had emerged during the

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In January 2007, it was reported that Omar made his "first exchange with a journalist since he went into hiding" in 2001 with

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of income for Afghanistan from international visitors. The Taliban states that Bamiyan shall not be destroyed but protected."

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and other high ranking al-Qaeda officials and shut down all al-Qaeda training camps within the country. In an interview with

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the Taliban took control of Kandahar, two militia commanders confronted each other over a young boy whom they both wanted to

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Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001

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reported that a former Taliban minister and current leadership council member, who spoke anonymously, said Omar died from

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passing Kandahar Airport and travelling down highway four surrounded by a dozen sedans and six semi-trucks. Four US Navy

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in Afghanistan quoted unnamed sources as saying that Omar had been killed by ISI two days earlier. Taliban spokesman

1658:." In April 2007, Omar issued another statement through an intermediary in which he encouraged more suicide attacks. 1328:

on the United States carried out by al-Qaeda, the United States under the Bush administration issued an ultimatum to

4121: 7551: 3791: 2798: 917: 484: 472: 5284:"Audio statement from the emir of the Caucasus Emirate Abu Usman on the death of Mullah Omar via @VegetaMoustache" 4721: 1771: 7672: 7632: 7090: 6960: 6641: 5182:"New statement from Ḥizb al-Islāmī al-Turkistānī in Bilād al-Shām: "Concerning the Death of Mullā Muḥmmad 'Umar"" 5125:"Jaish Muhammad, a foreign led group in #Syria, sends condolences on the death of "Emir al Mumineen" Mullah Omar" 4231: 4070: 2042: 1494: 677:, which had been given sanctuary in Afghanistan by the Taliban, carried out the September 11 attacks against the 5303:"Written Arabic statement of condolences on death of 'Emir al Mumineen' Mullah Omar from the Caucasus Emirate …" 1063: 7531: 7346: 6103: 6035: 6008: 5976: 4970: 3518: 2754:"نص كلمة زعيم طالبان رداً على أسئلة الجزيرة نت / Naṣṣ kalimat za'īm Ṭālibān raddan 'alá as'alat al-Jazīrah Nit" 901: 808: 157: 118: 4922: 2912: 714:

Omar remains a largely popular figure amongst the Taliban, who view him as a key freedom fighter who defended

5265:"TTP Jamaat ul Ahrar sending condolences on the death of 'Emir al Mumineen' Mullah Omar via @VegetaMoustache" 3262: 7617: 7491: 7461: 7441: 7235: 5532: 3471: 3317: 1895: 1011: 772: 698:, and delegated operational control of the Taliban to his deputies. Under his command, the Taliban launched 1348:

Islam says that when a Muslim asks for shelter, give the shelter and never hand him over to enemy. And our

7647: 7511: 7481: 7423: 7230: 6729: 6724: 6585: 6580: 6522: 6207: 6164: 5514: 4359: 4201: 3312: 1957: 1522: 1483: 1367: 1067:

A still from a 1996 video taken secretly by BBC Newsnight. It purports to show Omar (left) presenting the

827: 765: 7541: 5341:"Joint statement from AQIM, AQAP, and Al Nusrah (AQ in Syria) on death of "Emir al Mumineen" Mullah Omar" 4596: 4499: 1469:. Senior and former Taliban officials have said that there had not been any confirmed sightings of their 863: 614: 467: 7313: 7130: 6881: 6610: 6439: 6389: 6352: 5627: 2724: 1899: 1879: 1685: 1007: 5844: 5163:"TIP in #Syria sending condolences on the death of "Emir al Mumineen" Mullah Omar via @VegetaMoustache" 4044: 2198: 916:

has said he was present when exploding shrapnel destroyed Omar's right eye at Singesar during the 1987

3945: 3545: 1684:, a privately operated intelligence network that may be contracted by the CIA, stated that Omar had a 826:

and he did not properly earn the title "Mullah". Later in life he was given an honorary degree by the

7577: 7572: 6734: 6684: 4577: 4527: 4438: 4333: 4206: 3662: 3606: 2486: 2326: 2005: 1953: 1736: 1701: 1638: 1325: 1315: 1155:. Described as a "reclusive, pious and frugal" leader, Omar rarely left his residence in the city of 1152: 1135:

fell to Omar and his followers. The civil war continued in the northeast corner of the country, near

949: 880:

in Kandahar Province and fought under Faizullah Akhundzada, the commander of a group affiliated with

839: 715: 708: 581: 426: 3286: 3237: 2779: 2034: 1903: 7388: 7115: 7105: 7100: 7060: 6980: 6840: 6820: 6679: 6651: 6605: 6500: 6495: 6463: 6213: 6170: 6149: 6114: 6027: 6004: 5968: 4642: 4022: 3090: 2441:

Arnaud de Borchgrave, "Osama bin Laden – Null and Void", UPI, 14 June 2001, quoted in Wright,

1819: 1466: 1396: 1179: 1089: 1080: 953: 885: 838:, but he never studied there, contrary to some reports. He was also given an honorary doctorate by 800: 192: 153: 114: 48: 5144:"Jabhat Ansar al Din coalition sending condolences on the death of 'Emir al Mumineen' Mullah Omar" 3993: 2308: 1568:

in Quetta in 2003, reaffirming that Obaidullah was the supreme leader and naming who should be on

7466: 7456: 7293: 7070: 7030: 7015: 7005: 6985: 6714: 6631: 6595: 6555: 6468: 5820: 5360:"Shabaab sending condolences on the death of 'Emir al Mumineen' Mullah Omar via @VegetaMoustache" 4861: 3965: 2491: 2158: 1891: 1705:

Omar sent a letter to President Barack Obama in 2011, expressing slight interest in peace talks.

1697: 1619: 1564: 1514: 1417: 1225: 1215: 699: 667: 5322:"Jaish al Islam in Palestine sending condolences on the death of 'Emir al Mumineen' Mullah Omar" 5022:"Why the Taliban murdered their own leader and the terrifying fallout now threatening the West" 4465: 1497:

in late November 2001, US Special Operations teams known as Texas 12 and Texas 17 aligned with

7506: 7496: 7398: 7341: 7110: 7040: 6990: 6965: 6800: 6510: 6473: 6175: 5797: 5787: 5764: 5745: 5735: 5712: 5691: 5668: 4797: 4442: 4339: 3903: 3850: 3805: 3795: 3779: 3485: 3475: 3210: 3204: 3183: 3127: 2917: 2892: 2865: 2618: 1982: 1720: 1670: 1597: 1540: 1487: 1478: 1388: 1358: 1254: 1114: 1110: 1068: 913: 893: 873: 761: 610: 565: 548: 349: 269: 197: 6045: 5359: 5340: 5321: 5302: 5283: 5264: 5245: 5226: 5162: 5143: 5124: 5067: 5048: 2886: 1870:

Many Islamist and jihadist movements expressed condolences following Omar's death, including

7471: 7446: 7408: 7283: 7205: 7150: 7145: 7020: 6955: 6934: 6874: 6774: 6664: 6458: 6382: 4805: 3744: 2280: 2035:"The Taliban Biography – Documents on the Structure and Leadership of the Taliban 1996-2002" 1911: 1847: 1585: 1502: 1436: 1337: 1245: 1178:

Omar had a complicated relationship with Osama bin Laden. According to Pakistani journalist

1028:, attended by many of the Kandahar Taliban, throughout the southern regions of Afghanistan. 877: 804: 757: 131: 5068:"Ansar al Furqan's statement of condolences on the death of "Emir al Mumineen" Mullah Omar" 7486: 7476: 7273: 7178: 7173: 7165: 7095: 7010: 6950: 6929: 6795: 6560: 6527: 6154: 5897: 5890: 4889: 3588: 3396: 1907: 1875: 1871: 1631: 1382:

The Supreme Council of the Islamic Clergy, a council of around 1,000 clerics, convened in

1341: 1333: 1164: 988: 686: 530: 5664:

The Taliban's Virtual Emirate: The Culture and Psychology of an Online Militant Community

5706: 1486:

stated that he would like to "propose that Prime Minister Blair and President Bush take

726:. Others have criticized him for his repressive government and his religious dogmatism. 7501: 7298: 7258: 7220: 7193: 7055: 6975: 6845: 6537: 6434: 5958: 5780: 5730:

Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics and the Rise of the Taliban

5728: 5632: 4147: 1989:

service." He had "at least" three wives and "at least" five or six children, including

1961: 1919: 1915: 1887: 1858: 1843: 1606: 1601: 1544: 1041: 965: 889: 695: 682: 217: 202: 3658: 2762: 734: 7566: 7303: 7288: 7140: 7065: 6995: 6924: 6810: 6478: 6159: 5246:"Jaish al Ummah sending condolences on the death of Mullah Omar via @VegetaMoustache" 3934:"Wanted Information leading to the location of Mullah Omar Up to $ 10 Million Reward" 2756:[Text of Taliban chief's words in response to questions from Aljazeera.net]. 2377: 2180: 1990: 1883: 1713: 1681: 1431: 1118: 897: 739: 723: 719: 690: 678: 645: 553: 338: 5879: 5856: 5494: 4412: 4178: 3726: 3436: 3335: 2679: 2096: 1198:

of Afghanistan". The Supreme Council was initially established at Kandahar in 1994.

83: 17: 7413: 7393: 7210: 7125: 7085: 7075: 7050: 7045: 7000: 6914: 6505: 6321: 6316: 6285: 6218: 5849: 4555: 3759: 2930: 2857: 2701: 2285: 2226: 1832: 1824: 1569: 1498: 1148: 945: 811: 621: 606: 589: 303: 4384: 3694: 5758: 5684: 4829: 4695: 4319:"Taliban leader Mullah Omar hid in mud house in Afghanistan, militant group says" 3748: 846:

leaders studied. Some sources have claimed that he studied there, but its leader

7403: 7308: 7268: 7183: 7135: 6835: 6669: 6659: 6490: 6485: 6339: 5049:"Ajnad al Kavkaz sending condolences to the Taliban on the death of Mullah Omar" 4774: 4622: 4582: 2947: 2828: 1864: 1760: 1589: 1506: 1375: 1349: 1257:

held that the destruction of the Buddhas was finally ordered by Abdul Wali, the

1220: 1203: 1187: 876:

in Deh Rawood to fight the Soviets. In 1983 he moved with mujahideen friends to

847: 822: 380: 3581: 2522: 2124: 795:

The family moved to the village of Dehwanawark, several miles from the town of

7278: 7263: 7225: 7035: 6919: 6855: 4389: 3489: 1986: 1651: 1510: 1292:

in 2001, opium production was almost entirely eradicated (99%) by the Taliban.

1136: 1032: 888:

was another from Deh Rawood who was in the group. Omar fought in the Maiwand,

796: 5801: 3907: 7155: 7080: 6970: 6850: 5749: 5423:"Taliban Reveal Burial Place of Founder Mullah Omar, Nine Years After Death" 3787: 3026:

Abdul Salam Zaeef (2010). Strick van Linschoten, Alex; Kuehn, Felix (eds.).

1740: 1693: 1573: 1549: 1362: 929: 689:

to the United States. When the Taliban refused, the United States began the

618: 3465: 1264:

Omar explained why he ordered the statues to be destroyed in an interview:

5566: 4885:"Questions in Kabul as two top Taliban leaders 'missing from public view'" 6897: 6866: 6830: 6815: 6674: 6545: 5860: 5831: 5574: 4126: 3740: 3504:"Why the New Taliban Leader Could be a Disaster for Peace in Afghanistan" 3149:"Why the New Taliban Leader Could Be a Disaster for Peace in Afghanistan" 2527: 1319: 1172: 1160: 1156: 1144: 1019: 1003: 909: 835: 674: 596: 577: 360: 5227:"Jamaat Ansar al Sunnah sending condolences on the death of Mullah Omar" 1669:(ISI), had moved back to Karachi in October. In January 2010, Brigadier 1543:, in writing. Two days later Omar left Kandahar and went into hiding in 964:

mujaheddin, Omar spoke Arabic. He was devoted to the lectures of Sheikh

7366: 6615: 6405: 4614: 4551:"Afghan Taliban leader ready to end al-Qaida ties, says former trainer" 1945: 1814: 1712:

in Cuba in return for the release of American prisoner of war Sergeant

1623: 1024: 1015: 996: 984: 843: 831: 818: 749: 704: 601: 557: 441: 5087:"Jihadists in Syria honor Mullah Omar, praise Taliban's radical state" 2799:"Mullah Omar is still the leader of the Taliban, new biography claims" 1288:

Afghanistan opium poppy cultivation, 1994–2007 (hectares). Before the

1002:

Two influential anti-Soviet political leaders who were connected with

7188: 6825: 4360:"Mullah Omar worked as potato vendor to escape detection in Pakistan" 4256:"Fugitive Taliban leader lived short walk from US base, book reveals" 1836: 1518: 1298: 1168: 1037: 925: 780: 658: 523: 390: 57: 5449:"'Visionary' mullah who protects terror leader is mentally unstable" 4914: 4295:"Taliban release pictures of Mullah Omar's 'hideout in Afghanistan'" 3987: 3985: 3983: 2309:"How the Death of Mullah Omar Could Disrupt Progress in Afghanistan" 1708:

On 31 May 2014, five senior Afghan detainees were released from the

1071:

to his troops in Kandahar, before their successful assault on Kabul.

5467: 5200: 3070:(New York: Vintage Books/Random House, 2009; orig. ed. 2008), p.30. 1735:(ISIS) are forbidden by Islamic law. The man described ISIS leader 7240: 6600: 3809: 1851: 1744: 1728: 1655: 1383: 1283: 1132: 1074: 1062: 872:

After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, Omar joined the

784: 776: 733: 634: 370: 289: 3784:

Drugs Politics: Managing Disorder in the Islamic Republic of Iran

2016:

Towards the end of his life, Omar used to write biannual essays.

1505:, respectively, surrounded Kandahar backed by US Marines outside 1259:

Minister for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice

4945:"Mullah Omar did not die in Pakistan, defence minister tells NA" 4521:

Lake, Eli; Carter, Sara A.; Slavin, Barbara (20 November 2009).

2935:

Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia.

2001: 1716:– a person claiming to be Omar reportedly hailed their release. 995:

period and were initially welcomed by Afghans who were weary of

905: 788: 6870: 6378: 6049: 1559:

Omar was protected in hiding by Jabbar Omari, a former Taliban

1018:, particularly in the southern parts of the country, including 807:, where the uncle was a religious teacher. According to former 707:

deposed the Afghan government and regained power following the

4798:"Afghanistan says Taliban leader Mullah Omar died 2 years ago" 3994:"Without Evidence, the Taliban Refuses to Turn Over bin Laden" 2862:

Taliban: The Power of Militant Islam in Afghanistan and Beyond

2803: 2660:

Ismail Khan, "Mojaddedi Opposes Elevation of Taliban's Omar",

2231: 2154:"Man in the News; Seizing the Prophet's Mantle: Muhammad Omar" 2129: 2101: 1754: 1163:, where he lived in a large house reportedly built for him by 4670:"Amid peace bid, U.S. received purported letter from Taliban" 3634:"Over World Protests, Taliban Are Destroying Ancient Buddhas" 2070:"The Rise Of Mullah Yaqoob, The Taliban's New Military Chief" 1395:

However, according to an interview with Pakistani journalist

1206:, made up of Arab fighters, was involved in these massacres. 5601:"Afghanistan: Has Taliban Leader Mullah Omar Lost His Mind?" 1727:

In April 2015, a man who claimed to be Mullah Omar issued a

1509:. On 28 November 2001, while under attack by a Russian-made 5106:"Syrian Islamist group Ahrar al-Sham mourns Taliban leader" 4696:"Bowe Bergdahl: Chuck Hagel praises release special forces" 2656: 2654: 2437: 2435: 1422:

On the night of 7–8 October 2001, shortly after the US-led

936:

Soviet withdrawal and fight against the Democratic Republic

666:; and the destruction of cultural monuments, including the 6374: 5708:

Looking for the Enemy: Mullah Omar and the Unknown Taliban

5468:"Rare new picture surfaces of Taliban founder Mullah Omar" 4637:"Taliban leader Mullah Omar 'sent letter to Barack Obama'" 2975:

Williams, Paul L., "Al Qaeda: Brotherhood of Terror", 2002

2482:"Rare new picture of Taliban founder Mullah Omar surfaces" 568:

and took control of most of the country, establishing the

4996:"New Taliban leader facing tension as top official quits" 4915:"Mullah Omar did not die in Pakistan, say Afghan Taliban" 3894:

Padshah, Safiullah; Gibbons-Neff, Thomas (3 April 2022).

2421: 2419: 2125:"Mullah Omar: Taliban choose deputy Mansour as successor" 1857:

Sources close to the Taliban leadership said his deputy,

5104:

Westall, Sylvia (1 August 2015). Lidstone, Digby (ed.).

4830:"Mullah Omar: Taliban leader 'died in Pakistan in 2013'" 4619:

Taliban say Mullah Omar death report false, phone hacked

4597:"Afghan Taliban say leader Mullah Omar 'safe and sound'" 4317:

Mushtaq Yusufzai and F. Brinley Bruton (12 March 2019).

2555:

Muhammad Zubair Khan and Andrew Marszal (29 July 2015).

2406:"Afghan intel agency: Taliban leader died two years ago" 920:. Other sources place this event in 1986 or in the 1989 4857:"Death of Mullah Omar Exposes Divisions Within Taliban" 3992:

John Burns & Christopher Wren (21 September 2001).

3896:"Taliban Outlaw Opium Poppy Cultivation in Afghanistan" 3418: 3416: 3414: 3123:

The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought

2349:"Death of Mullah Omar Exposes Divisions Within Taliban" 1473:(commander of the faithful) in Afghanistan since then. 1087:

On 4 April 1996, supporters of Omar bestowed the title

4722:"Taliban Supreme leader Mullah Omar has possibly died" 3966:"The man who wouldn't hand over bin Laden to the U.S." 2747: 2745: 1972:

Despite his political rank and his high status on the

1232:) in March 2001, receiving international condemnation. 842:

in northwestern Pakistan, where numerous other senior

685:

demanded that the Taliban extradite al-Qaeda's leader

952:

and fought under the command of Nek Mohammed against

748:

Muhammed Omar was born in 1960 into a poor and large

605:

in Afghanistan. After Afghanistan was invaded by the

546:; 1960 – 23 April 2013) was an Afghan 55: 4016: 4014: 3366:"Where Will the New Taliban Leader Lead His People?" 3040:

interview with Farraj Ismail, by Lawrence Wright in

2004:, despite receiving a personal invitation from King 541: 46: 30:"Muhammad Umar" redirects here. For other uses, see 7432: 7379: 7359: 7335: 7322: 7249: 7164: 6943: 6905: 6788: 6767: 6693: 6650: 6624: 6571: 6412: 6330: 6294: 6263: 6228: 6185: 6123: 6088: 5782:

Le faucon afghan: un voyage au royaume des talibans

5567:"Taliban Announces Head of State, Acting Ministers" 4492:"Taliban's elusive leader urges more suicide raids" 4045:"Bush rejects Taliban offer to hand Bin Laden over" 2838:. Afghanistan Analysts Network. pp. 10, 31, 34 1719:In December 2014, acting Afghan intelligence chief 1117:, locked in a series of chests and held inside the 460: 450: 401: 396: 386: 376: 366: 356: 345: 333: 325: 317: 309: 299: 276: 263: 258: 242: 234: 211: 185: 164: 147: 137: 125: 97: 41: 5779: 5727: 5683: 4971:"Search underway for Mullah Omar's grave in Zabul" 4749:"Around an Invisible Leader, Taliban Power Shifts" 4635: 4293: 3083: 2937:2nd ed. (New Haven: Yale University Press). p. 91. 2556: 4855:Goldstein, Joseph; Shah, Taimoor (30 July 2015). 3720: 3718: 3716: 3120:Zaman, Muhammad Qasim; Stewart, Devin J. (2019). 3115: 3113: 3085:"Mullah Mohammad Omar, Taliban leader – obituary" 3078: 3076: 2347:Goldstein, Joseph; Shah, Taimoor (30 July 2015). 1014:; both exerted a considerable influence over the 5926:Taliban Mullah Omar and the Council of Ministers 3467:The American war in Afghanistan : a history 2773: 2771: 1842:Afghan officials report that Omar was buried in 1731:which decreed that pledges of allegiance to the 5515:"Afghanistan: Taliban Preps for Bloody Assault" 4824: 4822: 4109:. 22 October 2001 – via ProQuest Central. 4023:"Taliban 'offered bin Laden trial before 9/11'" 3959: 3957: 3955: 3847:Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present 2517: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2327:"Taliban Leadership Visits Mullah Omar's Grave" 1513:, Texas 17 observed Omar's black American-made 1430:In another account of an attack that night, an 1401: 1346: 1266: 4292:Ben Farmer and Saleem Mehsud (11 March 2019). 3773: 3771: 3769: 2558:"Taliban supreme leader Mullah Omar 'is dead'" 2523:"Afghan Taliban publish Mullah Omar biography" 2227:"Afghan Taliban publish Mullah Omar biography" 1622:. According to sources, he lived somewhere in 850:said that he did not know of Omar until 1994. 6882: 6390: 6061: 5405:"Kabul Unsympathetic to Mourning Mullah Omar" 5379:"Kabul Unsympathetic To Mourning Mullah Omar" 4464:Ismail Khan; Carlotta Gall (5 January 2007). 3928: 3926: 3924: 3359: 3357: 3330: 3328: 3287:"Seizing the Prophet's Mantle: Muhammad Omar" 2823: 2821: 2457:"The Taliban Confront the Realities of Power" 1680:, citing a report which was published by the 664:banning women from school and most employment 313:Shinkay District, Zabul Province, Afghanistan 111:27 September 1996 – 13 November 2001 8: 5949:Leader of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 4775:"Taliban leader: allegiance to ISIS 'haram'" 4523:"EXCLUSIVE: Taliban chief hides in Pakistan" 3725:Farrell, Graham; Thorne, John (March 2005). 3171: 3169: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2371: 2369: 884:(Islamic and National Revolution Movement). 7613:Mujahideen members of the Soviet–Afghan War 5734:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. 4883:Graham-Harrison, Emma (14 September 2021). 4338:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 242–243. 4275:"The Last Days of Taliban Head Mullah Omar" 4165:Taliban challenges Bush and Blair to a duel 3832:Opium: uncovering the politics of the poppy 3176:Gunaratna, Rohan; Woodall, Douglas (2015). 2950:; Strick van Linschoten, Alex (June 2017). 2831:; Strick van Linschoten, Alex (June 2017). 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2342: 2340: 1139:. In October 1997 the nation was named the 1094: 584:, the Taliban government was toppled by an 7588:21st-century heads of state of Afghanistan 7583:20th-century heads of state of Afghanistan 7332: 6889: 6875: 6867: 6397: 6383: 6375: 6068: 6054: 6046: 5932: 5495:"The reclusive ruler who runs the Taliban" 4071:"Refugees say Taliban leader's son killed" 3834:. Harvard University Press. pp. 52ff. 3437:"The reclusive ruler who runs the Taliban" 3385: 3383: 3261:(Documentary). Afghanistan. Archived from 3209:. Stanford University Press. p. 145. 2957:. Afghanistan Analysts Network. p. 18 2864:(Rev. ed.). I.B. Tauris. p. 24. 2780:"Seeking Mullah Omar in a land of secrets" 2680:"The reclusive ruler who runs the Taliban" 2602: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 1665:claimed that Omar, assisted by Pakistan's 1054:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001) 1048:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001) 82: 38: 5857:"Interview with Mullah Omar – transcript" 5760:Taliban: The Story of the Afghan Warlords 4466:"Taliban Leader Promises More Afghan War" 4379: 4377: 3336:"Interview with Mullah Omar – transcript" 2697: 2695: 1801:Learn how and when to remove this message 1450:the first missile launched by a drone in 230:4 April 1996 – 27 September 1996 181:13 November 2001 – 23 April 2013 5093:. Foundation for Defense of Democracies. 4177:Lambeth, Benjamin S. (4 February 2019). 3659:"Destruction of Giant Buddhas Confirmed" 3582:Why the Buddhas of Bamian were destroyed 3422: 3206:Culture, Conflict, and Counterinsurgency 2885:Gunaratna, Rohan; Iqbal, Khuram (2012). 2400: 2398: 1219: 4747:Rosenberg, Matthew (28 December 2014). 4580:, "Pakistan 'treated Taliban leader'", 4200:Scarborough, Rowan (23 November 2001). 3368:. Russian International Affairs Council 2913:Pakistan religious schools get scrutiny 2718: 2716: 2714: 2615:Taliban: A Critical History from Within 2550: 2548: 2546: 2025: 1948:regained control of Afghanistan as the 4254:Emma Graham-Harrison (10 March 2019). 4249: 4247: 4245: 4120:Whittle, Richard (16 September 2014). 3179:Afghanistan after the Western Drawdown 2455:Anderson, Jon Lee (28 February 2022). 1781:Please improve this section by adding 1372:Organisation of the Islamic Conference 817:Omar studied at a religious school or 7593:21st-century deaths from tuberculosis 6632:Destruction of the Buddhas of Bamiyan 5581:from the original on 7 September 2021 4306:from the original on 12 January 2022. 3459: 3457: 3364:Malashenko, Alexey (11 August 2015). 1424:United States invasion of Afghanistan 1340:, Omar was asked if he would give up 900:districts and was an expert in using 27:Afghan cleric who founded the Taliban 7: 6752:Republican insurgency in Afghanistan 5786:(in French). Paris: Robert Laffont. 4650:from the original on 12 January 2022 3732:International Journal of Drug Policy 3098:from the original on 12 January 2022 2569:from the original on 12 January 2022 2181:"Mohammad Omar: emir of Afghanistan" 1733:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant 1224:Omar ordered the destruction of the 1210:Demolition of the Buddhas of Bamiyan 629:was toppled in 1992, triggering the 7668:Religious workers with disabilities 5493:Robert Marquand (10 October 2001). 3881: 3869: 3519:"Taliban massacres outlined for UN" 3435:Robert Marquand (10 October 2001). 3376:– via Carnegie Moscow Center. 3311:Healy, Patrick (19 December 2001). 2678:Robert Marquand (10 October 2001). 2255:"Mohammad Omar Emir of Afghanistan" 2097:"'Taleban leader held' in Pakistan" 1529:After the U.S. invasion (2001–2013) 1184:1998 United States embassy bombings 948:, Omar joined the mujahideen group 779:tribe, which is part of the larger 534: 5085:Joscelyn, Thomas (4 August 2015). 4925:from the original on 1 August 2015 4385:"The Rediff Interview/Mullah Omar" 4332:Maley, William (3 November 2020). 4083:from the original on 4 August 2012 3695:"The Rediff Interview/Mullah Omar" 3313:"Kandahar residents feel betrayed" 2765:(in Pashto with Arabic voiceover). 2664:, 6 April 1996, quoted in Wright, 2646:Afghanistan: A History of Conflict 2617:. Berlin: First Draft Publishing. 170:Burhanuddin Rabbani (as President) 25: 5880:US says Mullah Omar 'in Pakistan' 5874:Investigating Terror: Accomplices 5829:collected news and commentary at 5818:collected news and commentary at 5550:"Mullah Mohammed Omar Fast Facts" 5180:Zelin, Aaron Y. (3 August 2015). 4796:O'Donnell, Lynne (30 July 2015). 4413:"Taliban play down Zarqawi death" 4273:Donati, Jessica (10 March 2019). 4079:. South Africa. 11 October 2001. 3693:Mohammad Shehzad (3 March 2001). 3517:Gargan, Edward A (October 2001). 3147:Capon, Felicity (2 August 2015). 2752:Mohammed Omar (11 January 2001). 2000:Omar refused to and never made a 1654:do not take any action without a 942:Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan 670:, which Omar personally ordered. 572:for which Omar began to serve as 556:, and the cleric who founded the 6758:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 6332: 6296: 6265: 6230: 6187: 6125: 6090: 5845:"Mullah Omar – in his own words" 4439:"Mullah Omar issues Eid message" 3780:"Crisis as an Idiom for Reforms" 3002:"The Secret Life of Mullah Omar" 2952:"Ideology in the Afghan Taleban" 2833:"Ideology in the Afghan Taleban" 1939:National Directorate of Security 1759: 1554:National Directorate of Security 1310:September 11 attacks by al-Qaeda 1171:militant who was the founder of 1113:which was alleged to be that of 716:Afghanistan's Islamic principles 595:Born into a religious family in 586:American invasion of Afghanistan 434: 420: 406: 7663:Afghan people with disabilities 7638:Tuberculosis deaths in Pakistan 5661:Aggarwal, Neil Krishan (2016). 5626:Coll, Steve (15 January 2012). 5199:المرصد السوري (2 August 2015). 4498:. 21 April 2007. Archived from 4152:Afghanistan: A Military History 3964:Peter Bergen (21 August 2015). 3849:. Reaktion Books. p. 188. 3607:"How the Buddha got his wounds" 3538:"How the Buddha got his wounds" 3238:"Bacha Bazi: An Afghan Tragedy" 2888:Pakistan: Terrorism Ground Zero 2723:Coll, Steve (23 January 2012). 2199:"The Taliban and Their Leaders" 2152:Weiner, Tim (7 December 2001). 2075:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 2068:Bezhan, Frud (27 August 2020). 1995:Defence Minister of Afghanistan 1280:Opium production in Afghanistan 821:run by his uncle. According to 7653:Leaders who took power by coup 7643:Supreme leaders of Afghanistan 7603:Afghan expatriates in Pakistan 7547:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 5301:Weiss, Caleb (4 August 2015). 5282:Weiss, Caleb (4 August 2015). 5263:Weiss, Caleb (4 August 2015). 5244:Weiss, Caleb (4 August 2015). 5225:Weiss, Caleb (3 August 2015). 5161:Weiss, Caleb (2 August 2015). 5142:Weiss, Caleb (1 August 2015). 5123:Weiss, Caleb (1 August 2015). 4202:"Special forces get free rein" 3830:Chouvy, Pierre-Arnaud (2010). 3632:Bearak, Barry (4 March 2001). 3536:Harding, Luke (3 March 2001). 3390:Waraich, Omar (30 July 2015). 3285:Tim Weiner (7 December 2001). 3126:. Princeton University Press. 2891:. Reaktion Books. p. 41. 2778:Gall, Carlotta (22 May 2002). 2648:, 1981. Second Revision, 2001. 1751:2015 announcement of his death 1511:BM-21 multiple rocket launcher 1414:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 1141:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 654:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 509:War in Afghanistan (2001-2021) 321:2 m (6 ft 6 in) 56: 47: 32:Muhammad Umar (disambiguation) 1: 7628:Politicians with disabilities 7623:People from Kandahar Province 6533:Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai 6077:Heads of state of Afghanistan 5921:The Taliban and Their Leaders 5898:Profile: Mullah Mohammed Omar 5667:. Columbia University Press. 5500:The Christian Science Monitor 5358:Weiss, Caleb (31 July 2015). 5339:Weiss, Caleb (31 July 2015). 5320:Weiss, Caleb (31 July 2015). 5066:Weiss, Caleb (31 July 2015). 5047:Weiss, Caleb (31 July 2015). 4549:Declan Walsh (31 July 2015). 3605:Luke Harding (3 March 2001). 3441:The Christian Science Monitor 2797:Watson, Ivan (6 April 2015). 2685:The Christian Science Monitor 2376:Nikhil Kumar (29 July 2015). 1783:secondary or tertiary sources 1710:Guantanamo Bay detention camp 1582:Forward Operating Base Lagman 1361:said at a news conference in 1251:Ministry of Religious Affairs 924:. Omar went to a hospital in 858:Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989) 787:to village boys and received 631:Afghan Civil War of 1992–1996 599:, Omar was educated at local 99:Supreme Leader of Afghanistan 6020:Afghan Civil War (1996–2001) 5993:Head of state of Afghanistan 5531:Mujib Mashal (6 June 2012), 5409:Radiofreeeurope/Radioliberty 5383:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty 4726:The Khaama Press News Agency 3749:10.1016/j.drugpo.2004.07.007 3593:Afghanistan Analysts Network 3251:National Geographic (2007). 3203:Zellen, Barry Scott (2014). 3182:. Rowman & Littlefield. 3094:. 31 July 2015. p. 35. 3030:. London: Hurst. p. 52. 2911:Mark Magnier (30 May 2009). 2048:George Washington University 1561:governor of Baghlan province 1408:U.S. invasion of Afghanistan 978:Afghan Civil War (1992–1996) 868:Afghan Civil War (1989–1992) 681:in 2001, American president 7419:Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 5882:, BBC News, 9 February 2008 4646:. London. 3 February 2012. 4232:"Taliban urged to fight on" 4122:"How We Missed Mullah Omar" 4105:"Omar's son dies in raid". 3938:Rewards for Justice Program 2613:Abdul Hai Mutma'in (2019). 2378:"Mullah Omar Taliban Death" 2204:Defense Intelligence Agency 1854:tribe which Omar was from. 1667:Inter-Services Intelligence 1194:Omar was also "Head of the 542: 497:Battle of Kabul (1992–1996) 7694: 7608:FBI Most Wanted Terrorists 7552:War in North-West Pakistan 7512:Afghan War of Independence 6273:Transitional Islamic State 5726:Goodson, Larry P. (2001). 5556:. Retrieved 24 April 2020. 5548:CNN Library (1 May 2017), 5539:. Retrieved 20 April 2020. 4179:"Air Power Against Terror" 3792:Cambridge University Press 3464:Malkasian, Carter (2021). 2425:Abdul Salam Zaeef (2010). 1411: 1313: 1290:US invasion of Afghanistan 1277: 1213: 1109:) on him, after he donned 1051: 975: 972:Forming the Taliban (1994) 882:Harakat-i-Inqilab-i-Islami 861: 656:, which strictly enforced 287:23 April 2013 (aged 52–53) 29: 7091:Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai 6961:Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai 6801:Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan 6780:2021–2022 Afghan protests 6361: 6024: 5983: 5965: 5955: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5628:"Looking for Mullah Omar" 5533:"The myth of Mullah Omar" 4234:. CNN. 28 November 2001. 3192:– via Google Books. 3136:– via Google Books. 2725:"Looking For Mullah Omar" 2043:National Security Archive 1580:After the US established 1104:Commander of the Faithful 902:rocket-propelled grenades 752:family in the village of 564:, the Taliban fought the 517: 254: 223: 174: 104: 93: 81: 72: 7347:Pashtun Tahafuz Movement 4586:, 20 January 2011, p. 1. 3778:Ghiabi, Maziyar (2019). 3544:. London. Archived from 3028:My Life With the Taliban 2760:(Interview) (in Arabic). 2427:My Life with the Taliban 300:Cause of death 73: 7492:Second Anglo-Afghan War 7462:Third Battle of Panipat 7442:First Battle of Panipat 7352:People's Peace Movement 7236:Yusuf Khan and Sherbano 6625:Human rights/violations 5900:, BBC News, 6 July 2010 5778:Weber, Olivier (2001). 5711:. HarperCollins India. 5466:AFP (12 October 2015). 3472:Oxford University Press 3318:San Francisco Chronicle 1896:Turkistan Islamic Party 1357:ambassador to Pakistan 1297:an effort to eradicate 1012:Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi 960:between 1989 and 1992. 738:Omar as an 18-year-old 691:Global War on Terrorism 646:Sunni Islamic theocracy 609:in 1979, he joined the 576:in 1996. Shortly after 492:Second Afghan Civil War 7658:Afghan revolutionaries 7424:Anti-Pashtun sentiment 7231:Adam Khan and Durkhani 6586:Cabinet (2021–present) 6523:Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil 6208:Sibghatullah Mojaddedi 6165:Haji Mohammad Chamkani 5986:— DISPUTED — 5905:Declassified documents 5757:Rashid, Ahmad (2001). 5403:Najibullah, Farangis. 5377:Najibullah, Farangis. 4777:. Rudaw. 13 April 2015 3942:US Department of State 3845:Lee, Jonathan (2019). 2281:"Mullah Omar obituary" 1950:Second Islamic Emirate 1770:relies excessively on 1484:Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil 1405: 1368:Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil 1354: 1293: 1271: 1233: 1084: 1072: 944:in 1989. According to 828:Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia 766:Kingdom of Afghanistan 745: 722:and later against the 617:and he was trained by 562:Third Afghan Civil War 504:Third Afghan Civil War 480:First Afghan Civil War 337:At least 5 (including 6440:Hibatullah Akhundzada 6353:Hibatullah Akhundzada 5913:releases through the 5763:. London: Pan Books. 4021:Mujib Mashal (2011). 3275:Goodson (2001) p. 107 1993:, the current acting 1944:After his death, the 1900:Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna 1412:Further information: 1287: 1223: 1078: 1066: 1008:Mohammad Yunus Khalis 1006:during this era were 737: 570:First Islamic Emirate 451:Years of service 7678:Anti-intellectualism 7598:Afghan Sunni Muslims 7199:northern Afghanistan 7011:Najib Khan Yousafzai 6806:Guantanamo detainees 6015:Reason for dispute: 5886:Mullah Mohammed Omar 5827:Mullah Mohammed Omar 5682:Coll, Steve (2004). 5577:. 7 September 2021. 5091:The Long War Journal 4578:Agence France-Presse 4528:The Washington Times 4335:The Afghanistan Wars 4207:The Washington Times 4163:Independent Online, 3794:. pp. 101–102. 3663:Agence France-Presse 2487:Agence France-Presse 2006:Fahd of Saudi Arabia 1737:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 1702:Qari Mohammed Yousuf 1663:The Washington Times 1639:Abu Musab al-Zarqawi 1613:Suspected activities 1570:the leadership shura 1326:September 11 attacks 1316:September 11 attacks 1153:United Arab Emirates 950:Hezb-i Islami Khalis 840:Darul Uloom Haqqania 718:— first against the 582:September 11 attacks 427:Hezb-i Islami Khalis 18:Mullah Mohammed Omar 7522:Waziristan campaign 7389:Pashtun nationalism 7116:Mohammad Najibullah 6680:Badri 313 Battalion 6501:Abdul Hakim Haqqani 6496:Shahabuddin Delawar 6464:Abdul Ghani Baradar 6214:Burhanuddin Rabbani 6171:Mohammad Najibullah 6150:Nur Muhammad Taraki 6133:Democratic Republic 6115:Mohammad Daoud Khan 6028:Burhanuddin Rabbani 6005:Burhanuddin Rabbani 5969:Burhanuddin Rabbani 5853:, 26 September 2001 5705:Dam, Bette (2021). 4949:The Express Tribune 4643:The Daily Telegraph 4279:Wall Street Journal 3587:7 July 2011 at the 3548:on 28 February 2006 3259:National Geographic 3091:The Daily Telegraph 3000:Dam, Bette (2019). 2644:Griffiths, John C. 2002:pilgrimage to Mecca 1974:Rewards for Justice 1820:The Express Tribune 1678:The Washington Post 1495:Battle for Kandahar 1467:Abdul Ghani Baradar 1397:Rahimullah Yusufzai 1180:Rahimullah Yusufzai 1131:In September 1996, 1119:Shrine of the Cloak 1081:al-Qaeda safe house 983:less than 50 armed 954:Mohammad Najibullah 922:Battle of Jalalabad 918:Battle of Arghandab 886:Abdul Ghani Baradar 801:Deh Rawood District 627:Democratic Republic 485:Battle of Jalalabad 473:Battle of Arghandab 193:Abdul Ghani Baradar 154:Burhanuddin Rabbani 115:Burhanuddin Rabbani 7467:Battle of Nowshera 7457:Battle of Gulnabad 7360:Religious-military 7294:Ahmad Shah Durrani 7031:Malalai of Maiwand 7016:Dost Mohammad Khan 7006:Ahmad Shah Durrani 6986:Aimal Khan Mohmand 6981:Kalu Khan Yusufzai 6709:War in Afghanistan 6637:Treatment of women 6556:Abdul Qayyum Zakir 6469:Sirajuddin Haqqani 6420:Leadership Council 5936:Political offices 5894:, 6 September 2009 5863:, 15 November 2001 5821:The New York Times 4862:The New York Times 4753:The New York Times 4728:. 19 November 2014 4502:on 22 January 2010 4470:The New York Times 4445:. 31 December 2006 4076:Independent Online 3998:The New York Times 3948:on 5 October 2006. 3900:The New York Times 3638:The New York Times 3342:. 15 November 2001 3291:The New York Times 3265:on 7 October 2012. 3254:Inside The Taliban 2784:The New York Times 2662:Islamabad the News 2492:The Economic Times 2353:The New York Times 2259:Afghan Biographies 2185:www.britannica.com 2159:The New York Times 2008:to do so in 1998. 1892:Ansar al-Din Front 1698:Zabihullah Mujahid 1661:In November 2009, 1620:Jalaluddin Haqqani 1515:Chevrolet Suburban 1418:Taliban insurgency 1294: 1234: 1226:Buddhas of Bamiyan 1216:Buddhas of Bamiyan 1143:and recognized by 1085: 1073: 746: 668:Buddhas of Bamiyan 249:Office established 7560: 7559: 7542:Soviet–Afghan War 7527:Second Waziristan 7507:Siege of Malakand 7497:Battle of Maiwand 7399:Afghan (ethnonym) 7375: 7374: 7342:Khudai Khidmatgar 7111:Abdul Ahad Momand 7041:Abdur Rahman Khan 7026:Victor of Maiwand 6991:Darya Khan Afridi 6864: 6863: 6670:55th Arab Brigade 6511:Amir Khan Muttaqi 6474:Obaidullah Akhund 6372: 6371: 6176:Abdul Rahim Hatif 6044: 6043: 6040: 6025:Succeeded by 5988: 5981: 5956:Succeeded by 5690:. Penguin Press. 5674:978-0-231-54162-6 5607:. 15 October 2015 5455:. 7 October 2001. 5429:. 6 November 2022 4676:. 3 February 2012 4345:978-1-352-01101-2 4167:, 5 November 2001 3801:978-1-108-47545-7 3481:978-0-19-755077-9 3216:978-0-8047-8921-9 3189:978-1-4422-4506-8 3133:978-0-691-13484-0 2918:Los Angeles Times 2898:978-1-78023-009-2 2871:978-1-84885-446-8 2624:978-3-944214-26-9 2494:. 12 October 2015 2333:. 31 August 2021. 2261:. 7 November 2022 1983:Abdul Bari Jahani 1958:Taliban offensive 1811: 1810: 1803: 1721:Rahmatullah Nabil 1676:In January 2011, 1671:Amir Sultan Tarar 1598:Abdul Manan Omari 1501:and with General 1399:, Omar told him: 1389:Amir Khan Muttaqi 1359:Abdul Salam Zaeef 1255:Abdul Salam Zaeef 1069:cloak of Muhammad 914:Abdul Salam Zaeef 864:Soviet–Afghan War 622:Sultan Amir Tarar 615:Soviet–Afghan War 611:Afghan mujahideen 566:Northern Alliance 540: 521: 520: 468:Soviet–Afghan War 350:Abdul Manan Omari 198:Obaidullah Akhund 16:(Redirected from 7685: 7673:Anti-Americanism 7633:Taliban founders 7532:Mohmand campaign 7517:Afghan Civil War 7482:First Afghan War 7472:Battle of Jamrud 7447:Battle of Chausa 7409:Bannu Resolution 7336:Citizens' groups 7333: 7284:Abdul Hamid Baba 7206:Pashtun clothing 7151:Manzoor Pashteen 7146:Malala Yousafzai 7021:Wazir Akbar Khan 6935:Barakzai dynasty 6891: 6884: 6877: 6868: 6821:Amir al-Mu'minin 6775:Taliban in Qatar 6746:Conflict with IS 6591:Religious police 6459:Mohammad Rabbani 6399: 6392: 6385: 6376: 6346: 6345: 6344:(Supreme Leader) 6338: 6336: 6335: 6310: 6309: 6304:Islamic Republic 6302: 6300: 6299: 6279: 6278: 6271: 6269: 6268: 6248: 6247: 6236: 6234: 6233: 6201: 6200: 6193: 6191: 6190: 6143: 6142: 6131: 6129: 6128: 6108: 6107: 6096: 6094: 6093: 6070: 6063: 6056: 6047: 6031: 6022: 6016: 6012: 6002: 5984: 5972: 5966:Preceded by 5933: 5876:, BBC News, 2001 5805: 5785: 5774: 5753: 5733: 5722: 5701: 5689: 5678: 5648: 5647: 5642: 5640: 5623: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5597: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5563: 5557: 5546: 5540: 5529: 5523: 5522: 5511: 5505: 5504: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5463: 5457: 5456: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5427:Voice of America 5419: 5413: 5412: 5400: 5394: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5374: 5368: 5367: 5355: 5349: 5348: 5336: 5330: 5329: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5298: 5292: 5291: 5279: 5273: 5272: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5222: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5158: 5152: 5151: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5082: 5076: 5075: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5044: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5028:. 21 August 2015 5018: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5007: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4967: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4941: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4921:. 30 July 2015. 4911: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4897: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4852: 4846: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4826: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4806:Associated Press 4793: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4744: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4692: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4666: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4639: 4632: 4626: 4613:Shalizi, Hamid, 4611: 4605: 4604: 4593: 4587: 4575: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4488: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4435: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4409: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4381: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4356: 4350: 4349: 4329: 4323: 4322: 4314: 4308: 4307: 4297: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4270: 4264: 4263: 4251: 4240: 4239: 4228: 4222: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4197: 4191: 4190: 4174: 4168: 4161: 4155: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4117: 4111: 4110: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4090: 4088: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4041: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4018: 4009: 4008: 4006: 4004: 3989: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3961: 3950: 3949: 3944:. 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1503:Gul Agha Sherzai 1471:Amir-ul-Momineen 1460: 1457: 1455: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1350:Afghan tradition 1338:Voice of America 1274:Opium production 1246:Associated Press 1230:pictured in 1976 1127: 1123:Amir al-Mu'minin 1108: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1093:(أمير المؤمنين, 1090:Amir al-Mu'minin 1031:The practice of 958:communist regime 878:Maywand District 809:Afghan President 805:Uruzgan Province 613:to fight in the 580:carried out the 545: 539:romanized: 538: 536: 446: 440: 438: 437: 431: 425: 424: 423: 417: 411: 410: 409: 397:Military service 329:At least 3 wives 286: 284: 259:Personal details 245: 238:Mohammad Rabbani 228: 214: 179: 167: 150: 143:Mohammad Rabbani 132:Mohammad Rabbani 128: 109: 86: 76: 61: 60: 52: 51: 49:Amir al-Mu'minin 39: 21: 7693: 7692: 7688: 7687: 7686: 7684: 7683: 7682: 7563: 7562: 7561: 7556: 7434: 7428: 7381: 7371: 7355: 7331: 7318: 7274:Khushal Khattak 7245: 7179:Pashtun cuisine 7174:Pashtun culture 7160: 6951:Alauddin Khilji 6939: 6930:Durrani dynasty 6901: 6900:-related topics 6895: 6865: 6860: 6796:Haqqani network 6784: 6763: 6689: 6646: 6620: 6567: 6561:Zain-Ul-Abideen 6528:Qari Ahmadullah 6425:Supreme leaders 6408: 6403: 6373: 6368: 6357: 6343: 6342: 6340:Islamic Emirate 6333: 6331: 6326: 6307: 6306: 6297: 6295: 6290: 6276: 6275: 6266: 6264: 6259: 6241: 6240: 6238:Islamic Emirate 6231: 6229: 6224: 6198: 6197: 6188: 6186: 6181: 6155:Hafizullah Amin 6136: 6135: 6126: 6124: 6119: 6101: 6100: 6098:Afghan Republic 6091: 6089: 6084: 6074: 6030: 6018: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5989: 5971: 5961: 5952: 5891:Hindustan Times 5812: 5794: 5777: 5771: 5756: 5742: 5725: 5719: 5704: 5698: 5681: 5675: 5660: 5657: 5655:Further reading 5652: 5651: 5638: 5636: 5625: 5624: 5620: 5610: 5608: 5599: 5598: 5594: 5584: 5582: 5565: 5564: 5560: 5547: 5543: 5530: 5526: 5521:. 5 March 2007. 5513: 5512: 5508: 5492: 5491: 5487: 5477: 5475: 5465: 5464: 5460: 5447: 5446: 5442: 5432: 5430: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5402: 5401: 5397: 5387: 5385: 5376: 5375: 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4473: 4463: 4462: 4458: 4448: 4446: 4437: 4436: 4432: 4422: 4420: 4411: 4410: 4406: 4396: 4394: 4393:. 12 April 2004 4383: 4382: 4375: 4365: 4363: 4362:. 4 August 2015 4358: 4357: 4353: 4346: 4331: 4330: 4326: 4316: 4315: 4311: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4272: 4271: 4267: 4253: 4252: 4243: 4230: 4229: 4225: 4219: 4215: 4199: 4198: 4194: 4176: 4175: 4171: 4162: 4158: 4146: 4142: 4132: 4130: 4119: 4118: 4114: 4107:Birmingham Post 4104: 4103: 4099: 4086: 4084: 4069: 4068: 4064: 4054: 4052: 4043: 4042: 4038: 4028: 4026: 4020: 4019: 4012: 4002: 4000: 3991: 3990: 3981: 3971: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3953: 3932: 3931: 3922: 3912: 3910: 3893: 3892: 3888: 3880: 3876: 3868: 3864: 3857: 3844: 3843: 3839: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3814: 3812: 3802: 3777: 3776: 3767: 3753: 3751: 3724: 3723: 3714: 3704: 3702: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3682: 3678: 3668: 3666: 3665:. 12 March 2001 3657: 3656: 3652: 3642: 3640: 3631: 3630: 3626: 3616: 3614: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3589:Wayback Machine 3579: 3575: 3566: 3565: 3561: 3551: 3549: 3535: 3534: 3530: 3523:Chicago Tribune 3516: 3515: 3511: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3482: 3463: 3462: 3455: 3445: 3443: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3421: 3412: 3402: 3400: 3397:The Independent 3389: 3388: 3381: 3371: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3334: 3333: 3326: 3310: 3309: 3305: 3295: 3293: 3284: 3283: 3279: 3274: 3270: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3240:. October 2013. 3236: 3235: 3231: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3190: 3175: 3174: 3167: 3157: 3155: 3146: 3145: 3141: 3134: 3119: 3118: 3111: 3101: 3099: 3082: 3081: 3074: 3068:The Forever War 3065: 3061: 3052: 3048: 3044:, (2006), p.226 3039: 3035: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3010: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2998: 2979: 2974: 2970: 2960: 2958: 2954: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2929: 2925: 2910: 2906: 2899: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2872: 2856: 2855: 2851: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2827: 2826: 2819: 2809: 2807: 2796: 2795: 2791: 2777: 2776: 2769: 2751: 2750: 2743: 2733: 2731: 2722: 2721: 2712: 2700: 2693: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2659: 2652: 2643: 2632: 2625: 2612: 2611: 2582: 2572: 2570: 2554: 2553: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2521: 2520: 2507: 2497: 2495: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2465: 2463: 2454: 2453: 2449: 2440: 2433: 2424: 2417: 2412:. 29 July 2015. 2404: 2403: 2396: 2386: 2384: 2375: 2374: 2367: 2357: 2355: 2346: 2345: 2338: 2325: 2324: 2320: 2315:. 29 July 2015. 2307: 2306: 2302: 2292: 2290: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2264: 2262: 2253: 2252: 2248: 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11: 5: 7691: 7689: 7681: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7618:Pashtun people 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7565: 7564: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7537:Tribal revolts 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7502:Tirah campaign 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7452:Malandari Pass 7449: 7444: 7438: 7436: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7385: 7383: 7377: 7376: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7369: 7363: 7361: 7357: 7356: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7337: 7330: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7259:Amir Kror Suri 7255: 7253: 7247: 7246: 7244: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7221:Pashtun tribes 7218: 7216:Pashto singers 7213: 7208: 7203: 7202: 7201: 7194:Pashtunization 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7170: 7168: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7056:Amanullah Khan 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6947: 6945: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6911: 6909: 6903: 6902: 6896: 6894: 6893: 6886: 6879: 6871: 6862: 6861: 6859: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6846:Talibanization 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6792: 6790: 6789:Related topics 6786: 6785: 6783: 6782: 6777: 6771: 6769: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6761: 6760:(2004–present) 6755: 6754:(2021–present) 6749: 6748:(2015–present) 6743: 6742: 6741: 6740: 6739: 6738: 6737: 6730:2021 offensive 6727: 6725:2006 offensive 6722: 6706: 6699: 6697: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6656: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6628: 6626: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6577: 6575: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6565: 6564: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6540: 6538:Khalil Haqqani 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6519: 6518: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6482: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6454:Deputy leaders 6451: 6450: 6449: 6448: 6447: 6437: 6435:Akhtar Mansour 6432: 6422: 6416: 6414: 6410: 6409: 6404: 6402: 6401: 6394: 6387: 6379: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6366: 6362: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6355: 6349: 6347: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6324: 6319: 6313: 6311: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6288: 6282: 6280: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6257: 6251: 6249: 6244:Supreme Leader 6226: 6225: 6223: 6222: 6216: 6211: 6204: 6202: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6173: 6168: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6146: 6144: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6117: 6111: 6109: 6086: 6085: 6075: 6073: 6072: 6065: 6058: 6050: 6042: 6041: 6026: 6023: 5982: 5967: 5963: 5962: 5959:Akhtar Mansour 5957: 5954: 5944: 5938: 5937: 5931: 5930: 5929: 5928: 5923: 5902: 5901: 5895: 5883: 5877: 5865: 5864: 5854: 5836: 5835: 5824: 5811: 5810:External links 5808: 5807: 5806: 5792: 5775: 5769: 5754: 5740: 5723: 5717: 5702: 5696: 5679: 5673: 5656: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5633:The New Yorker 5618: 5592: 5558: 5541: 5524: 5506: 5485: 5458: 5440: 5414: 5395: 5369: 5350: 5331: 5312: 5293: 5274: 5255: 5236: 5217: 5191: 5172: 5153: 5134: 5115: 5096: 5077: 5058: 5039: 5013: 4987: 4962: 4936: 4906: 4875: 4847: 4836:. 29 July 2015 4818: 4788: 4766: 4739: 4713: 4687: 4661: 4627: 4606: 4603:. 23 May 2011. 4588: 4570: 4541: 4513: 4483: 4456: 4430: 4404: 4373: 4351: 4344: 4324: 4309: 4284: 4265: 4241: 4223: 4213: 4192: 4169: 4156: 4148:Stephen Tanner 4140: 4112: 4097: 4062: 4036: 4010: 3979: 3951: 3920: 3886: 3884:, p. 679. 3874: 3872:, p. 678. 3862: 3855: 3837: 3822: 3800: 3765: 3712: 3685: 3676: 3650: 3624: 3597: 3573: 3559: 3528: 3509: 3495: 3480: 3453: 3427: 3410: 3379: 3353: 3324: 3303: 3277: 3268: 3243: 3229: 3215: 3195: 3188: 3165: 3139: 3132: 3109: 3072: 3059: 3046: 3033: 3018: 3007:. Zomia Center 2977: 2968: 2939: 2923: 2904: 2897: 2877: 2870: 2849: 2817: 2789: 2767: 2741: 2729:The New Yorker 2710: 2691: 2670: 2650: 2630: 2623: 2580: 2542: 2531:. 5 April 2015 2505: 2473: 2461:The New Yorker 2447: 2431: 2415: 2394: 2365: 2336: 2318: 2300: 2289:. 30 July 2015 2272: 2246: 2235:. 5 April 2015 2218: 2207:. October 1996 2190: 2187:. 18 May 2023. 2172: 2144: 2133:. 30 July 2015 2116: 2105:. 2 March 2007 2088: 2060: 2024: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2013: 2010: 1969: 1966: 1962:Zabul Province 1952:following the 1920:Al-Nusra Front 1916:Jaish al-Islam 1904:Jaish al Ummah 1888:Jaish Muhammad 1859:Akhtar Mansoor 1844:Zabul province 1809: 1808: 1767: 1765: 1758: 1752: 1749: 1647:Muhammad Hanif 1614: 1611: 1607:Michael Semple 1602:Akhtar Mansour 1545:Zabul province 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1523:USS Kitty Hawk 1409: 1406: 1324:Following the 1311: 1308: 1278:Main article: 1275: 1272: 1214:Main article: 1211: 1208: 1060: 1057: 1052:Main article: 1049: 1046: 1042:Herat Province 989:Afghan refugee 976:Main article: 973: 970: 966:Abdullah Azzam 937: 934: 859: 856: 799:, in the poor 792:Afghanistan. 731: 728: 696:Zabul Province 683:George W. Bush 648:headed by the 639:in the country 574:Supreme Leader 543:Muḥammad ʿUmar 519: 518: 515: 514: 512: 511: 506: 501: 500: 499: 489: 488: 487: 477: 476: 475: 464: 462: 458: 457: 452: 448: 447: 403: 399: 398: 394: 393: 388: 384: 383: 378: 374: 373: 368: 364: 363: 358: 354: 353: 347: 343: 342: 335: 331: 330: 327: 323: 322: 319: 315: 314: 311: 307: 306: 301: 297: 296: 292:, Afghanistan 278: 274: 273: 265: 261: 260: 256: 255: 252: 251: 246: 240: 239: 236: 232: 231: 221: 220: 218:Akhtar Mansour 215: 209: 208: 206: 205: 203:Akhtar Mansour 200: 195: 189: 187: 183: 182: 172: 171: 168: 162: 161: 151: 145: 144: 141: 135: 134: 129: 127:Prime Minister 123: 122: 102: 101: 95: 94: 91: 90: 87: 79: 78: 70: 69: 66: 63: 62: 53: 43: 42: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7690: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7648:Afghan exiles 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 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7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7141:Malalai Kakar 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7121:Mohammed Omar 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7066:Mulla Powinda 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6996:Mirwais Hotak 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6976:Sher Shah Sur 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6948: 6946: 6942: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6925:Hotak dynasty 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6904: 6899: 6892: 6887: 6885: 6880: 6878: 6873: 6872: 6869: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6811:Islamic state 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6787: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6766: 6759: 6756: 6753: 6750: 6747: 6744: 6736: 6735:Fall of Kabul 6733: 6732: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6717: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6704: 6701: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6692: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6653: 6649: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6623: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6570: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6543: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6480: 6479:Mullah Yaqoob 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6456: 6455: 6452: 6446: 6443: 6442: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6427: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6417: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6400: 6395: 6393: 6388: 6386: 6381: 6380: 6377: 6364: 6363: 6360: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6341: 6329: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6314: 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1826: 1822: 1821: 1816: 1805: 1802: 1794: 1784: 1778: 1777: 1773: 1768:This section 1766: 1762: 1757: 1756: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1725: 1722: 1717: 1715: 1714:Bowe Bergdahl 1711: 1706: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1687: 1683: 1682:Eclipse Group 1679: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1642:Afghanistan. 1640: 1635: 1633: 1628: 1625: 1621: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1562: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1542: 1533: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1462: 1438: 1433: 1432:MQ-1 Predator 1428: 1425: 1419: 1415: 1407: 1404: 1400: 1398: 1393: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1364: 1360: 1353: 1351: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1332:to hand over 1331: 1327: 1321: 1317: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1300: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1273: 1270: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1241: 1238: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1209: 1207: 1205: 1199: 1197: 1192: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1176: 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During the 559: 555: 554:revolutionary 551: 550: 544: 532: 528: 527:Muhammad Omar 525: 516: 510: 507: 505: 502: 498: 495: 494: 493: 490: 486: 483: 482: 481: 478: 474: 471: 470: 469: 466: 465: 463: 459: 453: 449: 443: 428: 414: 404: 400: 395: 392: 389: 387:Jurisprudence 385: 382: 379: 375: 372: 369: 365: 362: 359: 355: 352:(stepbrother) 351: 348: 344: 340: 339:Mullah Yaqoob 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 310:Resting place 308: 305: 302: 298: 295: 291: 279: 275: 272:, Afghanistan 271: 266: 262: 257: 253: 250: 247: 241: 237: 233: 227: 222: 219: 216: 210: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 190: 188: 184: 178: 173: 169: 163: 159: 155: 152: 146: 142: 140: 136: 133: 130: 124: 120: 116: 108: 103: 100: 96: 92: 85: 80: 71: 67:Muhammad Omar 59: 54: 50: 45: 44: 40: 37: 33: 19: 7414:Kalabagh Dam 7394:Pashtunistan 7211:Pashto media 7131:Ashraf Ghani 7126:Hamid Karzai 7120: 7086:Faqir of Ipi 7076:Sartor Faqir 7051:Soraya Tarzi 7046:Mahmud Tarzi 7001:Mahmud Hotak 6966:Ibrahim Lodi 6920:Suri dynasty 6915:Lodi dynasty 6711:(2001–2021) 6685:Conscription 6506:Hasan Akhund 6429: 6322:Ashraf Ghani 6317:Hamid Karzai 6286:Hamid Karzai 6254: 6219:Hamid Karzai 6033: 6032: 6001:Disputed by 5991: 5990: 5985: 5974: 5973: 5946: 5941: 5904: 5903: 5889: 5867: 5866: 5850:The Guardian 5848: 5838: 5837: 5830: 5819: 5781: 5759: 5729: 5707: 5685: 5663: 5644: 5639:18 September 5637:. 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