455:
of 25–50%), and from multiple traumas, especially if not rapidly treated, appear to be especially severe. If more than one organ system is affected, the mortality rate is still higher, and this is especially the case when five or more systems or organs are affected. Old age is a risk factor in and of itself, and immunocompromised patients, such as with cancer or AIDS or a transplant, are at risk. Prognosis must take into account any co-morbidities the patient may have, their past and current health status, any genetic or environmental vulnerabilities they have, the nature and type of the illness or injury (as an example, data from COVID-19 is still being analyzed, whereas other cases from long-existing illnesses are much better understood), and any resistance to drugs used to treat microbial infections or any hospital-acquired co-infection. Earlier and aggressive treatment, the use of experimental treatments, or at least modern tools such as ventilators, ECMO, dialysis, bypass, and transplantation, especially at a trauma center, may improve outcomes in certain cases, but this depends in part on speedy and affordable access to high-quality care, which many areas lack. Measurements of lactate, cytokines, albumin and other proteins, urea, blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, insulin, and blood sugar, adequate hydration, constant monitoring of vital signs, good communication within and between facilities and staff, and adequate staffing, training, and charting are important in MODS, as in any serious illness.
442:
some organs, like the liver or the skin, can regenerate better than others),- with the possible exception of single or multiple organ transplants or the use of artificial organs or organ parts, in certain candidates in specific situations. Therapy, therefore, is usually mostly limited to supportive care, i.e. safeguarding hemodynamics, and respiration. Maintaining adequate tissue oxygenation is a principal target. Starting enteral nutrition within 36 hours of admission to an
97:
based on blood and other tests, as to what it is (each of these organs' levels of failure is divided into stage I, II, III, IV, and V). The word "failure" is commonly used to refer to the later stages, especially IV and V, when artificial support usually becomes necessary to sustain life; the damage may or may not be fully or partially reversible.
105:
Multiple Organ
Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) can trigger a variety of symptoms throughout the body. Because MODS can impact any organ system, the specific symptoms experienced will depend on which organs are affected. Initially, these signs may be mild as the underlying illness progresses towards MODS.
454:
Mortality, though it has lessened to a limited degree, at least in developed countries with timely access to initial and tertiary care, varies where the chance of survival is diminished as the number of organs involved increases. Mortality in MODS from septic shock (which itself has a high mortality
339:
The
European Society of Intensive Care organized a consensus meeting in 1994 to create the "Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)" score to describe and quantitate the degree of organ dysfunction in six organ systems. Using similar physiologic variables the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score
109:
These symptoms include low urine output, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Some patients experience mental symptoms like confusion and may feel fatigued. Symptoms like fever, chills, irregular heartbeat, and quick/shallow breathing are also common. Multiple cases of MODS also suffer chest and
441:
At present, there is no drug or device that can reverse organ failure that has been judged by the health care team to be medically and/or surgically irreversible (organ function can recover, at least to a degree, in patients whose organs are very dysfunctional, where the patient has not died; and
96:
There are different stages of organ dysfunction for certain different organs, both in acute and in chronic onset, whether or not there are one or more organs affected. Each stage of dysfunction (whether it be the heart, lung, liver, or kidney) has defined parameters, in terms of laboratory values
876:
Liu, Xiaoli; Hu, Pan; Mao, Zhi; Kuo, Po-Chih; Li, Peiyao; Liu, Chao; Hu, Jie; Li, Deyu; Cao, Desen; Mark, Roger G.; Celi, Leo
Anthony; Zhang, Zhengbo; Zhou, Feihu (28 January 2020). "Interpretable Machine Learning Model for Early Prediction of Mortality in Elderly Patients with Multiple Organ
156:(SIRS). Both SIRS and sepsis could ultimately progress to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. In one-third of the patients, however, no primary focus can be found. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is well established as the final stage of a continuum:
970:
Sapan, Heber
Bombang; Paturusi, Idrus; Jusuf, Irawan; Patellongi, Ilhamjaya; Massi, Muh Nasrum; Pusponegoro, Aryono Djuned; Arief, Syafrie Kamsul; Labeda, Ibrahim; Islam, Andi Asadul; Rendy, Leo; Hatta, Mochammad (1 June 2016).
832:
van Wessem, Karlijn J.P.; Leenen, Luke P.H. (1 January 2018). "Reduction in
Mortality Rates of Postinjury Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome: A Shifting Paradigm? A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study".
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1418:
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525:
medical textbooks still use the terms "multi-organ failure" and "multiple organ failure" in several chapters and do not use "multiple organ dysfunction syndrome" at all.
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1012:
Zeng, Ling; Du, Juan; Gu, Wei; Zhang, An-qiang; Wang, Hai-yan; Wen, Da-lin; Qiu, Lin; Yang, Xue-tao; Sun, Jian-hui; Zhang, Mao; Hao, Jiang; Jiang, Jian-xin (2015).
312:
Mitochondrial DNA resembles bacterial DNA. If bacteria triggers leukocytes, mitochondrial DNA may do the same. When confronted with bacteria, white blood cells, or
234:. Liver dysfunction leads to toxins escaping into the systemic circulation and activating an immune response. This results in tissue injury and organ dysfunction.
1014:"Rs1800625 in the receptor for advanced glycation end products gene predisposes to sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in patients with major trauma"
919:
van
Breugel, Johanna M. M.; Niemeyer, Menco J. S.; Houwert, Roderick M.; Groenwold, Rolf H. H.; Leenen, Luke P. H.; van Wessem, Karlijn J. P. (December 2020).
518:
510:. In more recent years, these concepts have been refined – so that there are specific definitions of sepsis – and two new concepts have been developed: the
1456:
973:"Pattern of cytokine (IL-6 and IL-10) level as inflammation and anti-inflammation mediator of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in polytrauma"
167:
to prevent the progression to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Some authors have conjectured that the inactivation of the transcription factors
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153:
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572:
714:
McIlroy, Daniel J.; Jarnicki, Andrew G.; Au, Gough G.; Lott, Natalie; Smith, Doug W.; Hansbro, Philip M.; Balogh, Zsolt J. (December 2014).
517:
Although Irwin and Rippe cautioned in 2005 that the use of "multiple organ failure" or "multisystem organ failure" should be avoided, both
331:
Since in most cases no primary cause is found, the condition could be part of a compromised homeostasis involving the previous mechanisms.
316:, behave like predatory spiders. They spit out a web, or net, to trap the invaders, then hit them with a deadly oxidative blast, forming
1364:
294:
1777:
1474:
479:
226:
and the subsequent mucosal ischaemia there are structural changes and alterations in cellular function. This results in increased
1977:
1164:
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is the leading cause of severe inflammation due to a massive amount of mitochondrial DNA that leaks into the bloodstream due to
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1479:
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187:, however, so there is risk of increasing vulnerability to infection, which can also cause clinical deterioration.
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1578:
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204:
1987:
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219:
The most popular hypothesis by Deitch to explain MODS in critically ill patients is the gut hypothesis. Due to
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1519:
1504:
1187:
313:
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1982:
1933:
1859:
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have been advanced as principal mediator in this disorder. It is thought that following the initial event
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1682:
892:
195:
A definite explanation has not been found. Local and systemic responses are initiated by tissue damage.
54:
Include, but not limited to: Confusion, Loss of appetite, Fatigue, Fever, Irregular
Heartbeat, Tachypnea
679:
Deitch, Edwin A. (1 June 1989). "Simple
Intestinal Obstruction Causes Bacterial Translocation in Man".
1613:
1433:
783:
Watson, R. Scott; Crow, Sheri S.; Hartman, Mary E.; Lacroix, Jacques; Odetola, Folafoluwa O. (2017).
1928:
1911:
1901:
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1374:
1369:
1359:
1312:
1229:
1213:
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921:"Global changes in mortality rates in polytrauma patients admitted to the ICU—a systematic review"
2002:
1705:
1536:
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1386:
1347:
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878:
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716:"Mitochondrial DNA neutrophil extracellular traps are formed after trauma and subsequent surgery"
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This results in catastrophic immune response leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.
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842:
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640:"Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS): Molecular Pathophysiology and Gene Therapy"
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1997:
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208:
877:
Dysfunction
Syndrome (MODS): a Multicenter Retrospective Study and Cross Validation".
399:
281:
As a result of macro- and microvascular changes insufficient supply of oxygen occurs.
1971:
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785:"Epidemiology and outcomes of pediatric multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)"
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is the most common cause of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and may result in
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351:
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160:+ infection → sepsis → severe sepsis → Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.
119:
67:
1049:
998:
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854:
835:
Shock: Injury, Inflammation, and Sepsis: Laboratory and
Clinical Approaches
818:
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are pro-inflammatory. They are essential components of a normal healthy
168:
90:
27:
Organ dysfunction in an acutely ill person requiring medical intervention
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742:
106:
However, as the condition worsens, the symptoms can become more severe.
72:
Case fatality rate 30–100% depending on the number of organs that failed
1835:
1715:
363:
163:
Currently, investigators are looking into genetic targets for possible
127:
44:
Total organ failure, multisystem organ failure, multiple organ failure
1294:
1289:
459:
421:
350:: the patient has increased volume requirements and mild respiratory
145:
123:
293:
According to findings of Professor Zsolt Balogh and his team at the
230:, changed immune function of the gut and increased translocation of
883:
180:
1120:
1851:
1710:
1396:
502:
For many years, some patients were loosely classified as having
152:. In the absence of infection, a sepsis-like disorder is termed
1855:
1160:
253:
are produced and released. The pro-inflammatory mediators are:
466:, or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome that is due to major
199:
is common in the first 72 hours. Subsequently, one might see
1788:
European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care
110:
abdominal pain, and patients may even lose consciousness.
245:
infections in MODS patients are relatively common, hence
89:
function in an acutely ill patient requiring immediate
175:
would be appropriate targets in preventing sepsis and
1419:
Critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency
494:
susceptibility to sepsis and MODS in these patients.
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1949:
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40:
35:
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550:
548:
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138:. The primary cause triggers an uncontrolled
8:
480:receptor for advanced glycation end products
563:Irwin, Richard S.; Rippe, James M. (2003).
1874:
1860:
1852:
1271:
1179:
1165:
1157:
1087:
638:Matsuda, Naoyuki; Hattori, Yuichi (2006).
343:Four clinical phases have been suggested:
32:
1039:
1029:
988:
977:International Journal of Burns and Trauma
946:
936:
882:
808:
741:
731:
655:
615:"Shock: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
565:Irwin and Rippe's Intensive Care Medicine
285:causes cell death and organ dysfunction.
534:
388:and possible hematologic abnormalities.
277:Tissue hypoxia-microvascular hypothesis
154:systemic inflammatory response syndrome
901:
890:
446:has reduced infectious complications.
589:"Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome"
567:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
7:
1667:Recombinant activated protein C
693:10.1001/archsurg.1989.01410060065013
1957:Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
1380:Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
1365:Acute respiratory distress syndrome
1305:Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
644:Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
295:University of Newcastle (Australia)
79:Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
36:Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
925:World Journal of Emergency Surgery
394:: the patient develops shock with
269:, platelet activating factor, and
62:Infection, injury, hypermetabolism
25:
1778:Society of Critical Care Medicine
1475:Ventilator-associated lung injury
789:Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
18:Multi-organ dysfunction syndrome
1480:Ventilator-associated pneumonia
1413:Critical illness polyneuropathy
1077:The Oxford Textbook of Medicine
238:Endotoxin macrophage hypothesis
476:single nucleotide polymorphism
402:disturbances; has significant
318:neutrophil extracellular traps
1:
1259:Geriatric intensive-care unit
1242:Pediatric intensive care unit
474:polymorphism is a functional
1662:Neuromuscular-blocking drugs
1605:Nutritional supplementation
1236:Neonatal intensive care unit
847:10.1097/SHK.0000000000000938
801:10.1097/PCC.0000000000001047
289:Mitochondrial DNA hypothesis
1762:Water-electrolyte imbalance
1596:Early goal-directed therapy
255:tumor necrosis factor-alpha
118:The condition results from
2019:
1614:Total parenteral nutrition
1547:Life-supporting treatments
1254:Critical illness insurance
1072:Cecil Textbook of Medicine
938:10.1186/s13017-020-00330-3
733:10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.07.013
488:immunoglobulin superfamily
354:, which is accompanied by
1783:Surviving Sepsis Campaign
1579:Ventricular assist device
1574:Intra-aortic balloon pump
1525:Pulmonary artery catheter
1194:
1031:10.1186/s13054-014-0727-2
305:of patients who survived
205:gastrointestinal bleeding
766:"MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE"
720:Journal of Critical Care
424:; subsequently develops
1978:Intensive care medicine
1677:Stress ulcer prevention
1621:Therapeutic hypothermia
1520:Central venous catheter
1188:Intensive care medicine
314:neutrophil granulocytes
1752:Level of consciousness
1559:mechanical ventilation
1457:Methicillin-resistant
1067:The ICU Book by Marino
900:Cite journal requires
726:(6): 1133.e1–1133.e5.
657:10.1254/jphs.crj06010x
484:transmembrane receptor
1459:Staphylococcus aureus
795:(3 Suppl 1): S4–S16.
327:Integrated hypothesis
140:inflammatory response
1434:Stress hyperglycemia
1275:Organ system failure
1209:Medical specialities
384:; develops moderate
1993:Medical emergencies
1902:Respiratory failure
1797:Related specialties
1757:Acid–base imbalance
1693:ICU scoring systems
1564:Tracheal intubation
1375:Respiratory failure
1370:Acute liver failure
1360:Acute renal failure
1230:Intensive care unit
1214:Respiratory therapy
681:Archives of Surgery
444:intensive care unit
261:-1, interleukin-6,
197:Respiratory failure
1706:Glasgow Coma Scale
1657:Intravenous fluids
1537:Screening cultures
1505:Arterial blood gas
1470:Refeeding syndrome
1387:Neonatal infection
1348:Vasodilatory shock
1323:Distributive shock
1248:Coronary care unit
1131:External resources
595:. 20 November 2023
101:Signs and symptoms
1965:
1964:
1849:
1848:
1809:Internal medicine
1555:Airway management
1493:
1492:
1333:Obstructive shock
1318:Cardiogenic shock
1154:
1153:
574:978-0-7817-3548-3
519:Harrison's (2015)
458:In patients with
412:: the patient is
386:liver dysfunction
372:: the patient is
299:mitochondrial DNA
207:(10–15 days) and
76:
75:
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2010:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1853:
1570:Cardiac devices
1424:Decubitus ulcers
1338:Neurogenic shock
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1181:
1174:
1167:
1158:
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772:. 7 August 2014.
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593:Cleveland Clinic
585:
579:
578:
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478:, a part of the
426:ischemic colitis
228:gut permeability
33:
21:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
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1988:Causes of death
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1687:
1647:Antithrombotics
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1609:Enteral feeding
1591:Kidney dialysis
1541:
1489:
1465:Oxygen toxicity
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1401:
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1185:
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1061:Further reading
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619:medlineplus.gov
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508:sepsis syndrome
500:
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430:lactic acidosis
340:was developed.
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191:Pathophysiology
185:immune response
136:hypermetabolism
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1804:Anesthesiology
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1701:APACHE II
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1532:Blood cultures
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1281:Shock sequence
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1199:Health science
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1091:Classification
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1083:External links
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1004:
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902:|journal=
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687:(6): 699–701.
671:
650:(3): 189–198.
630:
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523:Cecil's (2012)
499:
496:
490:) and confers
451:
448:
438:
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416:dependent and
407:
406:abnormalities.
389:
367:
362:and increased
336:
333:
328:
325:
290:
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239:
236:
216:
215:Gut hypothesis
213:
211:(11–17 days).
209:kidney failure
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93:intervention.
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1983:Organ failure
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1925:
1924:Renal failure
1922:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1907:Liver failure
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1897:Heart failure
1895:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1883:Organ failure
1877:
1872:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:Organisations
1769:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1721:SAPS III
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
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1622:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
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1602:
1599:
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1584:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
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1562:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:Arterial line
1513:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:Complications
1404:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1355:Organ failure
1353:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1295:Severe sepsis
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:General terms
1221:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:Critical Care
1015:
1008:
1005:
1000:
996:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
966:
963:
958:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
930:
926:
922:
915:
912:
907:
894:
885:
880:
872:
869:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
828:
825:
820:
816:
811:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
779:
776:
771:
770:ABC Australia
767:
761:
758:
753:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
725:
721:
717:
710:
707:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
675:
672:
667:
663:
658:
653:
649:
645:
641:
634:
631:
620:
616:
610:
607:
594:
590:
584:
581:
576:
570:
566:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
535:
528:
526:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
497:
495:
493:
489:
486:gene (of the
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
449:
447:
445:
436:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
408:
405:
401:
397:
393:
390:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
368:
366:requirements.
365:
361:
360:hyperglycemia
357:
353:
349:
346:
345:
344:
341:
334:
332:
326:
324:
321:
319:
315:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
288:
286:
284:
276:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:Gram-negative
237:
235:
233:
229:
225:
224:hypoperfusion
222:
214:
212:
210:
206:
202:
201:liver failure
198:
190:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
141:
137:
133:
132:hypoperfusion
129:
125:
121:
113:
111:
107:
100:
98:
94:
92:
88:
85:) is altered
84:
80:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
1956:
1841:Traumatology
1742:Hemodynamics
1716:SAPS II
1683:Vasopressors
1601:Induced coma
1458:
1449:Iatrogenesis
1439:Stress ulcer
1379:
1343:Spinal shock
1304:
1300:Septic shock
1138:
1114:
1103:
1021:
1017:
1007:
983:(2): 37–43.
980:
976:
965:
928:
924:
914:
893:cite journal
871:
841:(1): 33–38.
838:
834:
827:
792:
788:
778:
769:
760:
743:10453/146723
723:
719:
709:
684:
680:
674:
647:
643:
633:
622:. Retrieved
618:
609:
597:. Retrieved
592:
583:
564:
516:
507:
503:
501:
464:septic shock
457:
453:
440:
409:
391:
369:
347:
342:
338:
330:
322:
311:
307:major trauma
292:
280:
271:nitric oxide
267:prostacyclin
241:
218:
203:(5–7 days),
194:
179:. These two
165:gene therapy
162:
150:septic shock
144:
117:
108:
104:
95:
82:
78:
77:
1824:Pulmonology
1747:Hypotension
1642:Antibiotics
1485:Dialytrauma
1328:Anaphylaxis
414:vasopressor
404:coagulation
263:thromboxane
259:interleukin
126:(accident,
41:Other names
1972:Categories
1831:Pediatrics
1814:Cardiology
1735:Physiology
1637:Analgesics
1586:Chest tube
1415:/ myopathy
1392:Polytrauma
1268:Conditions
884:2001.10977
624:2024-07-07
529:References
514:and MODS.
437:Management
378:hypocapnic
374:tachypneic
303:cell death
247:endotoxins
221:splanchnic
2003:Syndromes
1819:Neurology
1672:Sedatives
1652:Inotropes
1498:Diagnosis
1140:eMedicine
1116:SNOMED CT
931:(1): 55.
863:206062912
472:rs1800625
450:Prognosis
400:acid–base
382:hypoxemic
352:alkalosis
335:Diagnosis
283:Hypoxemia
257:(TNF-α),
251:cytokines
120:infection
68:Prognosis
1950:Multiple
1510:Catheter
1429:Fungemia
1204:Medicine
1145:med/3372
1121:57653000
1050:25572180
1024:(1): 6.
999:27335696
957:32998744
855:28682941
819:28248829
752:25128442
666:16823257
418:oliguric
396:azotemia
356:oliguria
320:(NETs).
232:bacteria
50:Symptoms
1934:Chronic
1917:Chronic
1890:General
1836:Surgery
1110:D009102
1041:4310192
990:4913232
948:7526208
810:5334773
701:2730322
506:or the
498:History
482:(RAGE)
410:Stage 4
392:Stage 3
370:Stage 2
364:insulin
348:Stage 1
128:surgery
91:medical
1998:Sepsis
1311:Other
1290:Sepsis
1244:(PICU)
1238:(NICU)
1048:
1038:
997:
987:
955:
945:
861:
853:
817:
807:
750:
699:
664:
599:7 July
571:
504:sepsis
470:, the
468:trauma
460:sepsis
422:anuric
146:Sepsis
124:injury
59:Causes
1929:Acute
1912:Acute
1679:drugs
1630:Drugs
1313:shock
1250:(CCU)
1232:(ICU)
879:arXiv
859:S2CID
181:genes
169:NF-ÎşB
114:Cause
87:organ
1726:SOFA
1711:PIM2
1557:and
1397:Coma
1285:SIRS
1105:MeSH
1046:PMID
995:PMID
953:PMID
906:help
851:PMID
815:PMID
748:PMID
697:PMID
662:PMID
601:2024
569:ISBN
521:and
512:SIRS
492:host
428:and
398:and
380:and
265:A2,
177:SIRS
173:AP-1
171:and
158:SIRS
134:and
83:MODS
1036:PMC
1026:doi
985:PMC
943:PMC
933:doi
843:doi
805:PMC
797:doi
738:hdl
728:doi
689:doi
685:124
652:doi
648:101
420:or
130:),
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1119::
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718:.
695:.
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