162:
When there are a number of symptoms suggesting a particular disease or condition but does not meet the defined criteria used to make a diagnosis of that disease or condition. This can be a bit subjective because it is ultimately up to the clinician to make the diagnosis. This could be because it has
465:
There is no set common convention for the naming of newly identified syndromes. In the past, syndromes were often named after the physician or scientist who identified and described the condition in an initial publication. These are referred to as "eponymous syndromes". In some cases, diseases are
478:
vs. Down's syndrome). North
American usage has tended to favor the non-possessive form, while European references often use the possessive. A 2009 study demonstrated a trend away from the possessive form in Europe in medical literature from 1970 through 2008.
456:
theory syndromes correspond to errors in code words which are determined with syndrome measurements, which only collapse the state on an error state, so that the error can be corrected without affecting the quantum information stored in the code words.
470:). There have been isolated cases of patients being eager to have their syndromes named after them, while their physicians are hesitant. When a syndrome is named after a person, there is some difference of opinion as to whether it should take the
163:
not advanced to the level or passed a threshold or just similar symptoms cause by other issues. Subclinical is synonymous since one of its definitions is "where some criteria are met but not enough to achieve clinical status"; but
1229:
180:
In medicine, a broad definition of syndrome is used, which describes a collection of symptoms and findings without necessarily tying them to a single identifiable pathogenesis. Examples of infectious syndromes include
512:, the presence of the associated symptoms with a statistically improbable correlation normally leads the researchers to hypothesize that there exists an unknown underlying cause for all the described symptoms.
496:(published 1025) helped lay the groundwork for the idea of a syndrome and pioneered in the diagnosis of a specific disease. The concept of a medical syndrome was further developed in the 17th century by
123:. Recently, there has been a shift towards naming conditions descriptively (by symptoms or underlying cause) rather than eponymously, but the eponymous syndrome names often persist in common usage.
1222:
1215:
61:
end up being used interchangeably for them. This substitution of terminology often confuses the reality and meaning of medical diagnoses. This is especially true of
167:
is not always interchangeable since it can also mean "not detectable or producing effects that are not detectable by the usual clinical tests"; i.e., asymptomatic.
42:σύνδρομον, meaning "concurrence". When a syndrome is paired with a definite cause this becomes a disease. In some instances, a syndrome is so closely linked with a
851:"The Forms in which Insanity Expresses Itself [Die Erscheinungsformen des Irreseins]. (Arb. für Psychiat., München, Bd. ii, 1921.) Kraepelin, Emil"
541:
982:
115:
Syndromes are often named after the physician or group of physicians that discovered them or initially described the full clinical picture. Such
108:(often just "association" in context). By definition, an association indicates that the collection of signs and symptoms occurs in combination
828:
768:
733:
326:
422:
In biology, "syndrome" is used in a more general sense to describe characteristic sets of features in various contexts. Examples include
318:
70:
1306:
341:
The most important psychopathological syndromes were classified into three groups ranked in order of severity by German psychiatrist
304:
257:
225:
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1154:
801:
604:
569:
393:
In the field of medical genetics, the term "syndrome" is traditionally only used when the underlying genetic cause is known. Thus,
135:
93:
can be caused by various toxins; another medical syndrome named as premotor syndrome can be caused by various brain lesions; and
220:
those psychopathological syndromes are used in modern clinical practice and described in psychiatric literature in the details:
1310:
78:
1344:
330:
82:
151:
126:
The defining of syndromes has sometimes been termed syndromology, but it is usually not a separate discipline from
345:(1856—1926). The first group, which includes the mild disorders, consists of five syndromes: emotional, paranoid,
269:
20:
453:
445:(LEO) is high enough that collisions between objects could cause a cascade in which each collision generates
1146:
431:
366:
285:
1276:
1207:
358:
300:
131:
85:
are disorders with known pathogeneses, so each is more than just a set of signs and symptoms, despite the
721:
492:
265:
94:
1013:
1314:
997:
427:
272:
syndromes (for example, twilight clouding of consciousness, amential syndrome also known as amentia,
90:
189:, which can both have several different infectious causes. The more specific definition employed in
1239:
536:
423:
411:
139:
105:
1339:
1255:
1070:
471:
467:
31:
89:
nomenclature. In other instances, a syndrome is not specific to only one disease. For example,
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1174:
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1114:
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1054:
1005:
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793:
644:
438:
410:) for the condition was discovered, the name was changed. The consensus underlying cause of
382:
253:
210:
190:
213:, and the study of the origin, diagnosis, development, and treatment of mental disorders).
497:
442:
401:
322:
289:
237:
206:
1093:"Current use of medical eponyms--a need for global uniformity in scientific publications"
696:
1001:
749:Дмитриева, Т. Б.; Краснов, В. Н.; Незнанов, Н. Г.; Семке, В. Я.; Тиганов, А. С. (2011).
404:
was most frequently referred to as "CHARGE association". When the major causative gene (
1119:
1092:
916:
889:
649:
632:
342:
293:
120:
39:
73:
are described as dysmorphic, which usually refers to the facial gestalt. For example,
1333:
475:
354:
249:
229:
74:
1074:
446:
374:
182:
147:
43:
1045:
Teebi, A. S. (2004). "Naming of a syndrome: The story of "Adam Wright" syndrome".
466:
named after the patient who initially presents with symptoms, or their home town (
414:
has not been determined, and thus it is not commonly referred to as a "syndrome".
750:
361:. The third includes the most severe disorders, and consists of three syndromes:
261:
164:
109:
1034:(7th ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. xxiii–xxv.
394:
143:
983:"Collision Frequency of Artificial Satellites: The Creation of a Debris Belt"
874:
614:
381:", and described "the three major psychoses" as schizophrenia, epilepsy, and
146:
by its nature involves the defining of congenital syndromes that may include
1280:
1009:
579:
526:
378:
252:
syndromes (for example, paranoid syndrome, paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome,
241:
186:
66:
34:
which are correlated with each other and often associated with a particular
1128:
1109:
1066:
925:
906:
866:
658:
1058:
509:
487:
370:
362:
353:, and impulsive. The second, intermediate, group includes two syndromes:
350:
346:
299:
Some examples of psychopathological syndromes used in modern
Germany are
281:
273:
245:
221:
127:
101:
62:
633:"Diagnoses, Syndromes, and Diseases: A Knowledge Representation Problem"
1263:
531:
47:
35:
260:
syndrome also known as syndrome of psychic automatism, hallucinosis),
104:
cause is suspected but not known, a condition may be referred to as a
760:
312:
217:
116:
850:
142:) and differentiation among overlapping sets of signs and symptoms.
960:
939:
308:
233:
672:
1297:
631:
Calvo, F; Karras, BT; Phillips, R; Kimball, AM; Wolf, F (2003).
406:
1211:
373:. In Kraepelin's era, epilepsy was viewed as a mental illness;
890:"Nosologomania: DSM & Karl Jaspers' critique of Kraepelin"
562:
The
British Medical Association Illustrated Medical Dictionary
134:
generally, which inherently involve pattern recognition (both
724:. In Greenwood, D.; Barer, M.; Slack, R.; Irving, W. (eds.).
1201:
599:(32nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. 2012.
728:(18th ed.). Churchill Livingstone. pp. 678–688.
820:
303:, depressive syndrome, paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome,
564:. London: Dorling Kindersley. 2002. pp. 177, 536.
16:
Association of several clinically recognizable features
449:
that increases the likelihood of further collisions.
441:
refers to the effect where the density of objects in
150:(pathoanatomy), dysmetabolism (pathophysiology), and
110:
more frequently than would be likely by chance alone
1173:. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press. pp.
981:Kessler, Donald J.; Cour-Palais, Burton G. (1978).
1170:Facing and fighting fatigue: a practical approach
844:
842:
840:
209:refers both to psychic dysfunctions occurring in
97:is not a disease but simply a set of symptoms.
894:Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine
292:, paranoiac syndrome, senestopathic syndrome,
1223:
1086:
1084:
193:describes a subset of all medical syndromes.
8:
861:(282). Royal College of Psychiatrists: 296.
542:Characteristics of syndromic ASD conditions
1249:
1230:
1216:
1208:
786:Психиатрия: Краткое руководство для врачей
307:, autonomic syndrome, hostility syndrome,
1118:
1108:
915:
905:
648:
591:
589:
790:Psychiatry: A Brief Guide for Physicians
597:Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary
626:
624:
553:
38:or disorder. The word derives from the
377:also considered "genuine epilepsy" a "
268:(includes all personality disorders),
7:
1091:Jana, N; Barik, S; Arora, N (2009).
1047:American Journal of Medical Genetics
752:Психиатрия: Национальное руководство
437:In orbital mechanics and astronomy,
397:is commonly known as Down syndrome.
327:neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome
1242:used to describe disease conditions
201:Psychiatric syndromes often called
763:: ГЭОТАР-Медиа. pp. 306–330.
276:, stunned consciousness syndrome,
65:syndromes. About one third of all
14:
1204:- a repository of medical eponyms
855:The British Journal of Psychiatry
1097:BMC Medical Research Methodology
508:Even in syndromes with no known
990:Journal of Geophysical Research
757:Psychiatry: The National Manual
119:syndrome names are examples of
1167:Natelson, Benjamin H. (1998).
197:Psychiatry and psychopathology
1:
961:"#192350 - VATER Association"
359:speech-hallucinatory syndrome
305:obsessive-compulsive syndrome
1032:Mendelian Inheritance in Man
796:: СПбМАПО. pp. 86–119.
331:olfactory reference syndrome
203:psychopathological syndromes
152:neurodevelopmental disorders
940:"#214800 - CHARGE Syndrome"
784:Сметанников, П. Г. (1995).
697:"Definition of Subclinical"
1361:
1141:Lenn Evan Goodman (2003),
963:. Johns Hopkins University
942:. Johns Hopkins University
673:"subclinical - Wiktionary"
144:Teratology (dysmorphology)
18:
1247:
1030:McCusick, Victor (1986).
823:. Springer. p. 157.
270:clouding of consciousness
21:Syndrome (disambiguation)
720:Slack, R. C. B. (2012).
454:quantum error correction
432:seed dispersal syndromes
383:manic-depressive illness
294:encephalopathic syndrome
290:hypochondriacal syndrome
244:, hebephrenic syndrome,
236:, depressive syndrome),
79:Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome
1311:Acronym or abbreviation
1147:Oxford University Press
1010:10.1029/JA083iA06p02637
701:www.merriam-webster.com
83:Andersen–Tawil syndrome
1277:Differential diagnosis
1110:10.1186/1471-2288-9-18
907:10.1186/1747-5341-4-10
867:10.1192/bjp.68.282.295
301:psychoorganic syndrome
280:), hysteric syndrome,
266:psychopathic syndromes
132:differential diagnosis
888:Ghaemi S. N. (2009).
722:"Infective syndromes"
493:The Canon of Medicine
428:pollination syndromes
333:are also well-known.
95:premenstrual syndrome
1059:10.1002/ajmg.a.20460
849:Cole, S. J. (1922).
792:] (in Russian).
759:] (in Russian).
726:Medical Microbiology
424:behavioral syndromes
286:Korsakoff's syndrome
262:paraphrenic syndrome
91:toxic shock syndrome
30:is a set of medical
19:For other uses, see
1345:Medical terminology
1002:1978JGR....83.2637K
637:AMIA Annu Symp Proc
537:Sequence (medicine)
412:VACTERL association
319:Münchausen syndrome
230:emotional syndromes
106:genetic association
69:that are listed in
1256:Signs and symptoms
817:P. Pichot (2013).
474:form or not (e.g.
468:Stockholm syndrome
274:delirious syndrome
242:catatonic syndrome
226:obsessive syndrome
32:signs and symptoms
1327:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1307:Eponymous disease
1273:Medical diagnosis
996:(A6): 2637–2646.
830:978-1-4899-5049-9
770:978-5-9704-2030-0
735:978-0-7020-4089-4
677:en.wiktionary.org
522:List of syndromes
282:neurotic syndrome
278:oneiroid syndrome
238:Cotard's syndrome
222:asthenic syndrome
100:If an underlying
1352:
1250:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1209:
1189:
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1164:
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1143:Islamic Humanism
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1122:
1112:
1088:
1079:
1078:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1021:
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1018:
1012:. Archived from
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978:
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950:
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936:
930:
929:
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846:
835:
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794:Saint Petersburg
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739:
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708:
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693:
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684:
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669:
663:
662:
652:
628:
619:
618:
593:
584:
583:
558:
504:Underlying cause
439:Kessler syndrome
389:Medical genetics
211:mental disorders
191:medical genetics
176:General medicine
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1359:
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629:
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572:
560:
559:
555:
550:
518:
506:
498:Thomas Sydenham
485:
463:
443:low Earth orbit
420:
402:CHARGE syndrome
391:
339:
323:Ganser syndrome
313:apathy syndrome
207:psychopathology
199:
178:
173:
160:
121:medical eponyms
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1358:
1356:
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1234:
1227:
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1212:
1206:
1205:
1202:Whonamedit.com
1197:
1196:External links
1194:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1159:
1134:
1080:
1037:
1022:
1019:on 2011-05-15.
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462:
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419:
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390:
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343:Emil Kraepelin
338:
335:
309:manic syndrome
234:manic syndrome
232:(for example,
198:
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177:
174:
172:
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159:
156:
46:or cause that
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13:
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9:
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1278:
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1240:medical terms
1233:
1228:
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1221:
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1199:
1195:
1186:
1184:0-300-07401-8
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1155:0-19-513580-6
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1053:(3): 329–30.
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803:5-85077-025-9
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606:9781416062578
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571:9780751333831
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520:
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489:
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477:
476:Down syndrome
473:
469:
460:
458:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
426:, as well as
425:
417:
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413:
409:
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398:
396:
388:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
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357:syndrome and
356:
355:schizophrenic
352:
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332:
328:
324:
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316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
297:
295:
291:
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283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:Clérambault's
255:
251:
250:hallucinatory
247:
243:
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227:
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196:
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149:
148:birth defects
145:
141:
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133:
129:
124:
122:
118:
113:
111:
107:
103:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:Down syndrome
72:
68:
64:
60:
59:
55:
51:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
1305:
1288:
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1169:
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1100:
1096:
1050:
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1040:
1031:
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1014:the original
993:
989:
976:
965:. Retrieved
955:
944:. Retrieved
934:
897:
893:
883:
858:
854:
819:
812:
789:
785:
779:
756:
751:
744:
725:
715:
704:. Retrieved
700:
691:
680:. Retrieved
676:
667:
640:
636:
596:
561:
556:
507:
491:
486:
464:
451:
447:space debris
436:
421:
418:Other fields
405:
400:Until 2005,
399:
392:
375:Karl Jaspers
367:oligophrenic
340:
317:
298:
215:
202:
200:
183:encephalitis
179:
161:
158:Subsyndromal
125:
114:
99:
86:
57:
53:
49:
44:pathogenesis
27:
25:
165:subclinical
1334:Categories
1145:, p. 155,
967:2014-02-15
946:2014-02-15
706:2021-01-29
682:2021-01-29
548:References
472:possessive
395:trisomy 21
347:hysterical
246:delusional
67:phenotypes
48:the words
1340:Syndromes
1315:Remission
1281:Prognosis
875:0007-1250
615:706780870
527:Toxidrome
379:psychosis
363:epileptic
351:delirious
254:Kandinsky
187:hepatitis
140:automated
117:eponymous
63:inherited
1260:Syndrome
1129:19272131
1067:14994249
926:19627606
659:14728307
580:51643555
516:See also
510:etiology
488:Avicenna
371:dementia
136:sentient
128:nosology
87:syndrome
58:disorder
50:syndrome
28:syndrome
1294:Chronic
1264:Disease
1120:2667526
1075:8439955
998:Bibcode
917:2724409
650:1480257
643:: 802.
532:Symptom
483:History
337:History
102:genetic
54:disease
36:disease
1238:Basic
1181:
1153:
1127:
1117:
1103:: 18.
1073:
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924:
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900:: 10.
873:
827:
800:
767:
761:Moscow
732:
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647:
613:
603:
578:
568:
461:Naming
218:Russia
81:, and
56:, and
1290:Acute
1071:S2CID
1017:(PDF)
986:(PDF)
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