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of a complex product, multiple procedures in sequence may be required to synthesize the product of interest, requiring a large amount of time. Skill in organic synthesis is prized among chemists and the synthesis of exceptionally valuable or difficult compounds has won chemists such as
301:. If a chemical synthesis starts from basic laboratory compounds, it is considered a purely synthetic process. If it starts from a product isolated from plants or animals and then proceeds to new compounds, the synthesis is described as a
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Inorganic synthesis and organometallic synthesis are applied to the preparation of compounds with significant non-organic content. An illustrative example is the preparation of the anti-cancer drug
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247:, a chemical compound is synthesized by a series of individual chemical reactions, each with its own work-up. For example, a laboratory synthesis of
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Alderden, Rebecca A.; Hall, Matthew D.; Hambley, Trevor W. (1 May 2006). "The
Discovery and Development of Cisplatin".
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213:(in a laboratory setting) or as a percentage of the total theoretical quantity that could be produced based on the
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can be applied to formulate a desired product. This requires mixing the compounds in a reaction vessel, such as a
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Many strategies exist in chemical synthesis that are more complicated than simply converting a
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263:" one reactant experiences multiple transformations without isolation of intermediates.
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is an unwanted chemical reaction occurring which reduces the desired yield. The word
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Vogel, A.I.; Tatchell, A.R.; Furnis, B.S.; Hannaford, A.J.; Smith, P.W.G. (1996).
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176:) that will experience a transformation when subjected to certain conditions.
152:
151:
and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions. In modern
458:
450:
4933:
4235:
4100:
314:
259:
as many as 11 different reactants form a single reaction product and for a "
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980:
650:
240:
4068:
255:, multiple chemical transformations occur within a single reactant, for
4975:
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168:
148:
513:
284:
is a special type of chemical synthesis dealing with the synthesis of
3848:
434:
27:
Planned series of chemical reactions to produce desired product(s)
4950:
210:
206:
4072:
3852:
1024:
543:
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29:
323:
529:
478:
Advanced
Organic Chemistry Part B: Reactions and Synthesis
199:
The amount produced by chemical synthesis is known as the
465:
from the original on Jun 30, 2023 – via Zenodo.
3715:
Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino-acid synthesis
227:
was used first in a chemical context by the chemist
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4490:
4440:
4316:
4259:
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3622:
3449:
3084:
2599:
2094:
2011:
1891:
1771:
1723:
1033:
435:"Beiträge zur Kenntniss der gepaarten Verbindungen"
188:. Many reactions require some form of processing ("
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2776:Divinylcyclopropane-cycloheptadiene rearrangement
476:Carey, Francis A.; Sundberg, Richard J. (2013).
410:Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry
3036:Thermal rearrangement of aromatic hydrocarbons
1670:Thermal rearrangement of aromatic hydrocarbons
4084:
3864:
3765:Lectka enantioselective beta-lactam synthesis
555:
8:
3544:Inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction
1365:Heterogeneous metal catalyzed cross-coupling
2886:Lobry de Bruyn–Van Ekenstein transformation
251:can consist of three sequential parts. For
4091:
4077:
4069:
3871:
3857:
3849:
3446:
1720:
1021:
562:
548:
540:
162:A chemical synthesis involves one or more
3376:Petrenko-Kritschenko piperidone synthesis
2831:Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell rearrangement
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3539:Intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition
243:A to a reaction product B directly. For
403:
401:
397:
205:. Typically, yields are expressed as a
3559:Metal-centered cycloaddition reactions
3211:Debus–Radziszewski imidazole synthesis
1155:Bodroux–Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis
3705:Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition
3609:Vinylcyclopropane (5+2) cycloaddition
3514:Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition
3286:Hurd–Mori 1,2,3-thiadiazole synthesis
2781:Dowd–Beckwith ring-expansion reaction
1948:Hurd–Mori 1,2,3-thiadiazole synthesis
861:LFER solvent coefficients (data page)
7:
5006:
4039:
2516:Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation
1753:Methoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane
58:adding citations to reliable sources
5030:
2641:Allen–Millar–Trippett rearrangement
3780:Nitrone-olefin (3+2) cycloaddition
3775:Niementowski quinazoline synthesis
3564:Nitrone-olefin (3+2) cycloaddition
3489:Azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition
3351:Niementowski quinazoline synthesis
3106:Azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition
2411:Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction
1963:Leimgruber–Batcho indole synthesis
25:
3604:Trimethylenemethane cycloaddition
3306:Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction
3171:Cadogan–Sundberg indole synthesis
3151:Bohlmann–Rahtz pyridine synthesis
3111:Baeyer–Emmerling indole synthesis
1918:Cadogan–Sundberg indole synthesis
1410:Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction
139:) is the artificial execution of
5029:
5017:
5005:
4994:
4993:
4050:
4038:
4027:
4026:
3700:Cook–Heilbron thiazole synthesis
3529:Hexadehydro Diels–Alder reaction
3356:Niementowski quinoline synthesis
3186:Cook–Heilbron thiazole synthesis
3131:Bischler–Möhlau indole synthesis
3041:Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement
2671:Baker–Venkataraman rearrangement
1829:Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction
1500:Mizoroki-Heck vs. Reductive Heck
1385:Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction
896:Neighbouring group participation
439:Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie
34:
3236:Fiesselmann thiophene synthesis
3066:Westphalen–Lettré rearrangement
3046:Vinylcyclopropane rearrangement
2876:Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement
2521:Epoxidation of allylic alcohols
2431:Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation
2366:Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement
2041:Gallagher–Hollander degradation
412:(5th ed.). Prentice Hall.
45:needs additional citations for
3695:Chichibabin pyridine synthesis
3181:Chichibabin pyridine synthesis
3141:Blum–Ittah aziridine synthesis
2976:Ring expansion and contraction
1245:Cross dehydrogenative coupling
319:potassium tetrachloroplatinate
196:to isolate the final product.
1:
4358:Interface and colloid science
4112:Glossary of chemical formulae
3665:Bischler–Napieralski reaction
3623:Heterocycle forming reactions
3276:Hemetsberger indole synthesis
3136:Bischler–Napieralski reaction
3051:Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement
3021:Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement
3001:Seyferth–Gilbert homologation
2866:Ireland–Claisen rearrangement
2861:Hofmann–Martius rearrangement
2621:2,3-sigmatropic rearrangement
2236:Corey–Winter olefin synthesis
2161:Barton–McCombie deoxygenation
1804:Corey–Winter olefin synthesis
1758:Seyferth–Gilbert homologation
1625:Seyferth–Gilbert homologation
530:The Organic Synthesis Archive
3770:Lehmstedt–Tanasescu reaction
3730:Gabriel–Colman rearrangement
3685:Bucherer carbazole synthesis
3680:Borsche–Drechsel cyclization
3660:Bernthsen acridine synthesis
3645:Bamberger triazine synthesis
3630:Algar–Flynn–Oyamada reaction
3341:Nazarov cyclization reaction
3206:De Kimpe aziridine synthesis
3161:Bucherer carbazole synthesis
3156:Borsche–Drechsel cyclization
2926:Nazarov cyclization reaction
2906:Meyer–Schuster rearrangement
2836:Gabriel–Colman rearrangement
2586:Wolffenstein–Böters reaction
2471:Reduction of nitro compounds
2321:Grundmann aldehyde synthesis
2126:Algar–Flynn–Oyamada reaction
1535:Olefin conversion technology
1530:Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction
1325:Gabriel–Colman rearrangement
1215:Claisen-Schmidt condensation
1160:Bouveault aldehyde synthesis
365:Methods in Organic Synthesis
4635:Bioorganometallic chemistry
4122:List of inorganic compounds
4014:Volume combustion synthesis
3745:Hantzsch pyridine synthesis
3524:Enone–alkene cycloadditions
3346:Nenitzescu indole synthesis
3266:Hantzsch pyridine synthesis
3231:Ferrario–Ackermann reaction
2881:Kowalski ester homologation
2846:Halogen dance rearrangement
2691:Benzilic acid rearrangement
2116:Akabori amino-acid reaction
2076:Von Braun amide degradation
2021:Barbier–Wieland degradation
1973:Nenitzescu indole synthesis
1953:Kharasch–Sosnovsky reaction
1844:Julia–Kocienski olefination
1748:Kowalski ester homologation
1445:Kowalski ester homologation
1420:Julia–Kocienski olefination
1175:Cadiot–Chodkiewicz coupling
1100:Aza-Baylis–Hillman reaction
1045:Acetoacetic ester synthesis
756:Dynamic binding (chemistry)
746:Conrotatory and disrotatory
721:Charge remote fragmentation
5079:
4561:Dynamic covalent chemistry
4532:Enantioselective synthesis
4512:Physical organic chemistry
4465:Organolanthanide chemistry
3944:Enantioselective synthesis
3810:Robinson–Gabriel synthesis
3760:Kröhnke pyridine synthesis
3594:Retro-Diels–Alder reaction
3534:Imine Diels–Alder reaction
3321:Kröhnke pyridine synthesis
2936:Newman–Kwart rearrangement
2911:Mislow–Evans rearrangement
2821:Fischer–Hepp rearrangement
2766:Di-Ď€-methane rearrangement
2546:Stephen aldehyde synthesis
2281:Eschweiler–Clarke reaction
1998:Williamson ether synthesis
1315:Fujiwara–Moritani reaction
1220:Combes quinoline synthesis
1185:Carbonyl olefin metathesis
886:More O'Ferrall–Jencks plot
811:Grunwald–Winstein equation
781:Electron-withdrawing group
716:Catalytic resonance theory
270:
4989:
4150:Electroanalytical methods
4107:
4022:
3949:Fully automated synthesis
3894:Artificial gene synthesis
3820:Urech hydantoin synthesis
3800:Pomeranz–Fritsch reaction
3725:Fischer oxazole synthesis
3459:1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition
3431:Urech hydantoin synthesis
3401:Reissert indole synthesis
3386:Pomeranz–Fritsch reaction
3316:Knorr quinoline synthesis
3246:Fischer oxazole synthesis
3176:Camps quinoline synthesis
3096:1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition
2996:Semipinacol rearrangement
2971:Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction
2956:Piancatelli rearrangement
2896:McFadyen–Stevens reaction
2651:Alpha-ketol rearrangement
2406:McFadyen–Stevens reaction
2351:Kiliani–Fischer synthesis
2271:Elbs persulfate oxidation
2196:Bouveault–Blanc reduction
2156:Baeyer–Villiger oxidation
1988:Schotten–Baumann reaction
1864:Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction
1743:Kiliani–Fischer synthesis
1585:Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction
1570:Pinacol coupling reaction
1565:Piancatelli rearrangement
1460:Liebeskind–Srogl coupling
1310:Fujimoto–Belleau reaction
1027:List of organic reactions
891:Negative hyperconjugation
636:
578:
535:Natural product syntheses
299:Nobel Prize for Chemistry
257:multi-component reactions
143:to obtain one or several
4905:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
4821:Supramolecular chemistry
4460:Organometallic chemistry
3924:Custom peptide synthesis
3795:Pictet–Spengler reaction
3710:Einhorn–Brunner reaction
3675:Boger pyridine synthesis
3569:Oxo-Diels–Alder reaction
3484:Aza-Diels–Alder reaction
3381:Pictet–Spengler reaction
3281:Hofmann–Löffler reaction
3271:Hegedus indole synthesis
3241:Fischer indole synthesis
3116:Bartoli indole synthesis
3071:Willgerodt rearrangement
2901:McLafferty rearrangement
2811:Ferrier carbocyclization
2626:2,3-Wittig rearrangement
2616:1,2-Wittig rearrangement
2456:Parikh–Doering oxidation
2446:Oxygen rebound mechanism
2111:Adkins–Peterson reaction
2003:Yamaguchi esterification
1943:Hegedus indole synthesis
1908:Bartoli indole synthesis
1779:Bamford–Stevens reaction
1695:Weinreb ketone synthesis
1655:Stork enamine alkylation
1430:Knoevenagel condensation
1300:Ferrier carbocyclization
1190:Castro–Stephens coupling
816:Hammett acidity function
806:Free-energy relationship
751:Curtin–Hammett principle
736:Conformational isomerism
451:10.1002/jlac.18450540202
4843:Combinatorial chemistry
4754:Food physical chemistry
4717:Environmental chemistry
4601:Bioorthogonal chemistry
4527:Retrosynthetic analysis
4348:Chemical thermodynamics
4331:Spectroelectrochemistry
4274:Computational chemistry
3755:Knorr pyrrole synthesis
3690:Bucherer–Bergs reaction
3635:Allan–Robinson reaction
3614:Wagner-Jauregg reaction
3406:Ring-closing metathesis
3331:Larock indole synthesis
3311:Knorr pyrrole synthesis
3166:Bucherer–Bergs reaction
3031:Stieglitz rearrangement
3011:Skattebøl rearrangement
2981:Ring-closing metathesis
2841:Group transfer reaction
2806:Favorskii rearrangement
2746:Cornforth rearrangement
2676:Bamberger rearrangement
2581:Wolff–Kishner reduction
2401:Markó–Lam deoxygenation
2296:Fleming–Tamao oxidation
2291:Fischer–Tropsch process
1978:Oxymercuration reaction
1958:Knorr pyrrole synthesis
1784:Barton–Kellogg reaction
1690:Wagner-Jauregg reaction
1610:Ring-closing metathesis
1600:Reimer–Tiemann reaction
1590:Rauhut–Currier reaction
1505:Nef isocyanide reaction
1465:Malonic ester synthesis
1435:Knorr pyrrole synthesis
1370:High dilution principle
1305:Friedel–Crafts reaction
1240:Cross-coupling reaction
1165:Bucherer–Bergs reaction
1150:Blanc chloromethylation
1140:Blaise ketone synthesis
1115:Baylis–Hillman reaction
1110:Barton–Kellogg reaction
1085:Allan–Robinson reaction
991:Woodward–Hoffmann rules
726:Charge-transfer complex
4915:of element discoveries
4761:Agricultural chemistry
4749:Carbohydrate chemistry
4640:Bioinorganic chemistry
4505:Alkane stereochemistry
4450:Coordination chemistry
4279:Mathematical chemistry
4145:Instrumental chemistry
4004:Solvothermal synthesis
3954:Hydrothermal synthesis
3720:Feist–Benary synthesis
3494:Bradsher cycloaddition
3464:4+4 Photocycloaddition
3421:Simmons–Smith reaction
3366:Paternò–Büchi reaction
3226:Feist–Benary synthesis
3216:Dieckmann condensation
2966:Pummerer rearrangement
2946:Oxy-Cope rearrangement
2921:Myers allene synthesis
2871:Jacobsen rearrangement
2786:Electrocyclic reaction
2761:Demjanov rearrangement
2716:Buchner ring expansion
2686:Beckmann rearrangement
2666:Aza-Cope rearrangement
2661:Arndt–Eistert reaction
2636:Alkyne zipper reaction
2556:Transfer hydrogenation
2531:Sharpless oxyamination
2506:Selenoxide elimination
2391:Lombardo methylenation
2316:Griesbaum coozonolysis
2226:Corey–Itsuno reduction
2201:Boyland–Sims oxidation
2141:Angeli–Rimini reaction
1789:Boord olefin synthesis
1733:Arndt–Eistert reaction
1725:Homologation reactions
1525:Nitro-Mannich reaction
1440:Kolbe–Schmitt reaction
1250:Cross-coupling partner
1170:Buchner ring expansion
1090:Arndt–Eistert reaction
856:Kinetic isotope effect
603:Rearrangement reaction
328:
194:purification procedure
178:Various reaction types
4910:Timeline of chemistry
4807:Post-mortem chemistry
4792:Clandestine chemistry
4722:Atmospheric chemistry
4645:Biophysical chemistry
4477:Solid-state chemistry
4427:Equilibrium chemistry
4336:Photoelectrochemistry
3999:Solid-phase synthesis
3579:Pauson–Khand reaction
3416:Sharpless epoxidation
3371:Pechmann condensation
3251:Friedländer synthesis
3201:Davis–Beirut reaction
3056:Wallach rearrangement
3026:Stevens rearrangement
2961:Pinacol rearrangement
2941:Overman rearrangement
2856:Hofmann rearrangement
2851:Hayashi rearrangement
2816:Ferrier rearrangement
2771:Dimroth rearrangement
2756:Curtius rearrangement
2751:Criegee rearrangement
2731:Claisen rearrangement
2721:Carroll rearrangement
2656:Amadori rearrangement
2646:Allylic rearrangement
2526:Sharpless epoxidation
2261:Dess–Martin oxidation
2186:Bohn–Schmidt reaction
2046:Hofmann rearrangement
1849:Kauffmann olefination
1772:Olefination reactions
1710:Wurtz–Fittig reaction
1545:Palladium–NHC complex
1425:Kauffmann olefination
1380:Homologation reaction
1230:Corey–House synthesis
1210:Claisen rearrangement
1006:Yukawa–Tsuno equation
966:Swain–Lupton equation
946:Spherical aromaticity
881:Möbius–Hückel concept
666:Aromatic ring current
628:Substitution reaction
327:
295:Robert Burns Woodward
155:uses, the process is
4900:History of chemistry
4855:Chemical engineering
4630:Bioorganic chemistry
4380:Structural chemistry
4117:List of biomolecules
3919:Convergent synthesis
3899:Biomimetic synthesis
3785:Paal–Knorr synthesis
3655:Barton–Zard reaction
3599:Staudinger synthesis
3549:Ketene cycloaddition
3519:Diels–Alder reaction
3499:Cheletropic reaction
3479:Alkyne trimerisation
3361:Paal–Knorr synthesis
3326:Kulinkovich reaction
3301:Jacobsen epoxidation
3221:Diels–Alder reaction
3016:Smiles rearrangement
3006:Sigmatropic reaction
2891:Lossen rearrangement
2741:Corey–Fuchs reaction
2706:Boekelheide reaction
2701:Bergmann degradation
2631:Achmatowicz reaction
2416:Methionine sulfoxide
2216:Clemmensen reduction
2176:Bergmann degradation
2106:Acyloin condensation
2071:Strecker degradation
2026:Bergmann degradation
1993:Ullmann condensation
1859:Peterson olefination
1834:Hydrazone iodination
1814:Elimination reaction
1715:Zincke–Suhl reaction
1635:Sonogashira coupling
1595:Reformatsky reaction
1555:Peterson olefination
1520:Nierenstein reaction
1450:Kulinkovich reaction
1265:Diels–Alder reaction
1225:Corey–Fuchs reaction
1205:Claisen condensation
1075:Alkyne trimerisation
1050:Acyloin condensation
1016:ÎŁ-bishomoaromaticity
976:Thorpe–Ingold effect
588:Elimination reaction
349:Chemical engineering
261:telescopic synthesis
137:chemical combination
69:"Chemical synthesis"
54:improve this article
4923:The central science
4877:Ceramic engineering
4802:Forensic toxicology
4775:Chemistry education
4673:Radiation chemistry
4655:Interdisciplinarity
4608:Medicinal chemistry
4546:Fullerene chemistry
4422:Microwave chemistry
4291:Molecular mechanics
4286:Molecular modelling
3934:Divergent synthesis
3805:Prilezhaev reaction
3790:Pellizzari reaction
3469:(4+3) cycloaddition
3436:Van Leusen reaction
3411:Robinson annulation
3396:Pschorr cyclization
3391:Prilezhaev reaction
3121:Bergman cyclization
3076:Wolff rearrangement
3061:Weerman degradation
2951:Pericyclic reaction
2931:Neber rearrangement
2826:Fries rearrangement
2711:Brook rearrangement
2696:Bergman cyclization
2541:Staudinger reaction
2486:Rosenmund reduction
2476:Reductive amination
2441:Oppenauer oxidation
2231:Corey–Kim oxidation
2206:Cannizzaro reaction
2081:Weerman degradation
2056:Isosaccharinic acid
1968:Mukaiyama hydration
1824:Hofmann elimination
1809:Dehydrohalogenation
1794:Chugaev elimination
1615:Robinson annulation
1560:Pfitzinger reaction
1330:Gattermann reaction
1275:Wulff–Dötz reaction
1255:Dakin–West reaction
1180:Carbonyl allylation
1125:Bergman cyclization
911:Kennedy J. P. Orton
831:Hammond's postulate
801:Flippin–Lodge angle
771:Electromeric effect
696:Beta-silicon effect
681:Baker–Nathan effect
506:2006JChEd..83..728A
386:Automated synthesis
309:Inorganic synthesis
245:multistep synthesis
18:Multistep synthesis
5058:Chemical synthesis
4966:Chemical substance
4828:Chemical synthesis
4797:Forensic chemistry
4678:Actinide chemistry
4620:Clinical chemistry
4301:Molecular geometry
4296:Molecular dynamics
4251:Elemental analysis
4204:Separation process
3880:Chemical synthesis
3554:McCormack reaction
3504:Conia-ene reaction
3336:Madelung synthesis
3126:Biginelli reaction
2916:Mumm rearrangement
2801:Favorskii reaction
2736:Cope rearrangement
2726:Chan rearrangement
2491:Rubottom oxidation
2421:Miyaura borylation
2386:Lipid peroxidation
2381:Lindgren oxidation
2361:Kornblum oxidation
2356:Kolbe electrolysis
2301:Fukuyama reduction
2211:Carbonyl reduction
2061:Marker degradation
1923:Diazonium compound
1913:Boudouard reaction
1892:Carbon-heteroatom
1819:Grieco elimination
1605:Rieche formylation
1550:Passerini reaction
1480:Meerwein arylation
1400:Hydroxymethylation
1295:Favorskii reaction
1195:Chan rearrangement
1130:Biginelli reaction
1055:Aldol condensation
901:2-Norbornyl cation
876:Möbius aromaticity
871:Markovnikov's rule
766:Effective molarity
711:Bürgi–Dunitz angle
701:Bicycloaromaticity
433:Kolbe, H. (1845).
339:Beilstein database
329:
186:round-bottom flask
141:chemical reactions
133:Chemical synthesis
5045:
5044:
4981:Quantum mechanics
4946:Chemical compound
4929:Chemical reaction
4867:Materials science
4785:General chemistry
4780:Amateur chemistry
4708:Photogeochemistry
4693:Stellar chemistry
4663:Nuclear chemistry
4584:Molecular biology
4551:Polymer chemistry
4522:Organic synthesis
4517:Organic reactions
4482:Ceramic chemistry
4472:Cluster chemistry
4402:Chemical kinetics
4390:Molecular physics
4269:Quantum chemistry
4182:Mass spectrometry
4066:
4065:
3979:Peptide synthesis
3974:Organic synthesis
3969:One-pot synthesis
3904:Bioretrosynthesis
3846:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3830:Wohl–Aue reaction
3474:6+4 Cycloaddition
3291:Iodolactonization
2611:1,2-rearrangement
2576:Wohl–Aue reaction
2496:Sabatier reaction
2461:Pinnick oxidation
2426:Mozingo reduction
2371:Leuckart reaction
2326:Haloform reaction
2241:Criegee oxidation
2221:Collins oxidation
2171:Benkeser reaction
2166:Bechamp reduction
2136:Andrussow process
2121:Alcohol oxidation
2031:Edman degradation
1938:Haloform reaction
1887:
1886:
1874:Takai olefination
1839:Julia olefination
1665:Takai olefination
1540:Olefin metathesis
1415:Julia olefination
1340:Grignard reaction
1320:Fukuyama coupling
1235:Coupling reaction
1200:Chan–Lam coupling
1070:Alkyne metathesis
1065:Alkane metathesis
921:Phosphaethynolate
826:George S. Hammond
786:Electronic effect
741:Conjugated system
623:Stereospecificity
618:Stereoselectivity
583:Addition reaction
572:organic reactions
514:10.1021/ed083p728
376:Peptide synthesis
371:Organic synthesis
286:organic compounds
282:Organic synthesis
273:Organic synthesis
267:Organic synthesis
253:cascade reactions
147:. This occurs by
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
5070:
5033:
5032:
5021:
5009:
5008:
4997:
4996:
4941:Chemical element
4596:Chemical biology
4455:Magnetochemistry
4432:Mechanochemistry
4385:Chemical physics
4326:Electrochemistry
4231:Characterization
4093:
4086:
4079:
4070:
4054:
4042:
4041:
4030:
4029:
3964:Mechanosynthesis
3939:Electrosynthesis
3873:
3866:
3859:
3850:
3825:Wenker synthesis
3815:Stollé synthesis
3670:Bobbitt reaction
3640:Auwers synthesis
3584:Povarov reaction
3509:Cyclopropanation
3447:
3441:Wenker synthesis
3196:Darzens reaction
3146:Bobbitt reaction
2991:Schmidt reaction
2796:Enyne metathesis
2571:Whiting reaction
2566:Wharton reaction
2511:Shapiro reaction
2501:Sarett oxidation
2466:Prévost reaction
2276:Emde degradation
2086:Wohl degradation
2066:Ruff degradation
2036:Emde degradation
1933:Grignard reagent
1869:Shapiro reaction
1854:McMurry reaction
1721:
1685:Ullmann reaction
1650:Stollé synthesis
1640:Stetter reaction
1630:Shapiro reaction
1620:Sakurai reaction
1515:Negishi coupling
1495:Minisci reaction
1490:Michael reaction
1475:McMurry reaction
1470:Mannich reaction
1350:Hammick reaction
1345:Grignard reagent
1285:Enyne metathesis
1270:Doebner reaction
1260:Darzens reaction
1105:Barbier reaction
1095:Auwers synthesis
1022:
996:Woodward's rules
961:Superaromaticity
951:Spiroaromaticity
851:Inductive effect
846:Hyperconjugation
821:Hammett equation
761:Edwards equation
613:Regioselectivity
564:
557:
550:
541:
518:
517:
488:
482:
481:
473:
467:
466:
430:
424:
423:
405:
359:Electrosynthesis
215:limiting reagent
182:chemical reactor
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
5078:
5077:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5041:
4985:
4888:
4882:Polymer science
4838:Click chemistry
4833:Green chemistry
4727:Ocean chemistry
4703:Biogeochemistry
4649:
4565:
4537:Total synthesis
4500:Stereochemistry
4486:
4436:
4353:Surface science
4343:Thermochemistry
4312:
4255:
4226:Crystallography
4131:
4103:
4097:
4067:
4062:
4018:
4009:Total synthesis
3882:
3877:
3847:
3834:
3735:Gewald reaction
3618:
3445:
3426:Skraup reaction
3261:Graham reaction
3256:Gewald reaction
3087:
3080:
2602:
2595:
2551:Swern oxidation
2536:Stahl oxidation
2481:Riley oxidation
2436:Omega oxidation
2396:Luche reduction
2346:Jones oxidation
2311:Glycol cleavage
2306:Ganem oxidation
2251:Davis oxidation
2246:Dakin oxidation
2181:Birch reduction
2131:Amide reduction
2097:
2090:
2051:Hooker reaction
2013:
2007:
1895:
1893:
1883:
1879:Wittig reaction
1767:
1763:Wittig reaction
1738:Hooker reaction
1719:
1700:Wittig reaction
1675:Thorpe reaction
1660:Suzuki reaction
1645:Stille reaction
1580:Quelet reaction
1455:Kumada coupling
1405:Ivanov reaction
1395:Hydrovinylation
1375:Hiyama coupling
1335:Glaser coupling
1145:Blaise reaction
1135:Bingel reaction
1120:Benary reaction
1037:
1035:
1029:
1020:
916:Passive binding
836:Homoaromaticity
686:Baldwin's rules
661:Antiaromaticity
656:Anomeric effect
632:
574:
568:
526:
521:
490:
489:
485:
475:
474:
470:
432:
431:
427:
420:
407:
406:
399:
395:
390:
381:Total synthesis
354:Click chemistry
334:
311:
290:total synthesis
279:
271:Main articles:
269:
237:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5076:
5074:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5050:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5027:
5015:
5003:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4926:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4907:
4902:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4794:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4766:Soil chemistry
4758:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4744:Food chemistry
4741:
4739:Carbochemistry
4736:
4734:Clay chemistry
4731:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4695:
4689:Astrochemistry
4685:Cosmochemistry
4682:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4668:Radiochemistry
4659:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4625:Neurochemistry
4622:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4575:
4573:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4556:Petrochemistry
4553:
4548:
4543:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4496:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4457:
4452:
4446:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4417:Spin chemistry
4414:
4412:Photochemistry
4409:
4404:
4399:
4397:Femtochemistry
4394:
4393:
4392:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4322:
4320:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4271:
4265:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4209:Chromatography
4206:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4127:Periodic table
4124:
4119:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4073:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4048:
4036:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3989:Retrosynthesis
3986:
3984:Radiosynthesis
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3929:Direct process
3926:
3921:
3916:
3914:Chemosynthesis
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3853:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3740:Hantzsch ester
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3650:Banert cascade
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3589:Prato reaction
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2681:Banert cascade
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2601:Rearrangement
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2591:Zinin reaction
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2561:Wacker process
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2336:Hydrogenolysis
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2286:Étard reaction
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2191:Bosch reaction
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2100:
2096:Organic redox
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1928:Esterification
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1705:Wurtz reaction
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1575:Prins reaction
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1390:Hydrocyanation
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1360:Henry reaction
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1060:Aldol reaction
1057:
1052:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1034:Carbon-carbon
1031:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1011:Zaitsev's rule
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
956:Steric effects
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
637:
634:
633:
631:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
608:Redox reaction
605:
600:
595:
593:Polymerization
590:
585:
579:
576:
575:
569:
567:
566:
559:
552:
544:
538:
537:
532:
525:
524:External links
522:
520:
519:
494:J. Chem. Educ.
483:
468:
445:(2): 145–188.
425:
418:
396:
394:
391:
389:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
335:
333:
330:
310:
307:
268:
265:
236:
233:
202:reaction yield
159:and reliable.
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5075:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5038:
5037:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4971:Chemical bond
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4927:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4861:
4860:Stoichiometry
4858:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4826:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4816:Nanochemistry
4814:
4813:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4683:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4541:Semisynthesis
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4375:Sonochemistry
4373:
4371:
4370:Cryochemistry
4368:
4364:
4363:Micromeritics
4361:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4241:Wet chemistry
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4094:
4089:
4087:
4082:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4071:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4025:
4024:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3994:Semisynthesis
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3874:
3869:
3867:
3862:
3860:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3750:Herz reaction
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3451:Cycloaddition
3448:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3296:Isay reaction
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3191:Cycloaddition
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3086:Ring forming
3083:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2986:Rupe reaction
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2376:Ley oxidation
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2341:Hydroxylation
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2331:Hydrogenation
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2266:DNA oxidation
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2256:Deoxygenation
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:Aromatization
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2093:
2087:
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2079:
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2019:
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2016:
2010:
2004:
2001:
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1996:
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1983:Reed reaction
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1909:
1906:
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1900:
1898:
1894:bond forming
1890:
1880:
1877:
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1825:
1822:
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1812:
1810:
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1802:
1800:
1799:Cope reaction
1797:
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1526:
1523:
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1518:
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1510:Nef synthesis
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
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1491:
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1485:Methylenation
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1468:
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1381:
1378:
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1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1355:Heck reaction
1353:
1351:
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1341:
1338:
1336:
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1328:
1326:
1323:
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1256:
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1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
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1113:
1111:
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1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1036:bond forming
1032:
1028:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
1001:Y-aromaticity
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
986:Walsh diagram
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
971:Taft equation
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
941:ÎŁ-aromaticity
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
866:Marcus theory
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
841:HĂĽckel's rule
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
796:Evelyn effect
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
776:Electron-rich
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
691:Bema Hapothle
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
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657:
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652:
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635:
629:
626:
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619:
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611:
609:
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591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
577:
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565:
560:
558:
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533:
531:
528:
527:
523:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
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495:
487:
484:
479:
472:
469:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
429:
426:
421:
419:0-582-46236-3
415:
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402:
398:
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347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
331:
326:
322:
320:
316:
308:
306:
304:
303:semisynthetic
300:
296:
291:
287:
283:
278:
274:
266:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
234:
232:
230:
229:Hermann Kolbe
226:
222:
221:
220:side reaction
216:
212:
208:
204:
203:
197:
195:
191:
187:
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179:
175:
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124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
5034:
5022:
5010:
4998:
4848:Biosynthesis
4827:
4698:Geochemistry
4613:Pharmacology
4589:Cell biology
4579:Biochemistry
4407:Spectroscopy
4306:VSEPR theory
4155:Spectroscopy
4099:Branches of
4055:
4043:
4031:
3909:Biosynthesis
3879:
2791:Ene reaction
2151:Autoxidation
2012:Degradation
1903:Azo coupling
1680:Ugi reaction
1280:Ene reaction
1080:Alkynylation
931:Polyfluorene
926:Polar effect
791:Electrophile
706:Bredt's rule
676:Baird's rule
646:Alpha effect
497:
492:
486:
477:
471:
442:
438:
428:
409:
363:
344:Biosynthesis
312:
280:
277:biochemistry
244:
238:
224:
218:
200:
198:
184:or a simple
173:
167:
161:
157:reproducible
136:
132:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
5036:WikiProject
4261:Theoretical
4246:Calorimetry
1290:Ethenolysis
936:Ring strain
906:Nucleophile
731:Clar's rule
671:Aromaticity
480:. Springer.
249:paracetamol
5052:Categories
4872:Metallurgy
4571:Biological
4137:Analytical
3574:Ozonolysis
3101:Annulation
2451:Ozonolysis
570:Topics in
500:(5): 728.
393:References
332:Also visit
288:. For the
235:Strategies
166:(known as
153:laboratory
110:March 2016
80:newspapers
5063:Chemistry
4934:Catalysis
4442:Inorganic
4236:Titration
4101:chemistry
3088:reactions
2603:reactions
2098:reactions
2014:reactions
1896:reactions
1038:reactions
459:0075-4617
315:cisplatin
305:process.
225:synthesis
174:reactants
164:compounds
5000:Category
4956:Molecule
4893:See also
4318:Physical
4033:Category
981:Vinylogy
651:Annulene
598:Reagents
463:Archived
241:reactant
169:reagents
149:physical
145:products
5012:Commons
4976:Alchemy
4492:Organic
4045:Commons
641:A value
502:Bibcode
190:work-up
94:scholar
5024:Portal
4170:UV-Vis
4057:Portal
457:
416:
192:") or
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4197:MALDI
4165:Raman
3959:LASiS
3887:Types
317:from
211:grams
101:JSTOR
87:books
4951:Atom
4219:HPLC
455:ISSN
414:ISBN
275:and
217:. A
207:mass
73:news
4961:Ion
4192:ICP
4175:NMR
510:doi
447:doi
209:in
172:or
56:by
5054::
4691:/
4687:/
4539:/
4214:GC
4187:EI
4160:IR
508:.
498:83
461:.
453:.
443:54
441:.
437:.
400:^
321:.
297:a
231:.
4925:"
4921:"
4092:e
4085:t
4078:v
3872:e
3865:t
3858:v
563:e
556:t
549:v
516:.
512::
504::
449::
422:.
135:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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