Multiverse - Knowledge (XXG)

2377:"In some worlds there is no sun and moon, in others they are larger than in our world, and in others more numerous. The intervals between the worlds are unequal; in some parts there are more worlds, in others fewer; some are increasing, some at their height, some decreasing; in some parts they are arising, in others falling. They are destroyed by collision one with another. There are some worlds devoid of living creatures or plants or any moisture." ... Only an infinite number of atoms could have created the complexity of the known world by their random motions... In this sense, the atomist-multiverse theory of antiquity presents a striking parallel to the situation in science today. The Greek atomists' theory of the ultimate nature of matter on the smallest scales implied the existence of multiple universes on cosmic scales. Modern science's most popular attempt to describe the fundamental nature of matter—superstring theory—also turns out (much to the theorists' surprise) to imply a vast multiplicity of vacuum states, essentially the same thing as predicting the existence of a multiverse. 7833: 721:. It has evolved and has been debated in various fields, including cosmology, physics, and philosophy. Some physicists argue that the multiverse is a philosophical notion rather than a scientific hypothesis, as it cannot be empirically falsified. In recent years, there have been proponents and skeptics of multiverse theories within the physics community. Although some scientists have analyzed data in search of evidence for other universes, no statistically significant evidence has been found. Critics argue that the multiverse concept lacks testability and falsifiability, which are essential for scientific inquiry, and that it raises unresolved metaphysical issues. 2408:

moving atoms, the same type of indivisible particles of which matter on Earth was composed... Given the occurrence of these natural processes, and the obvious example of potential stability revealed in our own finite world, it was not unreasonable to suppose the existence of other stable conglomerations. The atomists further employed the principle that when causes were present, effects must occur.6 Atoms were the agents of causality and their number was infinite. The effect was innumerable worlds in formation, in collision, and in decay."

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universes, credibility reaches a limit. As one slips down that slope, more and more must be accepted on faith, and less and less is open to scientific verification. Extreme multiverse explanations are therefore reminiscent of theological discussions. Indeed, invoking an infinity of unseen universes to explain the unusual features of the one we do see is just as ad hoc as invoking an unseen Creator. The multiverse theory may be dressed up in scientific language, but in essence, it requires the same leap of faith.

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this signal is noise, and not really a signal at all; however, it is also possible that it exists because a parallel universe dumped some of its matter particles into our universe. If additional protons and electrons had been added to our universe during recombination, more atoms would have formed, more photons would have been emitted during their formation, and the signature line that arose from all of these emissions would be greatly enhanced. Chary himself is skeptical:

2873:; Arnaud, M.; Ashdown, M.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Balbi, A.; Banday, A. J.; Barreiro, R. B.; Battaner, E.; Benabed, K.; Benoit-Levy, A.; Bernard, J. -P.; Bersanelli, M.; Bielewicz, P.; Bikmaev, I.; Bobin, J.; Bock, J. J.; Bonaldi, A.; Bond, J. R.; Borrill, J.; Bouchet, F. R.; Burigana, C.; Butler, R. C.; Cabella, P.; Cardoso, J. -F.; Catalano, A.; Chamballu, A.; et al. (20 March 2013). "Planck intermediate results. XIII. Constraints on peculiar velocities". 6234: 1689: 1334: 7781: 618: 1945:. Which is simpler, the whole set or just one number? Naively, you might think that a single number is simpler, but the entire set can be generated by quite a trivial computer program, whereas a single number can be hugely long. Therefore, the whole set is actually simpler... (Similarly), the higher-level multiverses are simpler. Going from our universe to the Level I multiverse eliminates the need to specify 95: 7791: 736:. Brian Greene's nine types of multiverses include quilted, inflationary, brane, cyclic, landscape, quantum, holographic, simulated, and ultimate. The ideas explore various dimensions of space, physical laws, and mathematical structures to explain the existence and interactions of multiple universes. Some other multiverse concepts include twin-world models, cyclic theories, M-theory, and 1953:, and the Level IV multiverse eliminates the need to specify anything at all... A common feature of all four multiverse levels is that the simplest and arguably most elegant theory involves parallel universes by default. To deny the existence of those universes, one needs to complicate the theory by adding experimentally unsupported processes and ad hoc postulates: 7821: 630: 7845: 3533:

with ours being picked out by the anthropic principle. Hawking argued that string theory is unlikely to predict the distinctive features of the Universe. But neither is he is an advocate of God. He therefore opts for the last approach, favoring the type of multiverse which arises naturally within the context of his own work in quantum cosmology.

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Tegmark argues that a Level III multiverse does not contain more possibilities in the Hubble volume than a Level I or Level II multiverse. In effect, all the different "worlds" created by "splits" in a Level III multiverse with the same physical constants can be found in some Hubble volume in a Level

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In looking at this concept, we need an open mind, though not too open. It is a delicate path to tread. Parallel universes may or may not exist; the case is unproved. We are going to have to live with that uncertainty. Nothing is wrong with scientifically based philosophical speculation, which is what

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which is definable in purely formal terms (independent of vague human terminology) is also a mathematical structure. For instance, a TOE involving a set of different types of entities (denoted by words, say) and relations between them (denoted by additional words) is nothing but what mathematicians

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scientists believe existed in the very early universe. This signal—an emission line that arose from the formation of atoms during the era of recombination—is more consistent with a universe whose ratio of matter particles to photons is about 65 times greater than our own. There is a 30% chance that

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that describe them. The different universes within the multiverse are called "parallel universes", "flat universes", "other universes", "alternate universes", "multiple universes", "plane universes", "parent and child universes", "many universes", or "many worlds". One common assumption is that the

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Some physicists would prefer to believe that string theory, or M-theory, will answer these questions and uniquely predict the features of the Universe. Others adopt the view that the initial state of the Universe is prescribed by an outside agency, code-named God, or that there are many universes,

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The earliest hints of the multiverse are found in two ancient Greek schools of thought, the Atomists and the Stoics. The Atomists, whose philosophy dates to the fifth century B.C., argued that that the order and beauty of our world was the accidental product of atoms colliding in an infinite void.

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In any given set of possible universes – e.g. in terms of histories or variables of nature – not all may be ever realized, and some may be realized many times. For example, over infinite time there could, in some potential theories, be infinite universes, but only a small or relatively small real

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Why should other worlds have become the subject of scientific discourse, when they were neither among the phenomena demanding explanation?... it derived from the cosmogonic assumption of ancient atomism: the belief that the constituent bodies of the cosmos are formed by the chance coalescence of

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For a start, how is the existence of the other universes to be tested? To be sure, all cosmologists accept that there are some regions of the universe that lie beyond the reach of our telescopes, but somewhere on the slippery slope between that and the idea that there is an infinite number of

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have proposed different classification schemes for multiverses and universes. Tegmark's four-level classification consists of Level I: an extension of our universe, Level II: universes with different physical constants, Level III: many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, and Level IV:

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Stoeger, Ellis, and Kircher note that in a true multiverse theory, "the universes are then completely disjoint and nothing that happens in any one of them is causally linked to what happens in any other one. This lack of any causal connection in such multiverses really places them beyond any

1982:, in that the vast majority of possible organisms will never be realized". On the other hand, some scientists, theories and popular works conceive of a multiverse in which the universes are so similar that humanity exists in many equally real separate universes but with varying histories. 835:

gave a lecture in which he jocularly warned his audience that what he was about to say might "seem lunatic". He said that when his equations seemed to describe several different histories, these were "not alternatives, but all really happen simultaneously". This sort of duality is called

1362:. According to the MWI, each of these possible observations corresponds to a different universe, with some or many of the interpretation's proponents suggesting that these universes are as real as ours. Suppose a six-sided dice is thrown and that the result of the throw corresponds to 1398:, this is because global spacetime appearing in the (eternally) inflating multiverse is a redundant concept. This implies that the multiverses of Levels I, II, and III are, in fact, the same thing. This hypothesis is referred to as "Multiverse = Quantum Many Worlds". According to 6905: 4518:(2002): The Speed Prior: A New Simplicity Measure Yielding Near-Optimal Computable Predictions. Proc. 15th Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory (COLT 2002), Sydney, Australia, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 216–228. Springer: 1563:) which floats in a higher dimension or "bulk". In this bulk, there are other membranes with their own universes. These universes can interact with one another, and when they collide, the violence and energy produced is more than enough to give rise to a 1294:

theory, the multiverse or space as a whole is stretching and will continue doing so forever, but some regions of space stop stretching and form distinct bubbles (like gas pockets in a loaf of rising bread). Such bubbles are embryonic level I multiverses.

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These theories require the presence of 10 or 11 spacetime dimensions respectively. The extra six or seven dimensions may either be compactified on a very small scale, or our universe may simply be localized on a dynamical (3+1)-dimensional object, a

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and ontological asymmetry. Our judgment therefore comes down to which we find more wasteful and inelegant: many worlds or many words. Perhaps we will gradually get used to the weird ways of our cosmos and find its strangeness to be part of its

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Leucippus and Democritus believed that their atomic theory required an infinity of worlds... Their later follower, Epicurus of Samos, also professed the reality of multiple worlds. "There are infinite worlds both like and unlike this world of

1567:. The branes float or drift near each other in the bulk, and every few trillion years, attracted by gravity or some other force we do not understand, collide and bang into each other. This repeated contact gives rise to multiple or "cyclic" 1458:

He argues that this "implies that any conceivable parallel universe theory can be described at Level IV" and "subsumes all other ensembles, therefore brings closure to the hierarchy of multiverses, and there cannot be, say, a Level V."

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number of universes where humanity could exist and only one where it ever does exist (with a unique history). It has been suggested that a universe that "contains life, in the form it has on Earth, is in a certain sense radically non-

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Schmidhuber explicitly includes universe representations describable by non-halting programs whose output bits converge after a finite time, although the convergence time itself may not be predictable by a halting program, due to the

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A pervasive idea in fundamental physics and cosmology that should be retired: the notion that we live in a multiverse in which the laws of physics and the properties of the cosmos vary randomly from one patch of space to

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Similarly, all Level II bubble universes with different physical constants can, in effect, be found as "worlds" created by "splits" at the moment of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a Level III multiverse. According to

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via interactions between the two worlds. The "mirror world" would contain copies of all existing fundamental particles. Another twin/pair-world or "bi-world" cosmology is shown to theoretically be able to solve the

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Arthur Schopenhauer, "Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung" (in German), supplement to the 4th book "Von der Nichtigkeit und dem Leiden des Lebens" (in German). see also R. B. Haldane and J. Kemp's translation

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finely tuned, permitting the existence of life with developed consciousness. Thus, while the probability might be extremely small that any particular universe would have the requisite conditions for life

859:(WMAP) data and claimed to find evidence suggesting that this universe collided with other (parallel) universes in the distant past. However, a more thorough analysis of data from the WMAP and from the 4998: 6810: 3466: 1097:, writing in August 2011, provided a criticism of the multiverse, and pointed out that it is not a traditional scientific theory. He accepts that the multiverse is thought to exist far beyond the 1914:. Critics argue that to postulate an almost infinite number of unobservable universes, just to explain our own universe, is contrary to Occam's razor. However, proponents argue that in terms of 1519:

universe. With an infinite amount of space, every possible event will occur an infinite number of times. However, the speed of light prevents us from being aware of these other identical areas.

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suggested that the world eternally expired and regenerated, effectively suggesting the existence of multiple universes across time. The concept of multiple universes became more defined in the

4348:"Parallel universes. Not just a staple of science fiction, other universes are a direct implication of cosmological observations.", Tegmark, Max, Scientific American. May 2003; 288 (5): 40–51. 1755:). However, the respective universes do not exist at once but are forming or following in a logical order or sequence, with key natural constituents potentially varying between universes (see 219: 1937:

content. The algorithmic information content in a number is, roughly speaking, the length of the shortest computer program that will produce that number as output. For example, consider the

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As skeptical as I am, I think the contemplation of the multiverse is an excellent opportunity to reflect on the nature of science and on the ultimate nature of existence: why we are here.

1228:. The four levels of Tegmark's classification are arranged such that subsequent levels can be understood to encompass and expand upon previous levels. They are briefly described below. 891:

Many other regions beyond our observable universe would exist with each such region governed by a different set of physical parameters than the ones we have measured for our universe.

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In brief, one aspect of quantum mechanics is that certain observations cannot be predicted absolutely. Instead, there is a range of possible observations, each with a different

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in the sixth century BCE. However, there is debate as to whether he believed in multiple worlds, and if he did, whether those worlds were co-existent or successive.

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and the simplicity of the multiverse versus a single universe arise, with proponents like Max Tegmark arguing that the multiverse is simpler and more elegant. The

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David Deutsch (1997). "The Ends of the Universe". The Fabric of Reality: The Science of Parallel Universes—and Its Implications. London, England: Penguin Press.

1267:, there will eventually be Hubble volumes with similar, and even identical, configurations. Tegmark estimates that an identical volume to ours should be about 1540: 1667:-type scenarios where the perceived universe is either simulated in a low-resource way or not perceived directly by the virtual/simulated inhabitant species. 660: 4209: 1599:. The universes bounce back and pass through time until they are pulled back together and again collide, destroying the old contents and creating them anew. 7196: 1930: 1366:

quantum mechanics. All six possible ways the dice can fall correspond to six different universes. In the case of the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment,

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Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan; Ge, Fei; Knox, Lloyd (18 May 2022). "Symmetry of Cosmological Observables, a Mirror World Dark Sector, and the Hubble Constant".

3458: 1871:), then some of these universes (even if very few) would have the combination of laws and fundamental parameters that are suitable for the development of 7895: 7794: 2141: 1615:

spaces. Quantum fluctuations drop the shapes to a lower energy level, creating a pocket with a set of laws different from that of the surrounding space.

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reside. In Level I they live elsewhere in good old three-dimensional space. In Level III they live on another quantum branch in infinite-dimensional

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blog post that parallel universes would have to remain a science fiction dream for the time being, based on the scientific evidence available to us.

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issue that cannot be resolved by empirical science. He argues that observational testing is at the core of science and should not be abandoned:

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In 2015, an astrophysicist may have found evidence of alternate or parallel universes by looking back in time to a time immediately after the

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Given infinite space, there would be an infinite number of Hubble volumes identical to ours in the universe. This follows directly from the

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Bousso, Raphael; Harlow, Daniel; Senatore, Leonardo (2015). "Inflation after False Vacuum Decay: Observational Prospects after Planck".

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exists on complex computer systems that simulate entire universes. A related hypothesis, as put forward as a possibility by astronomer

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suggests that the existence of a multitude of universes, each with different physical laws, could explain the asserted appearance of

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Feeney, Stephen M.; et al. (2011). "First observational tests of eternal inflation: Analysis methods and WMAP 7-year results".

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in the many-worlds interpretation, where a branching of the universe occurs through a superposition of two quantum mechanical states

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for conscious life. The weak anthropic principle posits that we exist in one of the few universes that support life. Debates around

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In the 1990s, after recent works of fiction about the concept gained popularity, scientific discussions about the multiverse and

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Parhizkar, Alireza; Galitski, Victor (2 May 2022). "Strained bilayer graphene, emergent energy scales, and moir\'e gravity".

1875:, astronomical structures, elemental diversity, stars, and planets that can exist long enough for life to emerge and evolve. 1322: 1206:

have devised classification schemes for the various theoretical types of multiverses and universes that they might comprise.

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If there were a large (possibly infinite) number of universes, each with possibly different physical laws (or different

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on his book, "Many Worlds in One: The Search for Other Universes" on the podcast and public radio interview program

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Nomura, Yasunori; Johnson, Matthew C.; Mortlock, Daniel J.; Peiris, Hiranya V. (2012). "Static quantum multiverse".

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Stoeger, W. R.; Ellis, G. F. R.; Kirchner, U. (19 January 2006). "Multiverses and Cosmology: Philosophical Issues".

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could then be applied to conclude that we (as conscious beings) would only exist in one of those few universes that

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This level considers all universes to be equally real which can be described by different mathematical structures.

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is derived from the theory that the surface area of a space can encode the contents of the volume of the region.

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argues that the inference of a multiverse to explain the apparent fine-tuning of the universe is an example of

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Scientists who are generally skeptical of the concept of a multiverse or popular multiverse hypotheses include

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The atomic collisions also give rise to an endless number of other, parallel worlds less perfect than our own.

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is often much simpler than one of its members. This principle can be stated more formally using the notion of

1612: 7349: 7178: 6990: 6970: 6744: 6739: 6684: 6679: 6664: 6633: 6613: 6407: 6163: 5905: 5189: 3052: 1934: 1780: 1608: 1571:. This particular hypothesis falls under the string theory umbrella as it requires extra spatial dimensions. 1367: 1337: 1263:, almost all will differ from our Hubble volume. However, because there are infinitely many, far beyond the 351: 231: 5377: 7760: 7460: 7400: 7369: 7137: 7020: 7010: 6980: 6820: 6704: 6608: 6473: 6368: 5845: 5658: 5592: 5351: 4360: 3646:

Ijjas, Anna; Loeb, Abraham; Steinhardt, Paul (February 2017), "Cosmic Inflation Theory Faces Challenges",

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Visible nature is all plasticity and indifference, a multiverse, as one might call it, and not a universe.

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Accordingly, an infinite universe will contain an infinite number of Hubble volumes, all having the same

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Ellis says that scientists have proposed the idea of the multiverse as a way of explaining the nature of

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According to some, the idea of infinite worlds was first suggested by the pre-Socratic Greek philosopher

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The Universe Next Door: A Journey Through 55 Alternative Realities, Parallel Worlds and Possible Futures

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The first to whom we can definitively attribute the concept of innumerable worlds are the Ancient Greek

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The concept of multiple universes, or a multiverse, has been discussed throughout history, including

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I multiverse. Tegmark writes that, "The only difference between Level I and Level III is where your

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collision. In addition, there was no evidence of any gravitational pull of other universes on ours.

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Ellis, George; Silk, Joe (16 December 2014), "Scientific Method: Defend the Integrity of Physics",

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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

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existing as one of possibly many universes inside a larger universe. This includes the theory of

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The concept first appeared in the modern scientific context in the course of the debate between

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creates a new universe when a diversion in events occurs, as in the real-worlds variant of the

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multiverse is a "patchwork quilt of separate universes all bound by the same laws of physics."

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Bousso, Raphael; Susskind, Leonard (2012). "Multiverse interpretation of quantum mechanics".

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The Number of the Heavens: A History of the Multiverse and the Quest to Understand the Cosmos

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are a way of explaining probability and hypothetical statements. Some philosophers, such as

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Nomura, Yasunori (2011). "Physical theories, eternal inflation, and the quantum universe".

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The signature that Chary has isolated may be a consequence of incoming light from distant

864: 561: 496: 481: 466: 451: 441: 305: 5759: 3459:"Why Revive 'Cosmos?' Neil DeGrasse Tyson Says Just About Everything We Know Has Changed" 1729:: two interacting worlds with a large Λ each could result in a small shared effective Λ. 1713: 1531:

is composed of various pockets in which inflation fields collapse and form new universes.

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Unusual claims like evidence for alternate universes require a very high burden of proof.

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also argues against the idea of a multiverse, claiming that they are "bad for science."

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Boyle, Latham; Finn, Kieran; Turok, Neil (20 December 2018). "CPT-Symmetric Universe".

4600:"Our universe has antimatter partner on the other side of the Big Bang, say physicists" 3839: 3834: 3818: 3813: 2870: 2005: 1895:

as an explanation for the conditions in the Universe that promote our existence in it.

1883: 1664: 1391: 1333: 1109: 878:, found a signal 4,500 times brighter than it should have been, based on the number of 546: 506: 5075: 4856: 4291: 4144: 3883: 3659: 3118: 7859: 7765: 7725: 7435: 7046: 7036: 6940: 6427: 6153: 6063: 5450: 5441: 5404: 5324: 5142: 5133: 5098: 4864: 4785: 4418: 3798: 3372: 3289: 2931: 2855: 2268: 2055: 2013: 1861: 1786: 1451: 1406: 1379: 1245: 1132:. He points out that it ultimately leaves those questions unresolved because it is a 1039: 1027: 1011: 956: 821: 810: 760: 531: 516: 416: 4698: 4043:

Farewell to Reality: How Modern Physics Has Betrayed the Search for Scientific Truth

3745: 2809: 2748: 17: 7849: 7527: 7317: 7274: 7005: 6925: 6865: 6840: 6777: 6081: 5988: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5860: 5774: 5501: 5373: 5312: 4983: 4769: 4682: 4627:"Why some physicists really think there's a 'mirror universe' hiding in space-time" 4314: 3435: 3415: 2912: 2793: 1954: 1738: 1588: 1505: 1466: 1252: 1203: 1133: 1007: 948: 936: 728: 706: 536: 511: 486: 471: 327: 2995:

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2904: 4041: 3304: 7464: 7056: 6955: 6930: 6915: 6422: 6148: 5764: 5701: 5642: 5548: 5505: 5329:"Quantum theory, the Church–Turing principle and the universal quantum computer" 5013:

Science & the Search for Meaning: Perspectives from International Scientists

4036: 3364: 3006: 1997:

one does not need to adopt a MWI in which all of the branches are equally real.

1922: 1726: 1679:

contains every mathematically possible universe under different laws of physics.

1359: 1217: 1199: 1188: 1105: 1071: 1055: 1051: 999: 972: 952: 940: 803: 772: 724: 702: 284: 277: 5458: 4519: 4503: 4410: 3737: 3281: 2847: 2740: 2684:"Is Our Universe Inside a Bubble? First Observational Test of the 'Multiverse'" 2193: 7470: 7415: 7051: 6805: 6628: 6564: 5998: 5933: 5855: 5157: 3681: 3173:"Inflation in Supergravity and String Theory: Brief History of the Multiverse" 3141: 2762:

Feeney; et al. (2011). "First observational tests of eternal inflation".

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offered a variety of arguments that multiverse hypotheses are non-scientific:

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3605: 2982:"Cosmologist thinks a strange signal may be evidence of a parallel universe" 2963: 2392:

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2070: – Truths and principles of the study of matter, space, time and energy 2046: – Term used to model separate circumstances that cannot exist together 2031: 1990: 1693: 1214: 1129: 944: 795: 783: 476: 63: 5465:, November 1994 – Touches on multiverse concepts at the end of the article. 5365: 5267: 5249: 5083: 4777: 4690: 4462: 4299: 3980: 3891: 3790: 3667: 3126: 2801: 2034: – Branch of science or a theory concerning the origin of the universe 1700:

There are models of two related universes that e.g. attempt to explain the

1116:

Many physicists who talk about the multiverse, especially advocates of the

1070:

opinion piece, "A Brief History of the Multiverse", author and cosmologist

5160:(28 April 2022). "Biocosmology: Biology from a cosmological perspective". 7501: 6643: 6569: 6385: 6076: 5875: 5789: 5711: 5423: 5115: 5058: 4905: 4481: 4274: 4193: 3101: 2037: 1918:

the proposed multiverse is simpler than a single idiosyncratic universe.

1797: 1772: 1744: 1656: 1596: 1568: 1564: 1516: 1278:, wherein it is assumed that our Hubble volume is not special or unique. 1035: 883: 871: 791: 779: 682: 209: 111: 104: 3706:

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Our Mathematical Universe: My Quest for the Ultimate Nature of Reality

2578:"Erwin Schrödinger and the Quantum Revolution by John Gribbin: review" 927:

Modern proponents of one or more of the multiverse hypotheses include

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Mukhanov, Viatcheslav (2014). "Inflation without Selfreproduction".

1852:

The concept of other universes has been proposed to explain how our

1785:

A multiverse of a somewhat different kind has been envisaged within

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2531: 2076: – Branch of philosophy relating to spatiality and temporality 6522: 6395: 6249: 5800: 4946:

Pathria, R. K. (1 December 1972). "The Universe as a Black Hole".

4393: 3773: 3347: 3264: 3053:"Transcript:A Physicist Explains Why Parallel Universes May Exist" 2887: 2830: 2776: 2723: 2612: 2142:"We are closer than ever to finally proving the multiverse exists" 1801: 1687: 1592: 1574: 1560: 1559:

version postulates that our entire universe exists on a membrane (

1534: 1332: 1175:

In May 2020, astrophysicist Ethan Siegel expressed criticism in a

686: 5097:

Ellis, G. F. R.; Kirchner, U.; Stoeger, W. R. (21 January 2004).

2958:"Study may have found evidence of alternate, parallel universes" 1469:

and that it admits only universe representations describable by

1112:

is a major concern, but he is opposed to that line of thinking:

813:

used the term "multiverse" in 1895, but in a different context.

690: 6253: 5804: 5521: 3578:

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3547:"Have Some Scientists Gotten Too Excited About the Multiverse?" 3142:"Inflationary Cosmology: Is Our Universe Part of a Multiverse?" 1145:

multiverse proposals are. But we should name it for what it is.

5517: 5480: 2509: 2120:, many parallel structures may exist within the same universe. 4713:"Mirror world of dark particles could explain cosmic anomaly" 3612:. 2014 : WHAT SCIENTIFIC IDEA IS READY FOR RETIREMENT?. 798:(1st century BCE). In the third century BCE, the philosopher 4801:"Bilayer graphene inspires two-universe cosmological model" 3682:"Is Nature Simple? 2018 Breakthrough Prize Symposium Panel" 2194:"The Text of Simplicius' Commentary on Aristotle's Physics" 1302:, which results in different properties, such as different 855:

Around 2010, scientists such as Stephen M. Feeney analyzed

4170:"Our Improbable Existence Is No Evidence for a Multiverse" 2348:(PhD). Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh. 1547:

Animation showing the multiple brane universes in the bulk

1329:

Level III: Many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics

1259:. In regard to configurations such as the distribution of 919:, or even from clouds of dust surrounding our own galaxy. 4520:

IDSIA – Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence

4504:

IDSIA – Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence

4463:

IDSIA – Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence

2927:"Blow for 'dark flow' in Planck's new view of the cosmos" 1743:

In several theories, there is a series of, in some cases

5156:

Cortês, Marina; Kauffman, Stuart A.; Liddle, Andrew R.;

4500:

International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science

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Pathria, R. K. (1972). "The Universe as a Black Hole".

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Curd, Patricia; Graham, Daniel W. (27 October 2008).

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both outcomes would be "real" in at least one "world"

1282:

Level II: Universes with different physical constants

2426:

Worlds Without End: The Many Lives of the Multiverse

2088: – Thought experiment proposed by Hilary Putnam 7688: 7668: 7601: 7515: 7484: 7388: 7303: 7260: 7251: 7187: 7166: 7130: 7085: 7078: 7029: 6786: 6765: 6758: 6652: 6592: 6538: 6352: 6287: 6191: 6136: 6118: 6095: 6062: 6055: 5997: 5962: 5919: 5838: 5730: 5687: 5651: 5628: 5591: 5555: 2952: 2950: 2634:"Astronomers Find First Evidence Of Other Universe" 1989:in the many-worlds interpretation (MWI) of quantum 1910:Proponents and critics disagree about how to apply 1150:George Ellis, "Does the Multiverse Really Exist?", 4344: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4120: 4040: 3855: 3306:Many Worlds in One: The Search for Other Universes 2655:Tegmark, Max; Vilenkin, Alexander (19 July 2011). 2140: 1084:Paul Davies, "A Brief History of the Multiverse", 5410:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 5103:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 3245: 3243: 2064: – Universe coexisting with another universe 1747:, self-sustaining cycles – typically a series of 4574:"What if we're living in a computer simulation?" 3914:"The Multiverse: Conjecture, Proof, and Science" 3995:"Can Physics Ever Prove the Multiverse is Real" 3545:Geek's Guide to the Galaxy (9 September 2022). 2334: 2332: 2237:"Infinite Worlds in the Thought of Anaximander" 1927: 1436: 1138: 1114: 1076: 903: 889: 757:many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics 5477:Interview with Tufts cosmologist Alex Vilenkin 5011:Trinh, Xuan Thuan (2006). Staune, Jean (ed.). 2447: 2445: 2094: – Theories about the end of the universe 1987:debate about whether the other worlds are real 1898:An early form of this reasoning is evident in 1244:universe, which, being infinite, must contain 6265: 5816: 5533: 4131:. Vol. 305, no. 2. pp. 38–43. 4015:Frank, Adam; Gleiser, Marcelo (5 June 2015). 2428:. Columbia University Press. pp. 40–69. 2395:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 6–10. 2315:. Oxford University Press. pp. 239–241. 2312:The Oxford Handbook of Presocratic Philosophy 2082: – Concept of a false version of reality 654: 8: 5336:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 5319:(2007 ed.). Cambridge University Press. 3641: 3639: 3637: 2552:. In Kragh, Helge; Longair, Malcolm (eds.). 2365:. 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Cambridge University Press. p. 19. 2420:Rubenstein, Mary-Jane (11 February 2014). 1141: 809:The American philosopher and psychologist 661: 647: 261: 135: 93: 77: 5440: 5422: 5355: 5257: 5231: 5165: 5132: 5114: 5057: 4904: 4883: 4838: 4751: 4664: 4480: 4392: 4273: 4237:"Multiverse Theories Are Bad for Science" 4192: 4010: 4008: 3970: 3772: 3719: 3346: 3328: 3326: 3263: 3100: 3059:(Interview). Interviewed by Terry Gross. 3028:(Interview). Interviewed by Terry Gross. 2886: 2829: 2775: 2722: 2508:, 1895; and earlier in 1895, as cited in 2198:Simplicius. Sa vie, son oeuvre, sa survie 2636:. technologyreview.com. 13 December 2010 1756: 1515:The quilted multiverse works only in an 59:Hypothetical group of multiple universes 32:This is an accepted version of this page 7816: 2132: 2109: 1062:Arguments against multiverse hypotheses 292: 264: 156: 85: 28: 7016:Writers and Illustrators of the Future 3469:from the original on 13 September 2014 3063:from the original on 13 September 2014 3032:from the original on 13 September 2014 2869:Collaboration, Planck; Ade, P. A. R.; 2288:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 121. 1789:and its higher-dimensional extension, 4999:"On the Vanity and Suffering of Life" 4119:Ellis, George F. R. (1 August 2011). 3854:Ellis, George F. R. (1 August 2011). 3152:from the original on 11 December 2021 2171:. London: New Scientist. p. 12. 1822:is a cosmological model in which the 1804:which could support other universes. 1692:Concept of a twin universe, with the 1579:Cosmos animation of a cyclic universe 1508:discussed nine types of multiverses: 1232:Level I: An extension of our universe 852:articles about it gained prominence. 7: 5405:"Multiverses and physical cosmology" 5099:"Multiverses and physical cosmology" 4438:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 2605:"The Real Science of the Multiverse" 2512:'s new 2003 entry for "multiverse": 2452:Sedacca, Matthew (30 January 2017). 2359:Siegfried, Tom (17 September 2019). 2282:Gregory, Andrew (25 February 2016). 2040: – Endless time or timelessness 1834:, which are on the opposite side of 1450:model, and one can generally find a 1353:interpretations of quantum mechanics 857:Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 790:in the 5th century BCE, followed by 5015:. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: 4122:"Does the Multiverse Really Exist?" 4070:"A Brief History of the Multiverse" 3857:"Does the Multiverse Really Exist?" 3007:"Does God exist in the multiverse?" 2548:Ćirković, Milan M. (6 March 2019). 2454:"The Multiverse Is an Ancient Idea" 1891:), those conditions do not require 1663:. Other related hypotheses include 1351:(MWI) is one of several mainstream 5573:Novikov self-consistency principle 3616:from the original on 10 March 2014 2422:"Ancient Openings of Multiplicity" 2235:Kočandrle, Radim (December 2019). 1921:For example, multiverse proponent 1290:theory, which is a variant of the 1248:realizing all initial conditions. 389:2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey ("2dF") 57: 7896:Hypothetical astronomical objects 6238:Template:Quantum mechanics topics 5076:10.1038/scientificamerican0503-40 4857:10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.L022027 4292:10.1038/scientificamerican0503-40 4145:10.1038/scientificamerican0811-38 4093:A Brief History of the Multiverse 4017:"A Crisis at the Edge of Physics" 3884:10.1038/scientificamerican0811-38 3660:10.1038/scientificamerican0217-32 3488:Carroll, Sean (18 October 2011). 3189:from the original on 14 July 2014 3171:Linde, Andrei (27 January 2012). 3119:10.1038/scientificamerican0503-40 3051:Greene, Brian (24 January 2011). 3020:Greene, Brian (24 January 2011). 2690:. sciencedaily.com. 3 August 2011 2657:"The Case for Parallel Universes" 2116:In some models, such as those of 1723:cosmological constant (Λ) problem 1704:– why there was more matter than 1224:of universes beyond the familiar 910:Ranga-Ram Chary, "Universe Today" 604:Timeline of cosmological theories 369:Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) 7843: 7831: 7819: 7789: 7780: 7779: 6364:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic 6233: 6232: 5954:Topological quantum field theory 5583:Quantum mechanics of time travel 5563:Chronology protection conjecture 5442:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07261.x 5134:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07261.x 4358:"First Second of the Big Bang". 4313:Tegmark, Max (23 January 2003). 2488:Scientific American Blog Network 2389:Dick, Steven J. (29 June 1984). 1426:mathematical universe hypothesis 1240:is the existence of an infinite 628: 617: 616: 5939:Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity 3993:Scoles, Sarah (19 April 2016), 3457:Freeman, David (4 March 2014). 3429:Fox, Killian (27 August 2022). 2514:James, William (October 1895), 2339:Hatleback, Eric Nelson (2014). 1973:Possible worlds and real worlds 749:fine-tuning of our own universe 384:Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) 237:Future of an expanding universe 7741:Science and technology studies 6144:Causal dynamical triangulation 6012:Black hole information paradox 4770:10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.201301 4683:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.251301 4625:Letzter, Rafi (23 June 2020). 4089:Davies, Paul (12 April 2003). 4068:Davies, Paul (12 April 2003). 3516:Carr, Bernard (21 June 2007). 3335:Journal of High Energy Physics 2794:10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.071301 2603:Romeo, Jess (7 January 2022). 1869:fundamental physical constants 599:History of the Big Bang theory 395:Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy 1: 6110:Wheeler–DeWitt equation 5679:Parallel universes in fiction 4208:Siegel, Ethan (22 May 2020). 3309:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2092:Ultimate fate of the universe 2086:Twin Earth thought experiment 2062:Parallel universes in fiction 2058: – Philosophical concept 1428:is Tegmark's own hypothesis. 1300:spontaneous symmetry breaking 591:Discovery of cosmic microwave 242:Ultimate fate of the universe 6032:Cosmic censorship hypothesis 5851:Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism 5689:Philosophy of space and time 5188:. 4 May 2022. Archived from 4934:Elements of String Cosmology 3833:Woit, Peter (14 June 2015). 2875:Astronomy & Astrophysics 2285:Anaximander: A Re-assessment 2074:Philosophy of space and time 2052: – Concept in cosmology 1595:that have collided, causing 896:Ranga-Ram Chary, "USA Today" 7285:Space stations and habitats 5496:– an episode of the series 4547:Loeb, Avi (December 2021). 3812:Woit, Peter (9 June 2015). 3490:"Welcome to the Multiverse" 2905:10.1051/0004-6361/201321299 2556:. 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(May 2003). 4827:Physical Review Research 4361:How The Universe Works 3 2192:Tarán, Leonardo (1987), 1880:weak anthropic principle 1769:Introduction to M-theory 1471:constructive mathematics 379:Planck space observatory 165:Gravitational wave (GWB) 62:Not to be confused with 39:latest accepted revision 7886:Astronomical hypotheses 7609:Artificial intelligence 7507:Simulated consciousness 6164:Noncommutative geometry 5911:Weinberg–Witten theorem 5906:Trans-Planckian problem 5317:Universe or Multiverse? 4805:Joint Quantum Institute 4740:Physical Review Letters 4653:Physical Review Letters 3761:Fortschritte der Physik 3365:10.1007/JHEP11(2011)063 3303:Vilenkin, Alex (2007). 3140:Guth, Alan (May 2014). 2897:2014A&A...561A..97P 2764:Physical Review Letters 2516:"Is Life Worth Living?" 2482:Siegfried, Tom (2019). 2241:The Classical Quarterly 1935:algorithmic information 1781:String theory landscape 1529:inflationary multiverse 1441:is so general that any 1323:fecund universes theory 1309:Level II also includes 923:Proponents and skeptics 232:Inhomogeneous cosmology 7876:Science fiction themes 7761:Technology and society 6629:Science Fiction Museum 5846:AdS/CFT correspondence 5742:closed timelike curves 5593:Time travel in fiction 5486:18 August 2020 at the 5366:10.1098/rspa.1985.0070 5250:10.1098/rsta.2018.0107 5212:Zurek, Wojciech Hubert 3912:Ellis, George (2012). 3791:10.1002/prop.201400074 3606:"Theories of Anything" 3518:Universe or Multiverse 1970: 1959:wave function collapse 1697: 1641:holographic multiverse 1580: 1548: 1456: 1454:that it is a model of. 1341: 1311:John Archibald Wheeler 1276:cosmological principle 1158: 1126: 1092: 977:Laura Mersini-Houghton 913: 899: 767:History of the concept 7360:Organ transplantation 6619:Libraries and museums 6540:Cyberpunk derivatives 6494:Utopian and dystopian 6072:Bosonic string theory 5984:Semiclassical gravity 5881:Holographic principle 5871:Gravitational anomaly 5790:Traversable wormholes 5568:Closed timelike curve 5281:Lewis, David (1986). 4432:Tegmark, Max (2014). 3572:Davies, Paul (2008). 2342:Chimera of the Cosmos 2167:Swain, Frank (2017). 2068:Philosophy of physics 2028: – Area of study 1916:Kolmogorov complexity 1905: 1889:as we understand life 1864:as we experience it. 1826:is the interior of a 1757:§ Anthropic principle 1725:, closely related to 1691: 1631:of quantum mechanics. 1578: 1546: 1499:theoretical physicist 1336: 1271:meters away from us. 1172:scientific support". 323:Large-scale structure 301:Shape of the universe 7711:Fictional technology 7706:Fictional astronauts 7563:Frankenstein complex 6105:Loop quantum gravity 5964:Quantum field theory 5601:Timelines in fiction 5017:Templeton Foundation 4932:Maurizio Gasperini, 4258:"Parallel Universes" 3930:on 13 September 2014 3626:Theories of Anything 1814:Black-hole cosmology 1808:Black-hole cosmology 1661:theory of everything 1653:simulated multiverse 1609:landscape multiverse 1439:Abstract mathematics 1315:oscillatory universe 1265:cosmological horizon 1099:cosmological horizon 1020:Viatcheslav Mukhanov 738:black-hole cosmology 635:Astronomy portal 593:background radiation 570:List of cosmologists 69:For other uses, see 18:Multiverse (science) 7891:Anthropic principle 7751:Speculative fiction 7345:Genetic engineering 5974:Bunch–Davies vacuum 5966:in curved spacetime 5866:Faddeev–Popov ghost 5638:Grandfather paradox 5463:Scientific American 5433:2004MNRAS.347..921E 5401:Stoeger, William R. 5348:1985RSPSA.400...97D 5287:. Basil Blackwell. 5242:2018RSPTA.37680107Z 5125:2004MNRAS.347..921E 5068:2003SciAm.288e..40T 5046:Scientific American 4960:1972Natur.240..298P 4849:2022PhRvR...4b2027P 4762:2022PhRvL.128t1301C 4675:2018PhRvL.121y1301B 4553:Scientific American 4403:2012PhRvD..86h3505N 4284:2003SciAm.288e..40T 4262:Scientific American 4242:Scientific American 4174:Scientific American 4137:2011SciAm.305a..38E 4128:Scientific American 3963:2014Natur.516..321E 3876:2011SciAm.305a..38E 3863:Scientific American 3783:2015ForPh..63...36M 3730:2008PhRvD..77f3516G 3648:Scientific American 3400:1972Natur.240..298P 3357:2011JHEP...11..063N 3274:2012PhRvD..85d5007B 3111:2003SciAm.288e..40T 3089:Scientific American 2960:. www.usatoday.com. 2840:2015PhRvD..91h3527B 2786:2011PhRvL.107g1301F 2733:2011PhRvD..84d3507F 2662:Scientific American 2506:The Will to Believe 1900:Arthur Schopenhauer 1848:Anthropic principle 1842:Anthropic principle 1824:observable universe 1708:at the beginning – 1694:beginning (of time) 1677:ultimate multiverse 1226:observable universe 1184:Scientific American 1153:Scientific American 996:Sabine Hossenfelder 981:Neil deGrasse Tyson 844:Search for evidence 745:anthropic principle 335:Structure formation 227:Friedmann equations 117:Age of the universe 81:Part of a series on 29:Page version status 7871:Physical cosmology 7578:Message from space 7543:Ancient astronauts 7431:Parallel universes 7406:Extrasolar planets 7313:Biological warfare 6435:Parallel universes 6317:Scientific romance 6159:Group field theory 6087:Superstring theory 6042:Firewall (physics) 5736:general relativity 5659:Alternative future 5652:Parallel timelines 5630:Temporal paradoxes 5606:in science fiction 5397:Ellis, George F.R. 5226:(2123): 20180107. 4919:Richard J. Szabo, 4316:Parallel Universes 4075:The New York Times 4022:The New York Times 3463:huffingtonpost.com 2026:Beyond black holes 1951:physical constants 1947:initial conditions 1893:intelligent design 1714:Hubble constant (H 1698: 1625:quantum multiverse 1581: 1549: 1463:Jürgen Schmidhuber 1342: 1304:physical constants 1257:physical constants 1087:The New York Times 965:Alexander Vilenkin 794:(341–270 BCE) and 374:Dark Energy Survey 318:Large quasar group 87:Physical cosmology 35: 7881:Quantum mechanics 7804: 7803: 7696:Alternate history 7684: 7683: 7645:Simulated reality 7375:Sex and sexuality 7328:Extraterrestrials 7247: 7246: 7074: 7073: 7070: 7069: 6811:Campbell Memorial 6588: 6587: 6457:Planetary romance 6247: 6246: 6204:Eternal inflation 6199:Quantum cosmology 6187: 6186: 5979:Hawking radiation 5944:Liouville gravity 5798: 5797: 5750:Alcubierre metric 5664:Alternate history 5294:978-0-631-22426-6 5026:978-1-59947-102-0 4954:(5379): 298–299. 4799:Bedford, Bailey. 4502:13 (4): 587–612. 4381:Physical Review D 4366:Discovery Science 4054:978-1-60598-472-8 4039:(1 August 2013). 3957:(7531): 321–323, 3708:Physical Review D 3394:(5379): 298–299. 3252:Physical Review D 2962:por Doyle Rice, " 2818:Physical Review D 2711:Physical Review D 2563:978-0-19-254997-6 2435:978-0-231-15662-2 2402:978-0-521-31985-0 2372:978-0-674-97588-0 2322:978-0-19-972244-0 2295:978-1-4725-0625-2 2080:Simulated reality 1995:Quantum Darwinism 1684:Twin-world models 1589:cyclic multiverse 1544: 1475:computer programs 1338:Schrödinger's cat 1288:eternal inflation 1024:Michael S. Turner 901:Chary also noted: 833:Erwin Schrödinger 782:, beginning with 734:ultimate ensemble 671: 670: 342: 341: 184: 183: 47:16 September 2024 16:(Redirected from 7903: 7848: 7847: 7846: 7836: 7835: 7824: 7823: 7822: 7815: 7793: 7783: 7782: 7621:Astroengineering 7553:Evil corporation 7280:Matrioshka brain 7258: 7197:List of TV shows 7083: 6763: 6597: 6467:Sword and planet 6357: 6274: 6267: 6260: 6251: 6236: 6235: 6060: 6022:Bekenstein bound 5839:Central concepts 5825: 5818: 5811: 5802: 5785:van Stockum dust 5697:Butterfly effect 5542: 5535: 5528: 5519: 5454: 5444: 5426: 5424:astro-ph/0305292 5392: 5390: 5388: 5382: 5376:. 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Archived from 3918: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3859: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3776: 3756: 3750: 3749: 3723: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3678: 3672: 3670: 3643: 3632: 3631: 3623: 3621: 3604:(9 March 2014). 3602:Steinhardt, Paul 3598: 3592: 3591: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3542: 3536: 3535: 3513: 3507: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3408:10.1038/240298a0 3383: 3377: 3376: 3350: 3330: 3321: 3320: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3267: 3247: 3238: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3217:www.e-reading.ws 3214: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3188: 3177: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3104: 3102:astro-ph/0302131 3084: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3017: 3011: 3010: 3002: 2996: 2993: 2987: 2985: 2978: 2967: 2961: 2954: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2923: 2917: 2916: 2890: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2833: 2813: 2779: 2759: 2753: 2752: 2726: 2706: 2700: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2680: 2674: 2673: 2671: 2669: 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7746:Sense of wonder 7680: 7664: 7597: 7593:Xenoarchaeology 7568:Galactic empire 7523:Africanfuturism 7511: 7480: 7384: 7299: 7243: 7183: 7162: 7126: 7066: 7025: 6788: 6782: 6754: 6648: 6584: 6534: 6511:Techno-thriller 6479:Climate fiction 6447:Science fantasy 6401:Anime and manga 6348: 6307:Anthropological 6283: 6281:Science fiction 6278: 6248: 6243: 6242: 6220: 6209:FRW/CFT duality 6183: 6132: 6114: 6091: 6051: 5993: 5965: 5958: 5915: 5834: 5832:Quantum gravity 5829: 5799: 5794: 5780:Tipler cylinder 5739: 5726: 5683: 5647: 5624: 5587: 5551: 5546: 5488:Wayback Machine 5473: 5468: 5395: 5386: 5384: 5383:on 9 March 2016 5380: 5331: 5323: 5311: 5307: 5305:Further reading 5302: 5295: 5280: 5279: 5275: 5210: 5209: 5205: 5195: 5193: 5180: 5179: 5175: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5096: 5095: 5091: 5039: 5038: 5034: 5027: 5019:. p. 186. 5010: 5009: 5005: 4995: 4991: 4945: 4944: 4940: 4931: 4927: 4918: 4914: 4898: 4897: 4893: 4877: 4876: 4872: 4824: 4823: 4819: 4809: 4807: 4798: 4797: 4793: 4737: 4736: 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7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7736:Rubber science 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7716:Future history 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7692: 7690: 7686: 7685: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7678: 7672: 7670: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7617: 7616: 7605: 7603: 7599: 7598: 7596: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7538:Alien language 7535: 7533:Alien invasion 7530: 7525: 7519: 7517: 7513: 7512: 7510: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7497:Mind uploading 7494: 7488: 7486: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7392: 7390: 7386: 7385: 7383: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7355:Nanotechnology 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7336: 7335: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7309: 7307: 7301: 7300: 7298: 7297: 7292: 7290:Stellar engine 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7266: 7264: 7255: 7249: 7248: 7245: 7244: 7242: 7241: 7236: 7235: 7234: 7229: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7193: 7191: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7181: 7176: 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Schmidhuber 4508: 4496:J. Schmidhuber 4488: 4467: 4459:J. Schmidhuber 4451: 4444: 4424: 4371: 4350: 4332: 4305: 4248: 4228: 4200: 4179: 4157: 4111: 4099:New York Times 4081: 4060: 4053: 4028: 4004: 3985: 3941: 3904: 3846: 3840:Not Even Wrong 3825: 3819:Not Even Wrong 3804: 3751: 3721:hep-th/0609095 3698: 3673: 3633: 3593: 3586: 3564: 3537: 3526: 3508: 3480: 3449: 3421: 3378: 3322: 3315: 3295: 3239: 3222: 3210:"e-reading.ws" 3208:Kaku, Michio. 3200: 3163: 3132: 3074: 3043: 3012: 2997: 2988: 2968: 2946: 2935:. 3 April 2013 2918: 2861: 2754: 2701: 2675: 2647: 2625: 2595: 2584:. 5 April 2012 2569: 2562: 2540: 2532:10.1086/205378 2520:Int. J. Ethics 2497: 2474: 2441: 2434: 2412: 2401: 2381: 2371: 2351: 2328: 2321: 2301: 2294: 2274: 2247:(2): 483–500. 2227: 2214: 2184: 2177: 2159: 2131: 2123: 2122: 2108: 2107: 2100: 2097: 2096: 2095: 2089: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2053: 2047: 2041: 2035: 2029: 2021: 2018: 2002: 1999: 1974: 1971: 1964: 1907: 1904: 1884:happened to be 1862:conscious life 1856:appears to be 1846:Main article: 1843: 1840: 1812:Main article: 1809: 1806: 1764: 1761: 1737:Main article: 1734: 1731: 1715: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1673: 1669: 1668: 1665:brain in a vat 1649: 1645: 1644: 1637: 1633: 1632: 1621: 1617: 1616: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1585: 1573: 1572: 1553: 1533: 1532: 1525: 1521: 1520: 1513: 1494: 1491: 1483:undecidability 1421: 1418: 1414:interpretation 1392:Raphael Bousso 1330: 1327: 1283: 1280: 1246:Hubble volumes 1233: 1230: 1211: 1208: 1196: 1193: 1147: 1110:falsifiability 1081: 1068:New York Times 1063: 1060: 1006:, Anna Ijjas, 924: 921: 907: 893: 845: 842: 768: 765: 669: 668: 666: 665: 658: 651: 643: 640: 639: 638: 637: 625: 611: 610: 607: 606: 601: 596: 589: 586: 581: 580: 577: 576: 573: 572: 565: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 413: 412: 409: 408: 405: 404: 401: 400: 393: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 355: 350: 349: 346: 345: 340: 339: 338: 337: 325: 320: 315: 303: 295: 294: 290: 289: 288: 287: 275: 267: 266: 260: 253: 252: 249: 248: 245: 244: 239: 234: 229: 217: 212: 199: 192: 191: 188: 187: 182: 181: 180: 179: 177:Neutrino (CNB) 167: 159: 158: 154: 153: 152: 151: 134: 132:Early universe 131: 130: 127: 126: 125: 124: 119: 114: 99: 98: 90: 89: 83: 82: 58: 56: 36: 30: 27: 25: 24: 23: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7908: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7863: 7861: 7851: 7841: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7827: 7817: 7813: 7808: 7796: 7792: 7788: 7786: 7778: 7777: 7773: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7726:Magic realism 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7687: 7677: 7674: 7673: 7671: 7667: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7615: 7612: 7611: 7610: 7607: 7606: 7604: 7602:Technological 7600: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7583:Transhumanism 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7558:First contact 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7514: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7485:Psychological 7483: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7466: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7456:Teleportation 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7436:Portable hole 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7387: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7334: 7331: 7330: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7306: 7302: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7267: 7265: 7263: 7262:Architectural 7259: 7256: 7254: 7250: 7240: 7237: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7224: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7190: 7186: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7171: 7169: 7165: 7159: 7158:Short stories 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7129: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7112: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7092: 7090: 7088: 7084: 7081: 7077: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7034: 7032: 7028: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6981:Tähtivaeltaja 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6785: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6764: 6761: 6757: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6651: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6598: 6595: 6591: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6554: 6551: 6550: 6549: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6537: 6531: 6528: 6524: 6521: 6520: 6519: 6516: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6503: 6502: 6499: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6476: 6475: 6472: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6449: 6448: 6445: 6441: 6438: 6437: 6436: 6433: 6429: 6428:Space Western 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6415: 6414: 6413:Space warfare 6411: 6409: 6406: 6402: 6399: 6398: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6375: 6372: 6371: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6361: 6358: 6355: 6351: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6304: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6275: 6270: 6268: 6263: 6261: 6256: 6255: 6252: 6239: 6231: 6228: 6227: 6223: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6201: 6200: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6190: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6154:Dual graviton 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6135: 6129: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6117: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6094: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6064:String theory 6061: 6058: 6054: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5996: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5967: 5961: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5918: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5843: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5826: 5821: 5819: 5814: 5812: 5807: 5806: 5803: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5627: 5619: 5616: 5615: 5614: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5590: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5560: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5543: 5538: 5536: 5531: 5529: 5524: 5523: 5520: 5513: 5510: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5492: 5489: 5485: 5482: 5478: 5475: 5474: 5470: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5411: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5313:Carr, Bernard 5310: 5309: 5304: 5296: 5290: 5286: 5285: 5277: 5274: 5269: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5207: 5204: 5192:on 4 May 2022 5191: 5187: 5183: 5177: 5174: 5168: 5163: 5159: 5152: 5149: 5144: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5093: 5090: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5036: 5033: 5028: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5007: 5004: 5000: 4993: 4990: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4942: 4939: 4935: 4929: 4926: 4922: 4916: 4913: 4907: 4902: 4895: 4892: 4886: 4881: 4874: 4871: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4821: 4818: 4806: 4802: 4795: 4792: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4734: 4731: 4719:. 31 May 2022 4718: 4717:Physics World 4714: 4708: 4705: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4647: 4644: 4632: 4628: 4621: 4618: 4605: 4604:Physics World 4601: 4595: 4592: 4579: 4575: 4569: 4566: 4554: 4550: 4543: 4540: 4536: 4535: 4528: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4512: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4489: 4483: 4478: 4471: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4455: 4452: 4447: 4445:9780307599803 4441: 4437: 4436: 4428: 4425: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4387:(8): 083505. 4386: 4382: 4375: 4372: 4367: 4363: 4362: 4354: 4351: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4318: 4317: 4309: 4306: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4249: 4244: 4243: 4238: 4232: 4229: 4217: 4216: 4211: 4204: 4201: 4195: 4190: 4183: 4180: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4158: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4129: 4123: 4115: 4112: 4100: 4096: 4094: 4085: 4082: 4077: 4076: 4071: 4064: 4061: 4056: 4050: 4045: 4044: 4038: 4032: 4029: 4024: 4023: 4018: 4011: 4009: 4005: 4000: 3996: 3989: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3945: 3942: 3926: 3922: 3915: 3908: 3905: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3864: 3858: 3850: 3847: 3842: 3841: 3836: 3829: 3826: 3821: 3820: 3815: 3808: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3755: 3752: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3714:(6): 063516. 3713: 3709: 3702: 3699: 3687: 3683: 3677: 3674: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3597: 3594: 3589: 3587:9780547348469 3583: 3579: 3575: 3568: 3565: 3552: 3548: 3541: 3538: 3534: 3529: 3527:9780521848411 3523: 3519: 3512: 3509: 3497: 3496: 3491: 3484: 3481: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3453: 3450: 3438: 3437: 3432: 3425: 3422: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3382: 3379: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3318: 3316:9780374707149 3312: 3308: 3307: 3299: 3296: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3258:(4): 045007. 3257: 3253: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3235:0-7139-9061-9 3232: 3226: 3223: 3218: 3211: 3204: 3201: 3185: 3181: 3180:ctc.cam.ac.uk 3174: 3167: 3164: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3136: 3133: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3075: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3047: 3044: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3016: 3013: 3008: 3001: 2998: 2992: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2959: 2953: 2951: 2947: 2934: 2933: 2932:New Scientist 2928: 2922: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2865: 2862: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2824:(8): 083527. 2823: 2819: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2770:(7): 071301. 2769: 2765: 2758: 2755: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2705: 2702: 2689: 2688:Science Daily 2685: 2679: 2676: 2664: 2663: 2658: 2651: 2648: 2635: 2629: 2626: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2599: 2596: 2583: 2582:The Telegraph 2579: 2573: 2570: 2565: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2511: 2507: 2501: 2498: 2494: 2489: 2485: 2478: 2475: 2471: 2459: 2455: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2416: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2398: 2394: 2393: 2385: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2368: 2364: 2363: 2355: 2352: 2344: 2343: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2305: 2302: 2297: 2291: 2287: 2286: 2278: 2275: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2231: 2228: 2217: 2215:9783110862041 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2188: 2185: 2180: 2178:9781473658677 2174: 2170: 2163: 2160: 2148: 2147:New Scientist 2143: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2119: 2113: 2110: 2106: 2105: 2098: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2056:Modal realism 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2023: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2014:modal realism 2011: 2007: 2001:Modal realism 2000: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1981: 1972: 1963: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1926: 1924: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1912:Occam's razor 1906:Occam's razor 1903: 1901: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1849: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1815: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1793: 1792: 1788: 1787:string theory 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1740: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1696:in the middle 1695: 1690: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1591:has multiple 1590: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1577: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1551: 1550: 1530: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1500: 1497:The American 1490: 1488: 1484: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1453: 1452:formal system 1449: 1444: 1440: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424:The ultimate 1419: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1408: 1407:H. 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Pegasus. 3557:16 February 2984:. phys.org. 2871:Aghanim, N. 2609:JSTOR Daily 2010:David Lewis 1985:There is a 1967:Max Tegmark 1923:Max Tegmark 1832:white holes 1818:Black-hole 1753:Big Bounces 1727:dark energy 1636:Holographic 1360:probability 1317:theory and 1218:Max Tegmark 1215:Cosmologist 1200:Max Tegmark 1189:John Horgan 1162:Philip Goff 1106:testability 1072:Paul Davies 1056:Paul Davies 1052:Jim Baggott 1000:David Gross 973:Raj Pathria 953:Michio Kaku 941:Max Tegmark 804:Middle Ages 773:Anaximander 725:Max Tegmark 703:information 681:set of all 352:Experiments 285:Dark matter 278:Dark energy 220:FLRW metric 157:Backgrounds 7866:Multiverse 7860:Categories 7650:Spacecraft 7626:Holography 7492:Group mind 7471:Warp drive 7426:Multiverse 7416:Hyperspace 7305:Biological 7189:Television 7153:Publishers 7131:Literature 7030:Multimedia 6946:Prometheus 6881:Grand Prix 6796:Astounding 6660:Australian 6565:Dieselpunk 6530:Underwater 6329:Golden Age 6214:Multiverse 6056:Approaches 5934:CGHS 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