17:
362:
While the attempts to normalize the situation were ongoing, there was vocal protest by a number of West German citizens who rejected any solution that acknowledged the French claim. In the 1960s one objector pressed criminal charges, a retired appellate court president drew public comparisons to the
333:
In 1946, the administration of the French zone of occupied
Germany made an area of 7 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi) in the German part of the Upper Mundat Forest administratively a part of France, in order to guarantee the water catchment area for Wissembourg. This was formalized as part of
324:
There was, however, an anomaly concerning land ownership. As a result of the treaty the town of
Wissembourg had 30 square kilometres (12 sq mi) of forest on the German side of the border, in co-ownership with the Bavarian state. It also owned 20 square kilometres (8 sq mi) on the
354:
In 1984 the final agreement was reached, essentially trading administrative sovereignty against private ownership of the same area. In an exchange of diplomatic notes, the French government agreed to repeal the relevant clause of Order 212. In return, the West German government committed itself to
342:
over the area. Initially the area included the hamlet St. Germanshof, but a correction in 1949 ensured that only uninhabited land was affected. A formal annexation, transferring also the territorial sovereignty to France, seems to have been planned originally, but it was never executed.
355:
transfer to France the land ownership over the public land in the area. France also obtained perpetual wood, hunting and water rights for the area as well as compensatory land for the castle, which it did not get. Once France, the United States and the United
Kingdom had agreed, the
186:
granted immunity from services to the monastery and its possessions in field and forest. These possessions, the Mundat, had dimensions of about 20 km Ă— 16 km (12 mi Ă— 10 mi) and included the villages of
Altenstadt,
383:
was still in force in it. The court did appoint the ex-notary, but this decision was reversed half a year later by the next higher court, which found that there is no reason to doubt that the area is part of the German state of
346:
Negotiations about the status of the area led to its inclusion in a 1962 treaty that revisited several border issues between the two countries. The treaty would have made the entire area French territory, but as it was not
391:
In 2007 and 2008, German courts decided that French citizens leasing hunting rights in the northern part of the Upper Mundat Forest from the French state must follow German regulations when feeding deer.
325:
French side, jointly with the French state. This situation was rectified through land exchanges in the 1930s, in part through a treaty signed in 1959 that became effective retroactively as of 1938.
359:
was able to repeal the clause, which it did effective in
February 1986. The transfer of land ownership to France according to the German regulations was completed in 1990.
671:
94:) granted by the royal conveyor of property, which rendered the abbey immune from obligations of service for the grant of vast privileged domains situated within the
419:
1990:577-584, p. 578: "...Schwartzenthann dans le Haute-Alsace, dans le Mundat (< immunitas), c'est-Ă -dire dans le temporel de l'Ă©vĂŞque de
Strasbourg...".
83:
810:
707:
150:, the former possessions of the 7th–16th century monastery and principality at Wissembourg. To distinguish it from the similar but unrelated Mundat at
790:
815:
800:
742:
139:
The Lower Mundat Forest is an area of roughly 20 square kilometres (8 sq mi), east of
Wissembourg in the plain formed by the
558:
697:
Article 14 of 1. Gesetz zur
Bereinigung des Verwaltungsverfahrensrechts. 18 February 1986. (Bundesgesetzblatt I, pages 265, 268.)
580:
379:. He argued that since the area in question was under French administration when the West German state was founded in 1949, the
244:
106:
The Upper Mundat Forest is an area of roughly 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi) that stretches north and west from the
805:
123:
415:"Wissembourg"; Béatrice Weis, "Répartition des noms de personnes en Alsace au XIIe siècle" in Jean-Claude Boulanger, ed.,
200:
654:
376:
684:
820:
795:
825:
171:
228:
409:
L'Alsace ancienne et moderne, ou
Dictionnaire topographique, historique et statistique du Haut et du Bas-Rhin
339:
364:
306:
232:
719:
Verwaltungsgericht
Neustadt an der WeinstraĂźe, Urteil vom 27. August 2007, Aktenzeichen 4 K 596/07.NW.
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Oberverwaltungsgericht Rheinland-Pfalz, Beschluss vom 13. August 2008, Aktenzeichen 8 A 11351/07.OVG.
385:
294:
212:
380:
335:
298:
220:
314:
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143:. Geographically it is part of the Bienwald. Its highest elevation is 141 metres (463 ft).
619:
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in April 1949. The area was put under exclusive French administration, preserving only German
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267:
192:
175:
130:
95:
44:
20:
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in 1815. With the exception of Wissembourg, all the French territories north of the river
183:
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27:) with Upper (left) and Lower (right) Mundat Forests (ochre tint) at the southern border
310:
283:
252:
208:
577:
784:
720:
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251:. In 974 the monastery, along with the Mundat, obtained the independent status of an
35:
refers to two forests that overlie the modern border between Germany and France near
732:
321:
twice being German, between 1871 and 1919 and again de facto between 1941 and 1944.
454:
is among the earliest sources for the social history of the Merovingian kingdom at
429:
372:
367:, and a law journal published criticism. In 1988 a retired notary requested that a
348:
256:
236:
146:
The Upper and Lower Mundat Forests together make up the still-forested part of the
652:
Beschluß vom 15.11.1988 (4 T 68/88), AVR 27 (1989), 110 (ZaöRV 50 [1990], 133)
651:
509:
368:
179:
111:
75:
63:
56:
36:
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further south, it is also known as the Wissembourg Mundat or, confusingly, the
16:
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196:
188:
140:
115:
758:
744:
451:
356:
240:
216:
204:
317:. Since then the border has remained unchanged in this area, except for
151:
52:
302:
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The forested areas remained the property of the church until they were
318:
271:
127:
107:
527:
L'Alsace ancienne et moderne, ou dictionnaire du Haut et du Bas-Rhin
458:(Rolf Sprandel "Struktur und Geschichte des merowingischen Adels,"
468:
Settlement and Social Organization: The Merovingian Region of Metz
334:
Order No. 212, issued by the French Commander-in-Chief in Germany
79:
71:
455:
618:
Daniel-Erasmus Khan: Die deutschen Staatsgrenzen. Munich 2003.
632:
Bericht der Abgeordneten Bernrath, Ströbele, Clemens, Hirsch.
417:
Actes du XVIe Congrès international des sciences onomastiques
685:"Die Kabinettsprotokolle der Bundesregierung, Band 14. 1961"
114:. Its highest point, at 561 metres (1,841 ft), is the
247:. The Mundat Forest was known in Carolingian times as the
351:
by the German parliament it did not become operative.
262:
In 1524 the monastery was heavily encumbered, so Pope
556:
La gazette de Wissembourg, d'Altenstadt et de Weiler
634:Drucksache 10/4512, 10 December 1985. Pages 32–33.
530:. 3rd edition. Strasbourg 1865, s.v. "Wissembourg"
491:Abbaye de bénédictins Saint-Pierre et Saint-Paul
270:, and from 1546 it stood under the authority of
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644:
642:
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371:appoint him to represent the interests of the
674:Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace. 3 October 2008.
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8:
708:Tausche Pariser Kirche gegen deutschen Wald.
482:
480:
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603:"United Nations - Office of Legal Affairs"
174:), founded around 630–660 and part of the
126:, c. 1150. It is part of the cross-border
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571:
520:
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15:
400:
170:Wissembourg was initially a monastery (
428:Baquol and Paul Ristelhuber suggested
407:Jacques Baquol and Paul Ristelhuber,
84:Prince-abbot of the Holy Roman Empire
7:
493:, Ministère français de la Culture.
297:, the border between France and the
70:, the privileged possessions of the
524:Jacques Baquol and P. Ristelhuber:
122:. The area includes the remains of
43:is a small part of the mountainous
14:
811:Geography of Rhineland-Palatinate
166:History of the Wissembourg Mundat
791:Forests and woodlands of Germany
672:Chasseurs français en Palatinat.
158:– the Rouffach Mundat being the
816:Tourist attractions in Bas-Rhin
178:from the 8th century. In 760,
1:
82:was a territorial magnate, a
66:the forests were part of the
441:Baquol and Paul Ristelhuber.
587:Die Zeit. 25 November 1988.
466:(1961) p 54f; Guy Halsall,
377:Federal Republic of Germany
842:
329:Anomaly after World War II
134:Pfälzerwald–Vosges du Nord
90:, refers to the immunity (
578:Mit den Alliierten leben.
233:Schweigen and Rechtenbach
801:France–Germany relations
710:Die Zeit. 10 March 1967.
51:forms a fraction of the
460:Historische Zeitschrift
340:territorial sovereignty
305:rule) was fixed by the
365:Soviet occupation zone
266:transformed it into a
28:
806:Geography of Bas-Rhin
630:Deutscher Bundestag:
546:Paris 1904. Page 332.
19:
733:Summary (in German).
721:Summary (in German).
706:Hans-Joachim Noack:
650:Landgericht Landau:
396:Notes and references
386:Rhineland-Palatinate
278:After secularization
86:. The unusual term,
74:of Weissenburg (now
770:Upper Mundat Forest
754: /
542:Economie forestière
381:Weimar constitution
118:near the hamlet of
49:Lower Mundat Forest
41:Upper Mundat Forest
37:Wissembourg, Alsace
583:2012-03-16 at the
561:2008-12-07 at the
315:Kingdom of Bavaria
68:Wissembourg Mundat
29:
821:Palatinate Forest
796:Forests of France
288:French Revolution
268:collegiate church
176:Benedictine order
172:Weissenburg Abbey
131:biosphere reserve
124:Guttenberg Castle
96:diocese of Speyer
45:Palatinate Forest
21:Palatinate Forest
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826:South Palatinate
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253:Imperial abbey
249:Sylva immunita
213:St. Germanshof
167:
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47:. The smaller
33:Mundat Forest'
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10:
9:
6:
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565:. March 2007.
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508:Now part of
487:Base Mérimée
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430:Dagobert III
424:
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412:
408:
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375:against the
373:German Reich
361:
353:
345:
332:
323:
313:fell to the
301:(then under
292:
281:
261:
257:prince-abbot
255:headed by a
248:
237:Schweighofen
225:Finsternheim
169:
160:Upper Mundat
159:
156:Lower Mundat
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764:49.04; 7.91
762: /
544:. Volume I.
540:G. Huffel:
510:Wissembourg
495:(in French)
369:local court
284:secularized
264:Clement VII
193:Oberseebach
180:Charlemagne
112:Wissembourg
76:Wissembourg
64:Middle Ages
57:Upper Rhine
25:Pfälzerwald
785:Categories
768: (
299:Palatinate
286:after the
211:, Weiler,
201:Oberhoffen
197:Steinseltz
189:Schleithal
182:'s father
141:Rhine rift
116:Hohe Derst
31:The term '
620:Page 578.
452:cartulary
357:Bundestag
245:Steinfeld
241:Kapsweyer
229:Bärenbach
217:Bobenthal
205:Cleebourg
102:Geography
78:), whose
655:Archived
581:Archived
559:Archived
411:(1865),
349:ratified
303:Bavarian
295:Napoleon
152:Rouffach
120:Reisdorf
108:Alsatian
92:emunitas
59:valley.
53:Bienwald
746:49°02′N
62:In the
55:in the
749:7°55′E
336:Koenig
319:Alsace
311:Lauter
293:After
272:Speyer
243:, and
148:Mundat
128:UNESCO
88:Mundat
39:. The
606:(PDF)
110:town
80:abbot
72:abbey
456:Metz
450:Its
413:s.v.
209:Rott
464:193
787::
639:^
592:^
570:^
517:^
501:^
489::
475:^
462:,
388:.
290:.
274:.
259:.
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203:,
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191:,
162:.
136:.
98:.
772:)
687:.
661:.
608:.
512:.
432:.
23:(
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