1803:, such as requiring liners and groundwater monitoring. This is because landfills pose the threat of pollution and can contaminate groundwater. The signs of pollution are effectively masked by disposal companies, and it is often hard to see any evidence. Usually, landfills are surrounded by large walls or fences hiding the mounds of debris. Large amounts of chemical odor eliminating agent are sprayed in the air surrounding landfills to hide the evidence of the rotting waste inside the plant.
1641:
1782:
3219:
1231:
88:
1329:; the two are sometimes collected separately. In the European Union, the semantic definition is 'mixed municipal waste,' given waste code 20 03 01 in the European Waste Catalog. Although the waste may originate from a number of sources that has nothing to do with a municipality, the traditional role of municipalities in collecting and managing these kinds of waste have produced the particular etymology 'municipal.'
3230:
151:
1243:
47:
288:
2647:
1769:, have been gaining popularity for their online reuse networks. These networks provide a worldwide online registry of unwanted items that would otherwise be thrown away, for individuals and nonprofits to reuse or recycle. Therefore, this free Internet-based service reduces landfill pollution and promotes the
1749:, or other substances from various solid waste processing facilities. A modern sanitary landfill is not a dump; it is an engineered facility used for disposing of solid wastes on land without creating nuisances or hazards to public health or safety, such as the problems of insects and the contamination of
1822:
In particular, municipal solid waste can be used to generate energy because of the lipid content present within it. A lot of MSW products can be converted into clean energy if the lipid content can be accessed and utilized. Several technologies have been developed that make the processing of MSW for
1704:
The functional element of collection includes not only the gathering of solid waste and recyclable materials, but also the transport of these materials, after collection, to the location where the collection vehicle is emptied. This location may be a materials processing facility, a transfer station
1722:
The types of means and facilities that are now used for the recovery of waste materials that have been separated at the source include kerbside collection, drop-off, and buy-back centres. The separation and processing of wastes that have been separated at the source and the separation of commingled
1794:
are created by land dumping. Land dumping methods vary, most commonly it involves the mass dumping of waste into a designated area, usually a hole or sidehill. After the waste is dumped, it is then compacted by large machines. When the dumping cell is full, it is then "sealed" with a plastic sheet
1713:
Waste handling and separation involves activities associated with waste management until the waste is placed in storage containers for collection. Handling also encompasses the movement of loaded containers to the point of collection. Separating different types of waste components is an important
3076:
1857:
facilities by more than 99 percent below 1990 levels, while mercury emissions have been reduced by over 90 percent. The EPA noted these improvements in 2003, citing waste-to-energy as a power source "with less environmental impact than almost any other source of
1731:
This element involves two main steps. First, the waste is transferred from a smaller collection vehicle to larger transport equipment. The waste is then transported, usually over long distances, to a processing or disposal site.
1740:
Today, the disposal of wastes by land filling or land spreading is the ultimate fate of all solid wastes, whether they are residential wastes collected and transported directly to a landfill site, residual materials from
1011:
1795:
and covered in several feet of dirt. This is the primary method of dumping in the United States because of the low cost and abundance of unused land in North
America. Landfills are regulated in the US by the
1190:
2070:
Zhou, Hui; Meng, AiHong; Long, YanQiu; Li, QingHai; Zhang, YanGuo (August 2014). "An overview of characteristics of municipal solid waste fuel in China: Physical, chemical composition and heating value".
1185:
1361:
and product packaging materials, and other miscellaneous solid wastes from residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial sources. Most definitions of municipal solid waste do not include
2408:
Kumar, Sunil; Dhar, Hiya; Nair, Vijay V.; Bhattacharyya, J. K.; Vaidya, A. N.; Akolkar, A. B. (22 March 2016). "Characterization of municipal solid waste in high-altitude sub-tropical regions".
1341:
to municipality, and it changes significantly with time. In municipalities which have a well-developed waste recycling system, the waste stream mainly consists of intractable wastes such as
1632:
For example, typical municipal solid waste in China is composed of 55.9% food residue, 8.5% paper, 11.2% plastics, 3.2% textiles, 2.9% wood waste, 0.8% rubber, and 18.4% non-combustibles.
1937:
Kumar, Sunil; Dhar, Hiya; Nair, Vijay V.; Bhattacharyya, J. K.; Vaidya, A. N.; Akolkar, A. B. (2016). "Characterization of municipal solid waste in high-altitude sub-tropical regions".
3133:
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1692:
is made up of four levels ordered from most preferred to least preferred methods based on their environmental soundness: Source reduction and reuse; recycling or composting;
1503:
2223:
Hoy, Zheng Xuan; Woon, Kok Sin; Chin, Wen Cheong; Fan, Yee Van; Yoo, Seung Jick (17 November 2023). "Curbing global solid waste emissions toward net-zero warming futures".
98:
1195:
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While older waste incineration plants emitted a lot of pollutants, recent regulatory changes and new technologies have significantly reduced this concern.
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961:
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1982:
2031:
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2100:
2012:
1800:
168:
60:
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1180:
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454:
581:
501:
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132:
74:
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31:
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321:
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relates to waste left from household sources containing materials that have not been separated out or sent for processing.
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1211:
661:
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via incineration. There is no single approach that can be applied to the management of all waste streams, therefore the
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371:
1723:
wastes usually occur at a materials recovery facility, transfer stations, combustion facilities, and treatment plants.
201:
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2038:
Welsh
Assembly (2005) Mechanical Biological Treatment, Environment Countryside and Planning Website, Welsh Assembly
1259:
616:
466:
110:
66:
2299:
Agaton, Casper
Boongaling; Guno, Charmaine Samala; Villanueva, Resy Ordona; Villanueva, Riza Ordona (2020-10-01).
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161:
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2028:
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956:
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386:
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1979:
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energy generation cleaner and more economical than ever before, including landfill gas capture, combustion,
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1016:
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832:
441:
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2009:
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from open fires. In developed areas without significant recycling activity it predominantly includes
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996:
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326:
269:
35:
1349:. At the start of the 20th century, the majority of domestic waste (53%) in the UK consisted of
2245:
1389:
can be classified in several ways, but the following list represents a typical classification:
3102:
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3027:
3012:
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2771:
2766:
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2686:
2611:
2425:
2322:
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2201:
2199:
Webber, Michael; Glazer, Yael (17 November 2023). "Solid waste, a lever for decarbonization".
2176:
1954:
1819:. However, nearly 90% of these methane emissions could be avoided with existing technologies.
1370:
1358:
884:
807:
800:
754:
621:
411:
406:
316:
2301:"Economic analysis of waste-to-energy investment in the Philippines: A real options approach"
2246:"Longitudinal Study of Wastewater Greases and Their Potential for the Production of Biofuels"
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3086:
3017:
2858:
2828:
2818:
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2751:
2731:
2726:
2566:
2534:
2529:
2509:
2483:
2417:
2394:
2312:
2257:
2080:
1946:
1907:
1621:
1591:
1579:
1558:
1499:
1477:
1471:
1362:
1326:
1302:
1230:
1144:
1041:
981:
867:
820:
769:
729:
704:
689:
671:
646:
586:
471:
421:
2282:
3188:
3112:
2848:
2843:
2813:
2711:
2696:
2601:
2596:
2556:
2399:
2382:
2365:
2104:
2016:
1986:
1854:
1693:
1689:
1677:
1653:
1645:
1563:
1515:
1310:
929:
889:
759:
724:
656:
596:
524:
461:
361:
2444:
3275:
3234:
3107:
2781:
2761:
2671:
2631:
2519:
2452:
1816:
1587:
1583:
1511:
1507:
1489:
1447:
1247:
1051:
951:
906:
899:
894:
651:
346:
1980:
Centenary history of waste and waste managers in London and south east
England- Page 7
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2035:
1897:
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304:
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2300:
1966:
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1828:
1770:
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1527:
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1378:
1342:
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1099:
1061:
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877:
842:
787:
506:
366:
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1950:
2359:
U.S. EPA Letter to Maria Zannes, President, Integrated Waste
Services Association
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1401:
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1021:
719:
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336:
150:
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17:
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agency, developed a hierarchy ranking strategy for municipal solid waste. The
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step in the handling and storage of solid waste at the source of collection.
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1997:
1958:
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30:"Municipal waste" and "Urban waste" redirect here. For other uses, see
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1431:
1149:
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1036:
1026:
734:
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2118:"System Overview > Solid Waste - GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool"
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Waste handling and separation, storage and processing at the source
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1535:
1451:
1427:
1419:
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27:
Type of waste consisting of everyday items discarded by the public
2383:"Municipal Solid Waste and the Environment: A Global Perspective"
1575:
1485:
1467:
1317:
consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. "
1134:
381:
376:
341:
2448:
2137:"Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts and Figures"
1554:
1435:
144:
81:
40:
1718:
Segregation and processing and transformation of solid wastes
1337:
The composition of municipal solid waste varies greatly from
97:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
2000:
U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Municipal Solid Waste
2194:
2192:
1664:
The municipal solid waste industry has four components:
106:
2283:"Environmental and Energy Study Institute Issue Brief"
1761:
In recent years, environmental organizations, such as
2218:
2216:
1745:(MRFs), residue from the combustion of solid waste,
3126:
3095:
3005:
2857:
2654:
2490:
1811:Municipal solid waste produces enormous amounts of
175:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3134:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future
2168:
1408:(most can be recycled, although some difficult to
2155:"Waste Management: A Half Century of Progress."
2460:
1845:(EPA) regulations in 1995 and 2000 under the
1843:United States Environmental Protection Agency
1267:
95:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1799:, which enforces standards provided in the
75:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2467:
2453:
2445:
2387:Annual Review of Environment and Resources
2381:Vergara, S. E.; Tchobanoglous, G. (2012).
1274:
1260:
1164:
286:
264:
2398:
2316:
2171:Gone Tomorrow: The Hidden Life of Garbage
253:Learn how and when to remove this message
235:Learn how and when to remove this message
133:Learn how and when to remove this message
2073:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
1849:have succeeded in reducing emissions of
3164:High-level radioactive waste management
1929:
1377:. Waste collection is performed by the
1355:food wastes, market wastes, yard wastes
1203:
1167:
276:
2107:U.S. Energy Information Administration
2019:U.S. Energy Information Administration
2400:10.1146/annurev-environ-050511-122532
2244:Caircross, Richard (1 January 2018).
7:
3179:Sewage regulation and administration
2153:Horinko, Marianne, Cathryn Courtin.
1898:Methanol fuel#History and production
1636:Components of solid waste management
173:adding citations to reliable sources
2157:EPA Alumni Association. March 2016.
2135:US EPA, OSWER (22 September 2015).
502:Radium and radon in the environment
1879:(study of modern refuse and trash)
1801:Resource Conservation Recovery Act
25:
1883:List of waste management acronyms
1482:construction and demolition waste
1321:" can also refer specifically to
56:This article has multiple issues.
3229:
3228:
3217:
3159:Extended producer responsibility
2645:
1241:
1229:
149:
86:
45:
32:Municipal waste (disambiguation)
2717:Mechanical biological treatment
2262:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b03550
2029:Mechanical Biological Treatment
1797:Environmental Protection Agency
1682:Environmental Protection Agency
1412:plant material may be excluded)
322:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
160:needs additional citations for
64:or discuss these issues on the
2318:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115265
1381:within a given area. The term
1191:Least polluted cities by PM2.5
1:
2422:10.1080/09593330.2016.1158322
2340:US EPA, ORD (26 March 2015).
1951:10.1080/09593330.2016.1158322
1743:materials recovery facilities
1705:or a landfill disposal site.
662:Electrical resistance heating
372:Persistent organic pollutant
3169:History of waste management
2175:. New York: The New Press.
2051:. Christchurch City Council
1890:(municipal solid waste and
109:, discuss the issue on the
3292:
2757:fluorescent lamp recycling
2085:10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.024
1696:; treatment and disposal.
1690:waste management hierarchy
29:
3212:
2643:
1872:Category:Waste by country
1553:, waste plastics such as
917:War and environmental law
537:Health effects from noise
387:Volatile organic compound
34:. For the punk band, see
3139:China's waste import ban
2410:Environmental Technology
2167:Rogers, Heather (2006).
1939:Environmental Technology
1541:Composite wastes: waste
542:Marine mammals and sonar
2500:Agricultural wastewater
1686:U.S. federal government
1365:, agricultural wastes,
1017:Freshwater salinization
937:Agricultural wastewater
292:Mixed municipal waste,
184:"Municipal solid waste"
3224:Environment portal
2902:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2792:water recycling shower
1788:
1727:Transfer and transport
1661:
1398:food and kitchen waste
1236:Environment portal
2592:Municipal solid waste
2572:Industrial wastewater
2049:"Organics -Green Bin"
2010:Municipal Solid Waste
1784:
1767:The Freecycle Network
1660:and incinerable waste
1643:
1588:electrical appliances
1508:electrical appliances
1293:), commonly known as
1287:Municipal solid waste
977:Industrial wastewater
745:Municipal solid waste
667:Soil guideline values
2787:water heat recycling
2692:Garden waste dumping
1786:Segregation of Trash
1626:pharmaceutical drugs
1186:Most polluted cities
838:Overhead power lines
169:improve this article
115:create a new article
107:improve this article
3154:Eco-industrial park
2742:appliance recycling
2662:Anaerobic digestion
2607:Post-consumer waste
2505:Biodegradable waste
1998:Non-hazardous Waste
1394:Biodegradable waste
1347:packaging materials
1345:and non-recyclable
1002:Ocean acidification
912:Unexploded ordnance
833:Advertising clutter
765:Post-consumer waste
710:Foam food container
695:Biodegradable waste
352:Global distillation
3199:Waste minimisation
3144:Cleaner production
2809:Reusable packaging
2722:Mechanical sorting
2525:Construction waste
2364:2011-09-28 at the
2103:2010-11-20 at the
2098:Nonhazardous waste
2015:2010-11-20 at the
1985:2013-08-13 at the
1918:Global waste trade
1913:Waste minimisation
1789:
1662:
1596:aerosol spray cans
1359:plastic containers
1248:Ecology portal
873:Herbicidal warfare
417:Introduced species
357:Indoor air quality
327:Chlorofluorocarbon
36:Urban Waste (band)
3263:
3262:
3194:Waste legislation
3103:Sanitation worker
3077:London Convention
3013:Bamako Convention
2804:Resource recovery
2772:textile recycling
2767:plastic recycling
2747:battery recycling
2687:Ecological design
2612:Radioactive waste
2416:(20): 2627–2637.
2342:"Research Grants"
1945:(20): 2627–2637.
1807:Energy generation
1592:fluorescent lamps
1371:radioactive waste
1363:industrial wastes
1284:
1283:
1219:
1218:
885:Nuclear holocaust
808:Urban heat island
622:Radioactive waste
407:Biological hazard
317:Air quality index
263:
262:
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245:
244:
237:
219:
143:
142:
135:
117:, as appropriate.
79:
16:(Redirected from
3283:
3232:
3231:
3222:
3221:
3087:OSPAR Convention
3018:Basel Convention
2829:Waste collection
2819:Sewage treatment
2777:timber recycling
2752:bottle recycling
2732:Reclaimed lumber
2727:Photodegradation
2649:
2567:Industrial waste
2535:Electronic waste
2530:Demolition waste
2510:Biomedical waste
2484:waste management
2469:
2462:
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2441:
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2402:
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2256:(2): 1831–1842.
2250:Energy and Fuels
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2026:
2020:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1934:
1908:Waste management
1644:Bins to collect
1622:Biomedical waste
1559:garden furniture
1516:washing machines
1500:electronic waste
1327:garbage disposal
1276:
1269:
1262:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1233:
1165:
868:Chemical warfare
770:Waste management
730:Industrial waste
705:Electronic waste
690:Advertising mail
672:Phytoremediation
647:Land degradation
587:Depleted uranium
472:Overillumination
422:Invasive species
290:
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21:
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3259:
3235:Category: Waste
3216:
3208:
3189:Waste hierarchy
3122:
3113:Waste collector
3091:
3082:Oslo Convention
3001:
2853:
2849:Waste-to-energy
2844:Waste treatment
2814:Right to repair
2712:Landfill mining
2697:Illegal dumping
2650:
2641:
2602:Packaging waste
2597:Open defecation
2557:Hazardous waste
2486:
2473:
2407:
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2377:
2375:Further reading
2372:
2371:
2366:Wayback Machine
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2105:Wayback Machine
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2027:
2023:
2017:Wayback Machine
2008:
2004:
1996:
1992:
1987:Wayback Machine
1978:
1974:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1868:
1855:waste-to-energy
1809:
1779:
1759:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1694:energy recovery
1678:waste-to-energy
1638:
1566:including most
1564:Hazardous waste
1549:food and drink
1498:Electrical and
1335:
1280:
1242:
1240:
1228:
1221:
1220:
1120:
1112:
1111:
1085:
1077:
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1012:Pharmaceuticals
992:Nonpoint source
932:
922:
921:
890:Nuclear fallout
863:
853:
852:
823:
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812:
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760:Packaging waste
725:Hazardous waste
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597:Nuclear fallout
592:Nuclear fission
572:
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455:Electromagnetic
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429:
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402:
392:
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362:Ozone depletion
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139:
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91:
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39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Municipal Waste
15:
12:
11:
5:
3289:
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3279:
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3267:
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3108:Street sweeper
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2782:tire recycling
2779:
2774:
2769:
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2762:land recycling
2759:
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2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
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2699:
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2672:Biodegradation
2669:
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2651:
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2642:
2640:
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2632:Surface runoff
2629:
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2614:
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2589:
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2574:
2569:
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2522:
2520:Chemical waste
2517:
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2471:
2464:
2457:
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2351:
2332:
2305:Applied Energy
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2236:
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2188:
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2159:
2146:
2127:
2109:
2090:
2062:
2040:
2034:2007-09-27 at
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2002:
1990:
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1925:
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1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1885:
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1874:
1867:
1864:
1817:greenhouse gas
1808:
1805:
1778:
1775:
1758:
1755:
1737:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1619:
1602:
1561:
1539:
1496:
1475:
1448:aluminium foil
1413:
1383:residual waste
1334:
1331:
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1279:
1278:
1271:
1264:
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1181:Law by country
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1079:
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1069:
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1059:
1054:
1052:Surface runoff
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
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1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
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964:
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952:Eutrophication
949:
944:
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933:
928:
927:
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923:
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919:
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907:Scorched earth
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900:Nuclear winter
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895:Nuclear famine
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697:
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652:Bioremediation
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582:Bioremediation
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2582:Marine debris
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1375:sewage sludge
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1067:Water quality
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750:Nanomaterials
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612:Radioactivity
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557:Soundproofing
555:
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552:Noise control
550:
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547:Noise barrier
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180:Find sources:
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158:This article
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3127:Other topics
3118:Waste picker
3045:incineration
2824:Urban mining
2702:Incineration
2682:Durable good
2627:Sharps waste
2591:
2587:Mining waste
2413:
2409:
2390:
2386:
2354:
2345:
2335:
2308:
2304:
2294:
2277:
2265:. Retrieved
2253:
2249:
2239:
2233:(6672): 797.
2230:
2224:
2209:(6672): 762.
2206:
2200:
2170:
2162:
2149:
2140:
2130:
2121:
2112:
2093:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2053:. Retrieved
2043:
2024:
2005:
1993:
1975:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1892:landfill gas
1840:
1835:gasification
1834:
1829:gasification
1821:
1810:
1790:
1785:
1771:gift economy
1760:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1663:
1631:
1557:and plastic
1532:alarm clocks
1382:
1379:municipality
1343:plastic film
1339:municipality
1336:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1155:Point source
1100:Heavy metals
1062:Urban runoff
1047:Sulfur water
1022:Septic tanks
878:Agent Orange
788:Space debris
744:
642:Agricultural
507:Volcanic ash
367:Particulates
249:
231:
222:
212:
205:
198:
191:
179:
167:Please help
162:verification
159:
129:
120:
96:
72:
65:
59:
58:Please help
55:
3149:Downcycling
3096:Occupations
3065:waste water
2962:Switzerland
2952:South Korea
2942:New Zealand
2867:Afghanistan
2839:Waste trade
2799:Repurposing
2637:Toxic waste
2617:Scrap metal
2552:Green waste
2515:Brown waste
2492:Major types
2393:: 277–309.
2267:25 February
2079:: 107–122.
1860:electricity
1833:plasma arc
1815:, a potent
1751:groundwater
1658:PET bottles
1605:Toxic waste
1600:fertilizers
1584:light bulbs
1526:, screens,
1512:light bulbs
1418:materials:
1402:green waste
1333:Composition
1125:Area source
967:Groundwater
720:Green waste
700:Brown waste
684:Solid waste
442:Information
337:Exhaust gas
3204:Zero waste
3006:Agreements
2937:Kazakhstan
2892:Bangladesh
2677:Composting
2562:Heat waste
2547:Food waste
2540:by country
2311:: 115265.
2122:sftool.gov
1924:References
1700:Collection
1670:composting
1624:, expired
1617:fungicides
1613:herbicides
1609:pesticides
1607:including
1547:Tetra Pack
1454:, certain
1416:Recyclable
1325:, as in a
1323:food waste
1315:waste type
1212:By country
1204:Categories
1095:Pollutants
1072:Wastewater
1042:Stagnation
987:Monitoring
962:Freshwater
828:Air travel
715:Food waste
657:Defecation
467:Ecological
400:Biological
332:Combustion
296:, Tel Aviv
268:Part of a
225:April 2011
195:newspapers
123:March 2012
61:improve it
3184:Upcycling
3050:landfills
3040:framework
3033:Recycling
3028:batteries
2957:Sri Lanka
2917:Hong Kong
2882:Australia
2859:Countries
2737:Recycling
2655:Processes
2476:Biosolids
2327:0306-2619
1877:Garbology
1825:pyrolysis
1792:Landfills
1777:Landfills
1666:recycling
1650:aluminium
1580:batteries
1572:chemicals
1524:computers
1472:batteries
1424:cardboard
1140:Garbology
1057:Turbidity
1007:Oil spill
957:Firewater
942:Biosolids
848:Vandalism
607:Poisoning
602:Plutonium
577:Actinides
570:Radiation
312:Acid rain
279:Pollution
111:talk page
67:talk page
3270:Category
3245:Journals
3060:vehicles
2982:Thailand
2972:Tanzania
2707:Landfill
2667:Balefill
2430:26915419
2362:Archived
2101:Archived
2055:19 March
2032:Archived
2013:Archived
1983:Archived
1959:26915419
1866:See also
1736:Disposal
1674:disposal
1543:clothing
1464:clothing
1460:textiles
1456:plastics
1440:tin cans
1351:coal ash
1196:Treaties
1176:Diseases
1032:Shipping
997:Nutrient
947:Diseases
512:Wildfire
105:You may
2912:Georgia
2887:Belgium
2877:Armenia
2872:Albania
2438:8140600
2226:Science
2202:Science
1967:8140600
1888:MSW/LFG
1851:dioxins
1813:methane
1763:Freegle
1757:Reusing
1747:compost
1551:cartons
1536:watches
1480:waste:
1432:bottles
1410:compost
1319:Garbage
1313:, is a
1311:Britain
1307:rubbish
1301:in the
1299:garbage
1090:History
972:Hypoxia
801:Thermal
755:Plastic
617:Uranium
491:Natural
436:Digital
412:Genetic
209:scholar
3233:
2987:Turkey
2977:Taiwan
2947:Russia
2927:Israel
2897:Brazil
2622:Sewage
2577:Litter
2482:, and
2436:
2428:
2346:US EPA
2325:
2179:
2141:US EPA
1965:
1957:
1903:Sewage
1831:, and
1676:, and
1628:, etc.
1615:, and
1598:, and
1568:paints
1538:, etc.
1494:debris
1474:, etc.
1452:metals
1150:Midden
1145:Legacy
1130:Debris
1084:Topics
1037:Sludge
1027:Sewage
982:Marine
821:Visual
740:Mining
735:Litter
294:Hiriya
270:series
211:
204:
197:
190:
182:
3276:Waste
3250:Lists
3240:Index
2967:Syria
2932:Japan
2922:India
2907:Egypt
2480:waste
2434:S2CID
2286:(PDF)
1963:S2CID
1853:from
1654:glass
1646:paper
1576:tires
1506:) –
1490:rocks
1478:Inert
1468:tires
1428:glass
1420:paper
1406:paper
1387:Waste
1295:trash
1168:Lists
1160:Waste
1105:Paint
930:Water
782:Space
525:Noise
497:Ozone
462:Light
216:JSTOR
202:books
113:, or
3070:WEEE
3055:RoHS
2426:PMID
2323:ISSN
2269:2022
2177:ISBN
2057:2016
1955:PMID
1684:, a
1555:toys
1504:WEEE
1486:dirt
1436:jars
1305:and
1135:Dust
1119:Misc
635:Soil
382:Soot
377:Smog
342:Haze
188:news
2418:doi
2395:doi
2313:doi
2309:275
2258:doi
2231:382
2207:382
2081:doi
1947:doi
1862:".
1765:or
1520:TVs
1373:or
1309:in
1297:or
1291:MSW
861:War
305:Air
171:by
3272::
2478:,
2432:.
2424:.
2414:37
2412:.
2391:37
2389:.
2385:.
2344:.
2321:.
2307:.
2303:.
2254:32
2252:.
2248:.
2229:.
2215:^
2205:.
2191:^
2139:.
2120:.
2077:36
2075:.
1961:.
1953:.
1943:37
1941:.
1838:.
1827:,
1773:.
1753:.
1672:,
1668:,
1656:,
1652:,
1648:,
1611:,
1594:,
1590:,
1586:,
1582:,
1578:,
1574:,
1570:,
1545:,
1534:,
1530:,
1522:,
1518:,
1514:,
1510:,
1492:,
1488:,
1484:,
1470:,
1466:,
1462:,
1458:,
1450:,
1446:,
1442:,
1438:,
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1422:,
1404:,
1400:,
1396::
1369:,
1357:,
272:on
70:.
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2420::
2403:.
2397::
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2329:.
2315::
2288:.
2271:.
2260::
2185:.
2143:.
2124:.
2087:.
2083::
2059:.
1969:.
1949::
1894:)
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250:(
238:)
232:(
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223:(
213:·
206:·
199:·
192:·
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136:)
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20:)
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