194:. Low tone is perceived as "lax, flabby, floppy, mushy, dead weight" and high tone is perceived as "tight, light, strong". Muscles with high tone are not necessarily strong and muscles with low tone are not necessarily weak. In general, low tone does increase flexibility and decrease strength, and high tone does decrease flexibility and increase strength, but with many exceptions. A person with low tone will most likely not be able to engage in "explosive" movement such as needed in a sprinter or high jumper. These athletes usually have high tone that is within normal limits. A person with high tone will usually not be flexible in activities such as dance and yoga. Joint laxity contributes greatly to flexibility, especially with flexibility in one or a few areas, instead of overall flexibility.
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For example, a person can be high tone with normal to poor flexibility in most areas, but be able to put the palms of the hands on the floor with straight knees due to hypermobile sacroiliac joints. It is important to assess several areas before deciding if a person has high, low, or normal muscle
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can help with cramps and is warranted when they become troublesome. But these medication cause their relaxing effect in both groups by moderating their tone. The cause of disproportionate intermittent contractions of either flexors or extensors or the cause of cramps is unknown. The stimulus for
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Normally, people are unaware of their muscle tone in their daily activities. The body maintains the balance between the tone of flexor and extensor muscle groups. Sometimes, in normal, healthy people, that tone is lost either in flexors or extensor muscle groups in isolation, temporarily and
259:, in which there is increased resistance only at the beginning or at the end of the movement. Rigidity can be of the leadpipe type, in which there is resistance throughout to passive movement, or it may be of cogwheel type, in which the resistance to passive movement is in a jerky manner.
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responses are decreased, and the limb's resistance to passive movement is also decreased. Hypertonia is seen in upper motor neuron diseases like lesions in pyramidal tract and extrapyramidal tract. Hypertonia can present clinically as either
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tone. A fairly reliable assessment item is how the person feels when picked up. For example, small children with low tone can feel heavy while larger, high tone children feel light, which corresponds with the description of "dead weight".
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O’Sullivan, S. B. (2007). Examination of motor function: Motor control and motor learning. In S. B. O’Sullivan, & T. J. Schmitz (Eds), Physical rehabilitation (5th ed.) (pp. 233-234). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: F. A. Davis
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is velocity-dependent resistance to passive stretch (e.g., passively moving an elbow quickly will elicit increased muscle tone, but passively moving elbow slowly may not elicit increased muscle tone),
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Betts, J Gordon; Desaix, Peter; Johnson, Eddie; Johnson, Jody E; Korol, Oksana; Kruse, Dean; Poe, Brandon; Wise, James; Womble, Mark D; Young, Kelly A (14 May 2023).
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muscle cramps may originate in the cerebral cortex, the spinal cord, or the muscle itself. This could indicate developing pathology or other problems in the future.
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or stretch occurs, the body responds by automatically increasing the muscle's tension, a reflex which helps guard against danger as well as helping maintain
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is velocity-independent resistance to passive stretch (i.e. there is uniform increased tone whether the elbow is passively moved quickly or slowly).
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muscles are involved in the maintenance of a constant tone while at rest. In skeletal muscles, this helps maintain a normal posture.
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406:"Non-rapid eye movement sleep with low muscle tone as a marker of rapid eye movement sleep regulation"
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can be thought of as a "default" or "steady state" condition for muscles. Both the
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Drenth, H; Zuidema, S; Bautmans, I; Marinelli, L; Kleiner, G; Hobbelen, H (2020).
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and can be affected by various factors, including age, disease, and nerve damage.
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Tinguely, Gilberte; Huber, Reto; Borbély, Alexandera; Achermann, Peter (2006).
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For the use of the term "tone" in weight training and bodybuilding, see
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Ganguly, J; Kulshreshtha, D; Almotiri, M; Jog, M (16 April 2021).
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Continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles
222:. Hypotonia is seen in lower motor neuron disease like
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155:. Muscle tone is regulated by the activity of the
206:Physical disorders can result in abnormally low (
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226:. Hypotonia can present clinically as muscle
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484:"Paratonia in Dementia: A Systematic Review"
60:introducing citations to additional sources
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355:"Muscle Tone Physiology and Abnormalities"
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50:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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190:Resting muscle tone varies along a
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230:, where the limbs appear floppy,
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488:Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
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296:intermittently resulting in
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255:can be in the form of the
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458:Anatomy & Physiology
175:. Such near-continuous
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372:10.3390/toxins13040282
535:BBC series on muscles
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257:clasp-knife response
151:and declines during
56:improve this article
678:End-plate potential
663:Uterine contraction
277:extraocular muscles
648:Muscle contraction
500:10.3233/JAD-200691
202:Pathological tonus
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281:strabismus
279:to repair
253:Spasticity
245:spasticity
237:spasticity
228:flaccidity
212:hypertonia
125:physiology
82:newspapers
653:Isometric
216:paratonia
208:hypotonia
153:REM sleep
112:June 2013
52:talk page
710:Category
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593:Movement
588:Exercise
580:Exertion
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313:See also
249:rigidity
243:. While
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220:dementia
181:extensor
572:muscles
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382:8071570
306:quinine
173:balance
163:Purpose
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129:anatomy
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183:and
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