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1248:. Mpiana and Werrason each claims to be the originator of ndombolo, a style that intersperses shouts with bursts of vocal melody and harmony over a frenetic din of electric guitars, synthesizers and drums. So pervasive is this style today that even Koffi Olomidé's current repertory is mostly ndombolo.
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Africa produces music genres that are direct derivatives of
Congolese Soukous. Some of the African bands sing in Lingala, the main language in the DRC. The same Congolese Soukous, under the guidance of "le sapeur" Papa Wemba, set the tone for a generation of young guys who dress in expensive designer
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cultural and national pride certainly contributed to the environment that bred Africa's most influential pop music. Call it soukous, rumba, Zairois, Congo music, or kwassa-kwassa, the pop sound emanating from Congo's capital, Kinshasa has shaped modern
African culture more profoundly than any other.
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Kabila could not erase the ruinous effects of the
Belgian and Mobutu legacies, and the country is now in a state of chronic civil war. Mobutu instilled a deep fear of dissent and failed to develop his country's vast resources. But the walls he built around his people and his attempts to boost
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Congolese modern music is also influenced in part by its politics. Zaire, then in 1965, Mobutu Sese Seko took over, and despite massive corruption, desperate economic failure, and the attempted military uprising of 1991, he held on until the eve of his death in 1997, when the president,
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clothing. The numerous singers and instrumentalists who passed through Zaiko Langa Langa went on to rule
Kinshasa's bustling music scene in the '80s with such bands as Choc Stars and Papa Wemba's Viva la Musica.
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One erstwhile member of Viva la Musica, Koffi Olomidé, has been indisputably the biggest
Zairean/Congolese star since the early '90s. His chief rivals are two veterans of the band Wenge Musica, J.B. Mpiana and
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In 1993, many of the biggest individuals and bands in Congo's history were brought together for an event that helped to revitalize
Congolese music, and also jumpstarted the careers of popular bands like
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688:(aka Franco). Both would go on to be some of the earliest Congolese music stars. African Jazz, which included Kabasele, sometimes called the father of modern Congolese music, as well as legendary
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break with a swift tempo that was common in rumba. Both OK Jazz and
African Jazz continued performing throughout the decade until African Jazz broke up in the mid-1960s,
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and the latter, though existing only briefly, becoming legendary for their energetic stage shows that included frenetic, funky drums during the seben and an often
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were the two most influential bands to emerge from this era, with Zaiko Langa Langa being an important starting ground for musicians like
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Into the 1950s, Kinshasa and
Brazzaville became culturally linked, and many musicians moved back and forth between them, most importantly
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By the beginning of the 1990s, many of the most popular musicians of the classic era had lost their edge or died, and
President
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Many of the most influential musicians of Congo's history emerged from one or more of these big bands, including the colossus
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now has a much broader meaning, and refers to all of the subsequent developments in
Congolese music as well.
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is also used generically to refer to Congolese music, though neither is precise nor accurately descriptive.
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varies in its different forms. Outside Africa, most music from the Democratic Republic of Congo is called
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to Afrisa, followed by OK Jazz and a return to Africa before setting up a West African group called the
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were all Paris-based and were among the most popular Congolese musicians. New styles genres like
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traditions, and there was little in the way of a pan-Congolese musical identity until the 1940s.
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Ewens, Graeme (2000). "Heart of Darkness". In Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark (eds.).
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of OK Jazz also proved influential, bringing Congolese rumba to East Africa, especially
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In 1953, the Congolese music scene began to differentiate itself with the formation of
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instead, but this new group was not able to rival OK Jazz in influence for very long.
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1426:. Vol. I: Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Durham: Penguin. pp. 458–71.
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achieved some popularity. Kinshasa still had popular musicians, however, including
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In Congo, students at Gombe High School became entranced with American rock and
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Haugerud, Angelique; Stone, Margaret Priscilla; Little, Peter D., eds. (2000).
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People from the Congo have no single term for their own music per se, although
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Influential figures of Soukous and its offshoots (N'dombolo, Rumba Rock) are
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551:("our music") was used until the late 1970s, and now the most common name is
1319:. Lanham, Maryland, United States: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 34–49.
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Audio clips - traditional music of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Audio clips: Traditional music of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Rumba on the River: A History of the Popular Music of the two Congos
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Commodities and Globalization: Anthropological Perspectives
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at the helm dominated soukous music for the next 20 years.
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Rumba Rules: The Politics of Dance Music in Mobutu's Zaire
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119:Learn how and when to remove this message
18:Music of Democratic Republic of the Congo
779:usually referred to simply as "Franco",
521:intangible cultural heritage of humanity
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1651:Transitional Government (2003–06)
1472:. Durham: Duke University Press.
882:Zaiko and post Zaiko (c. 1970–90)
293:Nationalistic and patriotic songs
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642:Popular early musicians include
528:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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44:needs additional citations for
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1520:Musée d'ethnographie de Genève
770:Orchestre Afrisa International
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1522:. Accessed 25 November 2010.
1510:. Accessed 25 November 2010.
1668:M23 offensive (2022–present)
1641:Second Congo War (1998–2003)
1616:Congo-Léopoldville (1960–65)
1592:Congo Free State (1885–1908)
1783:Foreign policy under Mobutu
718:and one of the founders of
603:began appearing, including
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1626:State of Katanga (1960–63)
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1132:Verckys Kiamuangana Mateta
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1265:List of Soukous musicians
654:and, most influentially,
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1758:Administrative divisions
805:Festival des Marquisards
572:Since the colonial era,
376:Central African Republic
1663:M23 rebellion (2012–13)
1604:Belgian Congo (1908–60)
1508:French National Library
686:François Luambo Makiadi
1621:Congo Crisis (1960–65)
1582:Colonization (1867–85)
1464:White, Bob W. (2008).
1441:Stewart, Gary (2000).
710:Big bands (c. 1950–70)
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2356:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
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777:Franco Luambo Makiadi
740:Franco Luambo Makiadi
652:Antoine Wendo Kolosoy
509:Jamaican reggae music
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1007:World Heritage Sites
704:Indépendance Cha Cha
627:during this period.
53:improve this article
2431:States with limited
1494:Rumba in the Jungle
1368:"Franco de Mi Amor"
1337:. 22 January 2022.
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829:Tchico Thicaya
825:Pamelo Mounk'a
789:Vicky Longomba
754:African Fiesta
711:
708:
648:Zachery Elenga
644:Camille Feruzi
639:to the Congo.
629:Bill Alexandre
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2007:Social issues
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1658:Kivu conflict
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1577:Early history
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1499:The Economist
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1433:1-85828-636-0
1429:
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1400:. p. 133
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1373:Village Voice
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1335:The Economist
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1210:Koffi Olomide
1207:
1203:
1199:
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1194:Franco Luambo
1190:
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793:Dizzy Madjeku
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785:Ndombe Opetum
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601:record labels
598:
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579:
578:ethnic groups
575:
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526:Music of the
524:
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345:Other regions
343:
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329:Related areas
327:
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318:
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284:
283:
277:
275:
271:
269:
268:
267:Benda Bilili!
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209:Kwassa kwassa
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142:Koffi Olomide
139:
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123:
120:
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84:
80:
77:
73:
70: –
69:
65:
64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
2506:Saint Helena
2477:
2381:South Africa
2371:Sierra Leone
2210:
2176:Burkina Faso
2054:
1997:Prostitution
1972:Demographics
1896:Central Bank
1795:Human rights
1763:Constitution
1697:Conservation
1609:World War II
1497:
1467:
1444:
1423:
1416:Bibliography
1402:. Retrieved
1396:
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1371:
1358:
1346:. Retrieved
1334:
1325:
1315:
1308:
1257:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1226:
1191:
1179:
1163:Tshala Mwana
1148:
1108:Bozi Boziana
1094:
1032:Coat of arms
951:
875:
856:Los Nickelos
845:
813:Mose Fan Fan
781:Sam Mangwana
774:
752:then formed
744:
716:Nino Malapet
713:
700:Manu Dibango
678:African Jazz
675:
641:
625:broadcasting
586:
571:
552:
548:
546:
541:
537:
531:
525:
497:Kenyan Benga
488:
487:
361:Burkina Faso
350:
280:
274:Congotronics
273:
265:
155:
130:
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
2433:recognition
2386:South Sudan
2276:Ivory Coast
1891:Agriculture
1524:(in French)
1512:(in French)
1424:World Music
1379:31 December
1280:Fally Ipupa
1183:Swede Swede
1171:Bimi Ombale
1128:Lipua Lipua
1124:Shama Shama
1120:Bella Bella
868:psychedelic
852:James Brown
697:keyboardist
693:saxophonist
690:Cameroonian
623:also began
597:instruments
513:Cuban rumba
396:Ivory Coast
258:Music media
2488:(Portugal)
2446:Somaliland
2366:Seychelles
2331:Mozambique
2316:Mauritania
2301:Madagascar
2256:The Gambia
2191:Cape Verde
1962:Corruption
1824:Parliament
1790:Government
1707:Ecoregions
1597:Atrocities
1301:References
1285:Ferre Gola
1275:Konono NÂş1
1270:TP OK Jazz
1206:Papa Wemba
1175:Dindo Yogo
1155:Rigo Starr
1140:Pepe Kalle
1116:Papa Wemba
975:Television
860:Thu Zahina
831:moving to
801:Vox Africa
732:percussion
582:folk music
542:rock-rumba
436:Seychelles
401:Madagascar
190:Folk music
138:Papa Wemba
109:April 2013
79:newspapers
2321:Mauritius
1992:Languages
1977:Education
1931:Transport
1901:Companies
1846:President
1773:Elections
1722:Volcanoes
1712:Mountains
1680:Geography
1404:24 August
1348:22 August
1343:0013-0613
1104:Pepe Feli
1000:Monuments
931:Languages
837:Ryco Jazz
821:Somo Somo
736:TPOK Jazz
662:, French
613:Loningisa
411:Mauritius
226:Pop music
2539:Category
2512: /
2508: /
2501:(France)
2495: /
2473: /
2469: /
2421:Zimbabwe
2396:Tanzania
2246:Ethiopia
2241:Eswatini
2221:Djibouti
2186:Cameroon
2171:Botswana
2095:Category
2045:Football
2002:Religion
1812:Military
1746:Politics
1727:Wildlife
1252:See also
1246:Werrason
1218:Ray Lema
1198:Tabu Ley
1187:merengue
1167:mutuashi
1130:, while
945:Religion
891:a series
889:Part of
864:Brussels
750:Dr. Nico
680:(led by
671:highlife
668:Ghanaian
574:Kinshasa
523:" list.
391:Djibouti
371:Cameroon
337:Tanzania
250:Zaire 74
222:Ndombolo
218:Mutuashi
2497:RĂ©union
2493:Mayotte
2484:Madeira
2479:(Spain)
2475:Melilla
2406:Tunisia
2376:Somalia
2361:Senegal
2346:Nigeria
2336:Namibia
2326:Morocco
2291:Liberia
2286:Lesotho
2236:Eritrea
2206:Comoros
2181:Burundi
2156:Algeria
2079:Outline
2035:Cuisine
2022:Culture
1945:Society
1926:Tourism
1879:Economy
1569:History
1259:Libanga
1159:madiaba
1020:Symbols
938:Cuisine
917:History
876:soukous
872:soukous
833:Abidjan
766:country
720:OK Jazz
664:cabaret
633:Belgian
563:History
533:Soukous
446:Tunisia
431:Senegal
416:Morocco
381:Comoros
366:Burundi
356:Algeria
214:Madiaba
204:Cavacha
199:Soukous
170:Kisanji
146:Soukous
93:scholar
2516:
2499:
2486:
2416:Zambia
2411:Uganda
2351:Rwanda
2306:Malawi
2266:Guinea
2161:Angola
2100:Portal
2030:Cinema
1982:Health
1916:Mining
1906:Energy
1829:Senate
1717:Rivers
1692:Cities
1476:
1453:
1430:
1341:
1290:Makoma
1151:Mobutu
1136:garage
1096:Stukas
980:Cinema
924:People
893:on the
517:UNESCO
426:Rwanda
276:series
183:Genres
175:Lokole
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
2471:Ceuta
2391:Sudan
2341:Niger
2296:Libya
2281:Kenya
2261:Ghana
2251:Gabon
2226:Egypt
2166:Benin
2086:Index
2055:Music
2050:Media
2012:Women
1967:Crime
1646:2000s
991:Sport
970:Radio
962:Media
952:Music
817:Kenya
738:with
728:seben
660:swing
617:Opika
609:Ngoma
593:rumba
553:ndule
538:rumba
421:Niger
194:Rumba
100:JSTOR
86:books
2401:Togo
2311:Mali
2201:Chad
2040:Flag
1863:List
1851:List
1800:LGBT
1474:ISBN
1451:ISBN
1428:ISBN
1406:2014
1381:2019
1350:2023
1339:ISSN
1173:and
1161:and
1142:and
1126:and
1114:and
1098:and
1027:Flag
858:and
848:funk
835:and
827:and
803:and
795:and
764:and
762:rock
758:soul
748:and
695:and
666:and
631:, a
615:and
605:CEFA
519:'s "
511:and
499:and
441:Togo
406:Mali
140:and
72:news
1496:at
1165:'s
811:.
591:by
540:or
515:on
55:by
2541::
1370:.
1333:.
1216:,
1212:,
1208:,
1204:,
1200:,
1196:,
1177:.
1122:,
1110:,
1106:,
843:.
791:,
787:,
783:,
760:,
722:,
650:,
611:,
607:,
2134:e
2127:t
2120:v
1552:e
1545:t
1538:v
1482:.
1459:.
1436:.
1408:.
1383:.
1352:.
1084:e
1077:t
1070:v
477:e
470:t
463:v
311:"
307:"
122:)
116:(
111:)
107:(
97:·
90:·
83:·
76:·
49:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
