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979:
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818:
1006:
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474:. These two senior guard units were closed to all but the highest ranking and wealthy noble families. Accordingly for lesser gentry, or ambitious commoners, service in the Musketeers was the only way to join a mounted unit in the royal household and perhaps catch the King's eye. However, enlistment did require both letters of recommendation and evidence that a recruit had the family means to support the costs of service. These included the provision of horses, swords, clothing, a servant and equipment. Only the musket, the sleeveless soubreveste and the distinctive blue cassock were provided by the monarch.
113:
1078:
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266:
661:, or Brown Bess. He was well trained by the standards of the time, training with live ammunition. A fully trained redcoat could fire four times a minute. This, combined with the technique of firing by companies (a method wherein blocks of men fired smaller volleys in succession, creating a wave of fire down the front of the regiment), made it possible for the British musketeer to win pitched battles against superior numbers.
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849:) and pointed cloth hat of a distinctive colour. By 1680, there were 20 regiments of Moscow streltsy totaling 20,048 men and comprising about 12 per cent of the total army (along with cossacks, militia and an increasing number of regular soldiers). In addition, there were significant numbers of frontier and garrison streltsy serving outside Moscow, although these were less formally drilled and equipped.
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streltsy revolted yet again while Peter was on his Great
Embassy in Europe. The four regiments involved were disbanded and 1,200 of the mutineers were executed. The remainder were exiled, had their property confiscated and were banned from future military employment. The entire corps was technically abolished in 1689; however, after having suffered
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created a bodyguard unit for himself. So as not to offend the king with a perceived sense of self-importance, Richelieu did not name them Garde du Corps like the king's personal guards, but rather
Musketeers after the Kings' junior guard cavalry. This was the start of a bitter rivalry between the two
293:
was a mixed infantry formation that theoretically could number up to 3,000 pikemen, swordsmen and musketeers; although it was usually much smaller on the battlefield. It was effective in its era, capitalizing on the close-quarter impact of the pike combined with the long-range projectile capabilities
852:
The
Muscovite government was chronically short of cash so that the streltsy were often not paid well. While "entitled" to something like four rubles a year in the 1550s, they were often allowed to farm or trade in order to supplement their incomes. Textiles for clothing and foodstuffs were sometimes
628:
brought to maturity the new style of fighting that made Sweden into a great power in the 17th century. This style of fighting became the new standard throughout Europe and its colonies in the latter stages of musket dominated warfare. Manuals based on Gustav's own revolutionised the training and
317:
was. Spanish field commanders wanted to bring the firepower of a small wall gun onto the battlefield yet have it be as maneuverable as an arquebus. The solution was a bigger arquebus, but the additional weight made it extremely difficult to support the barrel during aiming and firing; hence, the
887:
engaged in a process of gradual limitation of the streltsy's military and political influence. In order to counter their power, Peter began to raise a new regular army, still armed with muskets but disciplined, uniformed and organised along West
European lines. In spite of these measures, the
176:
people also built the first repeating firearm: several barrels behind a small wooden shield. The gunman would turn these barrels lighting each barrel with a slow match one by one. These weapons were most effective when fired from walls or high positions. Needham considered this weapon to be a
425:, contrary to the wishes of both the King's Musketeers and the Cardinal's Musketeers themselves. The Musketeers were subsequently reorganized as a guard cavalry regiment of two companies. The King's Musketeers became the first company, popularly known as "Grey Musketeers" (
895:
Gradually, the streltsy were incorporated into the regular army. At the same time, the
Tsarist government started to disband the Municipal Streltsy. Liquidation of the last streltsy units (by then social rather than military groups) was finally completed by 1728.
996:
481:
for budgetary reasons. Following the first
Bourbon Restoration, the Musketeers were reestablished on 6 July 1814 along with the other military units of the former royal household. These expensive and aristocratic regiments proved ineffective when
1205:
Once again the li hua ch'iang makes its appearance, but now alongside all kinds of more modern things, such as ... for field-guns, bullet moulds, and muskets, and even a kind of primitive machine- gun.96 The fire-lance was not yet
987:
1174:
makes its appearance, but now alongside all kinds of more modern things, such as mobile armoured shields for field-guns, bullet-moulds and muskets, and even a kind of primitive machine-gun. b The fire-lance was not yet quite
978:
437:) for riding grey and black horses, respectively. From their establishment, the musketeers wore blue cloak-like cassocks, lined with red and edged with silver embroidery. From 1688, the cassocks were replaced by smaller
443:
or sleeveless coats in the same colours. In the early decades of the corps, the musketeers had worn civilian dress under their cassocks, according to personal taste and means, but in 1677 a scarlet uniform was adopted.
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96:. Muskets were replaced by breech loading rifles as the almost universal firearm for modern armies during the period 1850 to 1870. The traditional designation of "musketeer" for an infantry private survived in the
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army from 1680 AD but they did not completely replace the spearmen, swordsmen and archers. In war, the
Musketeers were first to go into action as they fought in the front ranks of the army.
397:. Because of its later establishment, the Musketeers were open to the lower classes of French nobility or younger sons from noble families whose oldest sons served in the more prestigious
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326:. Due to the difficulty in manipulating the musket rest and the strength needed to handle the heavier gun, musketeers were stronger men and paid more than the rest of the infantry.
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322:. Furthermore, musketeers were the first infantry to give up armor entirely. Other than the musket rest, the musketeer's equipage was upgraded from a powder flask to a
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As one of the junior units in the Royal Guard, the
Musketeers were not closely linked to the royal family. Traditional bodyguard duties were in fact performed by the
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In the late 17th century, the
Streltsy of Moscow began to actively participate in a struggle for power between different government groups, supporting
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Their high esprit de corps gained royal favor for the
Musketeers, and they were frequently seen at court and in Paris. Shortly after their creation,
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was the staple unit in the British armies that created the largest empire in history. The British infantryman was equipped with the .75 calibre
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1526 CE. The weapon became an integral part of Indian warfare from the 16th century onward, mainly from the reign of the Mughal emperor
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and European musketeers together with detailed diagrams of their muskets. There was also an illustration and description of how the
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In terms of recruitment, entry into the Musketeers was much sought after by those sons of the aristocracy who did not possess the
145:
in the 12th century and was in widespread use there in the 13th century. It spread westward across Asia during the 14th century.
409:(Light Horse). The Musketeers, many of them still teenagers, soon gained a reputation for fighting spirit and unruly behaviour.
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into brief exile. Following the second restoration of the monarchy, the Musketeers were finally disbanded on 31 December 1815.
1993:
1852:
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92:, particularly in Europe, as they normally comprised the majority of their infantry. The musketeer was a precursor to the
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1927:
Kea, R. A. (1971). "Firearms and Warfare on the Gold and Slave Coasts from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries".
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744:) and were one of the earliest users of muskets in a military conflict. It also utilized large cannons, including the
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people had adopted the Ottoman kneeling position when firing, while favoring the use of European-made muskets. The
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made use of musketeers, firing from cover, to ambush opposing infantry, cavalry and elephants. Many Indian
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in function, but was far more flexible and deadly. Musketeers were developed by the Spanish during the
37:
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in 1745 the King's Musketeers served as regular cavalry, charging British infantry with drawn swords.
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2007:. Vol. 5, Part 7 Military Technology: The Gunpowder Epic. New York: Cambridge University Press.
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The musket was withdrawn from service with the British Army in 1854, replaced by the muzzle-loading
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788:, literally "shooter"; often translated as "musketeer", but more properly "harquebusier") were the
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Decades later, starting in 1844, this group was the subject of the now-famous serial publication
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Memoirs of Mister d'Artagnan, lieutenant captain of the first company of the King's Musketeers
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683:, which had an accurate range of over three times that of the Brown Bess which it replaced.
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431:), while the Cardinal's Musketeers became the second company, known as "Black Musketeers" (
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531:(c. 1611–1673). Other musketeers served as inspirations for some of the other characters.
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corps of Musketeers. At the cardinal's death in 1642, the company passed to his successor
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370:) with muskets. Musketeers fought in battle both on foot as infantry and on horseback as
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The term "musketeer" was rarely used in the titles of regiments. Examples include the
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Musketeer from Altblau regiment (1624–1650) from Swedish army with musket and with
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replaced the streltsy as the political and military force closest to the tsar.
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845:. The bearded strelsty were organized into regiments, each with a long coat (
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516:, capitaine lieutenant de la première compagnie des Mousquetaires du Roi
1873:
1190:
Chinese ideas about nature and society: studies in honour of Derk Bodde
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Joseph Needham; Gwei-Djen Lu; Ling Wang (1987). Joseph Needham (ed.).
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issued as part of their pay. A commander of one hundred musketeers (
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guardsmen l from the 16th to the early 18th centuries, armed with
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421:. At Mazarin's death in 1661, the Cardinal's Musketeers passed to
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were a junior unit, initially of roughly company strength, of the
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217:
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119:
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returned from Elba, mostly dispersing, though some accompanied
313:
was not powerful enough to take down an armored knight, but a
1988:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1539:
A History of the Regiments & Uniforms of the British Army
1162:(reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 254.
248:
created matchlock muskets for the Mughal infantry plus some
157:
dynasties (1644–1911). Zhao Shizhen's book of 1598 AD, the
1187:
Derk Bodde (1987). Charles Le Blanc; Susan Blader (eds.).
892:, the government retained some streltsy units in service.
859:) received up to 20 roubles a year and a regimental head (
598:(1760–1794), first husband of the future Empress Josephine
2027:
Military units and formations of the Early Modern period
543:(1598–1672), was fictionalized as Monsieur de Tréville.
527:(Cologne, 1700), a fictionalized account of the life of
149:
iers and musketeers were employed in the armies of the
1311:
Discourse on Spanish Musketry in the Late 16th Century
1272:
Discourse on Spanish Musketry in the Late 16th Century
535:(1617–1712) was the inspiration for Dumas's character
1850:(1991). "African Dimensions of the Stono Rebellion".
1159:
Science and civilisation in China, Volume 5, Part 7
829:sometime between 1545 and 1550 and armed with the
670:110th Regiment of Foot (Queen's Royal Musqueteers)
116:Ming gunman using multi barreled repeating firearm
674:112th Regiment of Foot (King's Royal Musqueteers)
920:
1890:(1988). "The Art of War in Angola, 1575–1680".
1309:Marek y Villarino de Brugge, Don André (2022).
1270:Marek y Villarino de Brugge, Don André (2022).
553:(died 1708), better known as the jailor of the
608:(1689), later lieutenant-general and historian
338:Uniforms of Musketeers of the Guard, 1660–1814
220:. It was used as an effective defense against
860:
854:
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294:of the musket. It resembled a loosely formed
8:
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500:
469:
463:
438:
432:
426:
404:
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390:
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1193:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 326.
931:in 1665. Musketeers were employed into the
1893:Comparative Studies in Society and History
1352:. Cambridge University Press. p. 274.
1333:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1294:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1221:Weapon: A Visual History of Arms and Armor
915:A small musketeer force was authorized in
872:and showing hostility towards any foreign
666:106th Regiment of Foot (Black Musqueteers)
580:(1698–1776), later a writer and playwright
477:In 1776, the Musketeers were disbanded by
1350:The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road
1313:(Revised ed.). Norwalk. p. 43.
1274:(Revised ed.). Norwalk. p. 19.
825:The first streltsy units were created by
676:, all raised and disbanded in the 1760s.
641:A heraldic supporter: a musketeer of the
505:between March and July 1844. The author,
529:Charles de Batz de Castelmore d'Artagnan
264:
184:
36:
1118:
974:
578:Germain-François Poullain de Saint-Foix
88:. Musketeers were an important part of
1326:
1287:
804:. They are also collectively known as
606:sous-brigadier des mousquetaires noirs
592:(1737–1821), later a Marshal of France
590:François-Henri de Franquetot de Coigny
562:(1640–1725), later a Marshal of France
27:Type of soldier equipped with a musket
2003:Needham, Joseph; et al. (1986).
1367:. Osprey Publishing. pp. 8, 15.
67:
7:
572:Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon
1467:. Bloomsbury USA. pp. 23, 28.
1249:. Bloomsbury USA. pp. 12, 16.
1146:Needham, Volume 5, Part 7, 449–452.
1137:Needham, Volume 5, Part 7, 447–454.
716:muskets as early as the 1440s. The
1985:Firearms: A Global History to 1700
1818:Peter the Great's Army 1: Infantry
1752:Peter the Great's Army 1: Infantry
1694:Peter the Great's Army 1: Infantry
1392:. Bloomsbury USA. pp. 22–23.
499:, first published in the magazine
318:musket rest, the precursor to the
25:
2005:Science and Civilisation in China
1417:. Osprey Publishing. p. 40.
841:in this unit became lifelong and
354:. They were created in 1622 when
197:Muskets were first introduced in
30:For other uses of this term, see
1517:. Bloomsbury USA. pp. 6–7.
1092:
1076:
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1040:
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1004:
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903:and Semenovsky regiments of the
566:Jean-François Leriget de La Faye
560:Pierre de Montesquiou d'Artagnan
833:. They first saw combat at the
700:An illustration of Janissaries.
551:Bénigne Dauvergne de Saint-Mars
1982:Chase, Kenneth Warren (2003).
1929:The Journal of African History
1853:The American Historical Review
1492:. Bloomsbury USA. p. 23.
1442:. Bloomsbury USA. p. 18.
1224:. DK Publishing. p. 100.
1:
1099:18th-century musketeers from
584:Thomas de Treil de Pardailhan
525:Gatien de Courtilz de Sandras
509:, based his work on the book
124:Musketeers in China from the
41:A Dutch musketeer, holding a
643:Honourable Artillery Company
366:", created by Louis' father
161:, contains illustrations of
1785:Armies of Ivan the Terrible
1665:. Bloomsbury USA. pp.
1661:Armies of Ivan the Terrible
1628:Armies of Ivan the Terrible
1595:Armies of Ivan the Terrible
883:in 1689, the government of
861:
855:
778:
629:tactics of western armies.
2063:
1789:. Bloomsbury USA. p.
1632:. Bloomsbury USA. p.
1599:. Bloomsbury USA. p.
1515:French Musketeer 1622–1775
1490:French Musketeer 1622–1775
1465:French Musketeer 1622–1775
1440:French Musketeer 1622–1775
1415:French Musketeer 1622–1775
1390:French Musketeer 1622–1775
1365:French Musketeer 1622–1775
755:
546:Other Musketeers include:
205:, being used by the first
32:Musketeer (disambiguation)
29:
1941:10.1017/S002185370001063X
1906:10.1017/S0010417500015231
1723:Middleton, Chris (1987).
1348:Parker, Geoffrey (1972).
890:a defeat at Narva in 1700
810:
784:
770:
539:. Jean-Armand du Peyrer,
177:"primitive machine-gun".
1513:Chartrand, Rene (2013).
1488:Chartrand, Rene (2013).
1463:Chartrand, Rene (2013).
1438:Chartrand, Rene (2013).
1413:Chartrand, Rene (2013).
1388:Chartrand, Rene (2013).
1363:Chartrand, Rene (2013).
736:used muskets to conquer
596:Alexandre de Beauharnais
1814:Konstam, Angus (1993).
1781:Shpakovsky, V. (2006).
1748:Konstam, Angus (1993).
1690:Konstam, Angus (1993).
1657:Shpakovsky, V. (2006).
1624:Shpakovsky, V. (2006).
1591:Shpakovsky, V. (2006).
1247:The French Army 1914–18
1245:Nicolle, David (1993).
645:, in sand, 19th century
602:Charles Sevin de Quincy
460:quarterings of nobility
358:furnished a company of
344:Musketeers of the Guard
302:so as to deal with the
214:first Battle of Panipat
1541:, Sphere Books, p. 95.
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507:Alexandre Dumas, père
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555:Man in the Iron Mask
496:The Three Musketeers
454:'s monument in Paris
181:Indian Sub-continent
98:Imperial German Army
90:early modern warfare
1725:Winds of Revolution
724:and extending into
659:Land Pattern Musket
541:Comte de Troisville
514:Monsieur d'Artagnan
434:mousquetaires noirs
250:combination weapons
2047:Combat occupations
881:Sophia Alekseyevna
879:After the fall of
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428:mousquetaires gris
414:Cardinal Richelieu
376:Battle of Fontenoy
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69:[muskətɛʁ]
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1888:Thornton, John K.
1848:Thornton, John K.
1524:978-1-78096-861-2
1499:978-1-78096-861-2
1474:978-1-78096-861-2
1449:978-1-78096-861-2
1399:978-1-78096-861-2
1231:978-0-7566-4219-8
862:streletski golova
827:Ivan the Terrible
811:Стрелецкое Войско
462:required for the
275:musketeer c. 1650
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806:Strelets Troops
760:
754:
720:, centering on
694:
689:
635:
622:Gustav II Adolf
615:
352:Royal Household
348:military branch
332:
304:heavily armored
263:
258:
203:Timurid dynasty
183:
135:
110:
74:
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47:Jacob van Gheyn
35:
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2014:
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1935:(2): 185–213.
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1727:. p. 22.
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901:Preobrazhensky
835:Siege of Kazan
756:Main article:
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750:
738:Constantinople
718:Ottoman Empire
693:
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690:
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655:British Empire
634:
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465:Garde du Corps
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360:light cavalry
357:
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66:
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19:
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1932:
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1271:
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1151:
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1133:
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914:
898:
894:
878:
867:
851:
846:
824:
805:
762:
761:
734:North Africa
710:Ottoman army
703:
678:
663:
649:The iconic "
648:
626:Swedish Army
616:
605:
545:
520:
512:Mémoires de
494:
492:
476:
457:
440:soubrevestes
411:
393:Cent-suisses
380:
341:
300:Italian Wars
290:
284:
281:Spanish army
278:
270:
199:Central-Asia
196:
193:infantryman.
158:
136:
126:Ming dynasty
65:mousquetaire
56:
54:
52:
1756:. pp.
1218:DK (2006).
965:Foot Guards
874:innovations
712:were using
681:Minié rifle
586:(1754–1822)
574:(1675–1755)
568:(1674–1731)
488:Louis XVIII
364:carabiniers
139:hand cannon
102:World War I
2042:Musketeers
2016:Categories
1995:0521822742
1822:. p.
1698:. p.
1669:& 21.
1566:. p.
1126:Chase 2003
1113:References
870:dissidents
843:hereditary
452:D'Artagnan
356:Louis XIII
201:under the
1965:163027192
1949:0021-8537
1914:144152478
1826:&12.
1329:cite book
1290:cite book
1128:, p. 141.
837:in 1552.
802:bardiches
714:matchlock
706:Janissary
653:" of the
502:Le Siècle
479:Louis XVI
423:Louis XIV
374:. At the
324:bandolier
246:gunsmiths
57:musketeer
18:Musketman
2032:Warriors
2022:Infantry
1554:(1995).
1101:Świdnica
1085:bardiche
950:Rifleman
945:Fusilier
939:See also
831:arquebus
798:firearms
779:strelets
771:Стрельцы
763:Streltsy
758:Streltsy
742:Istanbul
740:(modern
672:and the
484:Napoleon
389:and the
372:dragoons
368:Henry IV
315:wall gun
311:arquebus
230:Marathas
159:Shenqipu
147:Arquebus
94:rifleman
2037:Muskets
1976:Sources
1874:2164997
971:Gallery
923:mestiço
794:Russian
785:стрелец
767:Russian
726:Balkans
687:Eurasia
651:Redcoat
633:Britain
537:Porthos
350:of the
320:monopod
296:phalanx
289:or the
279:In the
234:Rajputs
226:Mughals
212:in the
166:Turkish
163:Ottoman
82:soldier
49:in 1608
1992:
1963:
1957:180879
1955:
1947:
1912:
1872:
1830:
1797:
1764:
1731:
1706:
1673:
1640:
1607:
1574:
1564:Osprey
1521:
1496:
1471:
1446:
1421:
1396:
1371:
1317:
1278:
1253:
1228:
1197:
1166:
911:Africa
856:sotnik
847:kaftan
752:Russia
730:Arabia
722:Turkey
668:, the
624:, the
613:Sweden
362:(the "
330:France
286:tercio
283:, the
272:tercio
256:Europe
224:. The
191:Mughal
100:until
86:musket
61:French
43:musket
1961:S2CID
1953:JSTOR
1910:S2CID
1870:JSTOR
1206:quite
933:Wydah
917:Kongo
790:units
775:sing.
523:) by
309:. An
261:Spain
242:Ahoms
238:Sikhs
218:Akbar
210:Babur
1990:ISBN
1945:ISSN
1828:ISBN
1795:ISBN
1762:ISBN
1729:ISBN
1704:ISBN
1671:ISBN
1638:ISBN
1605:ISBN
1572:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1494:ISBN
1469:ISBN
1444:ISBN
1419:ISBN
1394:ISBN
1369:ISBN
1335:link
1315:ISBN
1296:link
1276:ISBN
1251:ISBN
1226:ISBN
1195:ISBN
1175:dead
1164:ISBN
899:The
800:and
732:and
704:The
468:and
403:and
342:The
240:and
155:Qing
151:Ming
137:The
108:Asia
1937:doi
1902:doi
1862:doi
814:).
792:of
620:of
174:Han
170:Han
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1959:.
1951:.
1943:.
1933:12
1931:.
1908:.
1898:30
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1868:.
1858:96
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