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subsequently, complex changes to taxation of alcohol (and in some cases taxes were abolished or replaced with something else, only to be re-established later); but these different taxes were generally all known as müskirat resmi. Tax farming usually allowed tax collection to be done by a non-Muslim contractor, to avoid the need for a Muslim civil servant to be directly involved in the alcohol trade.
459:) to collect revenues from alcohol taxation. Tax reforms simplified the rate at 20%, and imported alcohol was subject to another müskirat charge (instead of customs), which ranged from 10% to 12%. In 1861, the general müskirat tax was reduced from 20% to 10% – but alcohol sellers were required to pay for additional permits (
438:
forbade alcohol, so there were no alcohol taxes in the early empire. However, the
Ottoman Empire acquired increasingly large non-Muslim populations, and inherited the taxes and customs of conquered territories; so in the seventeenth century an alcohol tax for non-Muslims was inaugurated. There were,
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400:
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463:; the cost was a proportion of their rent). Shortly afterwards, the rate increased to 15%. Towards the very end of the empire, further tax changes favoured
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619:
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Christian priests and monks were generally exempt from müskirat resmi on alcoholic drinks for their own personal use, and also for masses.
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History of the
Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Reform, revolution, and republic: the rise of modern Turkey, 1808-1975
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Shaw, Stanford (October 1975). "The
Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Tax Reforms and Revenue System".
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448:– a tax on "prohibited goods" – applied to alcohol sold in markets in the eighteenth century.
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The Arab world, Turkey, and the
Balkans (1878-1914): a handbook of historical statistics
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Only in 1926, were alcoholic drinks made legal for
Muslims (in what was, by then,
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era; the
Ministry of Finance established a separate department (
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610:. Cambridge University Press. 1977. pp.
509:Taxation and regulation of alcohol production
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538:International Journal of Middle East Studies
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499:Prohibition of intoxicants in Islamic law
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352:Ottoman Public Debt Administration
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584:. G.K. Hall. 1982. p. 169.
451:Müskirat resmi persisted in the
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642:Taxation in the Ottoman Empire
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27:Ottoman empire tax on alcohol
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550:10.1017/s0020743800025368
272:Evkaf-i Hümayun Nezareti
434:Strictly speaking, the
514:Alcohol laws of Turkey
621:978-0-521-29166-8
591:978-0-8161-8164-3
442:There was also a
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16:(Redirected from
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544:(4): 421–459.
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307:Kanun-i Raya
216:Selamet isni
191:Resm-i ganem
181:Resm-i dönüm
106:Gümrük resmi
61:Adet-i Ağnam
436:Islamic law
176:Resm-i çift
151:Otlak resmi
101:Damga resmi
81:Bac-i pazar
520:References
461:ruhsatname
347:Mütesellim
221:Tapu resmi
156:Rav akçesi
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312:Kanunname
236:Tuz resmi
636:Category
493:See also
484:monopoly
453:tanzimat
377:Tanzimat
337:Muhassil
332:Muafiyet
322:Merdiban
317:Malikâne
257:Ahidnâme
121:Ispendje
34:Taxation
504:Sin tax
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425:alcohol
362:Siyakat
292:Iltizam
231:Temettu
116:Ihtisab
36:in the
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480:Turkey
372:Tahrir
367:Sürsat
327:Millet
297:Istira
262:Defter
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76:Avarız
562:S2CID
554:JSTOR
241:Zakat
146:Nüzül
131:Maktu
111:Haraç
91:Cizye
71:Ashar
53:Taxes
616:ISBN
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473:rakı
469:wine
465:beer
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267:Emin
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