Mustang District - Knowledge (XXG)

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identify by themselves. Among the villages of Panchgaon, Mawatan Thankalis are from Marpha and Yhulkasompaimhi, Yhulgasummi or Yhulgasumpa Thakalis are from Thini, Syang and Chimang. While more than 80 per cent of the Tamang Thakali are found outside Thak Khola, nearly half of the total Mawatan Thakali population still live in Marpha village. Thini village, one of the oldest Thakali villages in Thak Khola region does not categorize itself within Panchgaonle (people from Panchgaon), instead they categorize themselves within Tingaonle Thakali (people from three villages) which includes Thini, Syang and Chimang. According to the informants from Thini, they do not categorize those people who are originated from Marpha and Chhairo as original Thakali. They even do not have socio-religious relationships such as marriage and other local religious activities with Marpha and Chhairo.

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recorded in a study. These 121 plants included 49 vascular plants and 2 fungi species from 92 genera. These plants, including different parts of the same plant, were used to treat 116 different ailments. The most common type of medicinal plants were herbs (73%), which was followed by shrubs, trees, and, finally, climbers. Over 200 species of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) and medicinal and aromatic herbs (MAP) have been identified in Mustang. These plants were found to be used as medicine (50 species), food (33), fuel (27), fencing (24), fodder (19), ritual object (19), decoration (8), manure (7), dye/soap (3), psychoactive (3), and construction material (2 species).

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transported by mules to reach remote villages, which as a result arrive late. Most teachers, hired on contract, are unable to hold a conversation in the supposed language of instruction, the mother tongue of the students. The curricula developed with European funding is largely unfamiliar to government teachers. The district school superintendent also does not visit these areas regularly because of their remoteness. The total population aged 5 years & above in Mustang is 12,588, of whom 8,334 (66.20%) can read & write, 305 (2.42%) can only read and 3,945 (31.33%) can neither read nor write.

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the late 15th century and located just southwest of Jampa Gompa; Chodey Gompa, now the main city gompa; and the Choprang Gompa, which is popularly known as the "New Gompa". It is noted by scholars as one of the best preserved medieval fortresses and a candidate for UNESCO World Heritage status. The windswept and arid land around Lo Manthang, located at an altitude between 3000m and 3500m, is not suitable for agriculture at all. However, there are a number of small streams, where willows grow along with wheat, potatoes and barley. The most famous festival here is

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squares. The roofs are extremely uniform and smooth; and on each corner, a small square is constructed so that prayer flags may be hung there. Most houses are built close together and have no windows, only holes in the walls to protect against the high speed winds that race up the mountains. A Lopa home almost never built toward the South because of the fierceness of these winds. This is a drawback in summertime as the houses grow very hot due to a lack of appropriate ventilation. Hence, people often sleep on the terraces during the summer to escape the heat.

3524: 6015: 2746:& equivalent, 509 intermediate & equivalent, graduate & equivalent 208, post graduate equivalent & above 51, Others 73, Non-formal education 471, Not stated 26. In 2017, Most of the students in Mustang were not in an age-appropriate class and did not progress to higher education. Education has improved dramatically in the past two decades in Upper Mustang, and some schools supported by international charities are better than many public schools in rural Nepal, although it is uncertain if the schools can sustainable. 1271: 2093: 87: 3042: 75: 663:, the third least populated, to the west. The Tibetan frontier stretches north from Mustang's borders. Mustang is divided into two sub-regions, Lower and Upper. This is a high-altitude trans-Himalayan region spread over 3,640 square kilometres in area barely north of the main Himalayan mountain range. Geographically this cold high-altitude steppe is a part of the Tibetan highlands. This boot-shaped piece of land thrusts north into western Tibet is caught in the rain shadow of 1946: 2659: 1645: 2021: 2884:

neighbouring district of Manag, and specifically in Jharkot, over the last couple of decades. Both number of people living in the district, their animal herds and the number of large households in a village are down from before. In Muktinath VDC the number of households came down to 169 from a high of 216 in 2001. Though agro-pastoralism still provides the economic and social backbone of Mustang, many of the terraced fields are now abandoned.

3008:, 24 use electricity, while cooking fuel of 19 households are unknown. As lighting fuel, 3,177 use electricity (including 824 solar electricity using households), 71 use kerosene, while 39 households did not report their lighting fuel. The lower part of Mustang has recently been connected to the National Electricity Grid. This project is attempting to connect Upper Mustang too. Right now, most of the households of Upper Mustang benefit from 1982: 2147: 2864: 648: 6316: 1751: 2158: 2840:, prices of consumer goods increased three-fold as the border was closed. Nepal is expecting to regain some of the strategic importance of Mustang with the construction of the road to connect China with Nepal through Mustang. The road is expected to become a highly accessible Himalayan corridor and the district is expected to change significantly. There also is a fear of losing the culture and identity of the region. 3572:

per day fee to the local economy. Visitation, however, continued uninterrupted beyond that date. Now that upper Mustang is open to foreigners on a restricted basis, the Lopa have increased the number of horses kept in the hopes of benefiting from tourism. Trekkers in this and other restricted areas of Nepal are required by government regulation to porter in all food and fuel, thereby minimising environmental impact.

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had telephones, and 2,353 households had mobile phones. 89 households had motor vehicles, 224 had motorcycles, 9 had bicycles, and 455 had other vehicle (i.e. animal-drawn or human-drawn vehicles). 202 households had refrigerators. There are seven police stations established in Nechung, Thinkar, Kagbeni, Phedi, Jomsom, Ghasa and Lete. Jharkot and Jhong has post offices, while there is a bank,

1770: 873: 2412: 6459: 6115: 105: 2759: 6062: 2806: 3484: 6079: 6054: 1970: 6032: 2286: 1820:. The central town of Baragaon is Kagbeni, at the confluence of Muktinath or Dzong (Jhong) River and Kali Gandaki River. Kagbeni is on the well-traveled route to the pilgrimage site of Muktinath. Tibetan dialect (Pheke) prevails here, though the people of Tangbe, Chhusang, Tetang, Tsaile and Ghyaker also speak Seke, a language closely related to Thakali. 1898:. But, they use surname like Bista and Gurung outside their lands. The restricted area, lying between Tibetan border and Ghemi village, encompasses the historic kingdom of Lo Tsho Dyun ("seven districts of Lo" in local Tibetan dialect of Loke). Lo Manthang is the only walled city of Nepal and it is also known as the cultural capital of this area. The 2770: 2075:. Sometimes marriages are made by parental agreement, other times by capture or elopement. Like other people who live in harsh terrains, they are generous and kind, and also are shrewd businesspersons. One tradition says that the eldest son will inherit the family's property. When he does, the next son must become a Buddhist monk. 1624: 1112:(1930–2016), Bista succeeded his father H.H. Sri Sri Sri Raja Angun Tenzing Tandul in 1964, and whose lineage dates back to Ame Pal, who founded the Kingdom of Lo six and half century earlier, He died on 16 December 2016 after living a retired life largely in Kathmandu since 2008 when Nepal abolished its own monarchy. 2050: 3571:

trekkers now visit each year, with just over 2000 foreign tourists in 2008. August and October are the peak visiting months. On August 27, 2010, local youth leaders in Mustang threatened to bar tourists beginning October 1, 2010 due to the refusal of the Nepalese government to provide any of the $ 50

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For lighting, hydro-electricity is widely used by the rural population. Nearly 71.20 percent households depend on electricity for light. Areas within southern VDCs - Kunjo, Lete, Kobang, Tukuche, Marpha and Jomsom- are connected with national grid for electricity supply. Still more than 25.48 percent

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Agriculture is the dominant economic activity in the district in which 80.65 percent people are engaged in the district. People of Mustang are engaged in a traditional form of agro-pastoralist economy common to the mountainous regions of Nepal. Business (6.82%), government service (1.91%), house work

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Vegetation of Mustang District is of the steppe type and consists of grasslands interspersed with scrub. Cold desiccating winds, a short growing season, low precipitation and cold air temperatures limit the standing biomass produced from the steppe vegetation. Scrub is dominated by Juniperus squamata

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Mustang is rich in trans-Himalayan biodiversity, where five species of zooplankton, seven nematode species, two mollusc species, one annelid species, 25 insect species (seven aquatic insects and 18 butterfly species), one spider species, 11 amphibian species, eight lizard species, five snake species,

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encompasses 13 villages along Thak Khaki, a segment of the Kali Gandaki located south of Jomsom (also called Tehragaon or "thirteen villages"): Ghasa, Taglung, Dhamphu, Kunjo, Titi, Sauru Khanti, Lete, Kobang, Nakung, Naurikot, Bhurjungkot, Larjung and Tukuche. They were distributed across four VDCs:

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made from a variety of fruits (pear, apricot, apple) produced on a farm managed by the Pasang Sherpa. There are safe water stations in Ghasa, Near Lete at ACAP museum, Kobang, Tukche, Marpha, between Jomsom and Dhapus Peak, Kagbeni and Muktinath. Thorung, Phedi, Letdar, Manang, Humde, Pisang, Chame,

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Some of the top tourist attractions are Lomanthang, Muktinath, the Mustangi royal palace, Tibetan art and culture, and trekking in the Annapurna Circuit. In addition to trekking routes through the Lo Kingdom (Upper Mustang) and along the Annapurna Circuit (lower Mustang), the district is also famous

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Though agro-pastoralism still provides the socio-economic backbone of Mustang, alternative livelihood like tourism, transport and labour migration are now emerging along agro-pastoralism. As a result, many has abandoned agriculture or animal husbandry as source of livelihood generally in Mustang and

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In the summer, goats, cows and sheep are grazed daily in herds in local alpine meadows. During the winter they are stall-fed with leaves, grass and crop wastes, cut and stored in the growing season as preparation for winter. The livestock provides the manure essential to maintain soil fertility, and

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and the Raja's or Royal or King's Palace, a nine-cornered, five story structure built around 1400. There are four major temples: Jampa Lhakhang or Jampa Gompa, the oldest, built in the early 15th century and also known as the "God house"; Thubchen Gompa, a huge, red assembly hall and gompa built in

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Baragaon ("Twelve Villages") is a northerly sub-region lying between Jomsom and the region of Lo, in and around the Muktinath Valley, extending from south of Ghilling to Lubra lying north of Jomsom. It is sometimes called Glo Bosmad ("Lower Lo"), as it shares many geographical features of Lo proper,

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The dominant ethnic group is Thakali, also known as Panchgaonle ("people of Panchgaon"). People from Marpha, Chhairo and Chimang write clan names as their surname. The four clans are Hirachan, Lalchan, Jwarchan and Pannachan. But the people from Thini and Syang write their surname as only Thakali to

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in Mustang, who are known to outsiders as just Thakkalis. The Thakkalis of Mustang, known for their enterprising skills as traders, innkeepers and hoteliers, are divided into four clans: Khuki (Bhattachan), Choki (Gauchan), Dinjen (Sherchan) and Salki (Tulachan). The introduction of horticulture and

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are the dominant ethnic group. The area, extending from Ghasa in south to district headquarter Jomsom in the north, is known as Thak Khola ("Thak River"). The area was ruled by a Tibetan ruler till 1786, when it was included in Nepal. Historically, the region was under Tibetan ruler, but after 1786,

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Average elevation of Mustang is 13,200 ft (4,023m), coming to a peak at 8,167m — the summit of Dhaulagiri. It is a vast and arid valley, distinguished by eroded canyons, vividly coloured stratified rock formations and barren high-altitude deserts. The area receives an average annual rainfall of

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Lo was out-of-bounds for foreigners until 1992. Although it is now open on a restricted basis to foreign travellers, tourism to the region is still strictly restricted and hard to access. The Nepalese government have introduced a surcharge for anyone trekking past Kagbeni, which marks the border of

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The sign says, "Now you are entering the restricted area of "Upper Mustang". Not allowed to proceed further from here without holding special trekking permit issued by the department of immigration, Kathmandu. You must have to register yourself at ACAP’S check-post and visitor's information centre.

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projects. But, these projects can only be operated for about 6–7 months due to freezing of rivers in winter. The VDCs facilitated with electricity from National grid are Kunjo, Lete, Kobang, Tukuchhe, Marpha, Jomsom, Kagbeni, Mukthinath and Jhong. A sub-station of 504 Kilowatts has been established

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systems, back-boilers, smoke water heaters, etc. have taken increasingly being popular. Fire wood, Cow dung, LP gas are the main fuel used as domestic source of energy in rural areas of Mustang District. About 54.01 percent households apply wood/firewood as the domestic energy for cooking purposes.

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More than 91.65 percent population of the district is benefited by secured drinking water supply whereas 8.35 percent population of the district is unsecured. Tap/pipe water are considered as secured system of water supply. In Mustang District 3029 households use tap/pipes, 174 using river/streams,

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first came to Upper Mustang in 2007, people used to pay 20 rupees (18 cents) for a three-hour sitting in someone's house. In 2011, 1,033 households had cable television, 1,237 households had radio, and 451 had television without a cable connection. 101 households had computers, 48 had internet, 240

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remains a trading route to this day. For centuries, caravans travelled along the Kali Gandaki river trading salt, yak wool, cereals, dried meat spices and more in Tibet, China and India. and the Kali Gandaki gorge was used as a trade route between India and Tibet for centuries. The mountain pass of

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The elevation of the district range from 1640m in nearby Kopchepani under Kunjo VDC to 7061m in Nilgiri North above from the sea level. The peaks above 6000m in Mustang District are Tukuche peak (6920m), Nilgiri South (6839m), Yakwakang Peak (6462m), and Damodar Himal (6004m). Thorung Pass (5416m),

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Mustang is sometimes called the capital of apples in Nepal. District Agriculture Development Office (DADO) reports that despite the fact that a total of 1,115 hectares of land is considered suitable for apple-farming in Mustang, apple is planted in only 415 hectares of land. Mustang produced 5,300

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For 14,981 people Mustang District had a total of 17 health posts, with a health post to population ration of 1:881. While that is better than the national average of 1:5663, these posts cannot be easily accessed because of the remoteness of locations and ruggedness of terrain. There are 10 health

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from 1960 to 1990, which forms the lowest strata of local administration. To be entitled to common property resources like pastures, forests and water for irrigation, it was necessary for a household to become a member and participate in the community council. Any endowment of such entitlement was

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According to the Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP), a total of 39,017 tourists visited Mustang District in 2016. According to Tulasi Dahal, the Jomsom Chief of ACAP, 15,478 of these visitors were from India alone. It shows a considerable rise in the number of tourists over the 23,272 who

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They use a stone slab to grind their medicine, because they believe the heat created by an electric grinder would degrade the active principles of the plant powder, reducing its quality. Powdered ingredients are then mixed with water. Sufficient amount of additives are also added. Plant parts are

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use 72 species of medicinal plants to treat 43 human ailments. They use different forms of medication including pastes (60 species), powders (48), decoctions (35), tablets (7), pills (5), cold infusions (5), and others means, administered through oral, nasal, topical and other routes. Most people

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According to demographic data published by Population and Housing Census 2011 (National Report), 13,452 people lived in Mustang spread across an area of 3,573 km (1,380 sq mi), making it the second least populated district and, with a population density of 4 per km, also the second

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Mustang is rich in medicinal and aromatic plants with very high economic and ethnomedicinal values. Local people use a number of plants for food, spices, fibre, medicine, fuel, dye, tannin, gum, resin, religious purposes, roofing materials, handicrafts, etc. Medicinal use of 121 plant species was

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Forest covers 3.24 percent of Mustang's total landmass. Forest cover ends near Jomsom and is very limited in Upper Mustang, which falls in the Alpine climatic area. It is distributed over one small patch each in Lo Manthang and Dhami VDCs, and seven patches in Chhuksang VDC. The vegetation of the

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Panchgaon ("five villages") lies between the trading town of Tukche and the pilgrimage site of Muktinath. Beyond the five villages — Marpha, Chhairo, Chimang, Syang and Thini — this area also includes more recent settlements such as Jomsom, Drumpa and Samle. All these settlements were

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Individual households managed their private farms, while the council managed the community farm-system. The pastures and forests were exclusive to each community, where every household had an entitlement graze or collect wood, though collecting leaves and wood from trees in private ownership were

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Lower Kali Gandaki valley forms the border to demarcate east and west for the distribution of flora and fauna of Mustang. It is rich in both temperate and trans-Himalayan biodiversity with flora and fauna that are most common to those that are highly rare. Though biodiversity of Upper Mustang is

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Many people in Mustang depend on sheep and mountain goat rearing for livelihood. Some of the points of attraction of animal husbandry are: access to pastureland, proximity to the Kora La border pass, and favourable market prices, as well as and technical help and subsidy from District Livestock

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and other structures within the wall were built by Ame Pal, the first king of Lo, during the period of the 15th century. His lineage is recognized as the royal family of Mustang. Lo Tsho Dyun area consists of Ghiling, Ghemi, Dhakmar, Marang, Tsarang, Dhi, Surkhang, Yara, Ghara, Tangya, Dhea, Lo

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ceased to exist on October 7, 2008, by order of the Government of Nepal. After the civil war that overthrew the Nepalese monarchy, it became a republic. Mustang became another district of Nepal losing its status of a tributary kingdom it enjoyed since the late eighteenth century. Mustang is the

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in the Lower Mustang. Spring and autumn are generally dry, but some precipitation is brought by summer monsoons, which averaged 133 mm at Jomsom between 1973 and 2000. The mean minimum monthly air temperature falls to -2.7 °C in winter while the maximum monthly air temperature reaches

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80 which had reached रु 100 in 2017. Barley, wheat and buckwheat are grown in terraced farms, while vegetables and fruits are grown in orchards. At Mebrak and Phudzeling sites of Upper Mustang, there is evidence of cultivation of buckwheat, naked barley, cannabis, lentils and other crops dated

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Mustang was an important route of crossing the Himalayas between Tibet and Nepal. Many salt caravans travelled through Mustang in the old times. Once a major thoroughfare for the trade of salt and grain between Tibet and Nepal's southern hills, the Mustang District in Nepal's western Himalayas

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Lo Manthang is the socio-cultural and political center of the ethnic Lopa people, the original inhabitants of Mustang. Their mud-brick homes are much like Tibetan homes, whitewashed outside and decorated inside. They build their homes out of stone, making the roofs out of thinly chiseled stone

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A total of 768 people had SLC or higher education in 2011. Of them 164 studied Humanities and Arts, 170 studied Business and Administration, 167 Education, 43 Social & Behavioral Science, 47 Science, 13 Engineering, Manufacturing and Construction, 12 Health, 11 Agriculture, Forestry &

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Thak Satsae ("Seven Hundred Thak") is the most southerly sub-region of Mustang. The sub-region extends from the village of Ghasa in the south to the trading town of Tukuche in the north, bordering Jomsom (the district headquarter). Traditionally believed to have 700 households, the sub-region

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Improved transportation has brought many changes to Upper Mustang. According to GMA News Online, "Kerosene lamps have given way to solar panels, denim sneakers have replaced hand-stitched cowhide boots and satellite dishes are taking over the rooftops of homes," and the local Lopa people are

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The literacy rate in Mustang District is high. The pace of development started late in Mustang District, including the communication and transportation. Schools in the district are operated largely by non-government groups on private support, with negligible state involvement. Text books are

2138:, has been identified as the highest elevation fish in Nepal. Six of the mammal species recorded from Mustang area are protected by the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act (1973), while seven of the mammal species are included in different threat categories of IUCN Red Data Book. 3017:

household use solar systems for light, kerosene (2.15%) and other sources of energy (1.18%). The Hydro Power Project of Chokhopani generates 744 KW of electrical energy. There are two micro-hydro plants currently working and two are under construction. Despite significant potential,

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between Tibet and Nepalese kingdoms. The border was closed in the 1960s. However, a semiannual cross-border trade fair remained, during which the border was open to local traders. In 2012, Nepal and China agreed to open 6 more official border crossings, Kora La being one of them.

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People in the district are mostly holds small housing units for dwelling. According to demographic data published by Population and Housing Census 2011 (National Report), Mustang had 3,305 households in the district, second lowest in Nepal, with an average household size of 4.01.

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with some parts falling inside Upper Mustang. The people who live are not categorized as Thakali. They are known to outsider as Bhotia ("Tibetan") or Baragaonle ("People of Baragaon") and they share cultural similarities with Lo, though they often use Gurung, Bista or

1506: 443:. The name "Mustang" is derived from the Tibetan word meaning, "Plain of Aspiration." Upper Mustang was only opened to foreigners in 1992 (annual quota at present of 1,000 people). It is a popular area for trekking and can be visited year round (regardless of season). 3406:

The ancestral isolation of Mustang helped to retain its ancient culture largely unviolated, and it survives as one of the last bastion of traditional Tibetan life. In this ancient forbidden kingdom traditions have survived longer than in Tibet proper following its

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Fishery, 9 Mathematics and Statistics, 8 Law, 3 Computing, and 1 Journalism and Information. 120 did not state their academic stream in the 2011 census. In 2017, Nepal Fine Arts Academy recently organised an art workshop for students of Mustang District in Jomsom.

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because of its strategic location. In 1380, Lo became an independent kingdom under Ame Pal. The last royal family traced its lineage for 25 generations, all the way back to Ame Pal. Ame Pal oversaw the founding and building of much of the Lo and Mustang capital of

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it was included in Nepal. Ethnically, Thakalis are categorized as Tamang Thakalis from Thak Satsae, and Mawatan Thakali and Yhulkasompaimhi Thakalis from Panchgaon. The languages spoken by Thakalis fall in Tibeto-Burman category, and they believe in Buddhism.

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arguably the world's highest and busiest pass, is located in this district. This district share 134.16 km (83.36 mi) long international border with Tibet Autonomous Region of China where 16 boundary pillars are in existence from pillar no. 18–33.

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Socially, the They are divided into three groups, one of which contains those of royal heritage. Rules of society are based on the values of respect and honour. The structure of their families is also based on these and other traditions. They practice

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to the south, stripping the Lopa of much income. In 1959, Tibetans started crossing the border and encroaching on the small plots of pastureland Lopas used to feed their sheep, yaks, donkeys and mules, causing Lopa wealth to deteriorate further.

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23.1 °C in summer. Both diurnal and annual variations in temperature are large. Only about 40.3 square kilometers, about 1 percent of the total land area, is cultivated and 1,477 square kilometers, about 40%, is pasture land.

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operated out of Upper Mustang with the intention of raiding PLA positions in Tibet, which led to a border incident that caused the killing of a Nepalese officer who was mistaken as a Tibetan rebel. These guerrillas were aided by

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Lhopa men at Yartung, the biggest festival in Nepal's trans-Himalayan region that happens every September. Apart from the festivities it features popular horse-riding competitions that attract competitors from even the Nepalese

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or Sky Caves of Nepal are a collection of some 10,000 man-made caves dug into the sides of valleys in the Mustang. Several groups of archaeologists and researchers have explored these stacked caves and found partially

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districts. Geographically, Lower Mustang lies between the Tibetan Plateau in the North and high Himalayan Mountains in the South. The region between the Tibetan Plateau and Himalayan Mountain is called Trans-Himalaya.

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designated 06/24 which measures 2,424 by 66 feet (739 m × 20 m). There is a down slope of 1.75% up to about 418 feet (127 m) from the threshold of runway 06. There are also scheduled flights from

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The Raja of La, for instance, continued to pay tithes to Lhasa until the 1950s. For more information about the historical connections between Tibet and Mustang, see Jackson 1978, Vinding 1988, and Ramble 1993 a and

3347: 1219:. Research groups have continue to investigate these caves, as it is not clear who built the caves and why were they built. According to theory, they may date back to 8–10,000 BCE when Mustang was much greener. 1207:, dating back to the 13th century. In 2008, a number of 600-year-old human skeletons were discovered by a second expedition. They also recovered reams of invaluable manuscripts containing writings from both the 438:

was a restricted area until 1992, which makes it one of the most preserved regions in the world due to its relative isolation from the outside world, with a majority of the population still speaking traditional

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Meanwhile, Nepal is building a road north along the Kali Gandaki River, to within 9 kilometres (6 mi) of Lo Manthang as of 2010. But, road-building from the south was inhibited by difficulties along the

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have a unique method of maintaining quality of the medicine. They collect medicinal plants always on their own, because only they have experience extensive enough to identify the right plants. Also, only an

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According to the 1992 Census, the total population of the district was 14,319, not including temporary residents such as government and army officials, police, development workers, and Tibetan refugees.

4331: 2118:), and seven mammal species have only been recorded in Mustang in Nepal. Out of the 18 butterfly species recorded in Mustang, two are new and three are endemic to the area. Mustang is the habitat for 4859:

A farming system is defined as "any level of unit(s) engaged in agricultural production as it is wedded in a social, political, economic, and environmental context". Ref: B.L. Turner and S.B. Brush,

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travelled to Mustang in the 1950s. Their tales of a Tibetan kingdom in an arid and locked off from the rest of the world ignited the interest in Mustang District. The first westerner in Mustang was

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divide. From there, it flows south towards the northern Indian plains through the ancient kingdom of Mustang. It flows through a sheer-sided, deep canyon immediately south of the Mustang capital of

3329:(VFR) flight about 15% of the time. As the wind often prevents airport operation after midday, airlines schedule flights to Jomsom for the early morning when wind speeds are low. In the 2013 movie 62: 916:

area of Tibet and a loose collection of feudal estates, their history is also tied to Tibetan religion and culture, geography, and politics. It was often closely linked to adjoining kingdoms of

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fled Tibet through this area. In response, China built a border fence immediately after. There is a PLA border outpost a few miles on Chinese side, it is the westernmost border outpost in

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Cow dung is used by 24.99 percent households. Most of the businesses and hotels of the district use LP gas (18.12%) as cooking fuel. Local people collect firewood mostly from the forest.

4900: 994: 454:, the largest protected area of Nepal. Development programmes, tourism management, and so on are primarily overseen by the Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP), a division of the 3132:

vehicles. A gravel road leading to Kora La had been completed ahead of the border crossing's opening in 2023. This road continues from the border about 50 kilometres (31 mi) into

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high point of 4660 m at Kora La on the Mustang-TAR border, the lowest drivable corridor through the Himalayas linking the Tibetan Plateau via Nepal to the tropical Indian plains

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270 million by exporting 13,000 sheep and 9,000 mountain goats. In 2017, the district supplied at least 25,000 sheep and mountain goats to different markets of Nepal during the

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festival. An estimated number of 9,000 mountain goats assumed as imported from Tibet in 2017, though traditional Tibetan traders are increasingly prioritizing Chinese markets.

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human bodies and skeletons that are at least 2,000–3,000 years old. Explorations of these caves by conservators and archaeologists have also led to the discovery of valuable

1072:. The suzerainty allowed for a certain level of independence in local governance from the Nepalese central government. Though still recognized by many Mustang residents, the 1615:, though it is becoming increasingly difficult to distinguish between areas along social lines as different castes and ethnic people started to live all over the region. 5172: 2673:

Because of low access to facilities and other socio-cultural factors, for most people in Mustang, traditional herbal medicines are the popular mode of medical care and

844:

The Kali Gandaki Gorge or Andha Galchi, measured by the difference between the river height and the heights of the highest peaks on either side, is the world's deepest

3686: 2028:

Lo Monthang features the King's Palace and many monasteries that are being restored by art historians Europe. The village is noted for its tall white washed mud brick

3913: 5877: 6916: 2710:, to remain effective for a couple of years. Horn and urine of musk deer and tortoise bones, as well as parts of other animal are also used along with plant parts. 5322: 6340: 6165: 5990: 2938:

By size: One person 465, Two persons 610, Three persons 744, Four persons 602, Five persons 434, Six persons 280, Seven/eight persons 120; Nine or more persons 99

2730:(2) and oil (1) in preparing pills in round or rectangular shapes. The mix is then boiled until water is completely evaporated making it easy to shape the pills. 419:. The district is one of the remotest areas in Nepal and is second in terms of the sparsity of population. The elevation ranges from 1,372 to 8,167 meters (Mount 5311: 5289: 2062:

The Lopa are primarily farmers, shepherds, or merchants. Tibet traditionally traded with Lopas, but in mid-18th century salt-trade monopoly was awarded to the

3576:

visited in the previous year. The highest number of tourists arrived in the month of May with 6,816 visitors and the lowest was recorded in January with 365.

3128:, and proceeded incrementally. In 2010, a 9 kilometres (6 mi) gap remained but the road was completed before 2015 and is suitable for high clearance and 1688:

tourism has made this region prosperous. Various kinds of liquor, Jam and Jelly made up of apple, apricot and plum are very popular commodities of this area.

2880:

between 1000 and 400 BCE. In Kohla, there is evidence of cultivation of barley, free-threshing wheat, foxtail millet, buckwheat and oats dated 1385–780 BCE.

5300: 2904:

By inner wall material: Mud bonded bricks/stone 2,366, Cement bonded bricks/stone 303, Wood/planks 29, Bamboo 9, Unbaked brick 565, Others 10, Not stated 23

6872: 2984:

Mustang District is not much facilitated by the National Electricity Grid. So, alternate sources of energy are mostly used in this district. In the past,

2001:

with 876 people living in 178 households, is the capital of the old kingdom of Lo, which encompasses the northern two thirds of the district and known as

6243: 5092: 4702: 2848:

Services Office. Yak-cow hybrids (called jhopa, or dzo) are employed as draft animals. Horses are reared largely for transport. In 2016, Mustang earned

2670:

posts and five sub health posts scattered throughout Lete, Kobang, Tukche, Marpha, Eklebhatti, Jarkot, Kagbeni and Chame. Jomsom has the only hospital.

6189: 5581: 6333: 2623:

Age of first marriage for Mustang people are varied: 15–19 Years 1,603, 20–24 Years 3,016, 25–29 Years 1,677, and others 1,030 (total married 7,326).

74: 4836:

Flexibility of Scope, Type and Temporality in Mustang, Nepal. Opportunities for Adaptation in a Farming System Facing Climatic and Market Uncertainty

6179: 2714:

commonly prepared using water, hot or cold, as the solvent (100 species), but occasionally remedies are prepared with milk (14 species), honey (2),

426:

Mustang was an ancient forbidden kingdom, bordered by the Tibetan Plateau and sheltered by some of world's tallest peaks, including 8000-meter tall

3464: 2901:

By foundation material: Mud bonded bricks/stone 3,097, Cement bonded bricks/stone 146, RCC with pillar 3, Wooden pillar 31, Others 7, Not stated 21

1180:

paintings, sculptures, manuscripts and numerous artefacts belonging to the 12th to 14th century. The caves lie on the steep valley walls near the

5742: 4521: 2697:

knows when to collect the plants, as the timing, while very important in capturing active principles of the plants, varies by days, even months.

1394:

until restructuring of local governance of Nepal, the area of this district was divided into one parliamentary constituency, nine Ilakas, and 16

3614: 963:, unified what was a land of many small kingdoms to forge the kingdom of Nepal. Before that much of present-day Mustang was ruled by kings from 4356: 3813: 455: 3051: 400:. The district covers an area of 3,573 km (1,380 sq mi) and in 2011 had a population of 13,452. The headquarters is located at 4157:(1:100,000 map), Nepal-Kartenwerk der Arbeitgemeinschaft für vergleichende Hochgebirgsforschung Nr. 9, Nelles Verlag, Munich, 1993. Also see 1998: 1395: 1303: 773: 5692: 4211:

Sven Hedin's Transhimalaya (published 1909 by MacMillan & Co, Ltd, London), Vol II, pgs. 78-79 in the Chapter headed "A peep into Nepal"

3395:

Upper Mustang. Foreign tourists are required by the Nepalese Department of Immigration to acquire special permits, pay fairly steep fees of

6143: 4488: 4266: 3621: 1130: 5564:, National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC)/Government of Nepal/United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP), Kathmandu, Nepal, 2008. 4686: 4578: 3026: 5960: 4643: 2742:

Out of a total 8,451 literate people 275 were beginners, 3,650 primary (1-5), 1,631 lower secondary (6 -8), 721 secondary (9 -10), 836

5983: 5149: 2743: 1033: 5884: 5061: 4396: 4308: 4036: 1379: 2218:

district can be categorized into some eight types, including six types of mixed forest identified by the dominant species —

5764: 5672: 3399:

50 per day per person, and be accompanied by a liaison (guide) to protect local tradition and environment from outside influence.

2907:

By roof material: Thatch/straw 31, Galvanized iron 192, Tile/slate 83, RCC 26, Wood/planks 20, Mud 2,902, Others 23, Not stated 28

182: 5425: 5395: 5378: 5357: 5339: 2875:

tons of apples in 2017, an increase by 800 tons over 2016. Price of apples also increased in 2017. In 2016, apples were sold at

967:, a region to the southwest, and independent kings and feudal lords. At the end of the 18th century, the kingdom was annexed by 5260: 4010: 3243: 2969: 2944: 2916: 157: 147: 86: 5633: 5451: 5169: 3120:

some 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of the border. Till today Manang and Humde are accessible only on feet or on horseback.

1957: 6236: 6184: 6128: 4950: 4427:"A Himalayan Border Trilogy: The Political Economies of Transport Infrastructure and Disaster Relief between China and Nepal" 4368: 3918: 4930: 3860: 3501: 1696: 5976: 5888: 3033:, Mustang has a potential of 2500 MW of wind electricity. 853 households have solar home systems for lighting in 10 VDCs. 2777: 1595:

Traditionally, Mustang District has been divided into four social and geographical regions. From south to north they are:

1011: 908:

Much of the history of Mustang is about legends rather than documented facts. However, it is believed that Mustang or the

481: 6277: 5833: 2860:

thus is a significant link in the local agro-pastoral farming-system. Inorganic fertilisers or pesticides are not used.

2825: 3387:, Swiss explorer and geologist, who visited the Kingdom in 1952 during one of his travels across the Himalayas. French 3335:

produced by DisneyToon Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures one of the stops in Wings Across the World race is

3096:

in 1950. China eventually decided to revitalize trade and in 2001 completed a 20 kilometres (12 mi) road from the

3080:

of Nepal is on an ancient trade route between Nepal and Tibet exploiting the lowest 4,660 metres (15,300 ft) pass

5861: 3400: 3391:

is considered the first westerner to stay in Lo Manthang, during the first authorised exploration of Mustang in 1964.

451: 193: 4982: 1903:

Monthang, Nhenyol, Chhoser, Nyamdo, Kimaling, Thinkar, Phuwa and Namgyal villages. They were spread across six VDCs:

6160: 4552: 4142: 4091:"Climate Change and Himalayan Cold Deserts: Mapping vulnerability and threat to ecology and indigenous livelihoods" 3360: 3165: 3145: 3113: 2084:

comparatively well studied and documented, only limited information is available on biodiversity of Lower Mustang.

1148: 4781: 4731: 3731: 2650:(Gurung) and Nepali. Inhabitants of mid-Mustang of Baragaon speak both Tibetan and a language similar to Thakali. 6921: 6911: 6229: 6194: 3339:

where the Planes land in Mustang. There also are 5 helipads in Muktinath, Thotong Phedi, Ghermu, and Bahundanda.

3230: 3009: 3000:

1,785 households in Mustang use wood or firewood as cooking fuel, 52 households use kerosene, 599 households use

2180: 447: 2638:(Tibetan) people, where Tibetan language and culture prevails. The southern third, the Thak, is the homeland of 6926: 6566: 6133: 4918: 4031:, Forest & Landscape Development and Environment Series 2-2005 and CFC-TIS Document Series, No.110., 2005, 2320: 1398:(VDCs). While an Ilaka functioned as the local development unit, the VDCs functioned as local political units. 1109: 901: 97: 5948: 5607: 5104: 4294: 3179:

which is operating 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of China at the approximate boundary between the southern

3415:) are among the most heavily trekked routes in Nepal. The scenery of the trail ranges from forests of bright 1010:

had visited China, CIA withdrew its support and the Nepalese government disbanded Tibetan fighters. In 1961,

6561: 6380: 6019: 5193: 4267:"Chinese Troops Kill a Nepalese; 18 Captured in Reds' Raid Across Border - 'Urgent' Protest Sent to Peiping" 3141: 3101: 2200: 2106:

105 bird species and 29 mammal species have been recorded. Five butterfly species, extinct mollusk species (

1094: 1019: 470: 3523: 2833: 2232: 6810: 6800: 6790: 6702: 6634: 6596: 6420: 6305: 2041:, which generally happens in April/May, with costumed lamas dancing in the village square for three days. 1560: 1531: 1502: 1293: 1289: 1216: 656: 4968: 3567:

Most tourists travel by foot over largely the same trade route used in the 15th century. Over a thousand

2250: 2238: 2174: 6682: 6295: 5225: 5014: 3403:(ACAP) check post/info posts are spread along the trails in Jomsom, Muktinath, Kagbeni and Lo Manthang. 3149: 3117: 2844:(3.50%), foreign employment (3.97%) and others (3.14%) are others occupation types besides agriculture. 2602: 2300: 2206: 2161: 2092: 1390:

or rural municipalities with five areas each, which are different from old VDCs. Since establishment of

1270: 1222:

In 2007, a shepherd discovered a collection of 55 cave paintings near the village depicting the life of

1003: 377: 5412:

Nepal has also given priority to opening this border point along with Kimathanka and Korala in Mustang.

4025:

The Map of Potential Vegetation of Nepal - a forestry/agroecological/biodiversity classification system

2706:(Himalayan musk deer), tied twice with a thread. Tying a herb in musk deer skin helps it, according to 4529: 2244: 1870:

origin, it is also revered in Buddhism. For Tibetan Buddhists, Muktinath is a very important place of

1728:, Chairo and Cimang are one of the indispensable sources for the study of the history of the Mustang. 6697: 6410: 5577: 4664: 3849: 3625: 3396: 2567: 1604: 952: 889: 3817: 2424: 6858: 6838: 6712: 6425: 3326: 3137: 3109: 2993: 2616:

Literacy: 61.3% could read and write, 2.2% could only read and 36.4% could neither read nor write.

2488: 1086: 689: 466: 6138: 3419:

fields to rocky cliffs and desert. The culture along the trekk is a rich combination of Hindu and

3041: 1608: 6737: 6581: 6571: 6556: 6536: 6498: 6440: 6435: 6415: 6360: 6356: 5737: 5703: 4668: 4507: 4242: 3718: 3436: 3125: 3097: 2992:) and pine wood were mostly used for illuminating homes, but now other methods like iron stoves, 2115: 2111: 2097: 1899: 1596: 1444: 1391: 1281: 1181: 990: 790: 702: 490: 389: 311: 117: 53: 4503: 4426: 3900: 2658: 2630:

The district is divided into Upper and Lower Mustang. The northern two-thirds of the district (

1720:

records mainly deal with the foundation and boundaries of that kingdom. The village records or

1644: 1600: 1463:

Syang (स्याङ), Jomsom (जोमसोम), Chhairo (छैरो), Marpha (मार्फा), Thini (ठिनी), Chimang (चिमाङ)

832:

to the deepest part of the gorge about 7 km (4.3 mi) south of Tukuche in the area of

655:

Mustang, the second least populated district of Nepal, is flanked by the Nepalese districts of

6843: 6770: 6649: 6591: 6503: 6493: 6445: 6385: 5057: 4990: 4946: 4785: 4434: 4304: 4032: 3507: 3412: 3301: 2837: 2598: 2594: 2500: 2492: 2480: 2445: 2220: 2020: 1883: 1406:

the council's prerogative. All households of the village had representation in the council. A

1402: 1234:

paintings and set in sheer cliffs at 14,000 feet (4,300 m) elevation. The paintings show

1167:

One feature of the district are thousands of cliff dwellings, some highly inaccessible. These

877: 806: 715: 440: 5135: 4586: 3789: 986:

visited and researched Mustang's Buddhist temples and monasteries in 1956, 1960–61 and 1978.

684:

at 4,660 metres (15,290 ft) in elevation is considered the lowest drivable path between

6853: 6828: 6823: 6795: 6780: 6755: 6747: 6727: 6692: 6674: 6664: 6659: 6629: 6614: 6606: 6576: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6528: 6513: 6508: 6475: 6430: 6400: 6045: 5100: 3537: 3420: 3408: 3372: 3353: 3234: 3211: 3129: 3093: 2960: 2910:

By toilet type: Without toilet 1,211, Flush toilet 1,382, Ordinary toilet 696, Not stated 16

2785: 2727: 2701: 2643: 2635: 2484: 2464: 2127: 2072: 2010: 1863: 1809: 1805: 1804:, Tsele, Ghyaga and Sammar. These villages were spread across four VDCs south of Lochhoden: 1524: 1360: 1336: 1069: 1015: 983: 972: 968: 913: 817: 668: 459: 408: 385: 370: 320: 122: 28: 5146: 2146: 2134:. The only native fish species, recorded at 3475m above sea level at Ghami Khola stream in 1945: 6833: 6818: 6717: 6654: 6644: 6619: 6586: 6518: 6405: 6090: 6068: 5912: 5865: 5382: 5176: 5153: 3687:

Pasture Management, Indigenous Veterinary Care and the Role of the Horse in Mustang, Nepal

3317: 3305: 3289: 3284: 3277: 3265: 3260: 3030: 2508: 2476: 2472: 2460: 2452: 2191: 2151: 2131: 1981: 1375: 1023: 998: 935:

From the 15th century to the 17th century, Mustang had control over the trade between the

837: 809: 745: 730: 685: 416: 349: 316: 4383:

we were not discovered and arrived in Mustang, Nepal, on the morning of December 30, 1999

6315: 3861:

https://www.muchbetteradventures.com/magazine/trekking-in-the-mustang-district-of-nepal/

2863: 2299:

Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the

1831:

mountain pass in Muktinath Valley. It is considered to be 106th among the available 108

647: 6775: 6765: 6760: 6732: 6722: 6707: 6687: 6624: 6488: 6395: 6372: 6041: 5768: 5430: 5400: 5226:

The use of medicinal plants in the trans-himalayan arid zone of Mustang district, Nepal

4271: 4194: 3388: 3380: 3376: 3272: 3203: 3172: 3161: 3133: 3105: 3045: 2965: 2639: 2515: 2504: 2468: 2456: 2157: 2063: 1908: 1684: 1632: 1308: 1251: 1239: 964: 956: 929: 660: 469:

on October 7, 2008, after Nepal became a federal democratic republic. According to the

5968: 5695:

Final Report on the Accident Investigation of 9N-ABO at Jomsom Airport, on 16 May 2013

4609: 4223:

Himalayan Pilgrimage, a Study of Tibetan Religion by a Traveller through Western Nepal

1792:

This sub-region now consists of 19 main villages — Kagbeni, Khinga, Dakardzong,

1750: 1607:(mostly considered part of Thak Khola, sometime called lower Lo) in Lower Mustang and 1254:, often with disciples, supplicants and attendants, with some mural paintings showing 1064:

Up until 2008, the Kingdom of Lo or Upper Mustang was an ethnic Tibetan kingdom and a

6905: 6848: 6785: 6483: 6390: 5375: 3568: 3560: 3489: 3331: 3071: 2647: 2631: 2610: 2583: 2547: 2543: 2519: 2496: 2264: 2226: 2002: 1859: 1855: 1836: 1680: 1612: 1243: 1192: 1185: 1168: 1154: 1136: 1082: 1007: 925: 917: 909: 857: 498: 486: 435: 5928: 4458: 4090: 2935:

By ownership: Both house & land 266, Land only 118, Neither house nor land 2,911

2791: 2646:

and have a synthesis of Tibetan and Nepalese culture. The main languages spoken are

884: 434:. Strict regulations of tourists here have aided in maintaining Tibetan traditions. 6464: 6325: 6120: 5344: 4461:[Tour of Chinese Border Guards and Coast Guards - Kunmuja Border Outpost]. 4023: 3761: 3416: 3411:. The lower Mustang areas (much of Baragaon, Panchgaon, and Thak Sat Sae along the 3246:

and daily flights between Pokhara and Jomsom during daylight hours in good weather.

3195: 3066: 2587: 2579: 2559: 2523: 2186: 2135: 2119: 1904: 1324: 1255: 1235: 960: 802: 794: 397: 6216: 5528: 5340:

Education is the most neglected service in two of Nepal's most neglected districts

3600: 3371:

The kingdom was closed to foreigners, with rare exceptions, until 1992. Professor

2824:

is one of the oldest routes between the two regions. It was historically used for

2620:

least densely populated district. 7,093 or them were male, and 6,359 were female.

2420: 896: 820:

where high Himalayan ranges begin to close in. The river continues southward past

5812: 4298: 2876: 2849: 423:, the 7th highest mountain in the world), with several peaks above 7,000 meters. 6285: 6267: 5790: 3850:

Transhumant Pastoralism in Yak Production in The Lower Mustang District of Nepal

3533: 3529: 3511: 3325:

The airport is available throughout the year but visibility is not adequate for

3219: 3018: 2809: 2571: 1994: 1912: 1832: 1661: 1553: 1352: 1348: 1204: 1203:

decorative art and paintings, manuscripts and pottery in the Mustang caves near

1158: 945: 833: 813: 17: 5272: 4848:

Farming Systems and Poverty: Improving Farmers' Livelihoods in a Changing World

3352:

Unregistered entry to Upper Mustang will be illegal. Thank you. -- NTNC/ACAP" (

1769: 473:, Mustang is a relatively wealthy district with a GDP per capita of US$ 2,466. 6454: 6300: 6110: 4757: 4343: 3515: 3475: 3471: 3384: 3022: 2758: 2719: 2563: 2029: 1828: 1420: 1387: 1276: 1223: 1065: 980: 976: 872: 849: 664: 431: 420: 285: 281: 6887: 6874: 6206: 5837: 4994: 4835: 4438: 3025:

generation have not been met with much success in Mustang as of 2017, though

2836:

since 2023. Upper Mustang is highly dependent on Chinese imports: during the

1048: 1035: 1018:

officially signed a border agreement, setting the border between Mustang and

3548: 3448: 3440: 3424: 3223: 3199: 3153: 3060: 2989: 2805: 2799: 2663: 2555: 2255: 2211: 2123: 2107: 1875: 1867: 1847:, considered to be the naturally available form of the Hindu Godhead Sriman 1844: 1824: 1775: 1259: 1227: 936: 861: 760: 427: 276: 5858: 3483: 2285: 979:'s visited the pass at the head of the Kali Gandaki Gorge in 1904. British 6211: 5477: 4182: 3800: 1969: 5594: 5513: 5501: 3556: 3432: 3312: 3296: 3198:

River serving Jomsom and the Mustang District. The airport resides at an

3085: 3005: 2195: 2165: 1924: 1920: 1848: 1817: 1761: 1364: 1320: 1312: 1231: 1212: 1200: 1177: 1140: 1073: 494: 463: 4811: 1800:, Jhong, Putak, Purong, Lubra, Pagling, Phalek, Tiri, Chhusang, Tetang, 651:

Wonderful view of Mountain and Supalpine forest as seen in Mustang,Nepal

6290: 4789: 4735: 3444: 3191: 3081: 2853: 2821: 2769: 2715: 2551: 2531: 2342: 2259: 1916: 1797: 1793: 1786: 1673: 1653: 1582: 1473: 1368: 1316: 1285: 1090: 853: 829: 681: 2419:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

1238:

influence, dating to approximately the 13th century, and also contain

6263: 3564:

Bagarchhap, and Tal has the most famous view points in the district.

3493: 3365: 3238: 3215: 3207: 3176: 3089: 3056: 3001: 2868: 2813: 2763: 2527: 2006: 1871: 1852: 1801: 1757: 1725: 1713: 1709: 1700: 1665: 1495: 1466: 1356: 1340: 1332: 1297: 845: 825: 821: 676: 450:

are the main occupations. The entire district is included within the

401: 132: 6166:

A fortress in the sky, the last forbidden kingdom of Tibetan culture

5657: 5376:

Nepal Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation website

4060:"Vegetation pattern of Trans-Himalayan zone in the North-West Nepal" 1839:

sect. The ancient name of this place in Sri Vaishnava literature is

1823:

The Muktinath temple is located at an altitude of 3,710 meters near

6221: 4059: 2976:

76 households use spout water, and 9 households using wells/kuwas.

2932:

By tenancy: Owned 2,278, Rented 706, Institutional 182, Others 139)

2677:(traditional Tibetan healers) are the local medical experts. Local 404:. Mustang is the fifth largest district of Nepal in terms of area. 6364: 6014: 5038: 5015:"Pilgrimage - III: Saligramam (Ramanuja.org/Bhakti List Archives)" 4369:"The Karmapa's Great Escape (December 28, 1999 – January 5, 2000)" 3552: 3428: 3359: 3346: 3336: 3157: 3152:. Currently, the easiest and only widely used road corridor, from 3065: 3050: 3040: 2862: 2804: 2790: 2781: 2776: 2768: 2757: 2657: 2575: 2539: 2535: 2156: 2145: 2091: 2048: 2033: 2019: 1895: 1879: 1813: 1695: 1669: 1649: 1643: 1622: 1344: 1328: 1247: 1196: 1173: 1027: 940: 921: 895: 883: 871: 798: 646: 480: 412: 393: 110: 4983:"Just 700 Speak This Language (50 in the Same Brooklyn Building)" 4850:, FAO and World Bank, Rome and Washington DC, Italy and USA, 2001 3206:. It serves as the gateway to the Mustang District that includes 1521:

Kagbeni (कागवेनी), Khinga (खिङ्गा), Jhong (झोङ), Chhusang (छुसाङ)

392:

which was a Kingdom of Lo-Manthang that joined the Federation of

5547:

Farming flexibility and food security under climatic uncertainty

3226:

temple, which is a popular pilgrimage for Hindus and Buddhists.

3188: 2795: 2723: 2038: 1894:

The people of restricted northern areas of Mustang are known as

1623: 1101: 6329: 6225: 5972: 4058:

Shrestha, Mani R.; Rokaya, Maan B.; Ghimire, Suresh K. (2005).

3615:"National Population and Housing Census 2011 (National Report)" 2897:

Following are distribution of households by building material:

2049: 1097:. The outpost was renovated in 2009 to have a modern facility. 6180:

Modernizing Mustang: A Hidden Tibetan Kingdom Meets Its Future

5478:"Reopening of Korala border points makes Mustang locals happy" 2606: 2405: 2279: 1250:, decorative art and paintings depicting various forms of the 1208: 67:

Kali Gandaki Valley near Kagbeni, the gateway to Upper Mustang

5502:

Mustang to supply 25,000 sheep and mountain goats for Dashain

5261:

National Population and Housing Census 2011 (National Report)

4300:

Beijing's Power and China's Borders: Twenty Neighbors in Asia

2945:

National Population and Housing Census 2011 (National Report)

2917:

National Population and Housing Census 2011 (National Report)

1492:

Lete (लेते), Tukuche (टुकुचे), Kunjo (कुञ्जो), Kobang (कोवाङ)

1226:. A series of at least twelve caves were discovered north of 989:

During the late 1950s and 60s, Mustang became the centre for

4931:

The Bem-chag Village Record and the Early History of Mustang

4782:"स्थानीय निकाय भङ्ग, अधिकारसम्पन्न ७४४ स्थानीय तह क्रियाशील" 3187:

sections of the valley since the 1960s. Jomsom Airport is a

3168:

in the TAR—traverses a 5,125 metres (16,810 ft) pass.

2337: 2110:), two frog species, one reptile species, two bird species ( 1550:

Chhoser (छोसेर), Lo Manthang (लोमन्थाङ), Chhonhup (छोन्हुप)

1230:

and near the village of Lo Manthang, decorated with ancient

920:

and, during other periods of history, politically linked to

5394:

Prithvi Man Shrestha; Jaya Bahadur Rokaya (24 March 2016).

4732:"हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईं कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?" 4158: 2956:"swapping handspun Tibetan robes for made-in-China jeans." 2013:. The old capital Lo Manthang, a square-walled town on the 1724:

kept in the five original villages including Thini, Syang,

332: 5791:"Schedule Effective from 15 May, 2010 to 30 October, 2010" 5608:"New highway divides isolated Buddhist kingdom of Mustang" 4293:

Elleman, Bruce; Kotkin, Stephen; Schofield, Clive (2014).

2700:

Then they store their herbs in bags made from the skin of

2172:

on gentle slopes, whereas steeper slopes are dominated by

5878:"NATIONAL AIRPORTS PLAN Current Situation and Diagnostic" 4610:"Shepherd leads experts to ancient Buddha cave paintings" 4201:(2nd ed.). Book Faith India, Delhi. pp. 227–31. 1384:

Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (Nepal)

1085:

and Grant Blackwood published in 2011. In December 1999,

836:. The gorge then broadens past the border of Mustang and 415:, straddles the Himalayas and extends northward onto the 6190:

Road brings jeans, satellite TV to Himalayan Shangri-La

6156:

New Death Ritual Found in Himalaya—27 De-fleshed Humans

5582:

Road brings jeans, satellite TV to Himalayan Shangri-La

5081:. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. p. 153. 4665:

Shepherd leads experts to ancient Buddha cave paintings

4397:"Buddhist's Escape From Tibet, by Car, Horse and Plane" 4225:(Second ed.). Boston & Shaftesbury: Shambhala. 3451:. The gorge is within the Annapurna Conservation Area. 2928:

Following are distribution of households by amenities:

2214:. Little or no vegetation is found above 5,800 metres. 458:(NTNC). The kingdom of Mustang was a dependency of the 4420: 4418: 4416: 384:), "fertile plain") is one of the eleven districts of 4579:"Explorers find ancient caves and paintings in Nepal" 3229:

The airport is capable of handling aircraft from the

2009:, the traditional Tibetan-style locales lie north of 995:

Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China

79:

Location of Mustang (dark yellow) in Gandaki Province

3814:"Nepali deputy PM asks district "king" to step down" 1874:, goddesses known as Sky Dancers, and one of the 24 6809: 6746: 6673: 6605: 6527: 6474: 6371: 6276: 6144:

Last ruler of remote Buddhist kingdom dies in Nepal

4687:

Explorers find ancient caves and paintings in Nepal

4489:

Last ruler of remote Buddhist kingdom dies in Nepal

4236: 4234: 4232: 2198:. Vegetation above 5,000 metres consists mainly of 1789:as their surname for purposes of status emulation. 797:located near the Tibetan border coincides with the 793:is a highly important feature of the district. Its 327: 310: 302: 292: 275: 267: 259: 251: 246: 238: 230: 223: 215: 207: 202: 191: 180: 172: 164: 153: 143: 138: 128: 116: 96: 39: 5658:Airport information for Jomsom, Nepal (VNJS / JMO) 5634:"Beijing to reopen fourth border point with Nepal" 5452:"Beijing to reopen fourth border point with Nepal" 4758:"यी हुन् थपिएका गाउँपालिका र नगरपालिका (सूचीसहित)" 4373:Karmapa – The Official Website of the 17th Karmapa 3029:(AEPC) maintained that, together with neighboring 1866:means "Hundred Waters". Although the temple has a 5549:, Manang, Nepal Himalaya. Area 2010, 42, 228–238. 4863:, p. 13, The Guildford Press, New York, USA, 1987 4710:Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development 4703:"Final District 1-75 Corrected Last for RAJPATRA" 928:. Lo was incorporated into the Tibetan Empire by 4572: 4570: 6129:Traditional Political Systems of Mustang, Nepal 5595:Mustang starts generating electricity from wind 4945:, page 359, Serindia Publications, Inc., 1998, 4636:""Shangri-La" caves yield treasures, skeletons" 4504:Wild, windy and harsh, yet stunningly beautiful 2926: 2895: 2634:or former Lo Kingdom) is home to the Lhopas, a 2448:, Mustang District had a population of 13,452. 2258:— and grasslands/rangelands covered with 1631:Along the Kali Gandaki River in Lower Mustang, 1579:Ghami (घमी), Surkhang (सुर्खाङ), Charang (चराङ) 489:. View from Chele (Tshele) village down to the 5729:"Nepal plane crash: 11 Indians among 15 dead, 4330: 1886:, who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas. 6341: 6237: 5984: 4681: 4679: 4677: 1100:The last official and later unofficial king ( 8: 5545:T.H. Aase, R.P. Chaudhary and O.R. Vetaas, 2328: 856:(6,920 m or 22,703 ft) on the west and 6139:Early travels & explorations in Mustang 4342:] (in Chinese). 1961-10-05 – via 1835:(premium temples) considered sacred by the 6348: 6334: 6326: 6244: 6230: 6222: 5991: 5977: 5969: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4812:"The Panchayat System under King Mahendra" 4553:"The ancient mysteries of Mustang's caves" 4243:"The curious case of the Mustang incident" 3595: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3248: 2327: 1679:Thak Satsae Area or Thak Khola is home to 698: 591:River, stream, cliff, mountain, stone etc. 504: 36: 6195:Inside Nepal's forgotten medieval kingdom 5256: 5254: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4889: 2970:High Altitude and Mountain Warfare School 1242:executed in ink, silver and gold and pre- 864:(8,091 m or 26,545 ft) on the east. 5943: 5941: 5426:"China extends road up to Korala border" 5396:"Nepal, China rush to open Hilsa border" 5371: 5369: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5234: 4981:Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko de (2020-01-07). 4914: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4013:, District Development Committee Mustang 3896: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3790:Great Himalayan Trail: Preparatory Study 3732:"The mysterious caves of Mustang, Nepal" 2319: 2017:, is the residence of the present king. 2005:. Though the capital of the district is 1416: 1401:Before the VDCs there was the system of 1269: 993:engaged in small operations against the 904:before the kingdom was abolished in 2008 5951:, The Himalayan Times, January 12, 2017 5949:39,000 tourists visited Mustang in 2016 5687: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5562:Sustainable Development Plan of Mustang 5557: 5555: 5497: 5495: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5123: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4484: 4482: 4178: 4176: 4137: 4135: 4006: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3714: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3585: 3254: 2834:border crossing between China and Nepal 1262:, billowing Indian textiles and birds. 659:, the least populated, to the east and 602:Area covered by residence and buildings 326: 309: 291: 274: 245: 237: 229: 201: 137: 127: 95: 71: 59: 6917:Districts of Nepal established in 1962 6161:The ancient mysteries of Mustang Caves 6134:Mustang - Central Bureau of Statistics 5653: 5651: 5572: 5570: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5480:. Rising Nepal Daily. 17 November 2023 5334: 5332: 5330: 5097:Nepal's Village Development Committees 4395:Crossette, Barbara (31 January 2000). 4133: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4115: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 1022:set slightly north of the traditional 456:National Trust for Nature Conservation 5668: 5666: 5514:Apple production increases in Mustang 5358:Nepali art could benefit from Mustang 5039:"General Information about Muktinath" 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 2451:As their first language, 39.4% spoke 1077:setting for a large part of the book 462:since 1795, but was abolished by the 301: 266: 258: 250: 222: 214: 211:3,573 km (1,380 sq mi) 206: 190: 179: 171: 163: 152: 142: 115: 83: 7: 6006: 5056:. New York: Routledge. p. 499. 4943:The Thakali: A Himalayan Ethnography 4143:Livelihood and Common-Pool Resources 2662:Drying medicinal plants in Jharkot, 5999:Places adjacent to Mustang District 5614:. Taipei, Taiwan. AFP. May 19, 2007 3435:pilgrimage site for centuries. The 3202:of 8,976 feet (2,736 m) above 3171:Mustang is accessed by air through 3092:. This route remained in use until 3027:Alternative Energy Promotion Centre 2832:Kora La has been an active vehicle 1006:. In the 1970s, after US president 34:District in Gandaki Province, Nepal 5636:. Kathmandu Post. 12 November 2023 5179:, Osho World Adventure Pvt. Ltd., 5079:Illustrated Atlas of the Himalayas 3148:, which follows the valley of the 1599:(also known as lower Thak Khola), 25: 5885:Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal 5813:"Simrik Airlines Flight Schedule" 5767:. Gorkha Airlines. Archived from 3816:. China View News. Archived from 1386:re-structured the area into five 997:in 1959. Tibetan guerrilla group 6457: 6314: 6113: 6077: 6060: 6052: 6030: 6013: 5584:, GMA News Online, July 18, 2016 5424:Tripathi, Binod (19 June 2016). 5273:"NEPAL: Administrative Division" 4788:. March 11, 2017. Archived from 4199:Mustang - A Lost Tibetan Kingdom 3912:Peissel, Michel (October 1965). 3522: 3500: 3482: 3463: 2410: 2284: 1980: 1968: 1956: 1944: 1768: 1749: 1611:or (also known simply as Lo) in 1246:pottery shards. Explorers found 1147: 1129: 932:, the most famous Tibetan king. 860:(6,940 m or 22,769 ft) and 852:(8,167 m or 26,795 ft) and 103: 85: 73: 61: 5917:Mustang, a Lost Tibetan Kingdom 5597:, My Rebuplica, August 16, 2017 5156:, Royal Mountain Travel, 2004, 4064:Nepal Journal of Plant Sciences 3914:"Mustang, Nepal's Lost Kingdom" 3547:for the springs and village of 3423:. The trail's highest point is 1374:Mustang District was a part of 971:and became a dependency of the 892:who annexed the kingdom in 1769 816:, then widens as it approaches 396:in 2008 after abolition of the 31:, which is located in Pakistan. 6268:Gharpajhong Rural Municipality 6185:Mustang: A Kingdom on the Edge 5147:Mustang: The Forbidden Kingdom 4241:Cowan, Sam (17 January 2016). 4089:Banerji, Gargi; Basu, Sejuti. 3801:Principality of Mustang, Nepal 3719:Mustang: The Last Lost Kingdom 3559:pilgrimage site), apples, and 1396:Village Development Committees 1304:Village Development Committees 667:to the south and west and the 1: 6078: 6031: 3037:Transport and Himalayan trade 2324:Distribution of people by age 2190:, as well various species of 1999:Village Development Committee 1756:Ruins of ancient fortress in 1708:distributed across two VDCs: 1703:main street, near the airport 1199:and Nepal discovered ancient 975:since 1795. Swedish explorer 234:8,167 m (26,795 ft) 6061: 6053: 4971:, Caravan Himalaya Adventure 4425:Murton, Galen (March 2016). 4340:China-Nepal Border Agreement 4011:Resource Mapping Report–2014 3622:Central Bureau of Statistics 2682:here have deep faith in the 2514:Ethnicity/caste: 20.9% were 1878:places. They understand the 1191:In 2007, explorers from the 880:, founded by Ame Pal in 1380 297:33100, 33102, 33103... 33109 242:2,010 m (6,590 ft) 183:Parliamentary constituencies 4861:Comparative Farming Systems 4846:J. Dixon and A. Gulliver, 3536:served at a guest house in 3401:Annapurna Conservation Area 3194:located on the bank of the 3100:to Lo Manthang. Across the 3094:China's annexation of Tibet 2181:Chrysosphaerella brevispina 1851:. It is also one of the 51 1827:village at the foot of the 1627:Lupra village in Thak Khola 452:Annapurna Conservation Area 6943: 5947:Rastriya Samachar Samiti, 5929:Nepal Trekking Permit Fees 5836:. Sita Air. Archived from 4734:. Setopati. Archived from 4303:. Routledge. p. 211. 4221:Snellgrove, David (1989). 3166:China National Highway 318 3146:China National Highway 219 3116:follows the valley of the 3114:China National Highway 219 2511:and 1.0% other languages. 2150:Rhododendrons in front of 1938:Walled city of Lo Manthang 1403:village community councils 1380:Western Development Region 1012:People's Republic of China 752:13,100 to 16,400 ft. 525:Total area of the district 407:The district is a part of 168:Mrs. Chhiring Lhamo Gurung 26: 6452: 6312: 6259: 6004: 4691:Accessed October 28, 2012 4100:. Gurgaon, Haryana, India 3231:Nepalese Army Air Service 2437: 2403: 2355:— 2297:about population pyramid. 1882:to be a manifestation of 780:9,800 to 21,000 ft. 737:9,800 to 13,100 ft. 675:less than 260 mm at 558:Irrigated cultivable land 485:Kali Gandaki riverbed in 388:and one of seventy-seven 353: 194:Provincial constituencies 84: 72: 60: 51: 5660:at Great Circle Mapper. 4899:Donald A Messerschmidt, 4689:, Reuters, May 3, 2007, 4431:Cross-Currents E-Journal 1858:. The Buddhists call it 1843:. The temple houses the 1110:Jigme Dorje Palbar Bista 902:Jigme Dorje Palbar Bista 722:6,400 to 9,800 ft. 569:Rain-fed cultivable land 173: • Deputy-Head 27:Not to be confused with 6172:Cultural transformation 5961:Mustang to Bar Tourists 5052:Mittal, Sushil (2004). 3457:Drinks, smokes and food 3439:is part of the popular 2210:and various species of 2201:Rhododendron anthopogon 1683:, the largest group of 1603:(upper Thak Khola) and 1507:बाह्रगाउँ मुक्तिक्षेत्र 1095:Tibet Military District 1020:Tibet Autonomous Region 1004:CIA and Tibetan Khampas 671:to the north and east. 471:Human Development Index 268: • Households 263:3.8/km (9.8/sq mi) 6306:Lo-Ghekar Damodarkunda 5529:Report: September 2011 5077:Zurick, David (2006). 4145:, University of Bergen 3762:Loba, Mustang in Nepal 3368: 3357: 3074: 3063: 3048: 2959:When government-owned 2941: 2913: 2871: 2816: 2802: 2788: 2774: 2766: 2666: 2438:Source: Citypopulation 2325: 2295:is missing information 2168: 2154: 2102: 2055: 2025: 1704: 1656: 1628: 1561:Lo-Ghekar Damodarkunda 1503:Barhagaun Muktichhetra 1371: 1290:Barhagaun Muktichhetra 905: 893: 881: 652: 502: 231:Highest elevation 148:Coordination committee 6888:28.78333°N 83.73056°E 6296:Baragung Muktichhetra 5933:Accessed June 2, 2013 5859:Tara Air Destinations 5277:www.citypopulation.de 5181:Accessed June 2, 2013 4901:The Thakkali of Nepal 4532:on September 20, 2012 4141:Dilli Prasad Poudel, 3427:at 3800 m, a popular 3375:and Italian scholars 3363: 3350: 3150:Yarlung Tsangpo River 3144:, eventually joining 3118:Yarlung Tsangpo River 3069: 3054: 3044: 3004:, 826 households use 2924:Tenancy and ownership 2866: 2808: 2794: 2780: 2772: 2761: 2661: 2593:Religion: 60.2% were 2329:Historical population 2323: 2233:Hippophae salicifolia 2160: 2149: 2101:specimen from Mustang 2095: 2052: 2023: 1699: 1647: 1626: 1273: 1215:, some of which were 1049:29.30389°N 83.96861°E 955:, the first King the 951:In 1769, the army of 899: 887: 875: 778:3,000 to 6,400 meters 750:4,000 to 5,000 meters 735:3,000 to 4,000 meters 720:2,000 to 3,000 meters 650: 624:Area covered by lakes 547:Total cultivable land 484: 239:Lowest elevation 176:Mr. Rajendra Sherchan 6278:Rural municipalities 5158:Accessed May 3, 2007 4919:Who are the Thakkali 4646:on November 19, 2009 4522:"Sky Caves of Nepal" 4295:"China-Nepal Border" 3812:Xinhua News Agency. 3098:international border 2968:and Nepalese Army's 2888:Living and lifestyle 2703:Moschus chrysogaster 2522:, 19.3% Lhopa, 8.9% 1157:at Chhoser village, 1089:, the 17th claimant 953:Prithvi Narayan Shah 890:Prithvi Narayan Shah 613:Area covered by snow 501:'s steep north face. 260: • Density 91:Divisions of Mustang 6884: / 5919:, Books Faith, 2002 5675:at AirportGuide.com 5531:, Tibet Archaeology 5093:"Nepal Census 2001" 4640:National Geographic 4526:National Geographic 3919:National Geographic 3409:annexation by China 3327:visual flight rules 3138:Shigatse Prefecture 3110:Shigatse Prefecture 2994:solar water heating 2444:At the time of the 2330: 2251:Caragana gerardiana 2239:Caragana gerardiana 2175:Caragana gerardiana 2164:in Tetang village, 1951:Surrounding terrain 1565:लो-घेकर दामोदरकुण्ड 1087:Ogyen Trinley Dorje 1045: / 912:was once a part of 765:above 5,000 meters 690:Indian subcontinent 467:Government of Nepal 6893:28.78333; 83.73056 5864:2016-08-22 at the 5745:on 15 October 2013 5738:The Times of India 5593:Santosh Pokharel, 5576:Ammu Kannampilly ( 5458:. 12 November 2023 5381:2009-07-11 at the 5362:The Kathmandu Post 5175:2013-06-02 at the 5170:Upper Mustang Trek 5152:2007-06-30 at the 5107:on 12 October 2008 4987:The New York Times 4921:, Indigenous Voice 4669:Guardian Unlimited 4508:The Sunday Tribune 3901:Kingdom of Mustang 3437:Kali Gandaki Gorge 3369: 3358: 3126:Kali Gandaki Gorge 3075: 3064: 3049: 2872: 2817: 2803: 2789: 2775: 2767: 2667: 2326: 2207:Potentilla biflora 2169: 2155: 2116:Eurasian eagle-owl 2112:Tibetan sandgrouse 2103: 2098:Celastrina huegeli 2056: 2026: 1705: 1657: 1629: 1433:Population density 1392:Kingdom of Mustang 1372: 1258:themes containing 1182:Kali Gandaki River 1054:29.30389; 83.96861 991:Tibetan guerrillas 906: 894: 882: 791:Kali Gandaki River 653: 514:Area covered (km2) 503: 493:and the fields of 491:Kali Gandaki river 390:districts of Nepal 252: • Total 208: • Total 6867: 6866: 6323: 6322: 6103: 6102: 6098: 6097: 5840:on 16 August 2010 5771:on March 28, 2010 5323:NepalMap Literacy 5312:NepalMap Religion 5290:NepalMap Language 4941:Michael Vinding, 4520:Finkel, Michael. 4474:西藏军区最西边的哨所——昆木加哨所 4333:中华人民共和国和尼泊尔王国边界条约 3474:pass that serves 3413:Annapurna Circuit 3323: 3322: 3070:Horse caravan in 2893:Building material 2867:Mustang Apple at 2838:COVID-19 pandemic 2613:and 0.3% others. 2590:and 1.7% others. 2446:2011 Nepal census 2442: 2441: 2432: 2431: 2318: 2317: 2221:Pinus wallichiana 1588: 1587: 1108:) of Mustang was 924:, the capital of 888:Portrait of King 787: 786: 645: 644: 536:Total forest area 499:Nilgiri mountains 441:Tibetic languages 343: 342: 216: • Rank 165: • Head 154: • Body 144: • Type 16:(Redirected from 6934: 6922:Gandaki Province 6912:Mustang District 6899: 6898: 6896: 6895: 6894: 6889: 6885: 6882: 6881: 6880: 6877: 6467: 6462: 6461: 6460: 6350: 6343: 6336: 6327: 6318: 6253:Mustang District 6246: 6239: 6232: 6223: 6123: 6118: 6117: 6116: 6081: 6080: 6064: 6063: 6056: 6055: 6046:Karnali Province 6034: 6033: 6018: 6017: 6007: 5993: 5986: 5979: 5970: 5963: 5958: 5952: 5945: 5936: 5926: 5920: 5910: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5893: 5887:. Archived from 5882: 5874: 5868: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5845: 5830: 5824: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5809: 5803: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5793:. Nepal Airlines 5787: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5761: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5741:. Archived from 5725: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5709:on 30 April 2016 5708: 5702:. Archived from 5701: 5689: 5676: 5670: 5661: 5655: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5641: 5630: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5604: 5598: 5591: 5585: 5574: 5565: 5559: 5550: 5543: 5532: 5526: 5520: 5511: 5505: 5499: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5448: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5438: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5409: 5408: 5391: 5385: 5373: 5364: 5355: 5349: 5336: 5325: 5320: 5314: 5309: 5303: 5298: 5292: 5287: 5281: 5280: 5269: 5263: 5258: 5229: 5223: 5200: 5190: 5184: 5167: 5161: 5144: 5138: 5133: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5103:. Archived from 5101:Digital Himalaya 5089: 5083: 5082: 5074: 5068: 5067: 5049: 5043: 5042: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5025: 5011: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5001: 4978: 4972: 4969:Mustang District 4966: 4953: 4939: 4933: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4903: 4897: 4864: 4857: 4851: 4844: 4838: 4833: 4816: 4815: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4738:on 12 March 2017 4728: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4707: 4699: 4693: 4683: 4672: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4642:. Archived from 4631: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4608:Rahman, Maseeh. 4605: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4589:on March 5, 2016 4585:. Archived from 4574: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4528:. Archived from 4517: 4511: 4510:; April 21, 2002 4501: 4495: 4486: 4477: 4476: 4471: 4470: 4455: 4449: 4448: 4446: 4445: 4422: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4407: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4380: 4379: 4365: 4359: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4337: 4327: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4317: 4290: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4280: 4263: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4253: 4238: 4227: 4226: 4218: 4212: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4191: 4185: 4180: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4152: 4146: 4139: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4095: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4030: 4020: 4014: 4008: 3933: 3932: 3927: 3926: 3909: 3903: 3898: 3863: 3858: 3852: 3847: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3820:on March 4, 2009 3809: 3803: 3798: 3792: 3787: 3764: 3759: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3734:. Amusing Planet 3727: 3721: 3716: 3689: 3684: 3633: 3632: 3630: 3624:. Archived from 3619: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3601:"मुस्ताङ जि.स.स" 3597: 3526: 3504: 3486: 3467: 3421:Tibetan Buddhism 3373:David Snellgrove 3249: 3130:four-wheel drive 3055:Jeep going from 2961:Nepal Television 2947: 2919: 2728:clarified butter 2644:Thakali dialects 2414: 2413: 2406: 2344: 2339: 2331: 2313: 2310: 2304: 2288: 2280: 2245:Lonicera spinosa 2128:Tibetan wild ass 2073:Tibetan Buddhism 2015:Plain of Prayers 1987:The Royal Palace 1984: 1972: 1960: 1948: 1841:Thiru Saligramam 1776:Muktinath temple 1772: 1753: 1417: 1151: 1133: 1070:Kingdom of Nepal 1060: 1059: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1026:demarcated by a 1016:Kingdom of Nepal 984:David Snellgrove 973:Kingdom of Nepal 707:Elevation Range 699: 669:Annapurna Massif 505: 460:Kingdom of Nepal 448:animal husbandry 446:Agriculture and 409:Gandaki Province 386:Gandaki Province 368: 367: 366: 364: 357: 346:Mustang District 339: 336: 334: 312:Main language(s) 123:Gandaki Province 109: 107: 106: 89: 77: 65: 41:Mustang District 37: 29:Mastung District 21: 18:Mustang district 6942: 6941: 6937: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6932: 6931: 6927:Former kingdoms 6902: 6901: 6892: 6890: 6886: 6883: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6863: 6805: 6742: 6669: 6601: 6523: 6470: 6463: 6458: 6456: 6450: 6367: 6354: 6324: 6319: 6310: 6272: 6266:(today part of 6255: 6250: 6217:Nepal Languages 6119: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6091:Myagdi District 6069:Manang District 6065: 6012: 6000: 5997: 5967: 5966: 5959: 5955: 5946: 5939: 5927: 5923: 5913:Peissel, Michel 5911: 5907: 5897: 5895: 5894:on 2 April 2015 5891: 5880: 5876: 5875: 5871: 5866:Wayback Machine 5857: 5853: 5843: 5841: 5832: 5831: 5827: 5817: 5815: 5811: 5810: 5806: 5796: 5794: 5789: 5788: 5784: 5774: 5772: 5763: 5762: 5758: 5748: 5746: 5727: 5726: 5722: 5712: 5710: 5706: 5699: 5691: 5690: 5679: 5671: 5664: 5656: 5649: 5639: 5637: 5632: 5631: 5627: 5617: 5615: 5606: 5605: 5601: 5592: 5588: 5575: 5568: 5560: 5553: 5544: 5535: 5527: 5523: 5512: 5508: 5500: 5493: 5483: 5481: 5476: 5475: 5471: 5461: 5459: 5450: 5449: 5445: 5436: 5434: 5423: 5422: 5418: 5406: 5404: 5393: 5392: 5388: 5383:Wayback Machine 5374: 5367: 5356: 5352: 5348:, 28 April 2017 5337: 5328: 5321: 5317: 5310: 5306: 5299: 5295: 5288: 5284: 5271: 5270: 5266: 5259: 5232: 5224: 5203: 5192:Rajan Kathet, 5191: 5187: 5177:Wayback Machine 5168: 5164: 5154:Wayback Machine 5145: 5141: 5136:People of Nepal 5134: 5121: 5110: 5108: 5091: 5090: 5086: 5076: 5075: 5071: 5064: 5054:The Hindu World 5051: 5050: 5046: 5037: 5036: 5032: 5023: 5021: 5013: 5012: 5008: 4999: 4997: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4967: 4956: 4940: 4936: 4929: 4925: 4917: 4906: 4898: 4867: 4858: 4854: 4845: 4841: 4834: 4819: 4810: 4809: 4805: 4795: 4793: 4780: 4779: 4775: 4766: 4764: 4756: 4755: 4751: 4741: 4739: 4730: 4729: 4725: 4715: 4713: 4705: 4701: 4700: 4696: 4684: 4675: 4663: 4659: 4649: 4647: 4633: 4632: 4628: 4618: 4616: 4607: 4606: 4602: 4592: 4590: 4577:Sharma, Gopal. 4576: 4575: 4568: 4558: 4556: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4535: 4533: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4502: 4498: 4493:The Star Online 4487: 4480: 4468: 4466: 4463:chinamil.com.cn 4459:"中国边海防巡礼之昆木加哨所" 4457: 4456: 4452: 4443: 4441: 4424: 4423: 4414: 4405: 4403: 4394: 4393: 4389: 4377: 4375: 4367: 4366: 4362: 4357:China View news 4355: 4351: 4329: 4328: 4324: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4292: 4291: 4287: 4278: 4276: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4251: 4249: 4240: 4239: 4230: 4220: 4219: 4215: 4210: 4206: 4195:Peissel, Michel 4193: 4192: 4188: 4181: 4174: 4168: 4164: 4153: 4149: 4140: 4113: 4103: 4101: 4093: 4088: 4087: 4083: 4073: 4071: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4028: 4022: 4021: 4017: 4009: 3936: 3924: 3922: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3899: 3866: 3859: 3855: 3848: 3833: 3823: 3821: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3799: 3795: 3788: 3767: 3760: 3747: 3737: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3717: 3692: 3685: 3636: 3628: 3617: 3613: 3612: 3608: 3599: 3598: 3587: 3582: 3544: 3543: 3542: 3541: 3540: 3527: 3519: 3518: 3508:Cannabis plants 3505: 3497: 3496: 3487: 3479: 3478: 3468: 3459: 3458: 3364:Guest House in 3345: 3285:Simrik Airlines 3261:Gorkha Airlines 3039: 3031:Manang District 2982: 2949: 2943: 2925: 2921: 2915: 2894: 2890: 2773:Yaks in Mustang 2756: 2736: 2656: 2433: 2428: 2415: 2411: 2314: 2308: 2305: 2298: 2289: 2278: 2162:Terraced fields 2152:Annapurna South 2144: 2132:Tibetan gazelle 2090: 2081: 2047: 1992: 1991: 1990: 1989: 1988: 1985: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1965: 1964: 1961: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1940: 1939: 1933: 1892: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1779: 1778: 1773: 1765: 1764: 1754: 1745: 1744: 1738: 1694: 1642: 1621: 1593: 1426: 1376:Dhaulagiri Zone 1300: 1268: 1240:Tibetan scripts 1165: 1164: 1163: 1162: 1161: 1152: 1144: 1143: 1134: 1125: 1124: 1118: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1044: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1032: 1031: 1024:boundary marker 999:Chushi Gangdruk 878:Mustang Kingdom 870: 858:Nilgiri Central 779: 774:Trans-Himalayan 751: 736: 721: 686:Tibetan Plateau 479: 417:Tibetan Plateau 362: 360: 359: 358: 331: 298: 104: 102: 92: 80: 68: 56: 47: 45: 42: 35: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6940: 6938: 6930: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6904: 6903: 6865: 6864: 6862: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6815: 6813: 6807: 6806: 6804: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6752: 6750: 6744: 6743: 6741: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6679: 6677: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6611: 6609: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6562:Kavrepalanchok 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6533: 6531: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6480: 6478: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6468: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6377: 6375: 6369: 6368: 6355: 6353: 6352: 6345: 6338: 6330: 6321: 6320: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6282: 6280: 6274: 6273: 6261:Headquarters: 6260: 6257: 6256: 6251: 6249: 6248: 6241: 6234: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6203: 6202: 6198: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6174: 6173: 6169: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6147: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6108: 6107:External links 6105: 6101: 6100: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6088: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6066: 6051: 6049: 6042:Dolpa District 6038: 6037: 6035: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6022: 6010: 6005: 6002: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5995: 5988: 5981: 5973: 5965: 5964: 5953: 5937: 5931:, TAAN Nepal, 5921: 5905: 5869: 5851: 5834:"Destinations" 5825: 5804: 5782: 5765:"Destinations" 5756: 5731:Times of India 5720: 5677: 5673:Jomsom Airport 5662: 5647: 5625: 5599: 5586: 5566: 5551: 5533: 5521: 5506: 5504:, my Republica 5491: 5469: 5456:Kathmandu Post 5443: 5431:Kathmandu Post 5416: 5401:Kathmandu Post 5386: 5365: 5350: 5338:Pawan Dhakal, 5326: 5315: 5304: 5301:NepalMap Caste 5293: 5282: 5264: 5230: 5201: 5185: 5162: 5139: 5119: 5084: 5069: 5062: 5044: 5030: 5006: 4973: 4954: 4934: 4923: 4904: 4865: 4852: 4839: 4817: 4803: 4773: 4749: 4723: 4694: 4685:Gopal Sharma, 4673: 4671:; May 4, 2007. 4657: 4626: 4600: 4566: 4543: 4512: 4496: 4478: 4450: 4412: 4401:New York Times 4387: 4360: 4349: 4322: 4309: 4285: 4275:. 30 June 1960 4272:New York Times 4258: 4228: 4213: 4204: 4186: 4172: 4162: 4147: 4111: 4081: 4050: 4037: 4015: 3934: 3904: 3864: 3853: 3831: 3804: 3793: 3765: 3745: 3722: 3690: 3634: 3631:on 2013-05-25. 3606: 3584: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3528: 3521: 3520: 3514:, in front of 3506: 3499: 3498: 3488: 3481: 3480: 3469: 3462: 3461: 3460: 3456: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3389:Michel Peissel 3381:Michel Peissel 3377:Giuseppe Tucci 3344: 3341: 3321: 3320: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3275: 3273:Nepal Airlines 3269: 3268: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3253: 3204:mean sea level 3173:Jomsom Airport 3162:Arniko Highway 3134:Zhongba County 3106:Zhongba County 3046:Jomsom Airport 3038: 3035: 2981: 2978: 2940: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2923: 2922: 2912: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2892: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2877:Nepalese rupee 2850:Nepalese rupee 2755: 2752: 2735: 2732: 2655: 2652: 2640:Thakali people 2440: 2439: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2429: 2418: 2416: 2409: 2404: 2401: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2390: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2368: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2316: 2315: 2292: 2290: 2283: 2277: 2274: 2143: 2140: 2089: 2086: 2080: 2077: 2064:Thakali people 2046: 2043: 1986: 1979: 1978: 1974: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1955: 1954: 1950: 1943: 1942: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1935: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1891: 1888: 1884:Avalokiteśvara 1845:Saligram shila 1774: 1767: 1766: 1758:Tangbe village 1755: 1748: 1747: 1746: 1742: 1741: 1740: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1693: 1690: 1641: 1638: 1620: 1617: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1557: 1556: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1528: 1527: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1499: 1498: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1441: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1423: 1267: 1266:Administration 1264: 1153: 1146: 1145: 1135: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1117: 1114: 957:Gorkha Kingdom 930:Songtsen Gampo 900:The last king 869: 866: 785: 784: 781: 776: 770: 769: 766: 763: 757: 756: 753: 748: 742: 741: 738: 733: 727: 726: 723: 718: 712: 711: 708: 705: 643: 642: 639: 636: 632: 631: 628: 625: 621: 620: 617: 614: 610: 609: 606: 603: 599: 598: 595: 592: 588: 587: 584: 581: 577: 576: 573: 570: 566: 565: 562: 559: 555: 554: 551: 548: 544: 543: 540: 537: 533: 532: 529: 526: 522: 521: 516: 511: 478: 475: 355:मुस्ताङ जिल्ला 341: 340: 329: 325: 324: 314: 308: 307: 304: 303:Telephone Code 300: 299: 296: 294: 290: 289: 279: 273: 272: 269: 265: 264: 261: 257: 256: 253: 249: 248: 244: 243: 240: 236: 235: 232: 228: 227: 225: 221: 220: 217: 213: 212: 209: 205: 204: 200: 199: 196: 189: 188: 185: 178: 177: 174: 170: 169: 166: 162: 161: 155: 151: 150: 145: 141: 140: 136: 135: 130: 126: 125: 120: 114: 113: 100: 94: 93: 90: 82: 81: 78: 70: 69: 66: 58: 57: 52: 49: 48: 44:मुस्ताङ जिल्ला 43: 40: 33: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6939: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6900: 6897: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6811:Sudurpashchim 6808: 6802: 6801:Western Rukum 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6745: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6703:Eastern Rukum 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6672: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6604: 6598: 6597:Sindhupalchok 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6530: 6526: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6477: 6473: 6466: 6455: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6421:Sankhuwasabha 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6351: 6346: 6344: 6339: 6337: 6332: 6331: 6328: 6317: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6269: 6265: 6258: 6254: 6247: 6242: 6240: 6235: 6233: 6228: 6227: 6224: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6204: 6200: 6199: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6175: 6171: 6170: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6153: 6149: 6148: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6122: 6111: 6106: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6086: 6083: 6076: 6074: 6073: 6070: 6067: 6059: 6050: 6047: 6043: 6040: 6039: 6036: 6029: 6027: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6009: 6008: 6003: 5994: 5989: 5987: 5982: 5980: 5975: 5974: 5971: 5962: 5957: 5954: 5950: 5944: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5925: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5909: 5906: 5890: 5886: 5879: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5863: 5860: 5855: 5852: 5839: 5835: 5829: 5826: 5814: 5808: 5805: 5792: 5786: 5783: 5770: 5766: 5760: 5757: 5744: 5740: 5739: 5734: 5732: 5724: 5721: 5705: 5698: 5696: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5669: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5654: 5652: 5648: 5635: 5629: 5626: 5613: 5609: 5603: 5600: 5596: 5590: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5573: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5558: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5525: 5522: 5519: 5515: 5510: 5507: 5503: 5498: 5496: 5492: 5479: 5473: 5470: 5457: 5453: 5447: 5444: 5433: 5432: 5427: 5420: 5417: 5413: 5403: 5402: 5397: 5390: 5387: 5384: 5380: 5377: 5372: 5370: 5366: 5363: 5359: 5354: 5351: 5347: 5346: 5341: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5327: 5324: 5319: 5316: 5313: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5297: 5294: 5291: 5286: 5283: 5278: 5274: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5202: 5199: 5195: 5189: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5171: 5166: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5148: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5088: 5085: 5080: 5073: 5070: 5065: 5063:0-203-67414-6 5059: 5055: 5048: 5045: 5040: 5034: 5031: 5020: 5016: 5010: 5007: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4977: 4974: 4970: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4938: 4935: 4932: 4927: 4924: 4920: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4905: 4902: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4856: 4853: 4849: 4843: 4840: 4837: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4818: 4813: 4807: 4804: 4792:on 2017-05-18 4791: 4787: 4783: 4777: 4774: 4763: 4762:Online Khabar 4759: 4753: 4750: 4737: 4733: 4727: 4724: 4711: 4704: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4688: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4661: 4658: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4634:Owen, James. 4630: 4627: 4615: 4611: 4604: 4601: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4573: 4571: 4567: 4554: 4547: 4544: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4516: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4497: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4464: 4460: 4454: 4451: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4413: 4402: 4398: 4391: 4388: 4384: 4374: 4370: 4364: 4361: 4358: 4353: 4350: 4345: 4341: 4336: 4334: 4326: 4323: 4312: 4310:9781317515654 4306: 4302: 4301: 4296: 4289: 4286: 4274: 4273: 4268: 4262: 4259: 4248: 4244: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4229: 4224: 4217: 4214: 4208: 4205: 4200: 4196: 4190: 4187: 4184: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4166: 4163: 4160: 4156: 4151: 4148: 4144: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4112: 4099: 4092: 4085: 4082: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4054: 4051: 4040: 4038:87-7903-210-9 4034: 4027: 4026: 4019: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3921: 3920: 3915: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3862: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3832: 3819: 3815: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3797: 3794: 3791: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3763: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3746: 3733: 3726: 3723: 3720: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3627: 3623: 3616: 3610: 3607: 3602: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3579: 3577: 3573: 3570: 3565: 3562: 3561:Marpha brandy 3558: 3554: 3550: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3525: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3495: 3491: 3485: 3477: 3473: 3470:Tea-house on 3466: 3452: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3404: 3402: 3398: 3392: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3367: 3362: 3355: 3349: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3328: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3307: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3258: 3251: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3240: 3236: 3233:. It has one 3232: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3190: 3186: 3183:and northern 3182: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3167: 3164:in Nepal and 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3121: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3078:Upper Mustang 3073: 3072:Upper Mustang 3068: 3062: 3058: 3053: 3047: 3043: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3014: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2998: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2979: 2977: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2948: 2946: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2930: 2929: 2920: 2918: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2898: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2878: 2870: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2845: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2830: 2827: 2823: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2771: 2765: 2760: 2753: 2751: 2747: 2745: 2740: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2704: 2698: 2696: 2691: 2687: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2671: 2665: 2660: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2632:Upper Mustang 2628: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2591: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2574:, 0.3% other 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2538:/Dholi, 3.1% 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2497:Sign language 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2447: 2436: 2426: 2425:MediaWiki.org 2422: 2417: 2408: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2341: 2336: 2333: 2332: 2322: 2312: 2302: 2296: 2293:This section 2291: 2287: 2282: 2281: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2267: 2266: 2265:Betula utilis 2261: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2247: 2246: 2241: 2240: 2235: 2234: 2229: 2228: 2227:Betula utilis 2223: 2222: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2208: 2204:, as well as 2203: 2202: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2188: 2183: 2182: 2177: 2176: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2153: 2148: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2100: 2099: 2094: 2087: 2085: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2068: 2065: 2060: 2051: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2035: 2031: 2024:Tiji festival 2022: 2018: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2003:Upper Mustang 2000: 1996: 1983: 1971: 1959: 1947: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1897: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1860:Chumig Gyatsa 1857: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1837:Sri Vaishnava 1834: 1830: 1826: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1796:, Muktinath, 1795: 1790: 1788: 1777: 1771: 1763: 1759: 1752: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1702: 1698: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1682: 1681:Tamang people 1677: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1625: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1613:Upper Mustang 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1590: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1414:more common. 1411: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1272: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1244:Christian era 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1218: 1214: 1211:religion and 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1193:United States 1189: 1187: 1186:Upper Mustang 1183: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1169:Mustang Caves 1160: 1156: 1150: 1142: 1138: 1132: 1115: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1083:Clive Cussler 1081:, a novel by 1080: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1058: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1008:Richard Nixon 1005: 1000: 996: 992: 987: 985: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 949: 947: 942: 938: 933: 931: 927: 926:Central Tibet 923: 919: 918:Western Tibet 915: 911: 910:Kingdom of Lo 903: 898: 891: 886: 879: 874: 867: 865: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 842: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 782: 777: 775: 772: 771: 767: 764: 762: 759: 758: 754: 749: 747: 744: 743: 739: 734: 732: 729: 728: 724: 719: 717: 714: 713: 709: 706: 704: 701: 700: 697: 693: 691: 687: 683: 678: 672: 670: 666: 662: 658: 649: 640: 637: 634: 633: 629: 626: 623: 622: 618: 615: 612: 611: 607: 604: 601: 600: 596: 593: 590: 589: 585: 582: 579: 578: 574: 571: 568: 567: 563: 560: 557: 556: 552: 549: 546: 545: 541: 538: 535: 534: 530: 527: 524: 523: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 506: 500: 496: 492: 488: 487:Upper Mustang 483: 476: 474: 472: 468: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 444: 442: 437: 436:Upper Mustang 433: 429: 424: 422: 418: 414: 410: 405: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 372: 365: 356: 351: 347: 338: 330: 322: 318: 315: 313: 305: 295: 287: 283: 280: 278: 270: 262: 254: 241: 233: 226: 218: 210: 197: 195: 192: • 186: 184: 181: • 175: 167: 159: 156: 149: 146: 134: 131: 124: 121: 119: 112: 101: 99: 88: 76: 64: 55: 50: 46:གློ་སྨོན་ཐང་། 38: 30: 19: 6869: 6683:Arghakhanchi 6639: 6465:Nepal portal 6262: 6252: 6121:Nepal portal 6057: 5956: 5932: 5924: 5916: 5908: 5896:. Retrieved 5889:the original 5872: 5854: 5842:. Retrieved 5838:the original 5828: 5816:. Retrieved 5807: 5795:. Retrieved 5785: 5773:. Retrieved 5769:the original 5759: 5747:. Retrieved 5743:the original 5736: 5733:14 May 2012" 5730: 5723: 5711:. Retrieved 5704:the original 5694: 5638:. Retrieved 5628: 5618:December 14, 5616:. Retrieved 5612:Taipei Times 5611: 5602: 5589: 5561: 5546: 5524: 5517: 5509: 5482:. Retrieved 5472: 5460:. Retrieved 5455: 5446: 5435:. Retrieved 5429: 5419: 5411: 5405:. Retrieved 5399: 5389: 5361: 5353: 5345:Nepali Times 5343: 5318: 5307: 5296: 5285: 5276: 5267: 5198:Nepali Times 5197: 5188: 5180: 5165: 5157: 5142: 5109:. Retrieved 5105:the original 5096: 5087: 5078: 5072: 5053: 5047: 5033: 5022:. Retrieved 5019:ramanuja.org 5018: 5009: 4998:. Retrieved 4986: 4976: 4942: 4937: 4926: 4860: 4855: 4847: 4842: 4806: 4794:. Retrieved 4790:the original 4776: 4765:. Retrieved 4761: 4752: 4740:. Retrieved 4736:the original 4726: 4714:. Retrieved 4709: 4697: 4690: 4660: 4648:. Retrieved 4644:the original 4639: 4629: 4617:. Retrieved 4614:The Guardian 4613: 4603: 4591:. Retrieved 4587:the original 4582: 4557:. Retrieved 4546: 4534:. Retrieved 4530:the original 4525: 4515: 4499: 4492: 4473: 4467:. Retrieved 4465:(in Chinese) 4462: 4453: 4442:. Retrieved 4430: 4404:. Retrieved 4400: 4390: 4382: 4376:. Retrieved 4372: 4363: 4352: 4339: 4332: 4325: 4314:. Retrieved 4299: 4288: 4277:. Retrieved 4270: 4261: 4250:. Retrieved 4246: 4222: 4216: 4207: 4198: 4189: 4165: 4159:Google Earth 4154: 4150: 4102:. Retrieved 4097: 4084: 4072:. Retrieved 4067: 4063: 4053: 4042:, retrieved 4024: 4018: 3929: 3923:. Retrieved 3917: 3907: 3856: 3822:. Retrieved 3818:the original 3807: 3796: 3736:. Retrieved 3725: 3626:the original 3609: 3574: 3566: 3545: 3417:rhododendron 3405: 3393: 3370: 3330: 3324: 3255:Destinations 3228: 3196:Kali Gandaki 3184: 3180: 3170: 3122: 3084:through the 3077: 3076: 3015: 2999: 2985: 2983: 2974: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2942: 2927: 2914: 2896: 2882: 2873: 2858: 2846: 2842: 2831: 2818: 2748: 2741: 2737: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2674: 2672: 2668: 2629: 2625: 2622: 2618: 2615: 2592: 2540:Hill Brahmin 2513: 2450: 2443: 2309:October 2022 2306: 2294: 2276:Demographics 2270: 2263: 2249: 2243: 2237: 2231: 2225: 2219: 2216: 2205: 2199: 2187:Rosa sericea 2185: 2179: 2173: 2170: 2120:snow leopard 2104: 2096: 2082: 2069: 2061: 2057: 2027: 2014: 1993: 1975:From rooftop 1893: 1890:Lo Tsho Dyun 1840: 1822: 1791: 1783: 1730: 1721: 1717: 1706: 1678: 1658: 1630: 1609:Lo Tsho Dyun 1594: 1412: 1407: 1400: 1373: 1301: 1274: 1256:sub-tropical 1221: 1190: 1166: 1105: 1099: 1078: 1063: 988: 981:Tibetologist 961:Shah dynasty 950: 934: 907: 876:Flag of the 843: 788: 703:Climate zone 694: 673: 654: 580:Pasture land 518: 513: 508: 497:in front of 445: 425: 411:in northern 406: 398:Shah dynasty 381: 373: 369:) (from the 345: 344: 293:Postal Codes 6891: / 6713:Kapilavastu 6411:Okhaldhunga 6286:Gharpajhong 5111:15 November 4559:29 December 4104:February 7, 4074:February 7, 4044:22 November 3738:29 December 3551:(a popular 3443:route from 3220:Lo Manthang 3013:in Kobang. 3010:micro-hydro 2972:in Jomsom. 2810:Pani ghatta 2421:Phabricator 2334:Census year 2045:Lopa people 1995:Lo Manthang 1963:From inside 1931:Lo Manthang 1913:Lo Manthang 1862:, which in 1833:Divya Desam 1640:Thak Satsae 1633:the Thakali 1597:Thak Satsae 1554:Lo Manthang 1445:Gharapjhong 1388:Gaunpalikas 1382:. In 2017, 1378:in Nepal's 1353:Lo Manthang 1282:Gharapjhong 1277:Gaunpalikas 1217:illuminated 1205:Lo Manthang 1159:Lo Manthang 1079:The Kingdom 1052: / 946:Lo Manthang 814:Lo Manthang 807:Brahmaputra 801:border and 509:Description 6906:Categories 6879:83°43′50″E 6859:Kanchanpur 6839:Dadeldhura 6441:Tehrathum 6426:Solukhumbu 6301:Lomanthang 5713:27 October 5640:7 February 5484:7 February 5462:7 February 5437:2017-02-10 5407:2017-02-10 5024:2022-11-27 5000:2020-01-08 4951:0906026504 4767:2017-06-16 4469:2017-02-11 4444:2017-02-09 4406:2017-02-10 4378:2017-02-10 4344:Wikisource 4316:2017-02-10 4279:2017-02-10 4252:2017-02-10 4247:The Record 3925:2017-02-10 3580:References 3534:local beer 3516:Dhaulagiri 3476:butter tea 3472:Thorong La 3385:Toni Hagen 3104:border is 3023:wind power 2966:an airport 2826:salt trade 2726:or Indian 2720:cane sugar 2718:or Indian 2642:who speak 1829:Thorong La 1619:Thak Khola 1532:Lomanthang 1425:Population 1421:Gaunpalika 1294:Lomanthang 1260:palm trees 1224:the Buddha 1066:suzerainty 1037:29°18′14″N 977:Sven Hedin 850:Dhaulagiri 710:% of Area 665:Dhaulagiri 464:republican 432:Dhaulagiri 421:Dhaulagiri 382:smon-thang 333:ddcmustang 247:Population 160:, Mustang 139:Government 6876:28°47′0″N 6738:Rupandehi 6582:Ramechhap 6572:Makwanpur 6557:Kathmandu 6537:Bhaktapur 6499:Mahottari 6436:Taplejung 6416:Panchthar 6361:Districts 6357:Provinces 6201:Languages 6150:Sky caves 5818:15 August 5518:Republica 4995:0362-4331 4796:March 11, 4650:3 January 4619:3 January 4593:3 January 4536:27 August 4439:2158-9674 4197:(1992) . 4155:Annapurna 4070:: 129–135 3824:3 January 3730:Kaushik. 3549:Muktinath 3449:Muktinath 3425:Muktinath 3302:Kathmandu 3244:Kathmandu 3224:Muktinath 3222:, and to 3200:elevation 3154:Kathmandu 3061:Muktinath 2990:heartwood 2800:Muktinath 2784:grain in 2762:Goats in 2734:Education 2664:Muktinath 2603:Christian 2556:Chhantyal 2301:talk page 2256:Juniperus 2212:Saxifraga 2124:musk deer 2108:shaligram 1825:Ranipauwa 1810:Muktinath 1692:Panchgaon 1601:Panchgaon 1591:Divisions 1361:Muktinath 1228:Annapurna 1174:mummified 1155:Sky caves 1137:Sky caves 1123:Sky caves 1116:Sky caves 1040:83°58′7″E 937:Himalayas 862:Annapurna 810:watershed 731:Subalpine 716:Temperate 519:% of Area 477:Geography 428:Annapurna 323:languages 282:UTC+05:45 277:Time zone 129:Admin HQ. 6844:Darchula 6771:Jajarkot 6650:Nawalpur 6592:Sindhuli 6567:Lalitpur 6504:Rautahat 6494:Dhanusha 6446:Udayapur 6386:Dhankuta 5862:Archived 5379:Archived 5228:, BioMed 5173:Archived 5150:Archived 4786:सेतोपाटी 4716:12 April 4712:. MoFALD 4183:Flagspot 3557:Buddhist 3441:trekking 3433:Buddhist 3313:Tara Air 3297:Sita Air 3252:Airlines 3088:west of 3086:Himalaya 3006:cow dung 2782:Chaffing 2597:, 37.5% 2595:Buddhist 2518:, 20.1% 2501:Bhojpuri 2493:Maithili 2463:, 13.6% 2459:, 17.9% 2455:, 22.8% 2196:Lonicera 2166:Chhusang 1925:Surkhang 1921:Chhonhup 1868:Vaishnav 1818:Chhusang 1762:Chhusang 1743:Baragaon 1736:Baragaon 1722:bem-chag 1718:bem-chag 1685:Thakalis 1605:Baragaon 1536:लोमन्थाङ 1436:Villages 1365:Surkhang 1321:Chhusang 1313:Chhonhup 1232:Buddhist 1213:Buddhism 1201:Buddhist 1178:Buddhist 1141:Chhusang 1074:monarchy 959:and the 495:Chhusang 118:Province 54:District 6854:Kailali 6829:Bajhang 6824:Baitadi 6796:Surkhet 6781:Kalikot 6756:Dailekh 6748:Karnali 6728:Pyuthan 6693:Bardiya 6675:Lumbini 6665:Tanahun 6660:Syangja 6640:Mustang 6630:Lamjung 6615:Baglung 6607:Gandaki 6577:Nuwakot 6552:Dolakha 6547:Dhading 6542:Chitwan 6529:Bagmati 6514:Sarlahi 6509:Saptari 6476:Madhesh 6431:Sunsari 6401:Khotang 6381:Bhojpur 6291:Thasang 6058:Mustang 5898:27 June 5194:Yarlung 4583:Reuters 3569:western 3538:Kagbeni 3445:Pokhara 3354:Kagbeni 3343:Tourism 3318:Pokhara 3306:Pokhara 3290:Pokhara 3278:Pokhara 3266:Pokhara 3235:asphalt 3212:Kagbeni 3192:airport 3160:—named 3082:Kora La 2854:Dashain 2822:Kora La 2786:Kagbeni 2754:Economy 2716:jaggery 2609:, 0.1% 2605:, 0.7% 2601:, 1.1% 2586:, 0.1% 2582:, 0.1% 2578:, 0.3% 2570:, 0.3% 2566:, 0.6% 2562:, 0.6% 2558:, 0.6% 2554:, 0.7% 2552:Thakuri 2550:, 0.8% 2546:, 0.8% 2542:, 2.0% 2534:, 4.4% 2532:Chhetri 2530:, 6.5% 2526:, 7.9% 2516:Thakali 2507:, 0.1% 2503:, 0.1% 2499:, 0.1% 2495:, 0.2% 2491:, 0.2% 2487:, 0.2% 2485:Belhare 2483:, 0.3% 2479:, 0.4% 2475:, 0.5% 2471:, 1.0% 2467:, 2.2% 2465:Thakali 2423:and on 2343:±% p.a. 2260:Poaceae 2192:Ephedra 2011:Kagbeni 1917:Chhoser 1909:Charang 1876:Tantric 1872:dakinis 1864:Tibetan 1849:Narayan 1806:Kagbeni 1798:Chongur 1794:Jharkot 1787:Thakuri 1674:Tukuche 1654:Tukuche 1648:Tsampa 1583:Charang 1525:Kagbeni 1474:Thasang 1439:Center 1369:Tukuche 1337:Kagbeni 1317:Chhoser 1309:Charang 1306:(VDCs): 1286:Thasang 1091:Karmapa 868:History 854:Tukuche 830:Tukuche 818:Kagbeni 799:Tibetan 682:Kora La 597:41.36% 586:40.57% 374:möntang 371:Tibetan 328:Website 321:Thakali 98:Country 6834:Bajura 6819:Achham 6791:Salyan 6718:Parasi 6655:Parbat 6645:Myagdi 6635:Manang 6620:Gorkha 6587:Rasuwa 6519:Siraha 6406:Morang 6264:Jomsom 5844:6 June 5797:7 June 5775:8 June 5749:14 May 5060: 4993: 4949: 4742:9 June 4437: 4335: 4307: 4098:Pragya 4035: 3494:Marpha 3490:Brandy 3366:Marpha 3332:Planes 3239:runway 3237:paved 3218:, and 3216:Tangbe 3208:Jomsom 3177:Jomsom 3090:Sikkim 3057:Jomsom 3002:LP gas 2986:diyalo 2980:Energy 2869:Marpha 2814:Jomsom 2764:Marpha 2708:Amchis 2690:Amchis 2684:Amchis 2679:Amchis 2675:Amchis 2654:Health 2636:Bhotay 2611:Kirati 2584:Kulung 2548:Sherpa 2544:Tamang 2520:Gurung 2477:Sherpa 2473:Tamang 2461:Gurung 2453:Nepali 2399:+0.82% 2396:14,596 2388:−1.07% 2385:13,452 2377:+0.47% 2374:14,981 2366:+1.01% 2363:14,292 2352:12,930 2184:, and 2079:Nature 2034:gompas 2007:Jomsom 1900:palace 1853:Shakti 1802:Tangbe 1726:Marpha 1714:Marpha 1710:Jomsom 1701:Jomsom 1666:Kowang 1496:Kobang 1467:Jomsom 1449:घरपझोङ 1357:Marpha 1341:Kowang 1333:Jomsom 1298:Dalome 1252:Buddha 1248:stupas 1236:Newari 1106:gyelpo 846:canyon 838:Myagdi 828:, and 826:Marpha 822:Jomsom 803:Ganges 795:source 783:79.8% 746:Alpine 677:Jomsom 657:Manang 641:5.04% 630:0.02% 619:8.40% 608:0.08% 594:1505.7 583:1476.8 575:0.21% 564:0.89% 553:1.10% 542:3.38% 528:3639.6 402:Jomsom 363:Listen 350:Nepali 319:, and 317:Gurung 255:13,452 224: 133:Jomsom 108: 6776:Jumla 6766:Humla 6761:Dolpa 6733:Rolpa 6723:Palpa 6708:Gulmi 6688:Banke 6625:Kaski 6489:Parsa 6396:Jhapa 6373:Koshi 6365:Nepal 6020:Tibet 5892:(PDF) 5881:(PDF) 5707:(PDF) 5700:(PDF) 4706:(PDF) 4555:. 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