628:) leaking from her nose and mouth. In addition, Lopez informed her sister that Elisa would not eat or drink. When Mrs. Torres insisted Awilda take Elisa to the hospital, Awilda replied she would "think about it" after she had finished cleaning the dishes. The following morning, Awilda contacted a neighbor, whom she invited to view Elisa's lifeless body. Upon being unable to locate signs of life, this neighbor told Awilda to call the police, which she refused to do. In response, this neighbor immediately called police and an ambulance as Awilda threatened to commit suicide.
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attended and Prince
Michael of Greece also wrote personal letters to Judge Phoebe Greenbaum, opposing the initial temporary custody of Elisa awarded to Awilda Lopez upon the death of her father and endorsing Elsa Canizares's application to obtain permanent custody of Elisa. Furthermore, in his letter to Judge Greenbaum, Prince Michael of Greece emphasized his intentions to pay for Elisa's education at Brooklyn Friends School should Elsa Canizares be awarded custody of the child.
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the actual caseworker(s) assigned to investigate reports of suspected child abuse or neglect relating to the deceased child or children in question; however, these reports do list each and every complaint and/or report submitted relating to the child or children, and the agency's actual response. In addition, these public records contain an assessment detailing whether or not the agency's overall response had been adequate.
540:. Neighbors also reported hearing sounds of Elisa being beaten and otherwise abused, later reporting hearing Elisa's repeatedly pleading with her mother to stop hitting her, crying out pleas such as: "Mommy, Mommy, please stop! No more! I'm sorry." Some neighbors did report their suspicions of child abuse to child welfare authorities; however, no effective action was taken. Other neighbors reportedly knew of the abuse Elisa
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731:. Prior to formal sentencing, Schlesinger openly criticized the child welfare system within New York, stating: "We have not created procedures to do everything necessary to protect the young and vulnerable in this society. The system has failed to protect our babies, and don't tell me how much it costs. If anything this horrendous tragedy, it will be that we give priority to these babies."
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1122:, Awilda Lopez would deny inflicting any severe form of mental or physical abuse upon Elisa, and categorically denied even tentatively torturing her child. She insisted police had forced her to confess to these acts of cruelty, insisting she had never subjected Elisa to any abuse beyond occasionally "hitting her" or "spanking her" on the backside.
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child abuse or neglect. As such, this report was rejected. A further factor in this decision was the fact Elisa had been under court-ordered caseworker supervision. In response to the school having reporting the suspected abuse of her daughter to the
Manhattan Child Welfare Authorities and a subsequent home visit by staff at the school,
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strong desire to live with her biological mother. Furthermore, Canizares was criticized by Awilda's legal representation at this hearing for having "the nerve" to try and take Elisa from her biological mother. To this accusation, Elsa
Canizares replied her nerve was borne out of fear of Elisa being placed with her mother.
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her mother in 1994 in spite of protestations from her family and school, but numerous instances of concerns for Elisa's safety reported to child welfare agencies such as the
Manhattan Child Welfare Authorities by various individuals since that date had ultimately failed to remove Elisa from the custody of her mother.
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A major deciding factor in the decision to legislate Elisa's Law had been a general and collective frustration experienced by both law enforcement and advocacy personnel when child welfare agencies had repeatedly cited then-existing confidentiality procedures as a justification as to their refusal to
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The public outrage at Elisa's death was fuelled by revelations that despite Awilda Lopez's evident and spiraling drug addiction and the obvious and increasing signs of the ongoing abuse Elisa was suffering at the hands of her mother and stepfather, not only had a judge awarded custody of the child to
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In custody, Awilda initially confessed to having thrown Elisa head-first into a concrete wall two days prior to her contacting her neighbor, adding that Elisa had neither talked nor walked after this incident. A subsequent autopsy revealed numerous injuries including broken fingers (one bone of which
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On March 14, 1995, an anonymous letter was posted to the
Manhattan Child Welfare Authorities. The author of this letter stated that Awilda Lopez had cut off much of Elisa's hair and had begun locking her in a dark room for extensive periods of time. Six days later, Elisa was admitted to hospital with
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Both Elisa's father and her teachers noted the child bore bruising and other signs of physical mistreatment when she returned from these unsupervised visits. One of the locations of these injuries was Elisa's genitalia and the child did divulge that her mother had repeatedly hit her and locked her in
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homeless shelter two years prior to Elisa's birth, where
Gustavo worked part-time as a cleaner and caterer. Awilda herself was a temporary resident at the shelter, having been evicted from the apartment she shared with a previous partner, Ruben Rivera (with whom she had born two children), due to the
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particularly with regards to the deaths of children previously reported to child welfare services as suffering any form of neglect or abuse. All reports pertaining to the deaths of children resulting from child abuse available for public scrutiny do not name the actual deceased child or children, or
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and burns across her head, face and body. In addition, her genitalia and rectum also bore evidence of trauma, including tearing. Thirty circular marks upon her body were found to be impressions left by the stone in the ring of the individual who had struck Elisa. Forensically, it was proven that the
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Reportedly, despite the fact that in addition to having by this time borne six children (three of whom had been born after Elisa), Awilda targeted Elisa for almost all of the abuse she inflicted upon her children. After withdrawing her from her school, Elisa was locked in her bedroom, was denied any
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and a federally funded parenting program. According to Elsa
Canizares, at this hearing, the legal representatives for Awilda testified as to her "valiant efforts" to refrain from relapsing into drug use, falsely claiming that caseworkers had visited the Lopez residence and that Elisa had expressed a
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in addition to losing control of her bowels, and would regularly experience nightmares upon learning she was to be in the custody of her mother for even short periods of time. Another family acquaintance noted that Elisa would always vomit upon her return from these visits to her mother, and refused
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Following Elisa's death, Judge
Greenbaum was subjected to severe criticism regarding her 1994 decision to award custody of Elisa to Awilda Lopez as opposed to Elsa Canizares. Greenbaum responded to this criticism by claiming she had been merely following procedural recommendations when she had made
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In 1990, Gustavo enrolled his daughter in the
Montessori preschool, although shortly thereafter, his incipient ailing health complicated his ability to pay for Elisa's schooling. As Elisa was such an outstanding and promising student and Gustavo such a dedicated father, both teachers and the school
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When Elisa was born, she was addicted to crack cocaine, requiring social workers to immediately notify the city's child welfare administration services as to her condition. As a result of her mother's evident addiction, full custody of Elisa was awarded to her father, Gustavo, who despite having no
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formally signed Elisa's Law into legislation. This legislation, named in Elisa's honor, was signed into law in the presence of several relatives of Elisa, plus numerous social workers and school teachers who had all attempted to intervene and/or inform child welfare authorities in their collective
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water, mopping the floor with Elisa's head and face, inflicting burns upon the child's head, face, lips, and body, sexually violating her both vaginally and anally with a hairbrush or toothbrush, hanging her from a shower rod for the purpose of entertainment, and dropping a chest of drawers on her
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Although Carlos Lopez pleaded guilty to this charge of attempted second-degree assault, claiming he had not actually assaulted Elisa, but had opted to do so to spare his children the emotional trauma of having to testify against him, Judge
Schlesinger rejected this claim outright, adding that the
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A representative from the federally funded parenting program which had endorsed Awilda's initial motion to achieve sole custody of her daughter also reported that Awilda had herself phoned him, complaining that her daughter was unable to control her bladder or bowels, had cut off her hair and was
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The increasing concerns of staff at Public School 126 regarding evident abuse were also reported to the Manhattan Child Welfare Authorities. Reportedly, the Manhattan Child Welfare Authorities soon replied to the school that their concerns were "not reportable" due to a lack of direct evidence of
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Both Gustavo Izquierdo and Elisa's teachers did inform authorities of the abuse Elisa was enduring at the hands of her mother and stepfather. These revelations were also disclosed by Elisa herself to a social worker and her father did apply in 1992 to have Awilda Lopez's visitation rights ceased;
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Prior to these hearings, the director of Elisa's Montessori preschool, Phyllis Bryce, personally wrote a letter to Judge Greenbaum endorsing Elsa Canizares's application to be awarded custody of Elisa, citing the evident emotional and physical abuse the child had repeatedly endured while in the
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In November 1991, Awilda Lopez secured the right to obtain unsupervised visitation rights to Elisa: this ruling awarded her custody of the child every second weekend. Reportedly, Awilda's two oldest children informed relatives that throughout these unsupervised visits, Elisa would be beaten and
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On October 29, 1996, Elisa's stepfather, Carlos Lopez, was sentenced to serve between one-and-a-half and three years in prison, to run consecutive with the sentence he was serving at the time of Elisa's death. This sentence was in relation to one specific instance of physical abuse dating from
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of her daughter in a hearing held before Judge Alvin Schlesinger at the New York's State Supreme Court. Upon the advice of her attorney, Daniel Ollen, she pleaded guilty to this deal offered by the prosecution team with the knowledge she would become eligible for parole after serving 15 years'
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challenged the ruling and herself applied for custody of Elisa; citing the documented abuse Elisa had previously endured during the unsupervised weekend visits with her mother, and the manner in which Awilda is known to have spoken to the child. Both the head teacher of the school Elisa still
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Carlos Lopez would claim to hospital staff this injury had been caused as a result of Elisa jumping off of a bunk bed. When Elisa responded to questions by hospital staff regarding several cuts upon her lips, the child reportedly replied: "Last night I ate a lot of sugar, and the roaches bit
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Elisa Izquierdo's funeral was held on November 29, 1995. The service was officiated by the Reverend Gianni Agostinelli, who informed the estimated 300 mourners in attendance that Elisa had been murdered not only by her own mother, but by the "silence of many, by the neglect of child-welfare
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Following Elisa's murder, a neighbor of Awilda Lopez named Tony Ng would justify the collective failure of all her neighbors who had heard the ongoing sounds of Elisa's evident abuse and her pleading to her mother for the mistreatment to cease by simply stating: "We thought it her way of
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of Elisa was that had this case gone to trial, two of Elisa's siblings (aged eight and nine) would likely have had to deliver testimony against their mother, and the prosecution wished to spare these children any additional distress this experience would likely have caused
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Upon hearing news of Gustavo's death, the director of Elisa's school, Phyllis Bryce, contacted a family court judge to express the grave concerns of both herself and numerous members of the school's staff as to the child's safety should her mother gain custody of her.
194:, a major restructuring of the city's child welfare system; increasing accountability of all parties involved in child welfare and reducing areas of confidentiality relating to public disclosure in cases of this nature. Elisa's Law was implemented in February 1996.
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until 12th grade; she in turn responded to this gesture with a handwritten note expressing her gratitude. Occasionally thereafter, Prince Michael of Greece would send Elisa small gifts, to which she would express her thanks by responding with drawings or notes.
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given to Elisa by her father which she is known to have cherished was placed alongside her body. Many mourners placed additional flowers, toys, stuffed animals and notes of sympathy in and upon her coffin prior to her casket being closed and her burial at
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When Awilda was unable to dissuade this neighbor from notifying authorities of her daughter's murder, she ran to the roof of her apartment building, threatening to jump to her death. Police would successfully deter her from jumping from the
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Upon hearing news of Gustavo's death, Awilda applied for full, permanent custody of Elisa. She was initially granted temporary custody of the child. Upon hearing the initial awarding of Elisa's temporary custody to Awilda Lopez, Elsa
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apparently drinking from the toilet. In response to this phone call from Awilda, this representative did call a representative from the Manhattan Child Welfare Authorities, who rebuffed his requests to visit the Lopez residence.
353:, and had married a maintenance worker named Carlos Lopez, with whom she was now expecting her fourth child. In December 1990, having given birth to a daughter named Taisha, she regained custody of her two oldest children.
394:). Gustavo Izquierdo died on May 26; the same date he had planned to travel to Cuba with Elisa. Shortly thereafter, when Elisa asked her mother where her father was, Awilda simply screamed the words, "Your father's dead!"
324:, in 1993. Reportedly, upon his arrival at the school, Elisa leaped into Prince Michael's arms, and stayed by his side for the rest of the day. He in turn offered to pay for Elisa's private tuition at the independent
1038:, Gustavo Izquierdo had earnestly requested that, should he die or be incapable of caring for his daughter, Elisa should be placed in the custody of her aunt or a biological relative of his, and not Awilda Lopez.
477:, uncommunicative, and to urinate frequently. The principal of this school also noted that Elisa bore numerous bruises, walked with apparent difficulty, and had evidently begun tearing out sections of her hair.
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Upon being awarded full custody of her daughter, Awilda withdrew Elisa from the private school she had been attending, and enrolled her in Manhattan's Public School 126, where Elisa was quickly observed to be
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On November 15, Carlos Lopez was jailed in relation to a violation of parole. Seven days later, on the evening of November 22, Awilda phoned one of her sisters, Mercy Torres, to report that Elisa was "like
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Other indignities and abuse inflicted by Awilda upon her daughter (some of which were witnessed by Elisa's siblings) included repeated punching and kicking, forcing the child to eat her own feces or drink
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Elisa's Law is designed to balance the need for increased accountability through public awareness and government oversight with the privacy interests of individuals involved in child protective services
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In response to the death of Elisa Izquierdo, the then-Mayor of New York City, Rudolph Giuliani, instigated an urgent review of the city's child welfare system. This review inspired the creation of the
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Awilda is also known to have claimed to an acquaintance to have once slid snakes down Elisa's throat. It is unknown whether this particular incident occurred or was a mere fantasy on her part.
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ring finger and toe. Awilda's partner, Carlos Lopez (himself also a regular user of drugs) is also known to have repeatedly physically abused and neglected Elisa and her two older siblings.
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attending parenting classes, seeking advice from relatives as to how to care for his daughter, organizing celebrations for her first birthdays, and renting a banquet hall to celebrate her
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292:. Concern by her own family as to her extensive usage of drugs resulted in Awilda losing custody of her two eldest children, Rubencino and Kasey, to her own family in January 1989.
386:. He is known to have purchased airline tickets for himself and his daughter, with the travel date being May 26, 1994. However, in May, Gustavo was admitted to hospital with acute
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would state to the media: "The judge ultimately makes the decision, based on all the facts and records, and is supposed to go behind those things make determinations."
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was held. Those present at Elisa's wake and funeral included relatives, neighbors, politicians, Prince Michael of Greece, and members of the public touched by the case.
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Following Elisa's death and subsequent public funeral, her life story became the subject of numerous local and national media articles, from local tabloids such as the
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Elisa's Law continues to hold the child welfare agency of New York City and the Administration for Children's Services (ACS) publicly accountable for its performance.
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190:) had missed numerous opportunities to intervene in her case and ultimately save her life. These failures to protect Elisa subsequently became the inspiration for
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The abuse endured by Elisa' siblings after Awilda obtained custody of her daughter included beatings with leather straps and placing their hands upon hot stoves.
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rose by 25 percent, although simultaneous budget cuts had reduced the number of caseworkers required to efficiently oversee this increasing number of cases.
455:, reflecting on a personal letter he wrote to Judge Phoebe Greenbaum endorsing Elsa Canizares's application to be awarded custody of Elisa Izquierdo in 1994
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Lopez is also believed to have repeatedly thrown Elisa into the ocean while on a trip to Brooklyn, but was never prosecuted for these instances of cruelty.
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informed the media that one of the reasons the prosecution team had chosen to offer Lopez the opportunity to plead guilty to the reduced charge of the
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however, the courts ruled that the visitation rights could continue, albeit with the conditions Awilda must not strike or otherwise harm her daughter.
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Described by authorities as the "worst case of child abuse they had ever seen," Elisa's story made national headlines when it was discovered that
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prosecution team had largely chosen to charge Lopez with this charge to spare Elisa's siblings any further psychological or emotional trauma.
697:. Elisa wore a crown of white flowers on her head, a single red rose was placed in her hand, and her coffin was adorned with white flowers. A
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Awilda Lopez initially became eligible for parole in 2010; she was denied parole in January 2022, but released from the medium security
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At Awilda Lopez's subsequent trial, she would confess to having thrown Elisa into a cement surface on November 20 before leaving her "
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Elisa's casket remained open throughout the ceremony. The extensive damage inflicted to her face and neck was heavily concealed via
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Journey Into Darkness: The FBI's Premier Investigator Penetrates the Minds and Motives of the Most Terrifying Serial Killers
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Journey Into Darkness: The FBI's Premier Investigator Penetrates the Minds and Motives of the Most Terrifying Serial Killers
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due to the acts of extreme physical, mental, and sexual abuse they had been forced to witness inflicted upon their sister.
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October 31, 1995, in which he had repeatedly banged Elisa's head against a concrete wall in the presence of her siblings.
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who had emigrated to the United States with aspirations to become a dance teacher; whereas her mother, Awilda, was of
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her siblings endured, but failed to notify authorities. Some neighbors noted that Awilda would refer to Elisa as a "
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Awilda Lopez's application to obtain permanent custody of Elisa was approved by Judge Greenbaum in September 1994.
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and drooling" on a bed for two days before attempting to find or provide any form of assistance for her daughter.
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at age four. As one family friend would later relate, " was his life. He would always say she was his princess."
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withdrew Elisa from Public School 126 in December 1994. She made no effort to enroll Elisa in any other school.
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792:. Much of the media coverage devoted to this case was openly scathing of New York's child welfare agencies.
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a closet, adding that she had no desire to see her mother again. Her father also noted that Elisa had begun
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706:. Elisa's gravestone bears a plaque, with the inscription reading: "World please watch over the children."
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stating that Awilda had successfully beaten her addiction, had secured permanent accommodation within the
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According to statistics, between 1988 and 1993, the number of reported cases of child abuse cases within
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1994:
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1523:"A Mother's Tale: Drugs, Despair and Violence: A Life Mired in Urban Ills Ends in a Daughter's Death"
1490:"A Mother's Tale: Drugs, Despair and Violence: A Life Mired in Urban Ills Ends in a Daughter's Death"
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Elisa Izquierdo's five siblings were raised in separate foster homes. Reportedly, all suffered acute
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conducted an interview with Awilda Lopez prior to her June 1996 sentencing as part of her eponymous
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detailing the abuse Elisa suffered prior to her death, and the missed opportunities to protect her
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opportunity to socialize with her siblings or to leave the apartment and was denied access to the
266:. The two began a temporary relationship, although reportedly, this ended when Gustavo discovered
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1308:"Open Justice: Little Girl's Murder Brought New York's Juvenile Court Proceedings into the Light"
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under the title "A Shameful Death". Elisa's story was also featured on an August 1996 episode of
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by her mother and stepfather. These relatives did not inform authorities of these revelations.
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inflicted by her mother, Awilda Lopez, at the peak of a prolonged and escalating campaign of
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efforts to prevent the child being with or remaining in the awarded custody of her mother.
447:"There was a solution. There were people ready to take this child ... to love this child."
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because she had at first been under the protection of a loving father and had befriended
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2030:"Seven Warnings: A Special Report; She Suffered in Plain Sight but Alarms Were Ignored"
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The following month, Judge Schlesinger sentenced Awilda Lopez to a term of 15 years to
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was protruding through the skin), a broken toe, damage to internal organs, and deep
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pertaining to the abuse and murder of Elisa Izquierdo, and subsequent legislation
2513:"Mother of Elisa Izquierdo Pleads Guilty to Murder in a Pivotal Child Abuse Case"
2454:"Mother of Elisa Izquierdo Pleads Guilty to Murder in a Pivotal Child-Abuse Case"
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2238:"Mother of Elisa Izquierdo Pleads Guilty to Murder in a Pivotal Child Abuse Case"
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to her story being given front-page coverage of the December 11, 1995 edition of
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566:" and a "filthy little whore" who had been placed under a spell by her father.
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answer any probing questions regarding their collective role in Elisa's death.
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pertaining to New York City's history of failure to prevent fatal child abuse
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In 1993, Gustavo Izquierdo formed plans to relocate with Elisa to his native
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prior parenting experience was, by all accounts, a doting, caring father to
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3041:
The Future of Child Protection: How to Break the Cycle of Abuse and Neglect
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Deliver Us From Evil: Boston University Studies in Philosophy and Religion
2626:"Department of Corrections and Community Supervision: Incarcerated Lookup"
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The same year Elisa was enrolled in preschool, a social worker signed an
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disciplining her kids. That's not unusual, in this building at least."
2092:"Three Years After a Girl's Murder, Five Siblings Lack Stable Homes"
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an agency solely devoted to the issue of child welfare in New York.
2881:"Plenty of Blame in Child's Death: Child-Welfare Agency Under Fire"
2655:"Stepfather is Sentenced to Prison in Abuse of Girl Who Later Died"
923:, this interview was incorporated into a 45-minute episode, titled
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missed opportunities to remove her from the custody of her mother
2596:"After Two Decades, Residents Hope to Memorialize Murdered Child"
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1203:"After Two Decades, Residents Hope to Memorialize Murdered Child"
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Both prior to and after his diagnosis as suffering from terminal
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In an April 1996 interview granted to television talk show host
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before being placed into the permanent custody of her mother.
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injuries had been sustained over a prolonged period of time.
579:... this is the worst case of child abuse I have ever seen."
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by this time known to have reverted to regular crack cocaine
2479:"Mother of 6-Year-Old Girl Pleads Guilty to Child's Murder"
1906:"Little Girl Was a Cinderella Even a Prince Could Not Save"
1381:"Little Girl Was a Cinderella Even a Prince Could Not Save"
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Elisa's casket prior to interment at Cypress Hills Cemetery
147:(February 11, 1989 â November 22, 1995) was a six-year-old
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The Emotional Politics of Social Work and Child Protection
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who had offered to pay for her private tuition until 12th
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custody of her mother as her reasoning for this decision.
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principal introduced her to one of the school's patrons,
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her custodial decision. In response to this claim, then-
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Meyer, Cheryl; Oberman, Michelle; White, Kelly (2011).
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List of child abuse cases featuring long-term detention
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Little Lost Girl: The Life and Death of Elisa Izquierdo
2319:"Elisa's Mom in Suicide Try: Rikers Guard Thwarts Her"
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On June 25, 1996, Awilda Lopez pleaded guilty to the
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Lieutenant Luis Gonzalez, recollecting the extensive
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New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services
1849:"Girl's Cousin Is Haunted By Failure to Get Custody"
1791:"Girl's Cousin Is Haunted By Failure to Get Custody"
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mediocrity that has intoxicated our neighborhoods".
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Department of Corrections and Community Supervision
2428:"State Keeps Death Files of Abused Children Secret"
2028:Bernstein, Nina; Bruni, Frank (December 24, 1995).
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99:
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3149:article detailing Elisa Izquierdo's death and the
1564:"Mourning an Iinnocent Child's Terrible Existence"
234:Elisa Izquierdo was born on February 11, 1989, in
2402:"Child Abuse Victim Again Galvanizes New Yorkers"
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2060:"Caseworkers Pressured to Close Children's Files"
2015:
495:the injury having been untreated for three days.
2769:"New Mike Aide Faces Daunting Task & Doubts"
624:on the bed", with fluid (later determined to be
2910:Child Abuse: Guide to Investigating Child Abuse
2824:"Laws of New York, 1996 Chapter 12 Elisa's Law"
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238:Brooklyn, New York. Her father, Gustavo, was a
2191:. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. January 26, 1996
2974:Eckel, David M.; Herling, Bradley L. (2011).
2798:"State Keeps Files of Abused Children Secret"
2717:"State Keeps Files of Abused Children Secret"
2371:"Little Girl had Many Chances but Still Died"
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2978:. Continuum International Publishing Group.
1908:. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. November 30, 1995
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1279:"Elisa's Death: A Year Later, Hints of Hope"
3027:Shattered Bonds: The Color Of Child Welfare
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1991:"Girl's Case Shows Problems of Child Abuse"
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197:Elisa has been referred to as a modern-day
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919:daytime talk show series. Commissioned by
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3256:November 1995 crimes in the United States
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2346:"With Anger and Shame, a Child Is Buried"
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2855:"Law To Ease Disclosures on Child Abuse"
2853:Hernandez, Raymond (February 13, 1996).
2792:
2790:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2677:
2675:
2648:
2646:
2630:New York State Department of Corrections
2426:Craven McGinty, Jo (February 28, 2012).
2313:
2311:
2131:. The Orlando Sentinel. December 8, 1995
2115:
1842:
1840:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
3216:Child sexual abuse in the United States
3196:American people of Puerto Rican descent
2276:
1813:
1811:
1557:
1555:
1301:
1299:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1027:
981:
654:Elisa's grave at Cypress Hills Cemetery
3226:Deaths by beating in the United States
3078:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (
3071:
2959:Douglas, John; Olshaker, Mark (1997).
2943:Character and Cops: Ethics in Policing
2932:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (
2925:
2682:Shapiro, Michael (November 24, 1999).
2344:Alvarez, Lizette (November 30, 1995).
1956:
1954:
1699:Alvarez, Lizette (November 28, 1995).
1521:Alvarez, Lizette (November 27, 1995).
1488:Alvarez, Lizette (November 27, 1995).
1264:
884:Douglas, John; Olshaker, Mark (1997).
818:Administration for Children's Services
639:
188:Administration for Children's Services
2542:"Woman Sentenced in Daughter's Death"
2189:"Tortured Girl's Stepfather Indicted"
1961:Lorca, Federico (December 11, 1995).
1644:"Spiral of Child's Abuse Shakes N.Y."
1337:
1335:
1333:
1306:Stack, Barbara (September 24, 2001).
7:
3128:pertaining to the implementation of
1701:"How a Little Girl Charmed a Prince"
1277:Purnick, Joyce (November 21, 1996).
575:"In my 22 years of service with the
3246:Incidents of violence against girls
2653:Sullivan, John (October 30, 1996).
1743:Hampson, Rick (November 29, 1995).
1379:Hampson, Rick (November 30, 1995).
2879:Robin, Joshua (November 9, 2001).
2742:Bowles, Peter (November 9, 2001).
2540:LeDuff, Charlie (August 1, 1996).
2211:"Mom Pleads Guilty in Abuse Death"
1932:Peyser, Mara (December 10, 1995).
1873:Van Biema, David (June 24, 2001).
1847:Bruni, Frank (November 27, 1995).
1789:Bruni, Frank (November 27, 1995).
1422:Van Biema, David (June 24, 2001).
1239:Peyser, Mark (December 10, 1995).
600:suffered by Elisa Izquierdo (1995)
433:Lacking sufficient funding to pay
333:Partial custodial rights of mother
14:
3231:Deaths by person in New York City
3211:Child murder in the United States
3181:1995 murders in the United States
2744:"Despite Changes, Horrors Endure"
2400:Getlin, Josh (January 18, 2006).
2090:Swarns, Rachel (August 4, 1998).
402:Full custodial awarding to mother
175:conducted between 1994 and 1995.
3266:People murdered in New York City
3191:American people of Cuban descent
2996:. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
2381:. November 30, 1995. p. C10
2236:Sexton, Joseph (June 25, 1996).
2129:"Horrible Life - Innocent Child"
1008:
996:
984:
927:and was broadcast in April 1996.
660:
648:
3009:Mothers who Kill Their Children
2902:Cited works and further reading
2692:. New York City: New York Media
2150:Meyer, Oberman & White 2001
2016:Meyer, Oberman & White 2001
1971:. New York City: New York Media
1963:"The Front Page: The Dead Girl"
1562:Beck, Joan (December 8, 1995).
1456:. Time Magazine. June 24, 2001.
888:. New York City: Pocket Books.
833:On February 12, 1996, Governor
577:New York City Police Department
3206:Child abuse resulting in death
1745:"Little Girl Had Many Chances"
1:
3241:Filicides in New York (state)
3186:1990s crimes in New York City
3011:. New York University Press.
2511:Sexton, Joe (June 25, 1996).
2452:Sexton, Joe (June 25, 1996).
736:Taconic Correctional Facility
262:in part due to her extensive
246:descent. The couple met at a
3043:. Harvard University Press.
2912:. Diane Publishing Company.
2265:Douglas & Olshaker 1997
1934:"The Death of Little Elisa"
1728:Douglas & Olshaker 1997
1589:"The Death of Little Elisa"
1547:Douglas & Olshaker 1997
1467:Douglas & Olshaker 1997
1241:"The Death Of Little Elisa"
686:Prior to Elisa's burial, a
390:(subsequently diagnosed as
3282:
909:Television talk show host
418:the cousin of Gustavo and
277:at the time pregnant with
3125:Contemporary news article
3117:Contemporary news article
3025:Roberts, Dorothy (2009).
2163:"A Little Girl, Murdered"
1819:"What Happened to Elisa?"
1624:. time.com. June 24, 2001
1205:. DNAinfo. Archived from
659:
647:
388:respiratory complications
28:
3201:American torture victims
3039:Waldfogel, Jane (2001).
2941:Delattre, Edwin (2011).
1777:Eckel & Herling 2011
1131:Following this hearing,
453:Prince Michael of Greece
322:Prince Michael of Greece
251:couple's failure to pay
203:Prince Michael of Greece
3054:Warner, Joanne (2015).
2483:Waycross Journal-Herald
2167:The Washington Examiner
1875:"Abandoned to Her Fate"
1622:"Abandoned to her Fate"
1454:"Abandoned to Her Fate"
1424:"Abandoned to Her Fate"
1385:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
1312:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
326:Brooklyn Friends School
2908:Bilchik, Shay (1997).
921:King World Productions
803:Mayor of New York City
796:Judge Phoebe Greenbaum
704:Cypress Hills Cemetery
581:
536:being forced to use a
449:
288:was a regular user of
104:Cypress Hills Cemetery
3236:Female murder victims
3176:1995 in New York City
2994:Criminology 1997/1998
2406:The Los Angeles Times
2213:. Bangor Daily News.
1669:"Child's Doomed Life"
1209:on September 20, 2018
812:Resulting legislation
679:institutions and the
475:emotionally disturbed
80:, New York City, U.S.
61:, New York City, U.S.
3261:People from Brooklyn
3109:Archival information
2992:Fisch, Mark (1996).
2684:"Death Be Not Proud"
2570:"Inmate Information"
2215:The Associated Press
1995:The Associated Press
1885:Meredith Corporation
1434:on February 21, 2017
1347:The City of New York
1140:second-degree murder
867:psychological trauma
721:second-degree murder
370:to enter bathrooms.
106:, Brooklyn, New York
3221:Crimes in Manhattan
2834:on February 3, 2014
2804:. February 29, 2012
2773:New York Daily News
2723:. February 29, 2012
2323:New York Daily News
2296:. November 25, 1995
2169:. December 18, 1995
1997:. November 30, 1995
1825:. November 29, 1995
1755:on February 2, 2019
1675:. November 26, 1995
1673:New York Daily News
1649:. November 30, 1995
1595:. December 10, 1995
1568:Beaver County Times
959:Psychological abuse
771:New York Daily News
738:on April 19, 2022.
695:funeral cosmetology
464:Escalation of abuse
155:girl who died of a
126:40.6956°N 73.8761°W
122: /
92:, multiple trauma,
86:Cause of death
3166:1990s in Manhattan
2859:The New York Times
2802:The New York Times
2775:. January 15, 2006
2721:The New York Times
2659:The New York Times
2546:The New York Times
2517:The New York Times
2458:The New York Times
2432:The New York Times
2350:The New York Times
2294:The New York Times
2242:The New York Times
2096:The New York Times
2066:. December 2, 1995
2064:The New York Times
1853:The New York Times
1823:The New York Times
1795:The New York Times
1705:The New York Times
1527:The New York Times
1494:The New York Times
1283:The New York Times
944:Child sexual abuse
483:fractured shoulder
3065:978-1-447-31843-9
3049:978-0-674-00723-9
3035:978-0-786-73064-3
3018:978-0-814-75643-0
3002:978-0-697-35421-1
2985:978-1-441-11641-3
2969:978-1-439-19981-7
2952:978-0-844-77226-4
2919:978-0-788-17633-3
2606:on March 24, 2014
2594:Solomon, Serena.
2375:Observer-Reporter
2290:"Don't Look Away"
1883:. New York City:
1318:on April 19, 2014
1136:Robert Morgenthau
1133:District Attorney
895:978-1-439-19981-7
777:The New York Post
729:life imprisonment
671:
670:
551:to a much lesser
439:Legal Aid Society
236:Woodhull Hospital
142:
141:
131:40.6956; -73.8761
70:November 22, 1995
55:February 11, 1989
35:Izquierdo in 1995
3273:
3083:
3077:
3069:
3058:. Policy Press.
3022:
2989:
2963:. Pocket Books.
2956:
2937:
2931:
2923:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2830:. Archived from
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2794:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2713:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2679:
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2667:
2665:
2650:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2602:. Archived from
2600:DNAinfo New York
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2508:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2487:Associated Press
2475:
2469:
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2466:
2464:
2449:
2443:
2442:
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2438:
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2417:
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2412:
2397:
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2390:
2388:
2386:
2379:Associated Press
2367:
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2341:
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2250:
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2227:
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2222:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2087:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2056:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1958:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1929:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1751:. Archived from
1749:Associated Press
1740:
1731:
1725:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1696:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1640:
1634:
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1618:
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1604:
1602:
1600:
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1578:
1576:
1574:
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1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1518:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1485:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1430:. Archived from
1419:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1376:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1353:on April 9, 2013
1349:. Archived from
1339:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1314:. Archived from
1303:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1236:
1219:
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1216:
1214:
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561:
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535:
534:
530:
520:
519:
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508:
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456:
428:
427:
423:
417:
416:
412:
306:
305:
301:
287:
286:
282:
276:
275:
271:
261:
260:
256:
225:
224:
220:
214:
213:
209:
186:system (now the
157:brain hemorrhage
137:
136:
134:
133:
132:
127:
123:
120:
119:
118:
115:
90:Brain hemorrhage
73:
54:
52:
33:
19:
16:Child abuse case
3281:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3251:Lower East Side
3156:
3155:
3135:Elisa Izquierdo
3090:
3070:
3066:
3053:
3029:. Basic Books.
3019:
3006:
2986:
2973:
2953:
2940:
2924:
2920:
2907:
2904:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2878:
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2873:
2863:
2861:
2852:
2851:
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2736:
2726:
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2715:
2714:
2705:
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2681:
2680:
2673:
2663:
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2651:
2644:
2634:
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2623:
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2578:
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2548:
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2531:
2521:
2519:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2489:. June 25, 1996
2477:
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2472:
2462:
2460:
2451:
2450:
2446:
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2410:
2408:
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2317:
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2299:
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2283:
2275:
2271:
2263:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2217:. June 25, 1996
2209:
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2194:
2192:
2187:
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2161:
2160:
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2114:
2110:
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2079:
2069:
2067:
2058:
2057:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1960:
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1952:
1942:
1940:
1931:
1930:
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1911:
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1259:
1249:
1247:
1245:The Daily Beast
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643:External images
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374:Death of father
347:Lower East Side
345:project in the
335:
317:
303:
299:
297:
284:
280:
278:
273:
269:
267:
258:
254:
252:
240:Cuban immigrant
232:
222:
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216:
211:
207:
206:
145:Elisa Izquierdo
130:
128:
124:
121:
116:
113:
111:
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81:
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71:
62:
56:
50:
48:
47:
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45:Elisa Izquierdo
36:
24:
23:Elisa Izquierdo
17:
12:
11:
5:
3279:
3277:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3258:
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3146:New York Times
3143:November 1995
3141:
3132:
3121:
3113:
3105:
3089:
3088:External links
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2269:
2267:, p. 193.
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2118:, p. 298.
2108:
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2034:New York Times
2020:
2018:, p. 125.
2008:
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1730:, p. 192.
1717:
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1549:, p. 191.
1539:
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964:Physical abuse
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173:sexual abuse
149:Puerto Rican
144:
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72:(1995-11-22)
3171:1995 deaths
3130:Elisa's Law
2890:December 6,
2864:January 14,
2808:January 26,
2779:December 6,
2753:December 6,
2727:January 25,
2696:December 6,
2664:January 15,
2522:January 12,
2173:December 6,
2135:February 1,
2070:January 30,
1975:November 9,
1943:January 27,
1890:January 17,
1829:January 14,
1759:February 2,
1710:January 29,
1679:January 17,
1499:January 27,
1265:Warner 2015
1213:January 16,
1097:unconscious
1036:lung cancer
939:Child abuse
699:Barbie doll
626:brain fluid
538:chamber pot
392:lung cancer
248:Fort Greene
192:Elisa's Law
129: /
94:child abuse
3160:Categories
3096:Daily News
2329:January 9,
2247:January 6,
2221:January 6,
2195:January 6,
2101:January 5,
2039:August 15,
2001:January 6,
1912:January 6,
1183:References
904:Television
878:Literature
710:Sentencing
608:ammoniated
435:legal fees
367:bedwetting
264:drug abuse
230:Early life
199:Cinderella
117:73°52â˛34âłW
114:40°41â˛44âłN
51:1989-02-11
3074:cite book
2928:cite book
2838:August 6,
2610:August 6,
2551:August 6,
1858:August 6,
1800:August 7,
1647:Star-News
1109:building.
991:Biography
755:Aftermath
594:emotional
564:Mongoloid
471:withdrawn
409:Canizares
359:neglected
351:Manhattan
339:affidavit
315:Preschool
169:emotional
78:Manhattan
2689:New York
2635:April 6,
2411:July 10,
1968:New York
1938:Newsweek
1779:, Ch. 2.
1593:Newsweek
949:Filicide
932:See also
861:Siblings
622:retarded
586:physical
161:physical
59:Brooklyn
3101:article
2885:Newsday
2748:Newsday
2493:June 5,
2463:June 5,
2355:June 5,
2300:June 5,
1573:June 5,
1532:June 5,
1438:June 5,
1390:June 5,
1357:June 5,
1322:June 5,
1288:June 5,
1250:June 5,
977:Portals
916:Rolonda
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596:, and
590:mental
553:degree
527:toilet
501:Awilda
268:Awilda
171:, and
165:mental
3093:2016
1143:them.
1022:Notes
873:Media
844:cases
681:moral
634:welts
420:Elisa
298:Elisa
279:Elisa
217:grade
3080:link
3060:ISBN
3045:ISBN
3031:ISBN
3013:ISBN
2998:ISBN
2980:ISBN
2965:ISBN
2947:ISBN
2934:link
2914:ISBN
2892:2022
2866:2019
2840:2014
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2781:2022
2755:2022
2729:2019
2698:2022
2666:2019
2637:2022
2612:2014
2581:2015
2553:2014
2524:2019
2495:2013
2465:2013
2439:2015
2413:2021
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2331:2019
2302:2013
2249:2019
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2197:2019
2175:2022
2137:2019
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2041:2021
2003:2019
1977:2017
1945:2019
1914:2019
1892:2017
1880:Time
1860:2014
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1802:2021
1761:2019
1712:2019
1681:2017
1655:2017
1630:2016
1601:2017
1575:2013
1534:2013
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1392:2013
1359:2013
1324:2013
1290:2013
1252:2013
1215:2019
1058:me."
890:ISBN
774:and
688:wake
384:Cuba
253:rent
67:Died
41:Born
3137:at
1015:Law
542:and
512:use
349:of
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