261:. As the sentence was announced, Middlebrooks grinned and mouthed, "thank god." According to his sister, he had been expecting a death sentence. After the sentence was announced, Majors' family expressed relief at the verdict. Majors' brother believed Middlebrooks deserved the death penalty. Majors' father, John Majors, said, "I think it was one of the most fair things I've seen done in this town on behalf of a black person. Sometimes we, as blacks, do not expect Justice." He expressed his belief that he had not always supported the death penalty because it was often used disproportionately against black defendants, but the rising crime rates in recent years changed his mind. He also expected less commitment from the state in prosecuting a white defendant on behalf of a black family. He was impressed with the vigor of the prosecution on his family's behalf.
158:
repeatedly. Majors was then tortured for several hours. He was slapped, beaten with brass knuckles, hit with a stick, and urinated on by either Donald or
Brewington. Donald later admitted to striking Majors and hitting him on the leg with a switch. He also claimed Tammy burned Majors' nose with a cigarette lighter while Brewington urged them on. Brewington also admitted to hitting Majors in the face with a wooden stick. A letter "X" was also carved into his chest with a knife. After being tortured, Majors was stabbed twice in the chest with an assault knife. Middlebrooks later claimed that both he and Brewington stabbed Majors once each. In a previous statement, however, he claimed to have inflicted both stab wounds. Brewington claimed Middlebrooks inflicted both stab wounds. Majors then succumbed to his injuries and died at the scene.
216:
Swisher was suspended twenty working days without pay. Casey accused them of being lax. After
Deborah called the police, Officer Swisher was dispatched to her home. He took a missing person report and notified officers in the Juvenile Division; however, he did not initiate a search, which department policy required. Sergeant Graves, Swisher's supervisor, should have headed to the scene but failed to do so. Swisher did not interview Majors' friend, who had witnessed the kidnapping. However, Casey and the Assistant Police Chief agreed that even a proper police investigation would not have saved Majors' life as they concluded he had been killed before the call was made.
180:
Majors' naked body was found lying face up in a dry creek bed under a foam mattress in the woods near the area where Majors had been abducted. Bruises and burns covered his body, and the letter "X" was carved across his chest. Urine was also found on different parts of his body, and a bloody stick lay near his head. Two deep stab wounds were found in his chest a couple of inches apart. An autopsy later determined the cause of death was a stab wound to the chest. The letter "X" had been carved into his chest before the fatal stab wound had been inflicted.
189:
also directed the officers to the location of the murder weapon, which was covered in bloodstains. Brewington also told police where to find Donald and Tammy. Hours later, the pair were arrested at a shack. Donald and Tammy both resisted arrest. Tammy tried to run but was bitten by a police dog and arrested. Donald refused to leave the shack and stood his ground while armed with a knife. With the aid of police dogs, he was arrested and taken to the hospital for treatment of dog bites before being transported to police headquarters.
154:
Majors, and
Brewington grabbed him around his neck and head. Majors resisted and told the group they knew who he was. Brewington responded by shouting racial slurs at him. Two of Majors' friends then saw Donald Middlebrooks and Brewington take Majors back to the table, where Middlebrooks struck him across the face, knocking him to the ground. Later that night, Majors' friends told his mother, Deborah, what had happened. She then called the police.
254:
with murder committed in the commission of a felony, instead of premeditated murder, with the felony being kidnapping. Both charges were considered first-degree murder, which made him eligible for the death penalty. Middlebrooks' defense attorneys argued he should be spared from a death sentence as he had severe mental illness.
288:, citing the racial slurs made toward Majors during the attack. One of Majors' friends who had witnessed Majors being grabbed had heard Middlebrooks say to him, "shut up nigger." He also testified that he had spoken with Middlebrooks on the morning of the murder. Middlebrooks had supposedly told him that he was a member of the
277:. The ruling tightened the rules for imposing a death sentence when someone was killed during the commission of another crime, with the Majors' case being kidnapping and murder. The Supreme Court affirmed Middlebrooks' kidnapping and felony murder convictions but entitled him to a new sentencing hearing on the murder charge.
207:, Donald Middlebrooks was attacked by black inmates in retaliation for the crime. He also received death threats. As such, he faked a suicide attempt to gain protection by slashing his own throat. The judge in his trial then agreed to a transfer request and Middlebrooks was moved from the Penitentiary to the Metro Jail.
241:
On June 22, 1988, Brewington was found guilty of the kidnapping, robbery, and murder of Majors. He was convicted of all charges, including first-degree murder, which carried an automatic life sentence. During his trial, he did not take the witness stand. On
December 15, 1988, Criminal Court Judge Ann
219:
Majors' grandfather reacted to the suspension with disapproval. He called the punishment a "slap on the wrist" and argued they should not have a job. As both officers were white, he claimed they would have responded differently had Majors also been white. Casey said both officers had assured him that
295:
On
October 11, Deborah Majors, for the third time, told a jury about her son's murder, having done so at Brewington's trial and at Middlebrooks' first trial. On October 13, 1995, Donald Middlebrooks was sentenced to death again. This time he showed no emotion after the announcement. In January 1998,
253:
In
September 1989, the trial of Donald Middlebrooks began, with jury selection being made on September 11. The prosecution announced they would be seeking the death penalty. On September 19, 1989, Middlebrooks was found guilty of first-degree murder and aggravated kidnapping. However, he was charged
188:
In the early hours of April 28, police met with
Brewington at a doughnut shop after he called them and asked to meet them there. Once they arrived, he voluntarily informed them that Donald and Tammy Middlebrooks were involved in the murder. However, he denied any involvement in the crime himself. He
132:
The case was notable due to its brutal nature, alleged racial bias from the police, and because it marked a rare occasion in which a white person received a death sentence for murdering a black person. Middlebrooks was scheduled to be executed in
December 2022, but his execution was later suspended.
308:
On
September 20, 2019, Tennessee filed a motion to set an execution date for Middlebrooks as he had run out of appeals. On December 30, Middlebrooks filed a response opposing the motion and asked for a certificate of commutation. The Court's consideration of both the motion and response was delayed
232:
to
Deborah's missing persons report led to Majors' death. Police later apologized for failing to begin a full search for Majors immediately after the call was made. However, they said it appeared he had been killed before they were notified he was missing. However, according to Richard Jackson, the
179:
to report Majors' disappearance. The court listed him as a runaway, and Deborah was told no one was available to look for her son. After a friend of Majors' got out of school that afternoon, the friend, Majors' mother, grandfather, and brother, all began searching for him. At around 3:30 p.m.,
157:
Majors was taken into a wooded area behind a drug store on Gallatin Road. He was tied up, and Tammy stayed watching him while Donald and Brewington searched for Majors' friends. After failing to find them, they returned. The trio then made Majors strip off his clothes before beating and kicking him
264:
During the trial, prosecutors interjected race into the case. Middlebrooks' attorney later expressed his belief that some white jurors may have seen the case as an opportunity to use Middlebrooks as an example that when a white person kills a black person, the appropriate punishment will be meted
171:
After learning of her son's disappearance, Deborah Majors called the police. An officer was then dispatched to her house. He took a missing person's report; however, no search was initiated. The officer's supervisor chose not to drive to Majors' home. Furthermore, the responding officer failed to
299:
In September 1998, a lawyer told the Tennessee Supreme Court that prosecutors had "played the race card" to convince a Davidson County jury to sentence Middlebrooks to death. In July 1999, the Tennessee Supreme Court affirmed Middlebrooks' death sentence and said the prosecution was justified in
242:
Lacy Johns imposed the maximum possible sentence on Brewington; life plus seventy-five years. He was also convicted of aggravated kidnapping and armed robbery. He had supposedly shown no remorse for murdering Majors. He was spared a death sentence as he was a juvenile at the time of the murder.
215:
On May 8, 1987, Metro Police Chief Joe Casey suspended two police officers for improperly investigating the disappearance of Majors. One of the two received the harshest punishment short of termination. Sergeant Robert Graves received a suspension of thirty days without pay, and Officer Robert
153:
to sell various items. As Majors and his friends approached the table, Tammy shouted at them to leave the stuff alone. During the commotion, a vase, which was later estimated to be valued at $ 2, was broken. Majors and his friends began running and were chased down by the trio. The trio caught
145:. At around 7:00 p.m., the group came across a table covered in stuff that belonged to three white homeless people: 24-year-old Donald Ray Middlebrooks, his wife, 17-year-old Tammy Middlebrooks, and their companion, 16-year-old Robert Roger Brewington Jr., who was a
227:
On April 25, 1988, Majors' parents filed a $ 2 million civil damage suit against the Metro government. They asked for $ 1 million in compensatory damages and another $ 1 million in punitive damages. They argued that the slow response from the
31:
292:, hated black people, and had once punched a black man just for saying hello to him. Middlebrooks' younger half-sister testified that he was not a racist, had black friends, and had been cared for by a black woman, whom he had loved.
334:
issued temporary reprieves to Middlebrooks and four other Tennessee death row inmates who had been scheduled for execution in 2022. Lee issued the reprieves after discovering that the state had failed to properly test the
245:
On January 27, 1989, Tammy Middlebrooks was sentenced to life in prison after pleading guilty to assisting in the kidnapping and killing of Majors. She was ordered to spend a minimum of seventeen years in prison at the
343:
in April. Lee opened an investigation into why the error had occurred. He also suspended all executions for the remainder of 2022 to allow time for the review and corrective action to be put in place.
327:
In February 2022, Middlebrooks' request for a certificate of commutation was denied. On February 20, the Court allowed the execution to be scheduled. His execution was scheduled for December 8, 2022.
2182:
385:
2137:
2177:
1976:
284:
On October 2, 1995, the second trial for Middlebrooks began. During this trial, the prosecution portrayed Middlebrooks as a racist, arguing the murder was a racially motivated
738:
233:
Majors' family attorney, an autopsy report prepared by the Metro medical examiner showed that Majors had died sometime after his mother had called the police for help.
2172:
390:
2142:
375:
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presenting evidence that race was a factor in the murder of Majors. They ruled racial prejudice was relevant to show premeditation and a motive for the killing.
121:
Donald Ray Middlebrooks, Tammy Middlebrooks, and Robert Brewington, all white, were convicted of his murder. Donald Middlebrooks, considered the ringleader, was
172:
interview Majors' friend, who had witnessed the initial assault. After the police did not carry out a search, Majors' family and friends began looking for him.
1883:
824:
2132:
2033:
125:, while Tammy Middlebrooks and Brewington received life sentences. The police were criticized for their handling of the case and were accused of being
118:. Majors was kidnapped, tortured, beaten, and stabbed to death, while his attackers yelled racial slurs at him. His body was found the following day.
106:
On April 26, 1987, Kerrick Majors, a 14-year-old African-American boy, was tortured and murdered by three white drifters during a racially motivated
2157:
2152:
886:
795:
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365:
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the court upheld his death sentence. The appeals court noted that race "was an integral dynamic of the circumstances surrounding this murder."
2187:
2167:
370:
192:
Both Middlebrooks and Brewington blamed the other as the instigator of the crime. Middlebrooks claimed Brewington had killed Majors in a "
250:
before being eligible for parole. Like Brewington, she too was spared the death penalty as she was a juvenile at the time of the murder.
2067:"Tennessee's governor has halted executions for an independent review into lethal injections following an inmate's last-minute reprieve"
2093:
380:
141:
On the evening of Sunday, April 26, 1987, 14-year-old Kerrick Majors, accompanied by four of his friends, headed to Gallatin Road in
908:
852:
200:. He also claimed Brewington had beat, gagged, sexually molested, and stabbed Majors. He did admit to stabbing him once, however.
913:
98:
133:
If executed, Middlebrooks will be the first white person in modern Tennessee history to be executed for killing a black person.
129:. Majors' family later sued the Metro government and said the police's slow response to Majors' disappearance led to his death.
2003:
360:
331:
1832:
770:
395:
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prosecutors decided to seek the death penalty against him again. In September 1995, a new hearing was scheduled for October.
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67:
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340:
49:
146:
878:
2038:
122:
510:
310:
197:
114:. Majors was attacked by the trio after he and his friends accidentally broke a $ 2 vase at a
1625:
829:
743:
515:
336:
221:
126:
1981:
203:
While awaiting sentencing, Brewington was raped by another inmate. While in prison at the
2098:
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1805:
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563:
550:
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429:
258:
176:
2121:
193:
944:
765:
800:
289:
796:"Tennessee halts executions to conduct review after prisoner's last-minute stay"
150:
115:
285:
107:
94:
321:
273:
In 1992, Middlebrooks' death sentence was overturned due to a ruling by the
30:
2034:"Tennessee Halts Executions After Failing to Test Lethal Injection Drugs"
317:
83:
1858:
1630:
79:
1884:"State of Tennessee, Movant, v. Donald Ray Middlebrooks, Defendant"
320:. Following his positive result, the unit that housed Tennessee's
257:
On September 22, 1989, Middlebrooks was sentenced to death in the
1012:"Jury hears testimony detailing torture-killing of 14-year-old"
61:
2071:
739:"Report: Death penalty cases show history of racial disparity"
386:
List of people scheduled to be executed in the United States
346:
Middlebrooks remains on death row and is imprisoned at the
825:"Tennessee sets 3 more inmate executions, plans 5 in 2022"
853:"Tennessee seeks execution dates for 9 death row inmates"
511:"Tennessee seeks execution dates for 9 death row inmates"
175:
The following morning, on April 27, Deborah went to a
2183:
Racially motivated violence against African Americans
1801:"Death sentence survives state Supreme Court appeal"
1833:"Supreme Court Upholds Middlebrooks Death Sentence"
339:drugs that were set to be used in the execution of
316:In November 2020, Middlebrooks tested positive for
89:
75:
57:
37:
21:
1446:Elder, Renee; Loggins, Kirk (September 25, 1989).
1735:"Court upholds death sentence in torture slaying"
2138:African-American history in Nashville, Tennessee
1947:"State of Tennessee vs. Donald Ray Middlebrooks"
1481:"Why one got death penalty and the other didn't"
582:"Murder victim's family applauds death sentence"
391:Race and capital punishment in the United States
2178:Race-related controversies in the United States
2004:"State of Tennessee v. Donald Ray Middlebrooks"
1913:"State of Tennessee v. Donald Ray Middlebrooks"
1088:"Killer-torturer given life plus 75 years term"
1977:"COVID-19 Breaks Out on Tennessee's Death Row"
670:"Officers' suspensions called 'slap on wrist'"
468:"$ 2 broken vase leads to boy's death: police"
376:List of death row inmates in the United States
2065:Andone, Dakin; Burnside, Tina (May 2, 2022).
1081:
1079:
8:
425:"Jury still deliberating Middlebrooks' fate"
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
1045:"Police link more crimes to satanic rites"
972:"Broken vase leads to boy's death: police"
304:Scheduled execution of Donald Middlebrooks
18:
2032:Bogel-Burroughs, Nicholas (May 2, 2022).
1941:
1939:
1937:
1695:"Middlebrooks, again, sentenced to death"
1655:"Mother tells third jury of son's murder"
546:"Abducted boy found dead in E. Nashville"
1448:"Victims' families receive satisfaction"
1229:"Woman sentenced to life in boy's death"
887:NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund
851:Kruesi, Kimberlee (September 24, 2019).
509:Kruesi, Kimberlee (September 24, 2019).
2173:People murdered in Nashville, Tennessee
1768:"'Race card' blamed for death sentence"
1408:"Middlebrooks guilty in teen's slaying"
909:"Executions by Race and Race of Victim"
627:"Casey suspends 2 in missing-teen case"
408:
366:Capital punishment in the United States
2143:April 1987 events in the United States
1121:"Suicide try used to get help: lawyer"
790:
788:
348:Riverbend Maximum Security Institution
1375:"Jurors pondering Middlebrooks' fate"
1197:"Teens face murder charges as adults"
1150:
1148:
7:
1547:"New hearing scheduled for murderer"
1545:Loggins, Kirk (September 19, 1995).
1514:"Why law gives killer second chance"
1333:Loggins, Kirk (September 10, 1989).
1293:Loggins, Kirk (September 13, 1992).
1157:"Teen found guilty of killing youth"
737:Long, Colleen (September 15, 2020).
706:"Metro sued in death of missing boy"
699:
697:
663:
661:
620:
618:
616:
575:
573:
539:
537:
535:
533:
504:
502:
461:
459:
418:
416:
414:
412:
371:Hate crime laws in the United States
1406:Elder, Renee (September 20, 1989).
1373:Elder, Renee (September 22, 1989).
1262:"Life term given in kidnap-killing"
1086:Bostick, Akan (December 16, 1988).
970:Wheeler, Sherrel (April 29, 1987).
580:Elder, Renee (September 23, 1989).
544:Wheeler, Sherrel (April 28, 1987).
466:Wheeler, Sherrel (April 29, 1987).
269:Second trial of Donald Middlebrooks
1975:Hale, Steven (November 16, 2020).
1733:Loggins, Kirk (January 16, 1998).
1693:Loggins, Kirk (October 14, 1995).
1653:Loggins, Kirk (October 12, 1995).
1512:Loggins, Kirk (October 12, 1995).
1335:"Murder jury picks begin tomorrow"
1260:Loggins, Kirk (January 28, 1989).
423:Loggins, Kirk (October 14, 1995).
381:List of murdered American children
14:
2133:1987 murders in the United States
1766:Loggins, Kirk (October 7, 1998).
1585:Loggins, Kirk (October 2, 1995).
1479:Loggins, Kirk (October 1, 1989).
149:. The trio had been setting up a
2094:"Tennessee inmates on death row"
914:Death Penalty Information Center
823:Loller, Travis (March 3, 2022).
704:Loggins, Kirk (April 26, 1988).
29:
2158:Deaths by stabbing in Tennessee
2153:Capital punishment in Tennessee
1587:"Murderer faces new sentencing"
1295:"New era for the death penalty"
1155:Loggins, Kirk (June 23, 1988).
1119:Loggins, Kirk (March 4, 1989).
1010:Loggins, Kirk (June 22, 1988).
361:Capital punishment in Tennessee
324:prisoners was put on lockdown.
2163:History of racism in Tennessee
1799:Loggins, Kirk (July 7, 1999).
1237:. January 29, 1989. p. 15
1195:Loggins, Kirk (July 8, 1987).
1043:Waddle, Ray (August 7, 1988).
879:"Death Row U.S.A. Winter 2022"
771:American Civil Liberties Union
668:Bostick, Alan (May 12, 1987).
396:Racism against Black Americans
211:Criticism of police's response
1:
625:Bostick, Alan (May 9, 1987).
220:their laxness was not due to
196:" and had murdered him as an
41:
2188:Torture in the United States
2168:Lynching deaths in Tennessee
766:"Race and the Death Penalty"
205:Tennessee State Penitentiary
167:Search and discovery of body
16:1987 hate crime in Tennessee
1234:The Knoxville News-Sentinel
2204:
248:Tennessee Prison for Women
1859:"Donald Ray Middlebrooks"
330:On May 2, 2022, Governor
143:East Nashville, Tennessee
112:East Nashville, Tennessee
68:East Nashville, Tennessee
28:
945:"Middlebrooks v. Colson"
210:
1626:"State v. Middlebrooks"
275:Tennessee Supreme Court
230:Metro Police Department
198:offering to the devil
2148:Capital murder cases
1893:. September 20, 2019
350:awaiting execution.
341:Oscar Franklin Smith
50:Nashville, Tennessee
1956:. February 22, 2022
1922:. December 30, 2019
76:Cause of death
2039:The New York Times
123:sentenced to death
2128:1987 in Tennessee
311:COVID-19 pandemic
104:
103:
99:anti-black racism
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2102:. March 22, 2014
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951:. August 1, 2014
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337:lethal injection
63:
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1982:Nashville Scene
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1806:The Tennessean
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801:The Guardian
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433:. pp.
309:due to the
222:racial bias
151:flea market
116:flea market
45: 1972
2122:Categories
403:References
286:hate crime
108:hate crime
95:hate crime
2106:August 7,
2078:August 8,
2050:August 8,
2017:August 7,
1988:August 7,
1960:August 7,
1926:August 7,
1897:August 7,
1868:August 7,
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601:August 7,
558:August 7,
522:August 7,
487:August 7,
444:August 7,
322:death row
162:Aftermath
949:Casetext
857:ABC News
354:See also
332:Bill Lee
318:COVID-19
84:stabbing
1631:FindLaw
147:runaway
237:Trials
137:Murder
80:Murder
70:, U.S.
52:, U.S.
2007:(PDF)
1950:(PDF)
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