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thoroughfare for the carriage of goods and produce. During the peak period of Murray River commerce (roughly 1855 to 1920) and before the development of rail and road transport, the Murray Mouth with its complex and unpredictable interaction between shallow, shifting and variable currents and the open sea, presented a major impediment to traffic between
Adelaide and the Murray settlements, and many vessels foundered or were wrecked there.
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33:
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282:. The Murray Mouth's location is changeable. Historical records show that the channel out to sea moves along the sand dunes over time. At times of greater river flow and rough seas, the two bodies of water would erode the sand dunes to create a new channel leaving the old one to silt and disappear.
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explored the Murray and its westward-flowing tributaries, finding that the mouth of the Murray was barely navigable to shipping. During the later 19th century with the discovery of gold, and the development of sheep and wheat farming along the Murray and its tributaries, the river became a major
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machines operated at the Murray Mouth. Between 2002 and 2006, two machines operated moving sand from the channel to maintain a minimal flow from the sea and into the
Coorong's lagoon system. Without the 24-hour dredging, the mouth was at risk of becoming silted and closing, cutting the supply of
423:
In mid-2006 the dredging was scaled back as a result of the improved conditions at the mouth. Now only one dredging machine operates, and permission was granted to one commercial operator to navigate the channel between Goolwa and the
Coorong, passing the mouth. This operation finished in 2010.
350:
which included the area now occupied by the South
Australia/New South Wales border. The lake drained less than a million years ago, creating the current course. It was suggested that the Murray may have taken a different course to the ocean, via
408:. It has been widely accepted that too much water is being extracted; however business and political concerns make it difficult to remedy the problem. A visible symptom of the over-extraction of river water is the closing of the Murray Mouth.
329:
to its north side. Secondly, the flow from the east passes along a passage known as the
Coorong Channel. The Coorong Channel itself is fed by the Mundoo Channel which passes between Hindmarsh Island and
491:
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in a south-easterly direction along the continental coastline for about 145 kilometres (90 miles). The mouth divides the dune system into two peninsulas. The peninsula on the west side is
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444:
529:"Search result for "Murray Mouth (Estuary) " (Record no. SA0048047) with the following layers selected - "Suburbs and Localities" and " Place names (gazetteer)""
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Water flows throughout the mouth from two directions. Firstly, the flow from the west passes along a passage known as the Goolwa
Channel which is bounded by
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363:. This has been studied by analysing the uplift date of the Mt Lofty Ranges and other geological data and found that this was not likely to be the case.
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in four of
Australia's states, as well as supplying water to most towns along the river, and many further away through various
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Boating
Industry Association of South Australia (BIA); South Australia. Department for Environment and Heritage (2005),
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Williams and Goode, 1978, Possible western outlet for an ancient Murray River in South
Australia, Search, 9 442-447
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to be a place of ‘international significance for the conservation of birds and other biodiversity.’
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The Murray Mouth is immediately adjoined on its northern and eastern sides by the boundary of the
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which terminates at the mouth with a point named Pullen Spit. The peninsula on the east side is
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The Waters of South
Australia a series of charts, sailing notes and coastal photographs
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The Murray Mouth is adjoined on its northern and eastern sides by the boundary of the
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and is immediately adjoined on its northern and eastern sides by the boundary of the
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about 2.5 million years ago, the Murray River terminated in a freshwater lake called
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which terminates at the mouth with a point known in some sources as Sleepy Hollow.
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494:, a water research centre in Goolwa run by the Goyder Institute for Water Research
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The mouth of the Murray River is about 10 kilometres (6.2 miles) south east of
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which separates the river system from the ocean and which extends from near
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753:"Keeping the Murray Mouth open - Natural Resources SA Murray-Darling Basin"
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780:. Department of Environment Water and Natural Resources. 28 January 2014
922:. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR). 2012
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The Murray Mouth is located within a special purpose area within the
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South Australia. Department of Marine and Harbors (DMH) (1985),
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775:"Coorong and Lakes Alexandrina and Albert Wetland Ramsar site"
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Stevenson and Brown, 1989, "The ancient Murray River system",
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26:
642:"Murray River's natural history dates back 130 million years"
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Coorong, Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth (CLLMM) Research Centre
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Dredging continues at a cost between $ 3m to $ 6m annually.
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fresh seawater into the Coorong, which would then warm up,
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and about 75 kilometres (47 miles) south-south-east of the
809:"Coorong National Park - Goolwa Barrage to Long Point Map"
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to the north, and by the Tauwitchere Channel to the east.
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The narrow Murray Mouth in the background as viewed from
814:. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources
856:"Sites - Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs)"
944:, John C Tolley, Rowett Print, Mt Compass SA, 1968
884:, Boating Industry Association of South Australia,
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57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
427:Dredging was scheduled to resume in January 2015.
902:, Dept. of Marine and Harbors, South Australia,
445:Coorong and Lakes Alexandrina and Albert Wetland
196:
917:"Encounter Marine Park Management plan summary"
535:. Government of South Australia. Archived from
882:South Australia's waters an atlas & guide
359:, before being 'defeated' by the rise of the
8:
673:Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics
434:Protected area status and other arrangements
695:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
400:River Murray water is used by farmers for
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834:"Important Bird Areas factsheet: Coorong"
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
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393:Dredging the Murray Mouth. View from
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55:adding citations to reliable sources
265:2.4 m (7.9 ft) as of 1985
692:Australian Dictionary of Biography
306:. The mouth is an opening in the
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478:which is an area considered by
376:During expeditions in 1829–30,
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42:needs additional citations for
757:www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au
697:Australian National University
298:in the gazetted localities of
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411:From October 2002 until 2010
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970:Estuaries of South Australia
687:"Sturt, Charles (1795–1869)"
476:Coorong Important Bird Area
454:South Australian government
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470:Non-statutory arrangements
372:European discovery and use
274:is the point at which the
533:Property Location Browser
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858:. BirdLife International
836:. BirdLife International
798:DEWNR, 2012, page 2 of 6
630:, Australian Government.
605:, Australian Government.
499:Citations and references
219:35.583333°S 138.883333°E
644:. Discover Murray River
685:Gibbney, H.J. (1967).
622:Gazetteer of Australia
597:Gazetteer of Australia
480:Birdlife International
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353:Burra, South Australia
320:Younghusband Peninsula
224:-35.583333; 138.883333
464:Coorong National Park
460:Encounter Marine Park
439:Australian government
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355:and emptied into the
316:Sir Richard Peninsula
628:Geoscience Australia
603:Geoscience Australia
296:Adelaide city centre
51:improve this article
308:coastal dune system
215: /
581:DMH, 1985, Chart 9
569:DMH, 1985, Chart 7
560:BIA, 2005, page 27
539:on 12 October 2016
518:DMH, 1985, Chart 8
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942:South Coast Story
909:978-0-7243-7603-2
891:978-1-86254-680-6
763:on 30 March 2015.
706:978-0-522-84459-7
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66:"Murray Mouth"
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965:Murray River
941:
924:. Retrieved
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860:. Retrieved
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838:. Retrieved
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816:. Retrieved
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782:. Retrieved
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761:the original
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541:. Retrieved
537:the original
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357:Spencer Gulf
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304:Goolwa South
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276:River Murray
272:Murray Mouth
271:
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239:Murray River
174:Murray mouth
134:Murray mouth
128:
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107:January 2008
104:
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49:Please help
44:verification
41:
18:Murray mouth
448:Ramsar site
344:Pleistocene
286:Description
222: /
210:138°53′00″E
197:Coordinates
959:Categories
874:References
862:19 January
840:19 January
784:19 January
402:irrigation
385:Water flow
278:meets the
207:35°35′00″S
77:newspapers
715:1833-7538
420:and die.
406:pipelines
342:From the
252:Australia
190:Australia
723:70677943
486:See also
418:stagnate
413:dredging
186:Location
926:17 June
818:29 July
728:4 April
648:25 July
543:22 June
367:History
300:Coorong
91:scholar
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624:online
599:online
312:Goolwa
292:Goolwa
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920:(PDF)
812:(PDF)
778:(PDF)
504:Notes
246:Basin
98:JSTOR
84:books
946:ISBN
928:2014
904:ISBN
886:ISBN
864:2015
842:2015
820:2015
786:2015
730:2010
719:OCLC
711:ISSN
701:ISBN
650:2016
545:2016
302:and
70:news
53:by
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