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After Lacey landed the
Hurricane, Summers took it up on a five-minute test flight. At 1,500 feet (460 m) Summers noticed a problem with the engine when accelerating to a certain speed. Whilst at full throttle, the propeller sheared off the aircraft. The prop ripped off the cowling and as Summers
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was fitted with a new propeller and
Summers flew the aircraft again on 10 March; during this flight the undercarriage was retracted for the first time. After the fourth flight a new engine was fitted, and Summers left the test-flying to his assistants, Jeffrey Quill and George Pickering. They soon
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Summers numbered among his firsts the first flight of a pure jet civil aircraft (the Nene-Viking, a
Vickers Viking airframe fitted with Nene jet engines) on 6 April 1948, the first flight of civil turboprop airliner (the Vickers Viscount) on 16 July 1948 and the initial flight of Britain's first
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from his habit of urinating before takeoff on the small rear wheel or skid of the aircraft he was testing. This led to his being accused of christening his aircraft like a dog marking its territory. He did this because he was aware that during some crashes a full bladder could prove fatal.
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to test fighter aircraft and ensure all they were safe to be used by 11 Group pilots after each battle. Any problems were reported to each airfield's maintenance crews. Also pilots were issued requisition tickets for a new aircraft if
Summers found an aircraft to be unserviceable.
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Summers experienced a number of accidents and crashes during his career. During a test flight on the first dual
Gloster Grebe, the aircraft spun flat to within 150 feet (46 m) of the ground, coming out completely stalled with full engine. In a full-power dive in the
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During mid-1940, Jeffrey Quill informed
Summers about a problem with propeller fatigue on early versions of the MkI Hurricane and Spitfire. The problem could lead to the propeller detaching itself during flight—something Quill had experienced himself.
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What made him the best at what he was, and why he was predominantly chosen above other test pilots, was his unique ability to identify issues with any aircraft just by sitting in the cockpit and listening to the sound the aircraft made in flight.
445:. Most test pilots came from Brooklands where the central manufacture and testing of military aircraft took place. Summers became a supervising RAF fighter tester specifically for No. 11 Group RAF, commanded by Air Vice Marshal
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In his career, he clocked up over 5,600 flying hours, which is the equivalent of taking off in an aircraft on 1 January and landing at the end of
October. By 1946 he had tested 310 different aircraft.
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discovered that the
Spitfire was a very good aircraft, but not perfect. The rudder was over-sensitive and the top speed was just 330 miles per hour (530 km/h), a little faster than
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bomber in June 1935. He was landing this aircraft on 23 July when the port undercarriage collapsed, resulting in several months in the workshops to repair serious damage to the wing.
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A new and better-shaped wooden propeller meant the
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Through the late 1930s and into the 1940s
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surgery, six days after his 50th birthday. He was buried in Weybridge Cemetery, Surrey after a ceremony in Westminster Abbey.
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453:. Being a test pilot in this capacity and a former RAF officer, Summers' duty was as a home guard non-combatant position.
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During his career, Summers flew many first flights on prototype aircraft, (a record of 54 by a test pilot), from the
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holder Eric "Winkle" Brown who has 487. Summers still holds the world record of 54 "Prototype First Flights".
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671:"Mutt" Summers's comment from the cockpit of the prototype Spitfire K5054 after maiden flight, 6 March 1936.
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on its first flight from Eastleigh Aerodrome. After an eight-minute flight, Summers landed the prototype.
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Shortly before the Second World War, Summers was succeeded by Jeffrey Quill, his assistant and
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Summers tested numerous fighters and bombers through the 1930s. He flew the prototype of
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The very last prototype to have Summers at the controls on its maiden flight was the
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had no parachute with him it was necessary to glide the plane back to the air field.
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During the summer of 1940 Summers was to fly between all No. 11 Group's airfields in
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691:"electronics research | test pilot | engine research | 1954 | 0801 | Flight Archive"
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206:. He also holds the current second place record for 366 general types tested, below
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Film of prototype Spitfire taking off... clip found to have been withdrawn 24.04.20
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caused full rudder to be involuntarily applied at 3,000 feet (910 m) over
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Early in the Battle of Britain during an attack over south east England, pilot
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By the time he retired, he had achieved 366 general types, second only to the
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341:, with Wallis and Trevor Westbrook (the factory's general manager) aboard, at
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For the English-born Australian musician and composer (1839–1917), see
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http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1954/1954%20-%200801.html
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http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1946/1946%20-%200964.html
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His most dramatic escape was in 1945, when structural failure in a
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Summers - then chief test pilot for Vickers (Aviation) Ltd. - took
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After six months he was transferred to the single-seater flight at
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Summers received his nickname "Mutt" during his early days in the
426:, who took over testing single-seater prototypes during the war.
622:, Yorkshire. He died on 16 March 1954 from complications during
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Joseph Summers, Esq., Chief Test Pilot, Vickers Armstrongs Ltd.
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at No. 2 F.T.S. (Flying Training School). He passed out from
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by Summers and Jock Bryce for 10 minutes on 16 July 1948.
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in May 1943, Summers was test pilot for the experimental
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F.37/34 fighter which had the military serial number
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533:, which Summers flew on 30 June 1947 at Brooklands.
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657:, Summers was portrayed by the actor Patrick Barr.
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Aeroplane & Armament Experimental Establishment
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713:Biplane to Monoplane, Putnam's History of Aircraft
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536:The prototype of the turboprop civil transport
34:. For the Indiana politician (1930–1991), see
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637:Commander of the Order of the British Empire
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743:(Supplement). 9 January 1946. p. 285.
183:(10 March 1904 – 16 March 1954) was chief
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245:created by Harry Conway "Bud" Fisher.
715:: Research & Test Flying pp 212-3
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355:prototype Supermarine Spitfire
27:British test pilot (1904–1954)
1:
780:Spitfires and Spitfire pilots
2098:Type 312 & 313 (F.37/35)
724:Flight 16 May 1946 pp494-495
297:Royal Aircraft Establishment
666:Don't touch a single thing.
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475:James Harry "Ginger" Lacey
317:Supermarine Aviation Works
264:in 1924 and was posted to
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2138:Reconnaissance and patrol
363:flew Summers in Vickers'
32:Joseph Summers (musician)
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497:In preparation for the
266:No. 29 Fighter Squadron
156:No. 29 Fighter Squadron
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333:He flew the prototype
326:geodetic aircraft the
248:Summers was granted a
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608:Guinness world record
208:Eric "Winkle" Brown's
175:Joseph "Mutt" Summers
144:Years of service
47:Joseph "Mutt" Summers
2256:Sparrow (I & II)
2241:Commercial Amphibian
695:www.flightglobal.com
313:Vickers Aviation Ltd
200:Supermarine Spitfire
2390:English test pilots
701:on 21 October 2012.
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369:Eastleigh Aerodrome
367:from Martlesham to
2340:Basil Deacon Hobbs
2180:Seagull ASR-1
740:The London Gazette
651:In the 1955 film,
630:Honours and awards
603:) on 18 May 1951.
465:Propeller failures
458:south east England
305:Blackburn Aircraft
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74:Kingston Upon Hull
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635:9 January 1946 -
599:four-jet bomber (
493:The Bouncing Bomb
483:RAF Middle Wallop
451:Battle of Britain
345:on 15 June 1936.
335:Wellington bomber
328:Vickers Wellesley
239:"Mutt" and "Jeff"
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36:Joseph W. Summers
16:(Redirected from
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359:On 5 March 1936
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448:
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361:Jeffrey Quill
354:
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235:Jeffrey Quill
232:
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84:16 March 1954
83:
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71:10 March 1904
63:
59:
55:
51:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2349:
2291:AD Navyplane
2022:Sea Lion III
802:
800:obituary in
796:
738:
729:
720:
712:
707:
699:the original
694:
685:
665:
652:
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617:
605:
597:
594:
590:
570:
562:
546:
535:
524:
515:Patrick Barr
496:
487:
479:501 Squadron
472:
468:
455:
428:
421:
407:
405:
388:
387:
382:
380:
374:
365:Miles Falcon
358:
352:
347:
338:
332:
321:
293:Avro Avenger
274:
247:
228:
217:
197:
174:
172:
86:(1954-03-16)
40:
18:Mutt Summers
2380:1954 deaths
2375:1904 births
2335:Henry Biard
2205:Southampton
2017:Sea Lion II
841:Supermarine
735:"No. 37412"
711:Barker, R
394:Sydney Camm
243:comic strip
193:Supermarine
53:Nickname(s)
2369:Categories
2027:Sea Urchin
2012:Sea Lion I
752:References
620:Sculcoates
447:Keith Park
343:Brooklands
185:test pilot
106:Allegiance
67:1904-03-10
2319:Joe Smith
2307:Designers
2300:Personnel
2251:Sea Eagle
2231:Air Yacht
2210:Stranraer
2195:Sheldrake
2190:Sea Otter
2053:Nighthawk
577:Weybridge
559:Accidents
262:RAF Digby
254:Avro 504s
202:, to the
147:1924–1929
100:, England
98:Weybridge
76:, England
2108:Type 559
2103:Type 545
2083:Spitfire
2078:Spiteful
2073:Sea King
2058:Scimitar
2043:Attacker
2036:Fighters
843:aircraft
806:magazine
669:—
507:Portland
173:Captain
124:Service/
2236:Channel
2170:Seal II
2145:Channel
2129:B.12/36
2117:Bombers
2068:Seafire
2063:Seafang
1976:By role
851:numbers
791:YouTube
587:Records
424:protégé
396:'s new
2328:Pilots
2215:Walrus
2200:Solent
2185:Seamew
2165:Scylla
2160:Scarab
1983:Racers
803:Flight
661:Quotes
581:Surrey
511:Dorset
214:Career
162:Awards
135:
126:branch
115:
93:Buried
2246:Giant
2224:Civil
2155:Scapa
2150:Nanok
2088:Swift
677:Notes
624:colon
481:from
408:K5054
389:K5054
383:K5054
375:K5054
353:K5054
339:K4049
237:, as
210:487.
2286:Baby
2261:Swan
2048:Baby
2005:S.6B
1967:S.6B
1962:S.6A
849:Type
441:and
309:Avro
307:and
291:and
256:and
227:(in
191:and
152:Unit
81:Died
61:Born
56:Mutt
2000:S.6
1995:S.5
1990:S.4
1957:S.6
1952:S.5
1947:S.4
1942:S.3
1937:S.2
1932:S.1
1925:599
1920:595
1915:594
1910:593
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868:184
863:179
858:171
789:on
639:to
477:of
299:at
220:RAF
187:at
180:CBE
166:CBE
2371::
737:.
693:.
579:,
509:,
443:13
439:12
437:,
435:11
433:,
431:10
403:.
378:.
337:,
287:,
283:,
272:.
195:.
177:,
833:e
826:t
819:v
69:)
65:(
38:.
20:)
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