24:
384:
372:
650:
Mitindo were also important to identify a band irrespective of who was actually playing in that band. When a musician switched from one band to another, he would change his style to reflect the new band's mtindo. Again, the most appreciated dansi musicians could easily change their style as needed.
631:
and DDC Mlimani Park
Orchestra battling to get the audience's favours. Competition was in fact a relevant concept in the development of dansi. Music festivals were usually in the form of contests, and each band typically had its own fan base, much in the venue of sporting teams. Also, a band often
595:. At the same time, bands gradually came to be managed like profit companies; the band owned the instruments, and musicians were employees, either on wage or salary. NUTA Jazz Band was one of the first bands to adopt this model; soon many others followed, including notable bands such as
632:
had its "nemesis", i.e., their foremost competitor; for example, the dansi scene in the 1970s was characterized by the rivalry between
Orchestra Maquis Original and Orchestra Safari Sound, which was later replaced by that between International Orchestra Safari Sound and Mlimani Park.
646:
means "dive and swim", as dancers were supposed to move their arms like they were diving. Bands often changed their mtindo when it began to go out of style. Some musicians and composers were specifically renowned as "mtindo makers".
642:), which was designed to be catchy for the audience and be clearly distinctive of the band. Mitindo were usually associated with, and often named after, some specific dancing style; for example, the name of Orchestra Maquis' mtindo
619:
wrote hit songs for virtually all the major bands of their times. Conversely, a band was more of a "brand" than any specific ensemble of musicians; some bands kept playing for up to 50 years, while their members came and went.
611:. As a consequence of this, the most talented musicians would typically switch back and forth between bands to the best offerer, until they had gathered enough money to start their own band. Composers like
1364:
1191:[Use of Narrative Techniques in Raising the Demand for Political Liberation in Southern Africa: An Examination of Selected Dance Music Songs in Tanzania 1940-1990].
1189:"Matumizi ya Mbinu ya Usimulizi katika Kuibua Dhamira ya Ukombozi wa Kisiasa Kusini mwa Afrika: Uchunguzi wa Nyimbo Teule za Muziki wa Dansi nchini Tanzania 1940-1990"
587:'s government, whereby bands would be financially supported by government departments or other national institutions. One of the major dansi bands of this era was the
662:
music. Bands in the 1960s and 1970s typically had electric guitars and electric bass guitars; in the 1980s keyboards became commonplace, and later bands even used
1357:
226:
165:
1350:
552:, Tanzania and elsewhere and began to develop their own blend of soukous. In Dar, some of the bands that pioneered the "tanzanian rumba" were
1333:
1312:
1168:
1133:
940:
628:
493:
1222:
1988:
1287:
1033:
480:
area (where most dansi bands come from),and it is still popular in
Tanzania, although new generations are more likely to listen to
935:
Hemedi Maneti, Cosmas
Chidumule, Mhina Panduka, Jerry Nashon, Hamza Kalala, Yohana Shaban, Gotagota, Rashid Pembe, Hasan Dalali
638:(in Swahili, "styles") were a key element in the rivalry between dansi bands. Each band would typically create its own style (
1202:
1193:
1000:
219:
1069:
600:
212:
1599:
821:
596:
884:, Skassy Kasambula, Kalala Mbwembwe, Molai Tungwa, Kababa Nkomba Gabi, Sony Mobali, Twahir Mohd, Muhidin Maalim
592:
1160:
659:
604:
1983:
729:
553:
889:
867:
624:
1374:
975:
261:
95:
1661:
1218:"From the margins to the mainstream: making and remaking an alternative music economy in Dar es Salaam"
1114:
Njogu, Kimani; Maupeu, Herv (2007). "Music and
Politics in Tanzania: a case study of Nyota-wa-Cigogo".
768:
907:
843:
683:
1156:
612:
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293:
145:
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31:
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302:
185:
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1733:
1952:
1937:
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1696:
1656:
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1407:
1397:
802:
544:, where bands would play live 7 days a week. While some of these bands were actually from
501:
446:
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111:
1922:
1624:
1505:
1469:
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170:
1977:
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529:
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1323:
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1150:
1115:
1015:
453:
because most dansi lyrics are in
Swahili, and "jazz" is an umbrella term used in
1681:
1609:
1569:
1486:
1481:
1217:
918:
671:
663:
608:
561:
509:
497:
481:
409:
344:
70:
45:
1947:
1793:
1778:
1671:
1077:
623:
Dansi music flourished through the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, with bands such as
419:
1247:
1085:
1743:
1651:
1619:
1604:
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1554:
1537:
1532:
1412:
1304:
1231:
1057:
1025:
565:
485:
1676:
1838:
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1808:
1691:
1666:
1589:
1564:
1527:
1454:
761:
466:
462:
389:
377:
326:
536:. This craze brought along dance clubs, especially in major cities like
1962:
1957:
1932:
1917:
1912:
1848:
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1713:
1646:
1614:
1559:
1547:
537:
521:
442:
349:
321:
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50:
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Over time, dansi music changed, partly influenced by the evolution of
1927:
1902:
1890:
1875:
1803:
1798:
1788:
1768:
1758:
1753:
1584:
1579:
1515:
1058:"Whose music? The songs of Remmy Ongala and Orchestra Super Matimila"
655:
404:
55:
1858:
1942:
1897:
1843:
1763:
1723:
1708:
1574:
1432:
906:
Muhiddin Maalim, Hassani
Bitchuka, Abel Balthazar, Michael Enoch,
549:
545:
1686:
958:
Muhiddin Maalim, Hassani
Bitchuka, Abel Balthazar, Nguza Mbangu
573:
1346:
1728:
1152:
Performance and
Politics in Tanzania: The Nation on Stage
1271:
World Music-Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East
1149:
Edmondson, Laura (2007). McNaughton, Patrick (ed.).
469:genres. Muziki wa dansi can also be referred to as
395:
363:
335:
314:
278:
270:
246:
241:
473:, as "african rumba" is another name for soukous.
997:A theatrical description of five Tanzanian dances
579:After Tanzania became independent (in 1961), a
1358:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
674:). The sound of most recent dansi bands like
220:
8:
1182:
1180:
441:, is a Tanzanian music genre, derivative of
1365:
1351:
1343:
1322:Njogu, Kimani; Maupeu, Herv (2007-10-15).
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
520:In the first decades of the 20th century,
476:Muziki wa dansi began in the 1930s in the
238:
227:
213:
134:
84:
18:
591:, which was named after its sponsor, the
693:
987:
157:
137:
128:
103:
87:
78:
37:
1300:The Garland Handbook of African Music
1017:The Garland Handbook of African Music
7:
1325:Songs and Politics in Eastern Africa
1117:Songs and Politics in Eastern Africa
941:International Orchestra Safari Sound
629:International Orchestra Safari Sound
494:International Orchestra Safari Sound
1223:Journal of African Cultural Studies
564:. These early bands were typically
14:
1187:Mahenge, Elizabeth (2022-04-16).
532:were getting very popular across
129:Nationalistic and patriotic songs
784:Juwata Jazz Band, OTTU Jazz Band
382:
370:
22:
1028:. pp. 14, 46–50, 136–137.
488:. Notable dansi bands include
1:
1297:Stone, Ruth M. (2010-04-02).
1240:10.1080/13696815.2015.1125776
1126:Mkuki na Nyota Publishers Ltd
627:, Orchestra Maquis Original,
1328:. African Books Collective.
1203:Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam
1194:Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam
1014:Stone, Ruth M., ed. (2008).
686:is actually keyboard-based.
465:, and other dance music and
437:: "dance music"), or simply
1096:– via Cambridge CORE.
1001:University of Dar es Salaam
96:Tanzania Music Awards (TMA)
2005:
1216:Kerr, David (2018-01-02).
1070:Cambridge University Press
995:Kaduma, Godwin Z. (1978).
601:DDC Mlimani Park Orchestra
593:National Union of Tanzania
1989:Tanzanian styles of music
1381:
1268:Broughton, Simon (1999).
1078:10.1017/S0261143000003548
1056:Graebner, Werner (1989).
999:(Thesis). Dar es Salaam:
822:Orchestra Maquis Original
597:Orchestra Maquis Original
583:system was introduced by
548:, local bands emerged in
449:. It is sometimes called
400:
368:
340:
1161:Indiana University Press
1122:Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
730:Dar es Salaam Jazz Band
554:Dar es Salaam Jazz Band
16:Music genre in Tanzania
1923:Sudanese popular music
890:Mlimani Park Orchestra
868:Orchestra Safari Sound
670:(as was the case with
625:Orchestra Safari Sound
1375:African popular music
976:Tanzania Music Awards
461:to refer to soukous,
262:African popular music
79:Media and performance
1276:Rough Guides Limited
1128:. pp. 241–246.
146:Mungu ibariki Afrika
1543:African heavy metal
862:, Tshimanga Assosa
556:(founded in 1932),
279:Typical instruments
753:Morogoro Jazz Band
484:or other forms of
1971:
1970:
1335:978-9987-08-108-0
1314:978-1-135-90001-4
1170:978-0-253-11705-2
1135:978-9987-08-108-0
971:Music of Tanzania
962:
961:
769:Mbaraka Mwinshehe
723:Notable musicians
644:ogelea piga mbizi
443:Congolese soukous
428:
427:
258:Congolese Rhumba
247:Stylistic origins
237:
236:
153:
152:
124:
123:
32:Music of Tanzania
1996:
1908:Shangaan Electro
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908:Cosmas Chidumule
844:Chinyama Chianza
807:Hassani Bitchuka
799:Mnenge Ramadhani
694:
684:Atomic Advantage
617:Hassani Bitchuka
490:DDC Mlimani Park
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315:Derivative forms
271:Cultural origins
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19:
2004:
2003:
1999:
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1972:
1967:
1953:Zimbabwean jazz
1834:Muziki wa dansi
1697:Burger-highlife
1657:Congolese rumba
1511:Nigerian reggae
1398:African hip hop
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1315:
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1157:Bloomington, IN
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803:Muhiddin Maalim
692:
613:Muhiddin Maalin
518:
502:Maquis Original
471:Tanzanian rumba
447:Congolese rumba
431:Muziki wa dansi
424:
383:
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331:
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242:Muziki wa Dansi
233:
138:National anthem
112:Sauti za Busara
104:Music festivals
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1992:
1991:
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1984:African dances
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1506:African reggae
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1470:Hip hop galsen
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1197:(in Swahili).
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852:Dekula Kahanga
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815:Abel Balthazar
795:Joseph Lusungu
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780:NUTA Jazz Band
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773:Salim Adballah
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747:Michael Enoch
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605:Tancut Alimasi
589:NUTA Jazz Band
585:Julius Nyerere
534:Eastern Africa
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506:Super Matimila
459:Eastern Africa
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1702:Igbo highlife
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1386:African blues
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1289:1-85828-636-0
1285:
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1280:Penguin Books
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1062:Popular Music
1059:
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1042:
1037:
1035:9781135900014
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909:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
891:
888:
887:
883:
882:Ndala Kasheba
880:
878:
876:
873:
871:
869:
866:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
842:
840:
836:
833:
831:Dar es Salaam
830:
828:1970s-present
827:
825:
823:
820:
819:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
793:
791:
789:
787:1960s-present
786:
783:
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774:
770:
767:
765:
763:
760:
758:
756:
754:
751:
750:
746:
744:
742:
741:Dar es Salaam
739:
736:
733:
731:
728:
727:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
703:Also known as
701:
699:
696:
695:
690:Notable bands
689:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
668:drum machines
665:
661:
657:
652:
648:
645:
641:
637:
633:
630:
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621:
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614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
558:Morogoro Jazz
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:Dar es Salaam
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:Belgian Congo
523:
515:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
478:Dar es Salaam
474:
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468:
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436:
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418:
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394:
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379:
367:
362:
356:
355:Kwassa kwassa
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
342:
339:
336:Fusion genres
334:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
317:
313:
306:
304:
301:
298:
295:
291:
288:
285:Guitar (esp.
284:
283:
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277:
273:
269:
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255:
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43:
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41:
36:
33:
30:
29:
21:
20:
1881:Santé engagé
1833:
1824:Moroccan pop
1739:Kadongo Kamu
1719:Isicathamiya
1662:Coupé-décalé
1521:Zimdancehall
1391:desert blues
1324:
1299:
1270:
1227:
1221:
1211:
1198:
1192:
1151:
1144:
1116:
1065:
1061:
1016:
1009:
996:
990:
953:
930:
912:Shaaban Dede
901:
860:Kyanga Songa
848:Nguza Mbangu
838:
834:
811:Saidi Mabera
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
664:synthesizers
653:
649:
643:
639:
635:
634:
622:
578:
530:French Congo
519:
475:
470:
451:Swahili jazz
450:
438:
430:
429:
415:Afro (genre)
396:Other topics
364:Local scenes
88:Music awards
60:
1570:Ambasse bey
1487:Zenji flava
1482:Bongo Flava
1072:: 243–258.
925:1980s-1990s
919:Vijana Jazz
737:1930s-1970s
672:Vijana Jazz
609:Vijana Jazz
581:sponsorship
562:Tabora Jazz
524:bands from
510:Vijana Jazz
498:Juwata Jazz
482:bongo flava
410:Ngoma music
292:bass (esp.
287:fingerstyle
46:Bongo flava
1978:Categories
1948:Ziglibithy
1794:Marrabenta
1779:Mahraganat
1642:Chimurenga
1499:Zimbabwean
1465:Senegalese
1373:Genres of
982:References
931:Pamba moto
874:1970s-1985
680:Tokyo Ngma
676:Gari Kubwa
420:Son Cubano
274:Late 1930s
196:Mozambique
1938:Wassoulou
1854:Palm-wine
1744:Kidandali
1652:Coladeira
1620:Cape jazz
1605:Bend-skin
1595:Bantowbol
1555:Afro-soul
1538:Afro-rock
1533:Afrobeats
1477:Tanzanian
1450:Mauritian
1305:Routledge
1256:146229942
1248:1369-6815
1234:: 65–80.
1232:Routledge
1094:162437123
1086:1474-0095
1026:Routledge
835:kamanyola
568:based on
566:big bands
486:pop music
1839:Ndombolo
1829:Motswako
1809:Mbaqanga
1692:Highlife
1667:Edo Funk
1635:Moroccan
1630:Algerian
1590:Bajourou
1565:Amapiano
1528:Afrobeat
1494:Togolese
1460:Nigerien
1455:Nigerian
1445:Moroccan
1440:Malawian
1413:Ghanaian
1403:Algerian
1022:New York
965:See also
839:zembwela
762:Morogoro
734:Dar Jazz
713:Location
708:Timeline
660:American
656:European
467:big band
463:highlife
390:Zanzibar
378:Tanzania
327:Ndombolo
294:acoustic
166:DR Congo
1963:Zouglou
1958:Zoblazo
1933:Tabanka
1918:Soukous
1913:Singeli
1864:Raï'n'B
1849:Odi Pop
1784:Makossa
1774:Madiaba
1749:Kizomba
1714:Hiplife
1615:Bikutsi
1600:Batuque
1548:Zamrock
1418:Ivorian
1408:Gambian
954:ndekule
902:sikinde
718:Mitindo
636:Mitindo
538:Nairobi
522:soukous
516:History
455:Central
435:Swahili
350:Makossa
322:Soukous
254:Soukous
186:Burundi
51:Singeli
1928:Taarab
1903:Shaabi
1891:Seggae
1876:Salegy
1871:Sakara
1804:Mbalax
1799:Maloya
1789:Marabi
1769:Logobi
1759:Kwaito
1754:Kuduro
1677:Funaná
1625:Chaabi
1585:Azonto
1580:Assiko
1516:Seggae
1428:Boomba
1423:Kenyan
1332:
1311:
1286:
1254:
1246:
1201:(40).
1167:
1132:
1092:
1084:
1032:
948:1985-?
896:1978-?
640:mtindo
508:, and
405:Taarab
387:
375:
307:vocals
201:Zambia
191:Malawi
181:Rwanda
176:Uganda
56:Taarab
38:Genres
1943:Zaley
1898:Semba
1844:Njuup
1819:Morna
1814:Mbube
1764:Kwela
1724:Jaiva
1709:Hipco
1682:Gnawa
1610:Benga
1575:Apala
1433:Genge
1252:S2CID
1230:(1).
1090:S2CID
1068:(8).
574:drums
570:brass
550:Kenya
546:Zaire
439:dansi
345:Benga
303:brass
299:drums
171:Kenya
71:Ngoma
66:Kwaya
61:Dansi
1886:Sega
1734:Jùjú
1687:Gqom
1672:Fuji
1647:Colá
1560:Alté
1330:ISBN
1309:ISBN
1284:ISBN
1244:ISSN
1165:ISBN
1130:ISBN
1082:ISSN
1030:ISBN
945:IOSS
698:Name
682:and
666:and
658:and
615:and
607:and
572:and
560:and
540:and
528:and
457:and
445:and
433:(in
1859:Raï
1729:Jit
1236:doi
1074:doi
1980::
1307:.
1303:.
1282:.
1278:,
1274:.
1250:.
1242:.
1228:30
1226:.
1220:.
1199:40
1179:^
1163:.
1159::
1155:.
1124::
1120:.
1102:^
1088:.
1080:.
1064:.
1060:.
1044:^
1024::
1020:.
910:,
858:,
854:,
850:,
846:,
837:,
813:,
809:,
805:,
801:,
797:,
771:,
678:,
603:,
599:,
576:.
512:.
504:,
500:,
496:,
492:,
380:•
1366:e
1359:t
1352:v
1338:.
1317:.
1292:.
1258:.
1238::
1205:.
1173:.
1138:.
1076::
1066:3
1038:.
1003:.
296:)
289:)
228:e
221:t
214:v
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