1728:
1740:
1582:
1570:
1710:
290:
650:
44:
71:
2464:
1694:
While some mycobacteria can take up to eight weeks to grow visible colonies from a cultured sample, most clinically relevant species will grow within the first four weeks, allowing physicians to consider alternative causes if negative readings continue past the first month. Growth media include
695:
is the most virulent rapidly-growing mycobacterium (RGM), as well as the leading cause of RGM based pulmonary infections. Although it has been traditionally viewed as an opportunistic pathogen like other NTMs, analysis of various virulence factors (VFs) have shifted this view to that of a true
2746:"Phylogenomic analysis of the species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex demonstrates that Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium caprae, Mycobacterium microti and Mycobacterium pinnipedii are later heterotypic synonyms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis"
687:. The four primary diseases observed in humans are chronic pulmonary disease, disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients, skin and soft tissue infections, and superficial lymphadenitis. 80-90% of recorded NTM infections manifest as pulmonary diseases.
724:
and secreted proteins for virulence. It constantly remodels these layers to survive in stressful environments and avoid host immune defenses. This cell wall structure results in colony surfaces resembling fungi, leading to the genus' use of the Greek prefix
1581:
1487:
of Groups III and IV have a pale yellow/tan pigment, regardless of light exposure. Group IV species are "rapidly-growing" mycobacteria compared to the "slowly-growing" Group III species because samples grow into visible colonies in less than seven days.
1682:
cells as pink against a blue background. Rapid
Modified Auramine O Fluorescent staining has specific binding to slowly-growing mycobacteria for yellow staining against a dark background. Newer methods include Gomori-Methenamine Silver staining and
1727:
1558:
Microbiologist Enrico
Tortoli has constructed a phylogenetic tree of the genus' key species based on the earlier genetic sequencing of Rogall, et al. (1990), alongside new phylogentic trees based on Tortoli's 2017 sequencing of 148
1569:
1739:
424:
are pathogenic, most mycobacteria do not cause disease unless they enter skin lesions of those with pulmonary and/or immune dysfunction, despite being widespread across aquatic and terrestrial environments. Through
1609:
into five genera, based on an analysis of 150 species in this genus. Due to controversy over complicating clinical diagnoses and treatment, all of the renamed species have retained their original identity in the
572:
can remain latent in human hosts for decades after an initial infection, allowing it to continue infecting others. It has been estimated that a third of the world population has latent tuberculosis (TB).
1790:
species with
Mycoside A found in photochromogenic strains, Mycoside B in bovine strains, and Mycoside C in avian strains. Different forms of Mycoside C have varying success as a receptor to inactivate
272:
Mycobacterial species are generally aerobic, non-motile, and capable of growing with minimal nutrients. The genus is divided based on each species' pigment production and growth rate. While most
5302:
1886:
1709:
3411:"Incubation time of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex sputum cultures in BACTEC MGIT 960: 4weeks of negative culture is enough for physicians to consider alternative diagnoses"
3198:
Huang YC, Liu MF, Shen GH, Lin CF, Kao CC, Liu PY, Shi ZY (October 2010). "Clinical outcome of
Mycobacterium abscessus infection and antimicrobial susceptibility testing".
1762:, a class of viruses with high specificity for their targets. By hijacking the cellular machinery of mycobacteria to produce additional phages, such viruses can be used in
3274:
Tortoli E, Fedrizzi T, Meehan CJ, Trovato A, Grottola A, Giacobazzi E, et al. (December 2017). "The new phylogeny of the genus
Mycobacterium: The old and the news".
1492:
5276:
634:, two closely related bacteria. Roughly 200,000 new cases of infection are reported each year, and 80% of new cases are reported in Brazil, India, and Indonesia.
5315:
387:
as a carbon source in the presence of mineral salts. Temperatures for optimal growth vary between species and media conditions, ranging from 25 to 45 °C.
1526:
4008:
679:
can infect mammalian hosts. These bacteria are referred to as "atypical mycobacteria." Although person-to-person transmission is rare, transmission of
5250:
5289:
3724:
3250:
3174:
2309:
803:
Skin discoloration, nodule development, dry skin, loss of eyebrows and/or eyelashes, numbness, nosebleeds, paralysis, blindness, nerve pain.
5409:
2376:"Mycobacterium leprae in Mice: Minimal Infectious Dose, Relationship Between Staining Quality and Infectivity, and Effect of Cortisone"
696:
pathogen. This is due to the presence of known mycobacterial VFs and other non-mycobacterial VFs found in other prokaryotic pathogens.
3851:
3793:
1766:
for eukaryotic hosts, as they would die alongside the mycobacteria. Since only some mycobacteriophages are capable of penetrating the
1745:
1700:
1508:
1464:
604:
3003:
1552:
2979:
3509:
Smith DW, Randall HM, Maclennan AP, Lederer E (June 1960). "Mycosides: a new class of type-specific glycolipids of
Mycobacteria".
5351:
4668:
51:
1696:
4950:
4643:
1371:
3611:"Targeted replacement of the mycocerosic acid synthase gene in Mycobacterium bovis BCG produces a mutant that lacks mycosides"
1684:
4829:
4502:
4461:
4346:
5294:
5029:
4906:
4842:
2744:
Riojas, Marco A.; McGough, Katya J.; Rider-Riojas, Cristin J.; Rastogi, Nalin; HazbĂłn, Manzour
Hernando (1 January 2018).
5404:
4984:
4731:
4417:
4261:
3996:
70:
2695:
Forrellad MA, Klepp LI, GioffrĂ© A, Sabio y GarcĂa J, Morbidoni HR, de la Paz
Santangelo M, et al. (January 2013).
5389:
5001:
4819:
4578:
4410:
3986:
3959:
3903:
3746:
3737:
1827:
1519:
1504:
1083:
1066:
2925:
1911:
1670:
The two most common methods for visualizing these acid-fast bacilli as bright red against a blue background are the
5379:
4913:
4788:
4615:
4098:
3935:
3928:
3800:
3717:
1537:
1251:
1133:
666:
630:
568:
276:
species are non-pathogenic, the genus' characteristic complex cell wall contributes to evasion from host defenses.
235:
3875:
5320:
5110:
5103:
5023:
4990:
4890:
4862:
4755:
4721:
4659:
4629:
4599:
4520:
4495:
4442:
4404:
4118:
4079:
1546:
691:
501:
3233:
Tortoli E (2019-01-10). "Chapter 1 - The
Taxonomy of the Genus Mycobacterium". In Velayati AA, Farnia P (eds.).
5394:
5142:
5135:
5062:
4963:
4856:
4772:
4622:
4208:
3842:
949:
901:
471:
289:
1719:
1671:
3676:
2660:
Getahun H, Matteelli A, Chaisson RE, Raviglione M (May 2015). "Latent
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection".
441:
does not support the growth of mycobacteria, allowing it to go undetected in municipal and hospital systems.
5096:
5082:
5075:
5038:
4970:
4922:
4868:
4835:
4743:
4737:
4714:
4606:
4563:
4391:
4339:
4268:
4248:
4241:
4171:
4140:
4086:
4032:
3896:
3814:
1175:
966:
925:
462:
5164:
5117:
5089:
4978:
4766:
4749:
4650:
4542:
4473:
4423:
4352:
4305:
4185:
4053:
4020:
3889:
3828:
1934:"The thick waxy coat of mycobacteria, a protective layer against antibiotics and the host's immune system"
1286:
1116:
3154:
5399:
5384:
4957:
4848:
4807:
4636:
4583:
4556:
4549:
4479:
4397:
4312:
4299:
4285:
4179:
4165:
4128:
3883:
3863:
3857:
3821:
3751:
3710:
2785:
Sugawara-Mikami M, Tanigawa K, Kawashima A, Kiriya M, Nakamura Y, Fujiwara Y, Suzuki K (December 2022).
1468:
1428:
1388:
1234:
1192:
315:
3055:
2090:
Dulberger CL, Rubin EJ, Boutte CC (January 2020). "The mycobacterial cell envelope - a moving target".
5356:
5330:
5224:
5069:
5044:
5007:
4897:
4813:
4705:
4699:
4693:
4430:
4332:
4291:
4254:
4065:
3921:
3835:
3687:
3622:
3518:
3460:"Phage therapy as a renewed therapeutic approach to mycobacterial infections: a comprehensive review"
2838:
2254:
2195:
1531:
1338:
1312:
670:
624:
245:
638:
infection localizes within the skin macrophages and Schwann cells found in peripheral nerve tissue.
5013:
4883:
4778:
4002:
3952:
3807:
3697:
1435:
660:
identifiers). Unique proteins for each species are localized in the outer section for each species.
594:
310:
3368:
Tortoli E, Brown-Elliott BA, Chalmers JD, Cirillo DM, Daley CL, Emler S, et al. (July 2019).
5202:
4944:
3542:
3256:
3135:
2115:
1660:
657:
343:; however, this has been contested by further research. The distinguishing characteristic of all
266:
160:
65:
2954:
2425:"Mycobacteria in drinking water distribution systems: ecology and significance for human health"
649:
43:
5338:
5281:
5211:
3650:
3591:
3534:
3491:
3440:
3391:
3350:
3291:
3246:
3215:
3170:
3127:
2907:
2820:
2767:
2726:
2677:
2519:
2446:
2405:
2356:
2305:
2282:
2223:
2164:
2107:
2069:
2038:
Forbes BA, Hall GS, Miller MB, Novak SM, Rowlinson MC, Salfinger M, et al. (April 2018).
2015:
1963:
1860:
Atlas und Grundriss der Bakteriologie und Lehrbuch der speziellen bakteriologischen Diagnostik
1791:
1759:
1651:
717:
653:
437:, mycobacteria can survive a variety of environmental stressors. The agar media used for most
324:
2241:
Traag BA, Driks A, Stragier P, Bitter W, Broussard G, Hatfull G, et al. (January 2010).
5343:
3761:
3755:
3640:
3630:
3581:
3573:
3526:
3481:
3471:
3430:
3422:
3381:
3340:
3330:
3283:
3238:
3207:
3162:
3117:
2897:
2887:
2810:
2802:
2757:
2716:
2708:
2669:
2509:
2501:
2436:
2395:
2387:
2346:
2338:
2272:
2262:
2213:
2203:
2154:
2146:
2099:
2059:
2051:
2005:
1997:
1984:
Pennington KM, Vu A, Challener D, Rivera CG, Shweta FN, Zeuli JD, Temesgen Z (August 2021).
1953:
1945:
1635:
578:
398:. However, some species grow very slowly due to extremely long reproductive cycles, such as
306:
302:
222:
178:
122:
3056:"Global leprosy (Hansen disease) update, 2021: moving towards interruption of transmission"
3702:
2182:
Ghosh J, Larsson P, Singh B, Pettersson BM, Islam NM, Sarkar SN, et al. (June 2009).
2133:
Stamm LM, Morisaki JH, Gao LY, Jeng RL, McDonald KL, Roth R, et al. (November 2003).
1819:
1627:
709:
684:
360:
112:
3626:
3522:
2258:
2199:
2135:"Mycobacterium marinum escapes from phagosomes and is propelled by actin-based motility"
820:
Tender skin, development of boils or pus-filled vesicles, fevers, chills, muscle aches.
3767:
3486:
3459:
3435:
3426:
3410:
3345:
3310:
3242:
3079:
2902:
2867:
2815:
2786:
2721:
2696:
2514:
2489:
2351:
2326:
2277:
2242:
2218:
2183:
2159:
2134:
2064:
2039:
2010:
1985:
1958:
1933:
1643:
1500:
593:, metal-transporter proteins, and gene expression regulators. Several lineages such as
581:, which can be divided across lipid and fatty acid metabolism, cell envelope proteins,
250:
218:
92:
3586:
3561:
3311:"Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomic Studies Robustly Support Division of the Genus
3211:
2400:
2375:
2325:
Lagier JC, Edouard S, Pagnier I, Mediannikov O, Drancourt M, Raoult D (January 2015).
265:
with a waxy lipid-rich outer layer that contains high concentrations of mycolic acid,
5373:
3645:
3610:
3166:
3139:
2119:
1864:
Atlas and Outline of Bacteriology and Textbook of Special Bacteriological Diagnostics
1763:
1675:
705:
438:
356:
258:
102:
3260:
5216:
3546:
1515:
746:
713:
352:
230:
3577:
3030:
2806:
1986:"Approach to the diagnosis and treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease"
3287:
2441:
2424:
2391:
2001:
5263:
5196:
3386:
3369:
2636:
2612:
2588:
2561:
2537:
1835:
348:
3615:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3200:
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection = Wei Mian Yu Gan Ran Za Zhi
3122:
3105:
2247:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2188:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3112:. Consensus Statement of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease in Taiwan.
2103:
1783:
1774:
because bacteria uptake, transcribe, and translate foreign DNA into proteins.
1472:
742:
738:
730:
582:
395:
380:
328:
320:
269:
is used to emphasize their resistance to acids, compared to other cell types.
54:
5187:
3458:
Azimi T, Mosadegh M, Nasiri MJ, Sabour S, Karimaei S, Nasser A (2019-09-17).
3335:
2505:
5237:
3670:
3635:
3409:
Ogwang S, Mubiri P, Bark CM, Joloba ML, Boom WH, Johnson JL (October 2015).
2327:"Current and past strategies for bacterial culture in clinical microbiology"
2267:
2208:
734:
468:
400:
363:, with these unique components offering targets for new tuberculosis drugs.
262:
17:
5307:
3562:"Mycosides C: behavior as receptor site substance for mycobacteriophage D4"
3538:
3495:
3444:
3395:
3354:
3295:
3219:
3131:
2911:
2824:
2771:
2762:
2745:
2730:
2681:
2523:
2450:
2409:
2360:
2286:
2227:
2168:
2111:
2073:
2019:
1967:
1878:
456:
The genome sizes of mycobacteria range from relatively small ones (e.g. in
152:
3654:
3595:
2868:"General Overview of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Opportunistic Pathogens:
2673:
2423:
Vaerewijck MJ, Huys G, Palomino JC, Swings J, Portaels F (November 2005).
5181:
2342:
2150:
2055:
2040:"Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Mycobacteria"
1771:
590:
430:
384:
226:
82:
3692:
3476:
1949:
394:
species, including most clinically relevant species, can be cultured in
5255:
3914:
2892:
2712:
1813:
From left to right in image of slant tubes of Löwenstein-Jensen medium:
1542:
619:
426:
376:
240:
5268:
2955:"Fact Sheets | General | Tuberculosis: General Information | TB | CDC"
1575:
Phylogenetic tree of slowly-growing members of the Mycobacterium genus
3530:
721:
586:
434:
404:
requiring 12 days per division cycle compared to 20 minutes for some
5158:
733:
ineffective, instead requiring a multi-drug antibiotic treatment of
5242:
2866:
To K, Cao R, Yegiazaryan A, Owens J, Venketaraman V (August 2020).
3370:"Same meat, different gravy: ignore the new names of mycobacteria"
2935:. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). August 1999. p. 2
648:
340:
288:
214:
2750:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
1990:
Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases
2302:
Bacterial Polysaccharides: Current Innovations and Future Trends
1794:. Replacement of the gene encoding mycocerosic acid synthase in
5162:
3706:
3681:
1499:
species, classification and identification systems now rely on
5229:
3104:
Weng YW, Huang CK, Sy CL, Wu KS, Tsai HC, Lee SS (June 2020).
716:; a waxy outer mycomembrane of mycolic acid; and an outermost
610:
until they were finally merged into the main species in 2018.
2697:"Virulence factors of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex"
2300:
Bhamidi S (2009). "Mycobacterial Cell Wall Arabinogalactan".
823:
clarithromycin, azithromycin, amikacin, cefoxitin, imipenem.
3684:: Genomic and proteomic database for pathogenic mycobacteria
3609:
Azad AK, Sirakova TD, Rogers LM, Kolattukudy PE (May 1996).
3106:"Treatment for Mycobacterium abscessus complex-lung disease"
3080:"Mycobacterium abscessus in Healthcare Settings | HAI | CDC"
2490:"Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium vulneris DSM 45247T"
1770:
membrane, the viral DNA may be delivered through artificial
3673:: Genomes, proteins, epitopes, and pathways of mycobacteria
3110:
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan Yi Zhi
467:
encoding 6,653 proteins, larger than the ~6000 proteins of
2839:"Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections | HAI | CDC"
1479:(pigment production induced by light), Group II comprises
1471:
of analyzing growth rate and production of yellow/orange
3560:
Goren MB, McClatchy JK, Martens B, Brokl O (June 1972).
1493:
International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP)
1463:
Mycobacteria have historically been categorized through
3031:"Signs and Symptoms | Hansen's Disease (Leprosy) | CDC"
1887:
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
2583:
2581:
229:
known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including
2488:
Croce O, Robert C, Raoult D, Drancourt M (May 2014).
1631:
based on the Rapidly-Growing Abscessus-Chelonae clade
1623:
based on the Slowly-Growing Tuberculosis-Simiae clade
782:
Fatigue, weight loss, fever, hemoptysis, chest pain.
1587:
Phylogenetic tree of rapidly-growing members of the
603:(bovine TB) were considered separate species in the
5171:
5127:
5054:
4936:
4798:
4685:
4678:
4591:
4577:
4534:
4512:
4373:
4366:
4324:
4278:
4233:
4224:
4197:
4156:
4110:
3978:
3971:
3785:
3776:
3745:
3153:Scholar E (2007-01-01), Enna SJ, Bylund DB (eds.),
3025:
3023:
1906:
1904:
1748:samples emitting fluorescence in ultraviolet light
1655:
based on the Rapidly-Growing Fortuitum-Vaccae clade
785:isoniazid INH, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol.
375:species readily grow with minimal nutrients, using
3688:CDC - Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections
3671:Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center
664:Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM), which exclude
305:with 0.2-0.6 ÎĽm wide and 1.0-10 ÎĽm long
4157:
4043:
1979:
1977:
1661:Bacterial taxonomy § Pathology vs. phylogeny
3159:xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference
2926:"Mycobacteria: Health Advisory EPA-822-B-01-007"
2085:
2083:
4877:
4374:
3155:"Mycobacterium Avium-Intracellulare Infections"
844:clarithromycin, amikacin, cefoxitin, imipenem.
841:Coughing, hemoptysis, fever, cavitary lesions.
3415:Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
3718:
3193:
3191:
2033:
2031:
2029:
8:
1866:] (1st ed.). MĂĽnchen: J.F. Lehmann.
1527:mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection
261:-like colony surfaces. Since this genus has
1932:Batt SM, Minnikin DE, Besra GS (May 2020).
1507:. The major disease-causing groups are the
1483:(constitutive pigment production), and the
319:, which has been shown to be motile within
5159:
4682:
4588:
4370:
4230:
3975:
3782:
3773:
3725:
3711:
3703:
2861:
2859:
1691:(MAC) cells black and pink, respectively.
1639:based on the Slowly-Growing Triviale clade
42:
31:
3644:
3634:
3585:
3485:
3475:
3434:
3385:
3344:
3334:
3121:
2901:
2891:
2814:
2761:
2720:
2513:
2440:
2399:
2350:
2276:
2266:
2217:
2207:
2158:
2063:
2009:
1957:
745:to hinder arabinogalactan synthesis, and
656:proteins found in each species (based on
297:cell envelope with 3-D protein structures
1733:Slant tubes of Löwenstein-Jensen medium.
1647:based on the Slowly-Growing Terrae clade
751:
683:has been observed between patients with
476:
453:genomes have been completely sequenced.
257:means 'fungus', alluding to this genus'
3693:PRASITE: Identification of Mycobacteria
1850:
1806:
1705:
1591:genus, alongside the M. terrae complex.
1565:
460:) to quite large ones, such as that as
2980:"Diagnosing and Treating Tuberculosis"
2374:Shepard CC, Mcrae DH (February 1965).
2243:"Do mycobacteria produce endospores?"
7:
5331:88615ca0-ee31-49be-8939-0736f8499757
3161:, New York: Elsevier, pp. 1–5,
2139:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
1614:genus as a valid taxonomic synonym:
2662:The New England Journal of Medicine
1363:
1226:
1167:
1108:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
941:
917:
893:
886:
874:
867:
737:to inhibit mycolic acid synthesis,
622:is caused by infection with either
478:Protein-Coding Genomic Information
429:formation, cell wall resistance to
3427:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.07.002
3243:10.1016/B978-0-12-814692-7.00001-2
1701:mycobacteria growth indicator tube
704:Mycobacteria have cell walls with
217:of over 190 species in the phylum
25:
3698:TB Structural Genomics Consortium
3276:Infection, Genetics and Evolution
3237:. Academic Press. pp. 1–10.
3235:Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)
3004:"Global Tuberculosis Report 2022"
1798:prevents formation of mycosides.
806:dapson, rifampicin, clofazimine.
741:to interfere with transcription,
3374:The European Respiratory Journal
3167:10.1016/b978-008055232-3.60891-8
2787:"Pathogenicity and virulence of
1758:Mycobacteria can be infected by
1738:
1726:
1708:
1678:. Fite's stain is used to color
1580:
1568:
749:to impede Coenzyme A synthesis.
69:
1919:Environmental Protection Agency
486:Number of Protein Coding Genes
3309:Gupta RS, Lo B, Son J (2018).
1858:Lehmann KB, Neumann R (1896).
1685:Perioidic Acid Schiff staining
1597:Proposed division of the genus
729:. This unique structure makes
1:
3578:10.1128/jvi.9.6.999-1003.1972
3464:Infection and Drug Resistance
3212:10.1016/S1684-1182(10)60063-1
2807:10.1080/21505594.2022.2141987
2331:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
2184:"Sporulation in mycobacteria"
2044:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
1912:Mycobacteria: Health Advisory
771:Reported Cases (Region, Year)
764:Common Symptoms of Infection
3288:10.1016/j.meegid.2017.10.013
2880:Journal of Clinical Medicine
2442:10.1016/j.femsre.2005.02.001
2392:10.1128/jb.89.2.365-372.1965
2092:Nature Reviews. Microbiology
2002:10.1016/j.jctube.2021.100244
5410:Infectious causes of cancer
3677:Merck Manual - Mycobacteria
3387:10.1183/13993003.00795-2019
1828:Mycobacterium avium complex
1689:Mycobacterium avium complex
1505:computational phylogenetics
1475:pigments. Group I contains
788:1.6 Million (Global, 2021)
221:, assigned its own family,
5426:
3123:10.1016/j.jfma.2020.05.028
2304:. Caister Academic Press.
1716:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1658:
631:Mycobacterium lepromatosis
569:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
561:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
418:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
139:Lehmann & Neumann 1896
3323:Frontiers in Microbiology
2984:American Lung Association
2429:FEMS Microbiology Reviews
2104:10.1038/s41579-019-0273-7
1495:currently recognizes 195
1432:
1385:
1368:
1361:
1335:
1309:
1283:
1248:
1231:
1224:
1189:
1172:
1165:
1130:
1113:
1106:
1080:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1007:
963:
946:
939:
922:
915:
898:
891:
884:
872:
861:Cladogram of Key Species
313:, except for the species
166:
159:
149:
144:
66:Scientific classification
64:
50:
41:
34:
3336:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00067
2506:10.1128/genomeA.00370-14
1831:: Wet-appearing colonies
1823:: Dry-appearing colonies
1697:Löwenstein–Jensen medium
383:as nitrogen sources and
355:-rich cell wall made of
3636:10.1073/pnas.93.10.4787
2874:Mycobacterium abscessus
2380:Journal of Bacteriology
2268:10.1073/pnas.0911299107
2209:10.1073/pnas.0904104106
1938:The Biochemical Journal
1605:have proposed dividing
809:133,802 (Global, 2021)
433:, and association with
323:. Mycobacteria possess
4669:M. fluoroanthenivorans
3319:and Four Novel Genera"
3315:into an Emended Genus
2763:10.1099/ijsem.0.002507
1921:(Report). August 1999.
1676:modified Kinyoun stain
1553:chronic lung infection
756:Infection Information
661:
298:
225:. This genus includes
151:Over 190 species, see
3904:M. ulcerans liflandii
3786:M. tuberculosis group
2674:10.1056/NEJMra1405427
2465:"JGI GOLD | Projects"
1877:Euzéby JP, Parte AC.
1659:Further information:
1469:Runyon classification
652:
327:and most do not form
316:Mycobacterium marinum
309:. They are generally
292:
4951:M. thermoresistibile
4644:M. frederiksbergense
4513:M. intermedium group
4490:M. interjectum group
4111:M. haemophilum group
3116:(Suppl 1): S58–S66.
2789:Mycobacterium leprae
2494:Genome Announcements
2343:10.1128/CMR.00110-14
2151:10.1084/jem.20031072
2056:10.1128/CMR.00038-17
1839:: Yellowish colonies
625:Mycobacterium leprae
347:species is a thick,
5405:Pathogenic bacteria
5128:M. elephantis group
4830:M. chlorophenolicum
4503:M. saskatchewanense
4462:M. parascrofulaceum
4347:M. nonchromogenicum
4198:M. conspicuum group
3627:1996PNAS...93.4787A
3566:Journal of Virology
3523:1960Natur.186..887S
3477:10.2147/IDR.S218638
2870:Mycobacterium avium
2259:2010PNAS..107..878T
2200:2009PNAS..10610781G
2194:(26): 10781–10786.
1950:10.1042/BCJ20200194
1720:Ziehl-Neelsen stain
1672:Ziehl-Neelsen stain
1436:Nocardia asteroides
1372:M. nonchromogenicum
757:
618:The development of
479:
339:have been shown to
5390:Bacterial diseases
5030:M. madagascariense
4937:M. smegmatis group
4907:M. austroafricanum
4843:M. psychrotolerans
4686:M. fortuitum group
4325:M. hiberniae group
2893:10.3390/jcm9082541
2713:10.4161/viru.22329
1815:- Negative control
1792:mycobacteriophages
1760:mycobacteriophages
1754:Mycobacteriophages
1465:phenotypic testing
752:
662:
477:
299:
295:Mycobacterium spp.
267:acid-fast staining
5380:Acid-fast bacilli
5367:
5366:
5339:Open Tree of Life
5165:Taxon identifiers
5156:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5055:M. chelonae group
4985:M. conceptionense
4932:
4931:
4732:M. neworleansense
4592:M. neoaurum group
4573:
4572:
4530:
4529:
4418:M. heidelbergense
4362:
4361:
4262:M. heckeshornense
4220:
4219:
4158:M. gordonae group
4152:
4151:
3997:M. intracellulare
3979:M. kansasii group
3876:M. pseudoshottsii
3621:(10): 4787–4792.
3517:(4728): 887–888.
3252:978-0-12-814692-7
3176:978-0-08-055232-3
2668:(22): 2127–2135.
2311:978-1-904455-45-5
1944:(10): 1983–2006.
1652:Mycolicibacterium
1461:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1447:
1446:
1418:
1417:
1409:
1408:
1400:
1399:
1350:
1349:
1324:
1323:
1298:
1297:
1272:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1095:
1094:
1084:M. intracellulare
996:
995:
987:
986:
978:
977:
851:
850:
826:3000 (US, Annual
767:Known Treatments
700:Virulence factors
579:virulence factors
552:
551:
492:M. intracellulare
301:Mycobacteria are
249:) in humans. The
206:
205:
200:
199:Gupta et al. 2018
192:
191:Gupta et al. 2018
184:
183:Gupta et al. 2018
174:
173:Gupta et al. 2018
170:Mycolicibacterium
140:
27:Genus of bacteria
16:(Redirected from
5417:
5360:
5359:
5347:
5346:
5334:
5333:
5324:
5323:
5311:
5310:
5298:
5297:
5285:
5284:
5272:
5271:
5259:
5258:
5246:
5245:
5233:
5232:
5220:
5219:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5192:
5191:
5190:
5160:
5017:
5002:M. novocastrense
4994:
4872:
4823:
4820:M. parafortuitum
4782:
4759:
4683:
4589:
4491:
4454:
4453:M. kubicae group
4411:M. montefiorense
4384:
4371:
4279:M. celatum group
4231:
4046:
4014:paratuberculosis
3989:
3976:
3960:M. kumamotonense
3945:
3917:
3854:
3796:
3783:
3774:
3762:scotochromogenic
3756:photochromogenic
3727:
3720:
3713:
3704:
3659:
3658:
3648:
3638:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3589:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3531:10.1038/186887a0
3506:
3500:
3499:
3489:
3479:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3438:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3389:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3348:
3338:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3195:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3125:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3027:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2930:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2905:
2895:
2863:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2818:
2801:(1): 1985–2011.
2782:
2776:
2775:
2765:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2724:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2585:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2517:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2469:gold.jgi.doe.gov
2461:
2455:
2454:
2444:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2403:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2354:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2280:
2270:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2211:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2162:
2145:(9): 1361–1368.
2130:
2124:
2123:
2087:
2078:
2077:
2067:
2050:(2): e00038–17.
2035:
2024:
2023:
2013:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1961:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1916:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1855:
1840:
1811:
1742:
1730:
1712:
1636:Mycolicibacillus
1584:
1572:
1364:
1227:
1168:
1109:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1010:
942:
918:
894:
887:
875:
868:
858:
857:
758:
677:M. lepromatosis,
642:Nontuberculosis
480:
223:Mycobacteriaceae
198:
190:
182:
179:Mycolicibacillus
172:
138:
123:Mycobacteriaceae
74:
73:
46:
32:
21:
5425:
5424:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5395:Bacteria genera
5370:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5355:
5350:
5342:
5337:
5329:
5327:
5319:
5314:
5306:
5301:
5293:
5288:
5280:
5275:
5267:
5262:
5254:
5249:
5241:
5236:
5228:
5223:
5215:
5210:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5186:
5185:
5180:
5167:
5157:
5148:
5123:
5050:
4999:
4976:
4928:
4914:M. pyrenivorans
4854:
4805:
4799:M. vaccae group
4794:
4789:M. farcinogenes
4764:
4729:
4674:
4616:M. canariasense
4582:
4579:Rapidly growing
4569:
4526:
4508:
4489:
4452:
4383:M. simiae group
4382:
4375:M. simiae clade
4358:
4320:
4274:
4234:M. xenopi group
4226:
4216:
4193:
4148:
4106:
4099:M. scrofulaceum
4042:
3985:
3967:
3943:
3936:M. lepromatosis
3929:M. lepraemurium
3913:
3850:
3801:M. tuberculosis
3792:
3778:
3765:
3759:
3749:
3741:
3731:
3667:
3662:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3572:(6): 999–1003.
3559:
3558:
3554:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3253:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3197:
3196:
3189:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3089:
3087:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3064:
3062:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3012:
3010:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2988:
2986:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2964:
2962:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2938:
2936:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2848:
2846:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2645:
2643:
2641:www.uniprot.org
2635:
2634:
2630:
2621:
2619:
2617:www.uniprot.org
2611:
2610:
2606:
2597:
2595:
2593:www.uniprot.org
2587:
2586:
2579:
2570:
2568:
2566:www.uniprot.org
2560:
2559:
2555:
2546:
2544:
2542:www.uniprot.org
2536:
2535:
2531:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2473:
2471:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2037:
2036:
2027:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1832:
1824:
1820:M. tuberculosis
1816:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1780:
1768:M. tuberculosis
1756:
1749:
1743:
1734:
1731:
1722:
1713:
1668:
1663:
1628:Mycobacteroides
1599:
1592:
1585:
1576:
1573:
1538:M. lepromatosis
1510:M. tuberculosis
1481:scotochromogens
1477:photochromogens
1457:
1448:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1351:
1325:
1299:
1273:
1264:
1252:M. tuberculosis
1214:
1205:
1155:
1146:
1134:M. scrofulaceum
1096:
997:
988:
979:
856:
798:M. lepromatosis
778:M. tuberculosis
710:arabinogalactan
702:
685:cystic fibrosis
667:M. tuberculosis
647:
616:
606:M, tuberculosis
575:M. tuberculosis
565:
557:
524:M. tuberculosis
447:
414:
369:
361:arabinogalactan
287:
282:
236:M. tuberculosis
196:Mycobacteroides
137:
113:Mycobacteriales
68:
59:M. tuberculosis
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5423:
5421:
5413:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5372:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5348:
5335:
5325:
5312:
5299:
5286:
5273:
5260:
5247:
5234:
5221:
5208:
5193:
5177:
5175:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5154:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5139:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5114:
5111:M. massiliense
5107:
5104:M. immunogenum
5100:
5093:
5086:
5079:
5066:
5058:
5056:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5034:
5033:
5024:M. confluentis
5019:
5018:
4996:
4995:
4991:M. moriokaense
4974:
4967:
4954:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4918:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4894:
4891:M. vanbaalenii
4887:
4874:
4873:
4863:M. mucogenicum
4852:
4839:
4825:
4824:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4784:
4783:
4761:
4760:
4756:M. senegalense
4726:
4725:
4722:M. houstonense
4718:
4710:
4709:
4689:
4687:
4680:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4664:
4663:
4660:M. brisbanense
4655:
4654:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4630:M. diernhoferi
4626:
4619:
4611:
4610:
4603:
4600:M. mageritense
4595:
4593:
4586:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4521:M. intermedium
4516:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4499:
4496:M. interjectum
4492:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4443:M. lentiflavum
4436:
4435:
4434:
4427:
4414:
4405:M. florentinum
4401:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4368:
4367:Short helix 18
4364:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4343:
4336:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4309:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4245:
4237:
4235:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4162:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4122:
4119:M. haemophilum
4114:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4083:
4080:M. nebraskense
4072:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4047:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4017:
4006:
3990:
3982:
3980:
3973:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3956:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3855:
3847:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3789:
3787:
3780:
3771:
3768:nonchromogenic
3747:Slowly growing
3743:
3742:
3738:Nontuberculous
3732:
3730:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3679:
3674:
3666:
3665:External links
3663:
3661:
3660:
3601:
3552:
3501:
3450:
3421:(2): 162–164.
3401:
3380:(1): 1900795.
3360:
3301:
3266:
3251:
3225:
3206:(5): 401–406.
3187:
3175:
3145:
3096:
3071:
3047:
3019:
2995:
2971:
2946:
2917:
2855:
2830:
2777:
2756:(1): 324–332.
2736:
2687:
2652:
2628:
2604:
2577:
2553:
2529:
2480:
2456:
2435:(5): 911–934.
2415:
2386:(2): 365–372.
2366:
2337:(1): 208–236.
2317:
2310:
2292:
2253:(2): 878–881.
2233:
2174:
2125:
2079:
2025:
1973:
1924:
1900:
1869:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1786:isolated from
1782:Mycosides are
1779:
1776:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1744:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1725:
1723:
1714:
1707:
1667:
1664:
1657:
1656:
1648:
1644:Mycolicibacter
1640:
1632:
1624:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1567:
1501:DNA sequencing
1485:non-chromogens
1467:, such as the
1459:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
993:
990:
989:
985:
984:
981:
980:
976:
975:
972:
971:
962:
959:
958:
955:
954:
945:
940:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
921:
916:
914:
911:
910:
907:
906:
897:
892:
890:
885:
883:
873:
871:
866:
863:
862:
855:
852:
849:
848:
845:
842:
839:
832:
831:
824:
821:
818:
811:
810:
807:
804:
801:
790:
789:
786:
783:
780:
774:
773:
768:
765:
762:
701:
698:
646:
640:
615:
612:
564:
558:
556:
553:
550:
549:
546:
540:
539:
536:
530:
529:
526:
520:
519:
516:
510:
509:
506:
503:M. colombiense
498:
497:
494:
488:
487:
484:
446:
443:
413:
410:
368:
365:
286:
283:
281:
278:
219:Actinomycetota
204:
203:
202:
201:
193:
188:Mycolicibacter
185:
175:
164:
163:
157:
156:
147:
146:
142:
141:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
93:Actinomycetota
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
62:
61:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5422:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5358:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5326:
5322:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5308:mycobacterium
5304:
5300:
5296:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5213:
5209:
5204:
5203:Mycobacterium
5198:
5194:
5189:
5183:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5174:
5173:Mycobacterium
5170:
5166:
5161:
5145:
5144:
5143:M. holsaticum
5140:
5138:
5137:
5136:M. elephantis
5133:
5132:
5130:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5072:
5071:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5063:M. komossense
5060:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5009:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4964:M. flavescens
4960:
4959:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4925:
4924:
4920:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4899:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4858:
4857:M. aubagnense
4853:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4844:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4791:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4774:
4773:M. peregrinum
4769:
4768:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4681:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4666:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4623:M. cosmeticum
4620:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4580:
4576:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4523:
4522:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4475:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4407:
4406:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4225:Long helix 18
4223:
4211:
4210:
4209:M. conspicuum
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3843:M. pinnipedii
3840:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3777:Long helix 18
3775:
3772:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3753:
3748:
3744:
3739:
3735:
3728:
3723:
3721:
3716:
3714:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3605:
3602:
3597:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3556:
3553:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3505:
3502:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3470:: 2943–2959.
3469:
3465:
3461:
3454:
3451:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3405:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3318:
3317:Mycobacterium
3314:
3313:Mycobacterium
3305:
3302:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3270:
3267:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3229:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3178:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3100:
3097:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2934:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2790:
2781:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2740:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2653:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2481:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2419:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2129:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1881:Mycobacterium
1873:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1829:
1822:
1821:
1810:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1788:Mycobacterium
1785:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1764:phage therapy
1761:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1736:
1729:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1665:
1662:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1620:Mycobacterium
1617:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:Mycobacterium
1608:
1607:Mycobacterium
1604:
1596:
1590:
1589:Mycobacterium
1583:
1578:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1561:Mycobacterium
1556:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1497:Mycobacterium
1494:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1452:
1451:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1414:
1413:
1405:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1268:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1150:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
992:
991:
983:
982:
974:
973:
970:
969:
968:
961:
960:
957:
956:
953:
952:
951:
950:M. flavescens
944:
943:
937:
936:
933:
932:
929:
928:
927:
920:
919:
913:
912:
909:
908:
905:
904:
903:
896:
895:
889:
888:
882:
881:
880:Mycobacterium
877:
876:
870:
869:
865:
864:
860:
859:
853:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
833:
829:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
812:
808:
805:
802:
800:
799:
795:
792:
791:
787:
784:
781:
779:
776:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
759:
755:
754:Mycobacterial
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
706:peptidoglycan
699:
697:
694:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
672:
668:
659:
655:
651:
645:
641:
639:
637:
633:
632:
627:
626:
621:
613:
611:
609:
607:
602:
601:
597:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
571:
570:
562:
559:
555:Pathogenicity
554:
547:
545:
542:
541:
537:
535:
532:
531:
527:
525:
522:
521:
517:
515:
512:
511:
507:
505:
504:
500:
499:
495:
493:
490:
489:
485:
482:
481:
475:
473:
470:
466:
464:
459:
454:
452:
451:Mycobacterium
444:
442:
440:
439:water testing
436:
432:
428:
423:
419:
411:
409:
407:
403:
402:
397:
393:
392:Mycobacterium
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:Mycobacterium
366:
364:
362:
358:
357:peptidoglycan
354:
350:
346:
345:Mycobacterium
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:
312:
308:
304:
296:
293:Model of the
291:
284:
279:
277:
275:
274:Mycobacterium
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:
210:Mycobacterium
197:
194:
189:
186:
181:
180:
176:
171:
168:
167:
165:
162:
158:
155:
154:
148:
143:
136:
135:
134:Mycobacterium
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
103:Actinomycetia
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
72:
67:
63:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
36:Mycobacterium
33:
30:
19:
5400:Mycobacteria
5385:Tuberculosis
5172:
5141:
5134:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5097:M. abscessus
5095:
5088:
5083:M. aichiense
5081:
5076:M. tokaiense
5074:
5068:
5061:
5043:
5039:M. smegmatis
5037:
5028:
5022:
5012:
5006:
5000:
4989:
4983:
4977:
4971:M. monacense
4969:
4962:
4956:
4949:
4943:
4923:M. poriferae
4921:
4912:
4905:
4896:
4889:
4882:
4869:M. phocaicum
4867:
4861:
4855:
4847:
4841:
4836:M. chubuense
4834:
4828:
4818:
4812:
4806:
4787:
4777:
4771:
4765:
4754:
4748:
4744:M. fortuitum
4742:
4738:M. boenickei
4736:
4730:
4720:
4715:M. rhodesiae
4713:
4704:
4698:
4692:
4667:
4658:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:M. wolinskyi
4605:
4598:
4564:M. arosiense
4562:
4555:
4548:
4541:
4519:
4501:
4494:
4478:
4472:
4460:
4441:
4429:
4422:
4416:
4409:
4403:
4396:
4392:M. genavense
4390:
4351:
4345:
4340:M. hiberniae
4338:
4331:
4311:
4304:
4290:
4269:M. hassiacum
4267:
4260:
4253:
4249:M. shimoidei
4247:
4242:M. botniense
4240:
4207:
4184:
4172:M. asiaticum
4170:
4141:M. malmoense
4139:
4127:
4117:
4097:
4087:M. seoulense
4085:
4078:
4064:
4052:
4033:M. bohemicum
4031:
4019:
4013:
4009:
4001:
3995:
3958:
3951:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3874:
3862:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3815:M. africanum
3813:
3806:
3799:
3734:Mycobacteria
3733:
3618:
3614:
3604:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3467:
3463:
3453:
3418:
3414:
3404:
3377:
3373:
3363:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3312:
3304:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3234:
3228:
3203:
3199:
3180:, retrieved
3158:
3148:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3088:. Retrieved
3086:. 2021-11-15
3083:
3074:
3063:. Retrieved
3059:
3050:
3039:. Retrieved
3037:. 2018-10-22
3034:
3011:. Retrieved
3007:
2998:
2987:. Retrieved
2983:
2974:
2963:. Retrieved
2961:. 2022-08-17
2958:
2949:
2937:. Retrieved
2932:
2920:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2869:
2847:. Retrieved
2845:. 2019-08-12
2842:
2833:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2780:
2753:
2749:
2739:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2644:. Retrieved
2640:
2631:
2620:. Retrieved
2616:
2607:
2596:. Retrieved
2592:
2569:. Retrieved
2565:
2556:
2545:. Retrieved
2541:
2532:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2472:. Retrieved
2468:
2459:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2301:
2295:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2098:(1): 47–59.
2095:
2091:
2047:
2043:
1993:
1989:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1918:
1891:. Retrieved
1880:
1872:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1809:
1795:
1787:
1781:
1767:
1757:
1715:
1693:
1688:
1679:
1669:
1650:
1642:
1634:
1626:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1588:
1560:
1557:
1548:M. abscessus
1547:
1536:
1530:
1520:
1516:tuberculosis
1509:
1496:
1491:Because the
1490:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1462:
1434:
1433:
1387:
1386:
1370:
1369:
1337:
1336:
1311:
1310:
1285:
1284:
1250:
1249:
1233:
1232:
1191:
1190:
1176:M. malmoense
1174:
1173:
1132:
1131:
1115:
1114:
1082:
1081:
1065:
1064:
967:M. smegmatis
965:
964:
948:
947:
926:M. fortuitum
924:
923:
900:
899:
879:
878:
836:M. abscessus
835:
827:
814:
797:
796:
793:
777:
770:
753:
747:pyrazinamide
726:
714:mycolic acid
703:
692:M. abscessus
690:
689:
681:M. abscessus
680:
676:
665:
663:
644:Mycobacteria
643:
635:
629:
623:
617:
605:
599:
595:
585:inhibitors,
574:
567:
566:
560:
543:
534:M. smegmatis
533:
523:
513:
502:
491:
461:
457:
455:
450:
449:Hundreds of
448:
421:
417:
415:
405:
399:
391:
389:
372:
370:
353:mycolic acid
344:
336:
335:and perhaps
332:
314:
300:
294:
280:Microbiology
273:
271:
254:
244:
234:
231:tuberculosis
209:
208:
207:
195:
187:
177:
169:
150:
133:
132:
58:
35:
29:
18:Mycobacteria
5264:iNaturalist
5197:Wikispecies
5118:M. bolletii
5090:M. chelonae
4979:M. pulveris
4767:M. septicum
4750:M. porcinum
4651:M. neoaurum
4543:M. triviale
4474:M. palustre
4424:M. parmense
4353:M. arupense
4306:M. branderi
4186:M. gordonae
4054:M. kansasii
4021:M. chimaera
3897:M. shottsii
3890:M. ulcerans
3829:M. canettii
3736:(including
3682:Mycobrowser
3084:www.cdc.gov
3060:www.who.int
3035:www.cdc.gov
3008:www.who.int
2959:www.cdc.gov
2886:(8): 2541.
2843:www.cdc.gov
2707:(1): 3–66.
1836:M. gordonae
1784:glycolipids
1287:M. gordonae
1117:M. kansasii
902:M. chelonae
731:penicillins
654:Orthologous
544:M. chelonae
463:M. vulneris
381:amino acids
349:hydrophobic
321:macrophages
5374:Categories
4958:M. duvalii
4849:M. sphagni
4808:M. obuense
4679:F/T groups
4637:M. hodleri
4557:M. tusciae
4550:M. doricum
4480:M. kubicae
4398:M. triplex
4313:M. celatum
4129:M. szulgai
3972:K/H groups
3864:M. marinum
3822:M. microti
3182:2023-05-07
3090:2023-04-27
3065:2023-05-07
3041:2023-04-25
3013:2023-05-07
2989:2023-04-25
2965:2023-04-25
2849:2023-04-28
2646:2023-05-07
2622:2023-05-07
2598:2023-05-07
2571:2023-05-07
2547:2023-05-07
2474:2023-05-13
1996:: 100244.
1846:References
1473:carotenoid
1235:M. marinum
1193:M. szulgai
743:ethambutol
739:rifampicin
589:proteins,
583:macrophage
469:eukaryotic
396:blood agar
367:Physiology
333:M. marinum
329:endospores
311:non-motile
307:rod shapes
285:Morphology
263:cell walls
55:micrograph
5070:M. murale
5045:M. goodii
5008:M. brumae
4898:M. vaccae
4814:M. gilvum
4706:M. gadium
4700:M. fallax
4694:M. chitae
4584:Runyon IV
4535:Ungrouped
4431:M. simiae
4333:M. terrae
4292:M. cookii
4255:M. xenopi
4066:M. gastri
3922:M. leprae
3836:M. caprae
3282:: 19–25.
3140:219604813
2795:Virulence
2701:Virulence
2637:"UniProt"
2613:"UniProt"
2589:"UniProt"
2562:"UniProt"
2538:"UniProt"
2120:208020338
1778:Mycosides
1772:liposomes
1687:to color
1680:M. leprae
1666:Diagnosis
1563:species:
1532:M. leprae
1389:M. terrae
1339:M. xenopi
1313:M. simiae
828:estimated
794:M. leprae
761:Organism
735:isoniazid
671:M. leprae
636:M. leprae
591:proteases
577:has many
514:M. leprae
483:Organism
458:M. leprae
422:M. leprae
408:strains.
401:M. leprae
341:sporulate
246:M. leprae
227:pathogens
5182:Wikidata
5014:M. phlei
4884:M. aurum
4779:M. alvei
4010:M. avium
4003:M. avium
3953:M. lacus
3808:M. bovis
3539:13831939
3496:31571947
3445:26239846
3396:31296783
3355:29497402
3296:29030295
3261:92810288
3220:21075707
3132:32527504
2939:10 March
2912:32781595
2825:36326715
2772:29205127
2731:23076359
2682:26017823
2524:24812218
2451:16219512
2410:14255702
2361:25567228
2287:20080769
2228:19541637
2169:14597736
2112:31728063
2074:29386234
2020:34036184
1968:32470138
1893:June 16,
1796:M. bovis
1703:(MGIT).
1521:M. avium
1429:outgroup
1067:M. avium
847:Unknown
838:complex
817:complex
815:M. avium
445:Genomics
431:chlorine
416:Whereas
385:glycerol
337:M. bovis
325:capsules
161:Synonyms
145:Species
119:Family:
89:Phylum:
83:Bacteria
79:Domain:
5282:1115466
5256:3225061
5188:Q194309
4945:M. agri
4227:(other)
3915:Leprosy
3779:(TKHGC)
3655:8643481
3623:Bibcode
3596:4113889
3547:4149360
3519:Bibcode
3487:6756577
3436:4573350
3346:5819568
2933:epa.gov
2903:7463534
2816:9635560
2722:3544749
2515:4014686
2352:4284306
2278:2818926
2255:Bibcode
2219:2705590
2196:Bibcode
2160:2194249
2065:5967691
2011:8135042
1959:7261415
1545:), and
1543:leprosy
1523:complex
1512:complex
854:History
722:glucans
718:capsule
620:Leprosy
614:Leprosy
608:complex
563:complex
435:amoebas
427:biofilm
412:Ecology
406:E. coli
379:and/or
377:ammonia
303:aerobic
253:prefix
241:leprosy
129:Genus:
109:Order:
99:Class:
5357:178089
5344:310512
5328:NZOR:
5295:189415
5269:356728
5243:1MYCBG
4012:subp.
3948:other
3653:
3643:
3594:
3587:356406
3584:
3545:
3537:
3511:Nature
3494:
3484:
3443:
3433:
3394:
3353:
3343:
3329:: 67.
3294:
3259:
3249:
3218:
3173:
3138:
3130:
2910:
2900:
2823:
2813:
2770:
2729:
2719:
2680:
2522:
2512:
2449:
2408:
2401:305516
2398:
2359:
2349:
2308:
2285:
2275:
2226:
2216:
2167:
2157:
2118:
2110:
2072:
2062:
2018:
2008:
1966:
1956:
1889:(LPSN)
1603:et al.
1601:Gupta
712:, and
587:kinase
548:4,948
538:6,602
528:3,995
518:1,603
508:5,084
496:5,289
351:, and
239:) and
5352:WoRMS
5277:IRMNG
5230:83101
5217:63CRH
3646:39357
3543:S2CID
3257:S2CID
3136:S2CID
2929:(PDF)
2500:(3).
2116:S2CID
1915:(PDF)
1862:[
1802:Notes
727:myco-
600:bovis
598:var.
596:M. t.
472:yeast
390:Most
371:Many
255:myco-
251:Greek
215:genus
213:is a
5321:1763
5316:NCBI
5303:LPSN
5290:ITIS
5251:GBIF
5238:EPPO
4469:R2S
4457:R3N
4438:R2S
4387:R3N
4204:R2S
4136:R3N
4124:R2S
4094:R3N
4075:R2S
4061:R3N
4049:R1P
4028:R2S
3992:R3N
3871:R2S
3766:R3N=
3760:R2S=
3651:PMID
3592:PMID
3535:PMID
3492:PMID
3441:PMID
3392:PMID
3351:PMID
3292:PMID
3247:ISBN
3216:PMID
3171:ISBN
3128:PMID
2941:2023
2908:PMID
2872:and
2821:PMID
2768:PMID
2727:PMID
2678:PMID
2520:PMID
2447:PMID
2406:PMID
2357:PMID
2306:ISBN
2283:PMID
2224:PMID
2165:PMID
2108:PMID
2070:PMID
2016:PMID
1964:PMID
1895:2021
1746:MGIT
1699:and
1674:and
1535:and
1503:and
675:and
420:and
359:and
259:mold
153:LPSN
5225:EoL
5212:CoL
4300:R3N
4286:R2S
4180:R2S
4166:R1P
3987:MAC
3944:R3N
3884:R3N
3858:R1P
3852:MPM
3794:MTC
3641:PMC
3631:doi
3582:PMC
3574:doi
3527:doi
3515:186
3482:PMC
3472:doi
3431:PMC
3423:doi
3382:doi
3341:PMC
3331:doi
3284:doi
3239:doi
3208:doi
3163:doi
3118:doi
3114:119
2898:PMC
2888:doi
2811:PMC
2803:doi
2758:doi
2717:PMC
2709:doi
2670:doi
2666:372
2510:PMC
2502:doi
2437:doi
2396:PMC
2388:doi
2347:PMC
2339:doi
2273:PMC
2263:doi
2251:107
2214:PMC
2204:doi
2192:106
2155:PMC
2147:doi
2143:198
2100:doi
2060:PMC
2052:doi
2006:PMC
1998:doi
1954:PMC
1946:doi
1942:477
1718:on
1555:).
1529:),
1518:),
720:of
658:OMA
628:or
57:of
52:TEM
5376::
5354::
5341::
5318::
5305::
5292::
5279::
5266::
5253::
5240::
5227::
5214::
5199::
5184::
4878:AV
4044:GK
3754:P=
3752:R1
3649:.
3639:.
3629:.
3619:93
3617:.
3613:.
3590:.
3580:.
3568:.
3564:.
3541:.
3533:.
3525:.
3513:.
3490:.
3480:.
3468:12
3466:.
3462:.
3439:.
3429:.
3419:83
3417:.
3413:.
3390:.
3378:54
3376:.
3372:.
3349:.
3339:.
3325:.
3321:.
3290:.
3280:56
3278:.
3255:.
3245:.
3214:.
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3202:.
3190:^
3169:,
3157:,
3134:.
3126:.
3108:.
3082:.
3058:.
3033:.
3022:^
3006:.
2982:.
2957:.
2931:.
2906:.
2896:.
2882:.
2878:.
2858:^
2841:.
2819:.
2809:.
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2028:^
2014:.
2004:.
1994:24
1992:.
1988:.
1976:^
1962:.
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1940:.
1936:.
1917:.
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5042:/
5027:/
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5005:/
4988:/
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4833:/
4817:/
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4770:/
4753:/
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